cppcheck/lib/errorlogger.h

/*
 * Cppcheck - A tool for static C/C++ code analysis
 * Copyright (C) 2007-2019 Cppcheck team.
 *
 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#ifndef errorloggerH
#define errorloggerH
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------

#include "config.h"
#include "suppressions.h"

#include <cstddef>
#include <fstream>
#include <list>
#include <string>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

/**
 * CWE id (Common Weakness Enumeration)
 * See https://cwe.mitre.org/ for further reference.
 * */
struct CWE {
    explicit CWE(unsigned short cweId) : id(cweId) {}
    unsigned short id;
};

// CWE list: https://cwe.mitre.org/data/published/cwe_v3.4.1.pdf
static const struct CWE CWE_USE_OF_UNINITIALIZED_VARIABLE(457U);
static const struct CWE CWE_NULL_POINTER_DEREFERENCE(476U);
static const struct CWE CWE_USE_OF_POTENTIALLY_DANGEROUS_FUNCTION(676U);
static const struct CWE CWE_INCORRECT_CALCULATION(682U);
static const struct CWE CWE_EXPIRED_POINTER_DEREFERENCE(825U);


class Token;
class TokenList;

namespace tinyxml2 {
    class XMLElement;
}

/// @addtogroup Core
/// @{

/** @brief Simple container to be thrown when internal error is detected. */
struct InternalError {
    enum Type {AST, SYNTAX, UNKNOWN_MACRO, INTERNAL, LIMIT, INSTANTIATION};
    InternalError(const Token *tok, const std::string &errorMsg, Type type = INTERNAL);
    const Token *token;
    std::string errorMessage;
    Type type;
    std::string id;
};

/** @brief enum class for severity. Used when reporting errors. */
class CPPCHECKLIB Severity {
public:
    /**
     * Message severities.
     */
    enum SeverityType {
        /**
         * No severity (default value).
         */
        none,
        /**
         * Programming error.
         * This indicates severe error like memory leak etc.
         * The error is certain.
         */
        error,
        /**
         * Warning.
         * Used for dangerous coding style that can cause severe runtime errors.
         * For example: forgetting to initialize a member variable in a constructor.
         */
        warning,
        /**
         * Style warning.
         * Used for general code cleanup recommendations. Fixing these
         * will not fix any bugs but will make the code easier to maintain.
         * For example: redundant code, unreachable code, etc.
         */
        style,
        /**
         * Performance warning.
         * Not an error as is but suboptimal code and fixing it probably leads
         * to faster performance of the compiled code.
         */
        performance,
        /**
         * Portability warning.
         * This warning indicates the code is not properly portable for
         * different platforms and bitnesses (32/64 bit). If the code is meant
         * to compile in different platforms and bitnesses these warnings
         * should be fixed.
         */
        portability,
        /**
         * Checking information.
         * Information message about the checking (process) itself. These
         * messages inform about header files not found etc issues that are
         * not errors in the code but something user needs to know.
         */
        information,
        /**
         * Debug message.
         * Debug-mode message useful for the developers.
         */
        debug
    };

    static std::string toString(SeverityType severity) {
        switch (severity) {
        case none:
            return "";
        case error:
            return "error";
        case warning:
            return "warning";
        case style:
            return "style";
        case performance:
            return "performance";
        case portability:
            return "portability";
        case information:
            return "information";
        case debug:
            return "debug";
        }
        throw InternalError(nullptr, "Unknown severity");
    }
    static SeverityType fromString(const std::string &severity) {
        if (severity.empty())
            return none;
        if (severity == "none")
            return none;
        if (severity == "error")
            return error;
        if (severity == "warning")
            return warning;
        if (severity == "style")
            return style;
        if (severity == "performance")
            return performance;
        if (severity == "portability")
            return portability;
        if (severity == "information")
            return information;
        if (severity == "debug")
            return debug;
        return none;
    }
};


typedef std::pair<const Token *, std::string> ErrorPathItem;
typedef std::list<ErrorPathItem> ErrorPath;

/**
 * @brief This is an interface, which the class responsible of error logging
 * should implement.
 */
class CPPCHECKLIB ErrorLogger {
protected:
    std::ofstream plistFile;
public:

    /**
     * Wrapper for error messages, provided by reportErr()
     */
    class CPPCHECKLIB ErrorMessage {
    public:
        /**
         * File name and line number.
         * Internally paths are stored with / separator. When getting the filename
         * it is by default converted to native separators.
         */
        class CPPCHECKLIB FileLocation {
        public:
            FileLocation()
                : fileIndex(0), line(0), column(0) {
            }

            FileLocation(const std::string &file, int line, int column)
                : fileIndex(0), line(line), column(column), mOrigFileName(file), mFileName(file) {
            }

            FileLocation(const std::string &file, const std::string &info, int line, int column)
                : fileIndex(0), line(line), column(column), mOrigFileName(file), mFileName(file), mInfo(info) {
            }

            FileLocation(const Token* tok, const TokenList* tokenList);
            FileLocation(const Token* tok, const std::string &info, const TokenList* tokenList);

            /**
             * Return the filename.
             * @param convert If true convert path to native separators.
             * @return filename.
             */
            std::string getfile(bool convert = true) const;

            /**
             * Filename with the whole path (no --rp)
             * @param convert If true convert path to native separators.
             * @return filename.
             */
            std::string getOrigFile(bool convert = true) const;

            /**
             * Set the filename.
             * @param file Filename to set.
             */
            void setfile(const std::string &file);

            /**
             * @return the location as a string. Format: [file:line]
             */
            std::string stringify() const;

            unsigned int fileIndex;
            int line; // negative value means "no line"
            unsigned int column;

            std::string getinfo() const {
                return mInfo;
            }
            void setinfo(const std::string &i) {
                mInfo = i;
            }

        private:
            std::string mOrigFileName;
            std::string mFileName;
            std::string mInfo;
        };

        ErrorMessage(const std::list<FileLocation> &callStack,
                     const std::string& file1,
                     Severity::SeverityType severity,
                     const std::string &msg,
                     const std::string &id, bool inconclusive);
        ErrorMessage(const std::list<FileLocation> &callStack,
                     const std::string& file1,
                     Severity::SeverityType severity,
                     const std::string &msg,
                     const std::string &id,
                     const CWE &cwe,
                     bool inconclusive);
        ErrorMessage(const std::list<const Token*>& callstack,
                     const TokenList* list,
                     Severity::SeverityType severity,
                     const std::string& id,
                     const std::string& msg,
                     bool inconclusive);
        ErrorMessage(const std::list<const Token*>& callstack,
                     const TokenList* list,
                     Severity::SeverityType severity,
                     const std::string& id,
                     const std::string& msg,
                     const CWE &cwe,
                     bool inconclusive);
        ErrorMessage(const ErrorPath &errorPath,
                     const TokenList *tokenList,
                     Severity::SeverityType severity,
                     const char id[],
                     const std::string &msg,
                     const CWE &cwe,
                     bool inconclusive);
        ErrorMessage();
        explicit ErrorMessage(const tinyxml2::XMLElement * const errmsg);

        /**
         * Format the error message in XML format
         */
        std::string toXML() const;

        static std::string getXMLHeader();
        static std::string getXMLFooter();

        /**
         * Format the error message into a string.
         * @param verbose use verbose message
         * @param templateFormat Empty string to use default output format
         * or template to be used. E.g. "{file}:{line},{severity},{id},{message}"
         * @param templateLocation Format Empty string to use default output format
         * or template to be used. E.g. "{file}:{line},{info}"
        * @return formatted string
         */
        std::string toString(bool verbose,
                             const std::string &templateFormat = emptyString,
                             const std::string &templateLocation = emptyString) const;

        std::string serialize() const;
        bool deserialize(const std::string &data);

        std::list<FileLocation> callStack;
        std::string id;

        /** For GUI rechecking; source file (not header) */
        std::string file0;
        /** For GUI bug hunting; function name */
        std::string function;
        /** For GUI bug hunting; incomplete analysis */
        bool incomplete;

        Severity::SeverityType severity;
        CWE cwe;
        bool inconclusive;

        /** set short and verbose messages */
        void setmsg(const std::string &msg);

        /** Short message (single line short message) */
        const std::string &shortMessage() const {
            return mShortMessage;
        }

        /** Verbose message (may be the same as the short message) */
        const std::string &verboseMessage() const {
            return mVerboseMessage;
        }

        /** Symbol names */
        const std::string &symbolNames() const {
            return mSymbolNames;
        }

        Suppressions::ErrorMessage toSuppressionsErrorMessage() const;

    private:
        /**
         * Replace all occurrences of searchFor with replaceWith in the
         * given source.
         * @param source The string to modify
         * @param searchFor What should be searched for
         * @param replaceWith What will replace the found item
         */
        static void findAndReplace(std::string &source, const std::string &searchFor, const std::string &replaceWith);

        static std::string fixInvalidChars(const std::string& raw);

        /** Short message */
        std::string mShortMessage;

        /** Verbose message */
        std::string mVerboseMessage;

        /** symbol names */
        std::string mSymbolNames;
    };

    ErrorLogger() { }
    virtual ~ErrorLogger() {
        if (plistFile.is_open()) {
            plistFile << ErrorLogger::plistFooter();
            plistFile.close();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Information about progress is directed here.
     * Override this to receive the progress messages.
     *
     * @param outmsg Message to show e.g. "Checking main.cpp..."
     */
    virtual void reportOut(const std::string &outmsg) = 0;

    /**
     * Information about found errors and warnings is directed
     * here. Override this to receive the errormessages.
     *
     * @param msg Location and other information about the found error.
     */
    virtual void reportErr(const ErrorLogger::ErrorMessage &msg) = 0;

    /**
     * Report progress to client
     * @param filename main file that is checked
     * @param stage for example preprocess / tokenize / simplify / check
     * @param value progress value (0-100)
     */
    virtual void reportProgress(const std::string &filename, const char stage[], const std::size_t value) {
        (void)filename;
        (void)stage;
        (void)value;
    }

    /**
     * Output information messages.
     * @param msg Location and other information about the found error.
     */
    virtual void reportInfo(const ErrorLogger::ErrorMessage &msg) {
        reportErr(msg);
    }

    virtual void bughuntingReport(const std::string &str) = 0;

    /**
     * Report unmatched suppressions
     * @param unmatched list of unmatched suppressions (from Settings::Suppressions::getUnmatched(Local|Global)Suppressions)
     * @return true is returned if errors are reported
     */
    bool reportUnmatchedSuppressions(const std::list<Suppressions::Suppression> &unmatched);

    static std::string callStackToString(const std::list<ErrorLogger::ErrorMessage::FileLocation> &callStack);

    /**
     * Convert XML-sensitive characters into XML entities
     * @param str The input string containing XML-sensitive characters
     * @return The output string containing XML entities
     */
    static std::string toxml(const std::string &str);

    static std::string plistHeader(const std::string &version, const std::vector<std::string> &files);
    static std::string plistData(const ErrorLogger::ErrorMessage &msg);
    static const char *plistFooter() {
        return " </array>\r\n"
               "</dict>\r\n"
               "</plist>";
    }
};

/** Replace substring. Example replaceStr("1,NR,3", "NR", "2") => "1,2,3" */
std::string replaceStr(std::string s, const std::string &from, const std::string &to);

/// @}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#endif // errorloggerH