cppcheck/lib/checknullpointer.h

/*
 * Cppcheck - A tool for static C/C++ code analysis
 * Copyright (C) 2007-2023 Cppcheck team.
 *
 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */


//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#ifndef checknullpointerH
#define checknullpointerH
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------

#include "check.h"
#include "config.h"
#include "ctu.h"
#include "tokenize.h"
#include "vfvalue.h"

#include <list>
#include <string>

class ErrorLogger;
class Library;
class Settings;
class Token;

namespace tinyxml2 {
    class XMLElement;
}

/// @addtogroup Checks
/// @{


/** @brief check for null pointer dereferencing */

class CPPCHECKLIB CheckNullPointer : public Check {
    friend class TestNullPointer;

public:
    /** @brief This constructor is used when registering the CheckNullPointer */
    CheckNullPointer() : Check(myName()) {}

    /**
     * Is there a pointer dereference? Everything that should result in
     * a nullpointer dereference error message will result in a true
     * return value. If it's unknown if the pointer is dereferenced false
     * is returned.
     * @param tok token for the pointer
     * @param unknown it is not known if there is a pointer dereference (could be reported as a debug message)
     * @return true => there is a dereference
     */
    bool isPointerDeRef(const Token *tok, bool &unknown) const;

    static bool isPointerDeRef(const Token *tok, bool &unknown, const Settings *settings);

private:
    /**
     * @brief parse a function call and extract information about variable usage
     * @param tok first token
     * @param var variables that the function read / write.
     * @param library --library files data
     */
    static void parseFunctionCall(const Token &tok,
                                  std::list<const Token *> &var,
                                  const Library *library);

    /** @brief This constructor is used when running checks. */
    CheckNullPointer(const Tokenizer *tokenizer, const Settings *settings, ErrorLogger *errorLogger)
        : Check(myName(), tokenizer, settings, errorLogger) {}

    /** @brief Run checks against the normal token list */
    void runChecks(const Tokenizer &tokenizer, ErrorLogger *errorLogger) override {
        CheckNullPointer checkNullPointer(&tokenizer, tokenizer.getSettings(), errorLogger);
        checkNullPointer.nullPointer();
        checkNullPointer.arithmetic();
        checkNullPointer.nullConstantDereference();
    }

    /** @brief possible null pointer dereference */
    void nullPointer();

    /** @brief dereferencing null constant (after Tokenizer::simplifyKnownVariables) */
    void nullConstantDereference();

    void nullPointerError(const Token *tok) {
        ValueFlow::Value v(0);
        v.setKnown();
        nullPointerError(tok, emptyString, &v, false);
    }
    void nullPointerError(const Token *tok, const std::string &varname, const ValueFlow::Value* value, bool inconclusive);

    /* data for multifile checking */
    class MyFileInfo : public Check::FileInfo {
    public:
        /** function arguments that are dereferenced without checking if they are null */
        std::list<CTU::FileInfo::UnsafeUsage> unsafeUsage;

        /** Convert MyFileInfo data into xml string */
        std::string toString() const override;
    };

    /** @brief Parse current TU and extract file info */
    Check::FileInfo *getFileInfo(const Tokenizer *tokenizer, const Settings *settings) const override;

    Check::FileInfo * loadFileInfoFromXml(const tinyxml2::XMLElement *xmlElement) const override;

    /** @brief Analyse all file infos for all TU */
    bool analyseWholeProgram(const CTU::FileInfo *ctu, const std::list<Check::FileInfo*> &fileInfo, const Settings& settings, ErrorLogger &errorLogger) override;

    /** Get error messages. Used by --errorlist */
    void getErrorMessages(ErrorLogger *errorLogger, const Settings *settings) const override {
        CheckNullPointer c(nullptr, settings, errorLogger);
        c.nullPointerError(nullptr, "pointer", nullptr, false);
        c.pointerArithmeticError(nullptr, nullptr, false);
        c.redundantConditionWarning(nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, false);
    }

    /** Name of check */
    static std::string myName() {
        return "Null pointer";
    }

    /** class info in WIKI format. Used by --doc */
    std::string classInfo() const override {
        return "Null pointers\n"
               "- null pointer dereferencing\n"
               "- undefined null pointer arithmetic\n";
    }

    /**
     * @brief Does one part of the check for nullPointer().
     * Dereferencing a pointer and then checking if it's NULL..
     */
    void nullPointerByDeRefAndChec();

    /** undefined null pointer arithmetic */
    void arithmetic();
    void pointerArithmeticError(const Token* tok, const ValueFlow::Value *value, bool inconclusive);
    void redundantConditionWarning(const Token* tok, const ValueFlow::Value *value, const Token *condition, bool inconclusive);
};
/// @}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#endif // checknullpointerH