cppcheck/lib/valueflow.cpp

/*
 * Cppcheck - A tool for static C/C++ code analysis
 * Copyright (C) 2007-2014 Daniel Marjamäki and Cppcheck team.
 *
 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

#include "valueflow.h"
#include "errorlogger.h"
#include "mathlib.h"
#include "settings.h"
#include "symboldatabase.h"
#include "token.h"
#include "tokenlist.h"
#include <stack>

static void execute(const Token *expr,
                    std::map<unsigned int, MathLib::bigint> * const programMemory,
                    MathLib::bigint *result,
                    bool *error);

static void bailout(TokenList *tokenlist, ErrorLogger *errorLogger, const Token *tok, const std::string &what)
{
    std::list<ErrorLogger::ErrorMessage::FileLocation> callstack;
    callstack.push_back(ErrorLogger::ErrorMessage::FileLocation(tok,tokenlist));
    ErrorLogger::ErrorMessage errmsg(callstack, Severity::debug, "ValueFlow bailout: " + what, "valueFlowBailout", false);
    errorLogger->reportErr(errmsg);
}

static bool bailoutFunctionPar(const Token *tok, const ValueFlow::Value &value, const Settings *settings, bool *inconclusive)
{
    if (!tok)
        return false;

    // address of variable
    const bool addressOf = tok && Token::simpleMatch(tok->previous(), "&");

    // passing variable to subfunction?
    if (Token::Match(tok->tokAt(-2), ") & %var% [,)]") && Token::Match(tok->linkAt(-2)->previous(), "[,(] ("))
        ;
    else if (Token::Match(tok->tokAt(addressOf?-2:-1), "[(,] &| %var% [,)]"))
        ;
    else
        return false;

    // reinterpret_cast etc..
    if (Token::Match(tok->tokAt(-3), "> ( & %var% ) [,)]") &&
        tok->linkAt(-3) &&
        Token::Match(tok->linkAt(-3)->tokAt(-2), "[,(] %type% <"))
        tok = tok->linkAt(-3);

    // goto start of function call and get argnr
    unsigned int argnr = 0;
    while (tok && tok->str() != "(") {
        if (tok->str() == ",")
            ++argnr;
        else if (tok->str() == ")")
            tok = tok->link();
        tok = tok->previous();
    }
    tok = tok ? tok->previous() : nullptr;
    if (!Token::Match(tok,"%var% ("))
        return false; // not a function => do not bailout

    if (!tok->function()) {
        // if value is 0 and the library says 0 is invalid => do not bailout
        if (value.intvalue==0 && settings->library.isnullargbad(tok->str(), 1+argnr))
            return false;
        // addressOf => inconclusive
        if (!addressOf) {
            *inconclusive = true;
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    const Variable *arg = tok->function()->getArgumentVar(argnr);

    if (addressOf && !(arg && arg->isConst()))
        return true;

    return arg && !arg->isConst() && arg->isReference();
}

/**
 * Is condition always false when variable has given value?
 * \param condition   top ast token in condition
 * \param programMemory   program memory
 */
static bool conditionIsFalse(const Token *condition, const std::map<unsigned int, MathLib::bigint> &programMemory)
{
    if (!condition)
        return false;
    if (condition->str() == "&&") {
        const bool result1 = conditionIsFalse(condition->astOperand1(), programMemory);
        const bool result2 = result1 ? true : conditionIsFalse(condition->astOperand2(), programMemory);
        return result2;
    }
    std::map<unsigned int, MathLib::bigint> progmem(programMemory);
    MathLib::bigint result = 0;
    bool error = false;
    execute(condition, &progmem, &result, &error);
    return !error && result == 0;
}

/**
 * Is condition always true when variable has given value?
 * \param condition   top ast token in condition
 * \param programMemory   program memory
 */
static bool conditionIsTrue(const Token *condition, const std::map<unsigned int, MathLib::bigint> &programMemory)
{
    if (!condition)
        return false;
    if (condition->str() == "||") {
        const bool result1 = conditionIsTrue(condition->astOperand1(), programMemory);
        const bool result2 = result1 ? true : conditionIsTrue(condition->astOperand2(), programMemory);
        return result2;
    }
    std::map<unsigned int, MathLib::bigint> progmem(programMemory);
    bool error = false;
    MathLib::bigint result = 0;
    execute(condition, &progmem, &result, &error);
    return !error && result == 1;
}

/**
 * Get program memory by looking backwards from given token.
 */
static std::map<unsigned int, MathLib::bigint> getProgramMemory(const Token *tok, unsigned int varid, const ValueFlow::Value &value)
{
    std::map<unsigned int, MathLib::bigint> programMemory;
    programMemory[varid] = value.intvalue;
    const std::map<unsigned int, MathLib::bigint> programMemory1(programMemory);
    int indentlevel = 0;
    for (const Token *tok2 = tok; tok2; tok2 = tok2->previous()) {
        if (Token::Match(tok2, "[;{}] %var% = %num% ;")) {
            const Token *vartok = tok2->next();
            const Token *numtok = tok2->tokAt(3);
            if (vartok->varId() != 0U && programMemory.find(vartok->varId()) == programMemory.end())
                programMemory[vartok->varId()] = MathLib::toLongNumber(numtok->str());
        }
        if (Token::Match(tok2, "[;{}] %varid% = %var% ;", varid)) {
            const Token *vartok = tok2->tokAt(3);
            if (vartok->varId() != 0U)
                programMemory[vartok->varId()] = value.intvalue;
        }
        if (tok2->str() == "{") {
            if (indentlevel <= 0)
                break;
            --indentlevel;
        }
        if (tok2->str() == "}") {
            const Token *cond = tok2->link();
            cond = Token::simpleMatch(cond->previous(), ") {") ? cond->linkAt(-1) : nullptr;
            if (cond && conditionIsFalse(cond->astOperand2(), programMemory1))
                tok2 = cond->previous();
            else if (cond && conditionIsTrue(cond->astOperand2(), programMemory1)) {
                ++indentlevel;
                continue;
            } else
                break;
        }
    }
    return programMemory;
}

/**
 * Should value be skipped because it's hidden inside && || or ?: expression.
 * Example: ((x!=NULL) && (*x == 123))
 * If 'valuetok' points at the x in '(*x == 123)'. Then the '&&' will be returned.
 * @param valuetok original variable token
 * @return NULL=>don't skip, non-NULL=>The operator token that cause the skip. For instance the '&&'.
 * */
static const Token * skipValueInConditionalExpression(const Token * const valuetok)
{
    // Walk up the ast
    const Token *prev = valuetok;
    for (const Token *tok = valuetok->astParent(); tok; tok = tok->astParent()) {
        const bool prevIsLhs = (prev == tok->astOperand1());
        prev = tok;

        if (prevIsLhs || !Token::Match(tok, "%oror%|&&|?|:"))
            continue;

        // Is variable protected in LHS..
        std::stack<const Token *> tokens;
        tokens.push(tok->astOperand1());
        while (!tokens.empty()) {
            const Token * const tok2 = tokens.top();
            tokens.pop();
            if (!tok2)
                continue;
            if (tok2 != valuetok && tok2->str() == valuetok->str())
                return tok;
            tokens.push(tok2->astOperand2());
            tokens.push(tok2->astOperand1());
        }
    }
    return nullptr;
}

static bool bailoutSelfAssignment(const Token * const tok)
{
    const Token *parent = tok;
    while (parent) {
        const Token *op = parent;
        parent = parent->astParent();

        // Assignment where lhs variable exists in rhs => return true
        if (parent                         != nullptr      &&
            parent->astOperand2()          == op           &&
            parent->astOperand1()          != nullptr      &&
            parent->str()                  == "=") {
            for (const Token *lhs = parent->astOperand1(); lhs; lhs = lhs->astOperand1()) {
                if (lhs->varId() == tok->varId())
                    return true;
                if (lhs->astOperand2() && lhs->astOperand2()->varId() == tok->varId())
                    return true;
            }
        }
    }
    return false;
}

static bool isReturn(const Token *tok)
{
    const Token *prev = tok ? tok->previous() : nullptr;
    if (Token::simpleMatch(prev, "}") && Token::simpleMatch(prev->link()->tokAt(-2),"} else {"))
        return isReturn(prev) && isReturn(prev->link()->tokAt(-2));
    if (Token::simpleMatch(prev, ";")) {
        // noreturn function
        if (Token::simpleMatch(prev->previous(), ") ;") && Token::Match(prev->linkAt(-1)->tokAt(-2), "[;{}] %var% ("))
            return true;
        // return statement
        prev = prev->previous();
        while (prev && !Token::Match(prev,"[;{}]"))
            prev = prev->previous();
        return Token::Match(prev, "[;{}] return");
    }
    return false;
}

static bool isVariableChanged(const Token *start, const Token *end, const unsigned int varid)
{
    for (const Token *tok = start; tok != end; tok = tok->next()) {
        if (tok->varId() == varid) {
            if (Token::Match(tok, "%var% ="))
                return true;

            const Token *parent = tok->astParent();
            while (Token::Match(parent, ".|::"))
                parent = parent->astParent();
            if (parent && parent->type() == Token::eIncDecOp)
                return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

/** set ValueFlow value and perform calculations if possible */
static void setTokenValue(Token* tok, const ValueFlow::Value &value)
{
    // if value already exists, don't add it again
    std::list<ValueFlow::Value>::iterator it;
    for (it = tok->values.begin(); it != tok->values.end(); ++it) {
        // different intvalue => continue
        if (it->intvalue != value.intvalue)
            continue;

        // different tokvalue => continue
        if ((it->tokvalue == nullptr) != (value.tokvalue == nullptr))
            continue;
        if ((value.tokvalue != nullptr) && (it->tokvalue != value.tokvalue) && (it->tokvalue->str() != value.tokvalue->str()))
            continue;

        // same value, but old value is inconclusive so replace it
        if (it->inconclusive && !value.inconclusive) {
            *it = value;
            break;
        }

        // Same value already exists, don't  add new value
        return;
    }

    if (it == tok->values.end()) {
        tok->values.push_back(value);
        it = tok->values.end();
        --it;
        if (it->varId == 0)
            it->varId = tok->varId();
    }

    Token *parent = const_cast<Token*>(tok->astParent());

    // Cast..
    if (parent && parent->str() == "(" && tok == parent->link()->next()) {
        setTokenValue(parent,value);
    }

    // Calculations..
    else if (parent && parent->isArithmeticalOp() && parent->astOperand1() && parent->astOperand2()) {
        std::list<ValueFlow::Value>::const_iterator value1, value2;
        for (value1 = parent->astOperand1()->values.begin(); value1 != parent->astOperand1()->values.end(); ++value1) {
            for (value2 = parent->astOperand2()->values.begin(); value2 != parent->astOperand2()->values.end(); ++value2) {
                if (value1->varId == 0U || value2->varId == 0U ||
                    (value1->varId == value2->varId && value1->varvalue == value2->varvalue)) {
                    ValueFlow::Value result(0);
                    result.condition = value1->condition ? value1->condition : value2->condition;
                    result.inconclusive = value1->inconclusive | value2->inconclusive;
                    result.varId = (value1->varId != 0U) ? value1->varId : value2->varId;
                    result.varvalue = (result.varId == value1->varId) ? value1->intvalue : value2->intvalue;
                    switch (parent->str()[0]) {
                    case '+':
                        result.intvalue = value1->intvalue + value2->intvalue;
                        setTokenValue(parent, result);
                        break;
                    case '-':
                        result.intvalue = value1->intvalue - value2->intvalue;
                        setTokenValue(parent, result);
                        break;
                    case '*':
                        result.intvalue = value1->intvalue * value2->intvalue;
                        setTokenValue(parent, result);
                        break;
                    case '/':
                        if (value2->intvalue == 0)
                            break;
                        result.intvalue = value1->intvalue / value2->intvalue;
                        setTokenValue(parent, result);
                        break;
                    case '%':
                        if (value2->intvalue == 0)
                            break;
                        result.intvalue = value1->intvalue % value2->intvalue;
                        setTokenValue(parent, result);
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

static void valueFlowNumber(TokenList *tokenlist)
{
    for (Token *tok = tokenlist->front(); tok; tok = tok->next()) {
        if (tok->isNumber() && MathLib::isInt(tok->str()))
            setTokenValue(tok, ValueFlow::Value(MathLib::toLongNumber(tok->str())));
    }
}

static void valueFlowString(TokenList *tokenlist)
{
    for (Token *tok = tokenlist->front(); tok; tok = tok->next()) {
        if (tok->type() == Token::eString) {
            ValueFlow::Value strvalue;
            strvalue.tokvalue = tok;
            setTokenValue(tok, strvalue);
        }
    }
}

static void valueFlowPointerAlias(TokenList *tokenlist)
{
    for (Token *tok = tokenlist->front(); tok; tok = tok->next()) {
        // not address of
        if (tok->str() != "&" || tok->astOperand2())
            continue;

        // parent should be a '='
        if (!Token::simpleMatch(tok->astParent(), "="))
            continue;

        // child should be some buffer or variable
        if (!Token::Match(tok->astOperand1(), "%var%|.|[|;"))
            continue;

        ValueFlow::Value value;
        value.tokvalue = tok;
        setTokenValue(tok, value);
    }
}

static void valueFlowBitAnd(TokenList *tokenlist)
{
    for (Token *tok = tokenlist->front(); tok; tok = tok->next()) {
        if (tok->str() != "&")
            continue;

        if (!tok->astOperand1() || !tok->astOperand2())
            continue;

        MathLib::bigint number;
        if (MathLib::isInt(tok->astOperand1()->str()))
            number = MathLib::toLongNumber(tok->astOperand1()->str());
        else if (MathLib::isInt(tok->astOperand2()->str()))
            number = MathLib::toLongNumber(tok->astOperand2()->str());
        else
            continue;

        int bit = 0;
        while (bit <= 60 && ((1LL<<bit) < number))
            ++bit;

        if ((1LL<<bit) == number) {
            setTokenValue(tok, ValueFlow::Value(0));
            setTokenValue(tok, ValueFlow::Value(number));
        }
    }
}

static void valueFlowBeforeCondition(TokenList *tokenlist, ErrorLogger *errorLogger, const Settings *settings)
{
    for (Token *tok = tokenlist->front(); tok; tok = tok->next()) {
        unsigned int varid=0;
        MathLib::bigint num=0;
        const Variable *var=0;
        if (tok->isComparisonOp() && tok->astOperand1() && tok->astOperand2()) {
            if (tok->astOperand1()->isName() && tok->astOperand2()->isNumber()) {
                varid = tok->astOperand1()->varId();
                var = tok->astOperand1()->variable();
                num = MathLib::toLongNumber(tok->astOperand2()->str());
            } else if (tok->astOperand1()->isNumber() && tok->astOperand2()->isName()) {
                varid = tok->astOperand2()->varId();
                var = tok->astOperand2()->variable();
                num = MathLib::toLongNumber(tok->astOperand1()->str());
            } else {
                continue;
            }
        } else if (Token::Match(tok->previous(), "if|while ( %var% %oror%|&&|)") ||
                   Token::Match(tok, "%oror%|&& %var% %oror%|&&|)")) {
            varid = tok->next()->varId();
            var = tok->next()->variable();
            num = 0;
        } else if (tok->str() == "!" && tok->astOperand1() && tok->astOperand1()->isName()) {
            varid = tok->astOperand1()->varId();
            var = tok->astOperand1()->variable();
            num = 0;
        } else {
            continue;
        }

        if (varid == 0U || !var)
            continue;

        // bailout: global non-const variables
        if (!(var->isLocal() || var->isArgument()) && !var->isConst()) {
            if (settings->debugwarnings)
                bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok, "global variable " + var->name());
            continue;
        }

        // bailout: for/while-condition, variable is changed in while loop
        for (const Token *tok2 = tok; tok2; tok2 = tok2->astParent()) {
            if (tok2->astParent() || tok2->str() != "(" || !Token::simpleMatch(tok2->link(), ") {"))
                continue;

            // Variable changed in 3rd for-expression
            if (Token::simpleMatch(tok2->previous(), "for (")) {
                if (isVariableChanged(tok2->astOperand2()->astOperand2(), tok2->link(), varid)) {
                    varid = 0U;
                    if (settings->debugwarnings)
                        bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok, "variable " + var->name() + " used in loop");
                }
            }

            // Variable changed in loop code
            if (Token::Match(tok2->previous(), "for|while (")) {
                const Token * const start = tok2->link()->next();
                const Token * const end   = start->link();

                if (isVariableChanged(start,end,varid)) {
                    varid = 0U;
                    if (settings->debugwarnings)
                        bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok, "variable " + var->name() + " used in loop");
                }
            }

            // if,macro => bailout
            else if (Token::simpleMatch(tok2->previous(), "if (") && tok2->previous()->isExpandedMacro()) {
                varid = 0U;
                if (settings->debugwarnings)
                    bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok, "variable " + var->name() + ", condition is defined in macro");
            }
        }
        if (varid == 0U)
            continue;

        // extra logic for unsigned variables 'i>=1' => possible value can also be 0
        ValueFlow::Value val(tok, num);
        val.varId = varid;
        if (Token::Match(tok, "<|>")) {
            if (num != 0)
                continue;
            if (!var->typeStartToken()->isUnsigned())
                continue;
        }
        ValueFlow::Value val2;
        if (num==1U && Token::Match(tok,"<=|>=")) {
            if (var->typeStartToken()->isUnsigned()) {
                val2 = ValueFlow::Value(tok,0);
                val2.varId = varid;
            }
        }
        for (Token *tok2 = tok->previous(); ; tok2 = tok2->previous()) {
            if (!tok2) {
                if (settings->debugwarnings) {
                    std::list<ErrorLogger::ErrorMessage::FileLocation> callstack;
                    callstack.push_back(ErrorLogger::ErrorMessage::FileLocation(tok,tokenlist));
                    ErrorLogger::ErrorMessage errmsg(callstack, Severity::debug, "iterated too far", "debugValueFlowBeforeCondition", false);
                    errorLogger->reportErr(errmsg);
                }
                break;
            }

            if (tok2->varId() == varid) {
                // bailout: assignment
                if (Token::Match(tok2->previous(), "!!* %var% =")) {
                    if (settings->debugwarnings)
                        bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok2, "assignment of " + tok2->str());
                    break;
                }

                // increment/decrement
                if (Token::Match(tok2->previous(), "[;{}] %var% ++|-- ;"))
                    val.intvalue += (tok2->strAt(1)=="++") ? -1 : 1;
                else if (Token::Match(tok2->tokAt(-2), "[;{}] ++|-- %var% ;"))
                    val.intvalue += (tok2->strAt(-1)=="++") ? -1 : 1;
                else if (Token::Match(tok2->previous(), "++|-- %var%") || Token::Match(tok2, "%var% ++|--")) {
                    if (settings->debugwarnings)
                        bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok2, "increment/decrement of " + tok2->str());
                    break;
                }

                // bailout: variable is used in rhs in assignment to itself
                if (bailoutSelfAssignment(tok2)) {
                    if (settings->debugwarnings)
                        bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok2, "variable " + tok2->str() + " is used in rhs in assignment to itself");
                    break;
                }

                if (Token::Match(tok2->previous(), "sizeof|.")) {
                    const Token *prev = tok2->previous();
                    while (Token::Match(prev,"%var%|.") && prev->str() != "sizeof")
                        prev = prev->previous();
                    if (prev && prev->str() == "sizeof")
                        continue;
                }

                // assigned by subfunction?
                bool inconclusive = false;
                if (bailoutFunctionPar(tok2,val2.condition ? val2 : val, settings, &inconclusive)) {
                    if (settings->debugwarnings)
                        bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok2, "possible assignment of " + tok2->str() + " by subfunction");
                    break;
                }
                val.inconclusive |= inconclusive;
                val2.inconclusive |= inconclusive;

                // skip if variable is conditionally used in ?: expression
                if (const Token *parent = skipValueInConditionalExpression(tok2)) {
                    if (settings->debugwarnings)
                        bailout(tokenlist,
                                errorLogger,
                                tok2,
                                "no simplification of " + tok2->str() + " within " + (Token::Match(parent,"[?:]") ? "?:" : parent->str()) + " expression");
                    continue;
                }

                setTokenValue(tok2, val);
                if (val2.condition)
                    setTokenValue(tok2,val2);
                if (var && tok2 == var->nameToken())
                    break;
            }

            // skip sizeof..
            if (tok2->str() == ")" && Token::Match(tok2->link()->previous(), "typeof|sizeof ("))
                tok2 = tok2->link();

            // goto label
            if (Token::Match(tok2, "[;{}] %var% :")) {
                if (settings->debugwarnings)
                    bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok2->next(), "variable " + var->name() + " stopping on goto label");
                break;
            }

            if (tok2->str() == "}") {
                const Token *vartok = Token::findmatch(tok2->link(), "%varid%", tok2, varid);
                while (Token::Match(vartok, "%var% = %num% ;") && !vartok->tokAt(2)->getValue(num))
                    vartok = Token::findmatch(vartok->next(), "%varid%", tok2, varid);
                if (vartok) {
                    if (settings->debugwarnings) {
                        std::string errmsg = "variable ";
                        if (var)
                            errmsg += var->name() + " ";
                        errmsg += "stopping on }";
                        bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok2, errmsg);
                    }
                    break;
                } else {
                    tok2 = tok2->link();
                }
            } else if (tok2->str() == "{") {
                // if variable is assigned in loop don't look before the loop
                if (tok2->previous() &&
                    (Token::simpleMatch(tok2->previous(), "do") ||
                     (tok2->strAt(-1) == ")" && Token::Match(tok2->linkAt(-1)->previous(), "for|while (")))) {

                    const Token *start = tok2;
                    const Token *end   = start->link();
                    if (isVariableChanged(start,end,varid)) {
                        if (settings->debugwarnings)
                            bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok2, "variable " + var->name() + " is assigned in loop. so valueflow analysis bailout when start of loop is reached.");
                        break;
                    }
                }

                // Global variable : stop when leaving the function scope
                if (!var->isLocal()) {
                    if (!Token::Match(tok2->previous(), ")|else|do {"))
                        break;
                    if (Token::simpleMatch(tok2->previous(), ") {") &&
                        !Token::Match(tok2->linkAt(-1)->previous(), "if|for|while ("))
                        break;
                }
            } else if (tok2->str() == ";") {
                const Token *parent = tok2->previous();
                while (parent && !Token::Match(parent, "return|break|continue|goto"))
                    parent = parent->astParent();
                // reaching a break/continue/return
                if (parent) {
                    if (settings->debugwarnings)
                        bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok2, "variable " + var->name() + " stopping on " + parent->str());
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

static void removeValues(std::list<ValueFlow::Value> &values, const std::list<ValueFlow::Value> &valuesToRemove)
{
    for (std::list<ValueFlow::Value>::iterator it = values.begin(); it != values.end();) {
        bool found = false;
        for (std::list<ValueFlow::Value>::const_iterator it2 = valuesToRemove.begin(); it2 != valuesToRemove.end(); ++it2) {
            if (it->intvalue == it2->intvalue) {
                found = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (found)
            values.erase(it++);
        else
            ++it;
    }
}

static bool valueFlowForward(Token * const               startToken,
                             const Token * const         endToken,
                             const Variable * const      var,
                             const unsigned int          varid,
                             std::list<ValueFlow::Value> values,
                             const bool                  constValue,
                             TokenList * const           tokenlist,
                             ErrorLogger * const         errorLogger,
                             const Settings * const      settings)
{
    int indentlevel = 0;
    unsigned int number_of_if = 0;
    int varusagelevel = -1;
    bool returnStatement = false;  // current statement is a return, stop analysis at the ";"
    bool read = false;  // is variable value read?

    for (Token *tok2 = startToken; tok2 && tok2 != endToken; tok2 = tok2->next()) {
        if (indentlevel >= 0 && tok2->str() == "{")
            ++indentlevel;
        else if (indentlevel >= 0 && tok2->str() == "}") {
            --indentlevel;
            if (indentlevel == 0 && isReturn(tok2) && Token::simpleMatch(tok2->link()->previous(), ") {")) {
                const Token *condition = tok2->link()->linkAt(-1)->astOperand2();
                if (!condition) {
                    if (settings->debugwarnings)
                        bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok2, "variable " + var->name() + " valueFlowForward, bailing out since it's unknown if conditional return is executed");
                    return false;
                }

                bool bailoutflag = false;
                for (std::list<ValueFlow::Value>::const_iterator it = values.begin(); it != values.end(); ++it) {
                    if (conditionIsTrue(condition, getProgramMemory(condition->astParent(), varid, *it))) {
                        bailoutflag = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (bailoutflag) {
                    if (settings->debugwarnings)
                        bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok2, "variable " + var->name() + " valueFlowForward, conditional return is assumed to be executed");
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }

        if (Token::Match(tok2, "sizeof|typeof|typeid ("))
            tok2 = tok2->linkAt(1);

        else if (Token::simpleMatch(tok2, "else {")) {
            // Should scope be skipped because variable value is checked?
            bool skipelse = false;
            const Token *condition = tok2->linkAt(-1);
            condition = condition ? condition->linkAt(-1) : nullptr;
            condition = condition ? condition->astOperand2() : nullptr;
            for (std::list<ValueFlow::Value>::iterator it = values.begin(); it != values.end(); ++it) {
                if (conditionIsTrue(condition, getProgramMemory(tok2, varid, *it))) {
                    skipelse = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (skipelse) {
                tok2 = tok2->linkAt(1);
                continue;
            }
        }

        // conditional block of code that assigns variable..
        else if (Token::Match(tok2, "%var% (") && Token::simpleMatch(tok2->linkAt(1), ") {")) {
            // is variable changed in condition?
            if (isVariableChanged(tok2->next(), tok2->next()->link(), varid)) {
                if (settings->debugwarnings)
                    bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok2, "variable " + var->name() + " valueFlowForward, assignment in condition");
                return false;
            }

            // Should scope be skipped because variable value is checked?
            std::list<ValueFlow::Value> truevalues;
            for (std::list<ValueFlow::Value>::iterator it = values.begin(); it != values.end(); ++it) {
                if (!conditionIsFalse(tok2->next()->astOperand2(), getProgramMemory(tok2, varid, *it)))
                    truevalues.push_back(*it);
            }
            if (truevalues.size() != values.size()) {
                // '{'
                Token * const startToken1 = tok2->linkAt(1)->next();

                valueFlowForward(startToken1->next(),
                                 startToken1->link(),
                                 var,
                                 varid,
                                 truevalues,
                                 constValue,
                                 tokenlist,
                                 errorLogger,
                                 settings);

                if (isVariableChanged(startToken1, startToken1->link(), varid))
                    removeValues(values, truevalues);

                // goto '}'
                tok2 = startToken1->link();
                continue;
            }

            Token * const start = tok2->linkAt(1)->next();
            Token * const end   = start->link();
            bool varusage = (indentlevel >= 0 && constValue && number_of_if == 0U) ?
                            isVariableChanged(start,end,varid) :
                            (nullptr != Token::findmatch(start, "%varid%", end, varid));
            if (!read) {
                read = bool(nullptr != Token::findmatch(tok2, "%varid% !!=", end, varid));
            }
            if (varusage) {
                varusagelevel = indentlevel;

                if (indentlevel < 0 && tok2->str() == "switch")
                    return false;

                // TODO: don't check noreturn scopes
                if (read && (number_of_if > 0U || Token::findmatch(tok2, "%varid%", start, varid))) {
                    // Set values in condition
                    const Token * const condend = tok2->linkAt(1);
                    for (Token *condtok = tok2; condtok != condend; condtok = condtok->next()) {
                        if (condtok->varId() == varid) {
                            std::list<ValueFlow::Value>::const_iterator it;
                            for (it = values.begin(); it != values.end(); ++it)
                                setTokenValue(condtok, *it);
                        }
                        if (Token::Match(condtok, "%oror%|&&"))
                            break;
                    }
                    if (settings->debugwarnings)
                        bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok2, "variable " + var->name() + " is assigned in conditional code");
                    return false;
                }

                if (var->isStatic()) {
                    if (settings->debugwarnings)
                        bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok2, "variable " + var->name() + " bailout when conditional code that contains var is seen");
                    return false;
                }

                // Remove conditional values
                std::list<ValueFlow::Value>::iterator it;
                for (it = values.begin(); it != values.end();) {
                    if (it->condition || it->conditional)
                        values.erase(it++);
                    else
                        ++it;
                }
            }

            // noreturn scopes..
            if ((number_of_if > 0 || Token::findmatch(tok2, "%varid%", start, varid)) &&
                (Token::findmatch(start, "return|continue|break|throw", end) ||
                 (Token::simpleMatch(end,"} else {") && Token::findmatch(end, "return|continue|break|throw", end->linkAt(2))))) {
                if (settings->debugwarnings)
                    bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok2, "variable " + var->name() + ". noreturn conditional scope.");
                return false;
            }

            if (isVariableChanged(start, end, varid)) {
                if ((!read || number_of_if == 0) &&
                    Token::simpleMatch(tok2, "if (") &&
                    !(Token::simpleMatch(end, "} else {") &&
                      (Token::findmatch(end, "%varid%", end->linkAt(2), varid) ||
                       Token::findmatch(end, "return|continue|break|throw", end->linkAt(2))))) {
                    ++number_of_if;
                    tok2 = end;
                } else {
                    bool bail = true;

                    // loop that conditionally set variable and then break => either loop condition is
                    // redundant or the variable can be unchanged after the loop.
                    bool loopCondition = false;
                    if (Token::simpleMatch(tok2, "while (") && Token::Match(tok2->next()->astOperand2(), "%op%"))
                        loopCondition = true;
                    else if (Token::simpleMatch(tok2, "for (") &&
                             Token::simpleMatch(tok2->next()->astOperand2(), ";") &&
                             Token::simpleMatch(tok2->next()->astOperand2()->astOperand2(), ";") &&
                             Token::Match(tok2->next()->astOperand2()->astOperand2()->astOperand1(), "%op%"))
                        loopCondition = true;
                    if (loopCondition) {
                        const Token *tok3 = Token::findmatch(start, "%varid%", end, varid);
                        if (Token::Match(tok3, "%varid% =", varid) &&
                            tok3->scope()->classEnd                &&
                            Token::Match(tok3->scope()->classEnd->tokAt(-3), "[;}] break ;") &&
                            !Token::findmatch(tok3->next(), "%varid%", end, varid)) {
                            bail = false;
                            tok2 = end;
                        }
                    }

                    if (bail) {
                        if (settings->debugwarnings)
                            bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok2, "variable " + var->name() + " is assigned in conditional code");
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        else if (tok2->str() == "}" && indentlevel == varusagelevel) {
            ++number_of_if;

            // Set "conditional" flag for all values
            std::list<ValueFlow::Value>::iterator it;
            for (it = values.begin(); it != values.end(); ++it)
                it->conditional = true;

            if (Token::simpleMatch(tok2,"} else {"))
                tok2 = tok2->linkAt(2);
        }

        else if (indentlevel <= 0 && Token::Match(tok2, "break|continue|goto")) {
            if (tok2->str() == "break") {
                const Scope *scope = tok2->scope();
                if (scope && scope->type == Scope::eSwitch) {
                    tok2 = const_cast<Token *>(scope->classEnd);
                    --indentlevel;
                    continue;
                }
            }
            if (settings->debugwarnings)
                bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok2, "variable " + var->name() + ". noreturn conditional scope.");
            return false;
        }

        else if (indentlevel <= 0 && Token::Match(tok2, "return|throw"))
            returnStatement = true;

        else if (returnStatement && tok2->str() == ";")
            return false;

        if (tok2->varId() == varid) {
            // bailout: assignment
            if (Token::Match(tok2->previous(), "!!* %var% %op%") && tok2->next()->isAssignmentOp()) {
                // simplify rhs
                for (Token *tok3 = tok2->tokAt(2); tok3; tok3 = tok3->next()) {
                    if (tok3->varId() == varid) {
                        std::list<ValueFlow::Value>::const_iterator it;
                        for (it = values.begin(); it != values.end(); ++it)
                            setTokenValue(tok3, *it);
                    } else if (Token::Match(tok3, "++|--|?|:|;"))
                        break;
                }
                if (settings->debugwarnings)
                    bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok2, "assignment of " + tok2->str());
                return false;
            }

            // bailout increment/decrement for now..
            if (Token::Match(tok2->previous(), "++|-- %var%") || Token::Match(tok2, "%var% ++|--")) {
                if (settings->debugwarnings)
                    bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok2, "increment/decrement of " + tok2->str());
                return false;
            }

            // bailout: possible assignment using >>
            if (Token::Match(tok2->previous(), ">> %var% >>|;")) {
                const Token *parent = tok2->previous();
                while (Token::simpleMatch(parent,">>"))
                    parent = parent->astParent();
                if (!parent) {
                    if (settings->debugwarnings)
                        bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok2, "Possible assignment of " + tok2->str() + " using >>");
                    return false;
                }
            }

            // skip if variable is conditionally used in ?: expression
            if (const Token *parent = skipValueInConditionalExpression(tok2)) {
                if (settings->debugwarnings)
                    bailout(tokenlist,
                            errorLogger,
                            tok2,
                            "no simplification of " + tok2->str() + " within " + (Token::Match(parent,"[?:]") ? "?:" : parent->str()) + " expression");
                const Token *astTop = parent->astTop();
                if (Token::simpleMatch(astTop->astOperand1(), "for ("))
                    tok2 = const_cast<Token*>(astTop->link());
                continue;
            }

            {
                std::list<ValueFlow::Value>::const_iterator it;
                for (it = values.begin(); it != values.end(); ++it)
                    setTokenValue(tok2, *it);
            }

            // bailout if address of var is taken..
            if (tok2->astParent() && tok2->astParent()->str() == "&" && !tok2->astParent()->astOperand2()) {
                if (settings->debugwarnings)
                    bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok2, "Taking address of " + tok2->str());
                return false;
            }

            // bailout if reference is created..
            if (tok2->astParent() && Token::Match(tok2->astParent()->tokAt(-2), "& %var% =")) {
                if (settings->debugwarnings)
                    bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok2, "Reference of " + tok2->str());
                return false;
            }

            // assigned by subfunction?
            bool inconclusive = false;
            if (bailoutFunctionPar(tok2, ValueFlow::Value(), settings, &inconclusive)) {
                if (settings->debugwarnings)
                    bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok2, "possible assignment of " + tok2->str() + " by subfunction");
                return false;
            }
            if (inconclusive) {
                std::list<ValueFlow::Value>::iterator it;
                for (it = values.begin(); it != values.end(); ++it)
                    it->inconclusive = true;
            }
        }
    }
    return true;
}

static void valueFlowAfterAssign(TokenList *tokenlist, ErrorLogger *errorLogger, const Settings *settings)
{
    for (Token *tok = tokenlist->front(); tok; tok = tok->next()) {
        // Assignment
        if ((tok->str() != "=") || (tok->astParent()))
            continue;

        // Lhs should be a variable
        if (!tok->astOperand1() || !tok->astOperand1()->isName())
            continue;
        const unsigned int varid = tok->astOperand1()->varId();
        if (varid == 0U)
            continue;
        const Variable *var = tok->astOperand1()->variable();
        if (!var || !var->isLocal())
            continue;

        const Token * const endOfVarScope = var->typeStartToken()->scope()->classEnd;

        // Rhs values..
        if (!tok->astOperand2() || tok->astOperand2()->values.empty())
            continue;

        const std::list<ValueFlow::Value>& values = tok->astOperand2()->values;
        const bool constValue = tok->astOperand2()->isNumber();
        valueFlowForward(tok, endOfVarScope, var, varid, values, constValue, tokenlist, errorLogger, settings);
    }
}

static void valueFlowAfterCondition(TokenList *tokenlist, ErrorLogger *errorLogger, const Settings *settings)
{
    for (Token *tok = tokenlist->front(); tok; tok = tok->next()) {
        const Token *vartok, *numtok;

        // Comparison
        if (Token::Match(tok,"==|!=|>=|<=")) {
            if (!tok->astOperand1() || !tok->astOperand2())
                continue;
            if (tok->astOperand1()->isNumber()) {
                numtok = tok->astOperand1();
                vartok = tok->astOperand2();
            } else {
                numtok = tok->astOperand2();
                vartok = tok->astOperand1();
            }
            if (vartok->str() == "=" && vartok->astOperand1() && vartok->astOperand2())
                vartok = vartok->astOperand1();
            if (!vartok->isName() || !numtok->isNumber() || !MathLib::isInt(numtok->str()))
                continue;
        } else if (tok->str() == "!") {
            vartok = tok->astOperand1();
            numtok = nullptr;
            if (!vartok || !vartok->isName())
                continue;

        } else if (tok->isName() &&
                   (Token::Match(tok->astParent(), "%oror%|&&") ||
                    Token::Match(tok->tokAt(-2), "if|while ( %var% [)=]"))) {
            vartok = tok;
            numtok = nullptr;

        } else {
            continue;
        }

        const unsigned int varid = vartok->varId();
        if (varid == 0U)
            continue;
        const Variable *var = vartok->variable();
        if (!var || !(var->isLocal() || var->isArgument()))
            continue;
        std::list<ValueFlow::Value> values;
        values.push_back(ValueFlow::Value(tok, numtok ? MathLib::toLongNumber(numtok->str()) : 0LL));

        if (Token::Match(tok->astParent(), "%oror%|&&")) {
            Token *parent = const_cast<Token*>(tok->astParent());
            const std::string &op(parent->str());

            if (parent->astOperand1() == tok &&
                ((op == "&&" && Token::Match(tok, "==|>=|<=|!")) ||
                 (op == "||" && Token::Match(tok, "%var%|!=")))) {
                bool assign = false;
                for (; !assign && parent && parent->str() == op; parent = const_cast<Token*>(parent->astParent())) {
                    std::stack<Token *> tokens;
                    tokens.push(const_cast<Token*>(parent->astOperand2()));
                    while (!tokens.empty()) {
                        Token *rhstok = tokens.top();
                        tokens.pop();
                        if (!rhstok)
                            continue;
                        tokens.push(const_cast<Token*>(rhstok->astOperand1()));
                        tokens.push(const_cast<Token*>(rhstok->astOperand2()));
                        if (rhstok->varId() == varid)
                            setTokenValue(rhstok, values.front());
                        if (Token::Match(rhstok, "++|--|=") && Token::Match(rhstok->astOperand1(),"%varid%",varid)) {
                            assign = true;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    while (parent->astParent() && parent == parent->astParent()->astOperand2())
                        parent = const_cast<Token*>(parent->astParent());
                }
            }
        }

        const Token *top = tok->astTop();
        if (top && Token::Match(top->previous(), "if|while (") && !top->previous()->isExpandedMacro()) {
            // does condition reassign variable?
            if (tok != top->astOperand2() &&
                Token::Match(top->astOperand2(), "%oror%|&&") &&
                isVariableChanged(top,top->link(),varid)) {
                if (settings->debugwarnings)
                    bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok, "assignment in condition");
                continue;
            }

            // start token of conditional code
            Token *startToken = nullptr;

            // based on the comparison, should we check the if or while?
            int codeblock = 0;
            if (Token::Match(tok, "==|>=|<=|!"))
                codeblock = 1;
            else if (Token::Match(tok, "%var%|!="))
                codeblock = 2;

            // determine startToken based on codeblock
            if (codeblock > 0) {
                // if astParent is "!" we need to invert codeblock
                const Token *parent = tok->astParent();
                while (parent && parent->str() == "&&")
                    parent = parent->astParent();
                if (parent && parent->str() == "!")
                    codeblock = (codeblock == 1) ? 2 : 1;

                // convert codeblock to a startToken
                if (codeblock == 1 && Token::simpleMatch(top->link(), ") {"))
                    startToken = top->link()->next();
                else if (Token::simpleMatch(top->link()->linkAt(1), "} else {"))
                    startToken = top->link()->linkAt(1)->tokAt(2);
            }

            bool ok = true;
            if (startToken)
                ok = valueFlowForward(startToken->next(), startToken->link(), var, varid, values, true, tokenlist, errorLogger, settings);

            // After conditional code..
            if (ok && Token::simpleMatch(top->link(), ") {")) {
                Token *after = top->link()->linkAt(1);
                std::string unknownFunction;
                if (settings->library.isScopeNoReturn(after,&unknownFunction)) {
                    if (settings->debugwarnings && !unknownFunction.empty())
                        bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, after, "possible noreturn scope");
                    continue;
                }

                bool isreturn = (codeblock == 1 && isReturn(after));

                if (Token::simpleMatch(after, "} else {")) {
                    after = after->linkAt(2);
                    if (Token::simpleMatch(after->tokAt(-2), ") ; }")) {
                        if (settings->debugwarnings)
                            bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, after, "possible noreturn scope");
                        continue;
                    }
                    isreturn |= (codeblock == 2 && isReturn(after));
                }

                if (!isreturn) {
                    // TODO: constValue could be true if there are no assignments in the conditional blocks and
                    //       perhaps if there are no && and no || in the condition
                    bool constValue = false;
                    valueFlowForward(after->next(), top->scope()->classEnd, var, varid, values, constValue, tokenlist, errorLogger, settings);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

static void execute(const Token *expr,
                    std::map<unsigned int, MathLib::bigint> * const programMemory,
                    MathLib::bigint *result,
                    bool *error)
{
    if (!expr)
        *error = true;

    else if (expr->isNumber()) {
        *result = MathLib::toLongNumber(expr->str());
        if (MathLib::isFloat(expr->str()))
            *error = true;
    }

    else if (expr->varId() > 0) {
        const std::map<unsigned int, MathLib::bigint>::const_iterator var = programMemory->find(expr->varId());
        if (var == programMemory->end())
            *error = true;
        else
            *result = var->second;
    }

    else if (expr->isComparisonOp()) {
        MathLib::bigint result1(0), result2(0);
        execute(expr->astOperand1(), programMemory, &result1, error);
        execute(expr->astOperand2(), programMemory, &result2, error);
        if (expr->str() == "<")
            *result = result1 < result2;
        else if (expr->str() == "<=")
            *result = result1 <= result2;
        else if (expr->str() == ">")
            *result = result1 > result2;
        else if (expr->str() == ">=")
            *result = result1 >= result2;
        else if (expr->str() == "==")
            *result = result1 == result2;
        else if (expr->str() == "!=")
            *result = result1 != result2;
    }

    else if (expr->str() == "=") {
        execute(expr->astOperand2(), programMemory, result, error);
        if (!*error && expr->astOperand1() && expr->astOperand1()->varId())
            (*programMemory)[expr->astOperand1()->varId()] = *result;
        else
            *error = true;
    }

    else if (Token::Match(expr, "++|--")) {
        if (!expr->astOperand1() || expr->astOperand1()->varId() == 0U)
            *error = true;
        else {
            std::map<unsigned int, MathLib::bigint>::iterator var = programMemory->find(expr->astOperand1()->varId());
            if (var == programMemory->end())
                *error = true;
            else {
                if (var->second == 0 &&
                    expr->str() == "--" &&
                    expr->astOperand1()->variable() &&
                    expr->astOperand1()->variable()->typeStartToken()->isUnsigned())
                    *error = true; // overflow
                *result = var->second + (expr->str() == "++" ? 1 : -1);
                var->second = *result;
            }
        }
    }

    else if (expr->isArithmeticalOp() && expr->astOperand1() && expr->astOperand2()) {
        MathLib::bigint result1(0), result2(0);
        execute(expr->astOperand1(), programMemory, &result1, error);
        execute(expr->astOperand2(), programMemory, &result2, error);
        if (expr->str() == "+")
            *result = result1 + result2;
        else if (expr->str() == "-")
            *result = result1 - result2;
        else if (expr->str() == "*")
            *result = result1 * result2;
        else if (result2 == 0)
            *error = true;
        else if (expr->str() == "/")
            *result = result1 / result2;
        else if (expr->str() == "%")
            *result = result1 % result2;
    }

    else if (expr->str() == "&&") {
        bool error1 = false;
        execute(expr->astOperand1(), programMemory, result, &error1);
        if (!error1 && *result == 0)
            *result = 0;
        else {
            bool error2 = false;
            execute(expr->astOperand2(), programMemory, result, &error2);
            if (error1 && error2)
                *error = true;
            if (error2)
                *result = 1;
            else
                *result = !!*result;
        }
    }

    else if (expr->str() == "||") {
        execute(expr->astOperand1(), programMemory, result, error);
        if (*result == 0 && *error == false)
            execute(expr->astOperand2(), programMemory, result, error);
    }

    else if (expr->str() == "!") {
        execute(expr->astOperand1(), programMemory, result, error);
        *result = !(*result);
    }

    else if (expr->str() == "," && expr->astOperand1() && expr->astOperand2()) {
        execute(expr->astOperand1(), programMemory, result, error);
        execute(expr->astOperand2(), programMemory, result, error);
    }

    else
        *error = true;
}

static bool valueFlowForLoop1(const Token *tok, unsigned int * const varid, MathLib::bigint * const num1, MathLib::bigint * const num2, MathLib::bigint * const numAfter)
{
    tok = tok->tokAt(2);
    if (!Token::Match(tok,"%type%| %var% ="))
        return false;
    const Token * const vartok = Token::Match(tok, "%var% =") ? tok : tok->next();
    if (vartok->varId() == 0U)
        return false;
    *varid = vartok->varId();
    const Token * const num1tok = Token::Match(vartok->tokAt(2), "%num% ;") ? vartok->tokAt(2) : nullptr;
    if (num1tok)
        *num1 = MathLib::toLongNumber(num1tok->str());
    tok = vartok->tokAt(2);
    while (Token::Match(tok, "%var%|%num%|%or%|+|-|*|/|&|[|]|("))
        tok = (tok->str() == "(") ? tok->link()->next() : tok->next();
    if (!tok || tok->str() != ";")
        return false;
    tok = tok->next();
    const Token *num2tok = nullptr;
    if (Token::Match(tok, "%varid% <|<=|!=", vartok->varId())) {
        tok = tok->next();
        num2tok = tok->astOperand2();
        if (num2tok && num2tok->str() == "(" && !num2tok->astOperand2())
            num2tok = num2tok->astOperand1();
        if (!Token::Match(num2tok, "%num%"))
            num2tok = 0;
    }
    if (!num2tok)
        return false;
    *num2 = MathLib::toLongNumber(num2tok->str()) - ((tok->str()=="<=") ? 0 : 1);
    *numAfter = MathLib::toLongNumber(num2tok->str()) + ((tok->str()=="<=") ? 1 : 0);
    if (!num1tok)
        *num1 = *num2;
    while (tok && tok->str() != ";")
        tok = tok->next();
    if (!Token::Match(tok, "; %varid% ++ ) {", vartok->varId()))
        return false;
    return true;
}

static bool valueFlowForLoop2(const Token *tok,
                              std::map<unsigned int, MathLib::bigint> *memory1,
                              std::map<unsigned int, MathLib::bigint> *memory2,
                              std::map<unsigned int, MathLib::bigint> *memoryAfter)
{
    const Token *firstExpression  = tok->next()->astOperand2()->astOperand1();
    const Token *secondExpression = tok->next()->astOperand2()->astOperand2()->astOperand1();
    const Token *thirdExpression = tok->next()->astOperand2()->astOperand2()->astOperand2();

    std::map<unsigned int, MathLib::bigint> programMemory;
    MathLib::bigint result(0);
    bool error = false;
    execute(firstExpression, &programMemory, &result, &error);
    if (error)
        return false;
    execute(secondExpression, &programMemory, &result, &error);
    if (error) {
        // If a variable is reassigned in second expression, return false
        std::stack<const Token *> tokens;
        tokens.push(secondExpression);
        while (!tokens.empty()) {
            const Token *t = tokens.top();
            tokens.pop();
            if (!t)
                continue;
            if (t->str() == "=" && t->astOperand1() && programMemory.find(t->astOperand1()->varId()) != programMemory.end())
                // TODO: investigate what variable is assigned.
                return false;
            tokens.push(t->astOperand1());
            tokens.push(t->astOperand2());
        }
    }

    std::map<unsigned int, MathLib::bigint> startMemory(programMemory);
    std::map<unsigned int, MathLib::bigint> endMemory;

    unsigned int maxcount = 10000;
    while (result != 0 && !error && --maxcount) {
        endMemory = programMemory;
        execute(thirdExpression, &programMemory, &result, &error);
        if (!error)
            execute(secondExpression, &programMemory, &result, &error);
    }

    memory1->swap(startMemory);
    if (!error) {
        memory2->swap(endMemory);
        memoryAfter->swap(programMemory);
    }

    return true;
}

static void valueFlowForLoopSimplify(Token * const bodyStart, const unsigned int varid, const MathLib::bigint value, TokenList *tokenlist, ErrorLogger *errorLogger, const Settings *settings)
{
    const Token * const bodyEnd = bodyStart->link();

    // Is variable modified inside for loop
    if (isVariableChanged(bodyStart, bodyEnd, varid))
        return;

    for (Token *tok2 = bodyStart->next(); tok2 != bodyEnd; tok2 = tok2->next()) {
        if (tok2->varId() == varid) {
            const Token * parent = tok2->astParent();
            while (parent) {
                const Token * const p = parent;
                parent = parent->astParent();
                if (!parent || parent->str() == ":")
                    break;
                if (parent->str() == "?") {
                    if (parent->astOperand2() != p)
                        parent = NULL;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (parent) {
                if (settings->debugwarnings)
                    bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok2, "For loop variable " + tok2->str() + " stopping on ?");
                continue;
            }

            ValueFlow::Value value1(value);
            value1.varId = tok2->varId();
            setTokenValue(tok2, value1);
        }

        if (Token::Match(tok2, "%oror%|&&")) {
            const std::map<unsigned int, MathLib::bigint> programMemory(getProgramMemory(tok2->astTop(), varid, value));
            if ((tok2->str() == "&&" && conditionIsFalse(tok2->astOperand1(), programMemory)) ||
                (tok2->str() == "||" && conditionIsTrue(tok2->astOperand1(), programMemory))) {
                // Skip second expression..
                const Token *parent = tok2;
                while (parent && parent->str() == tok2->str())
                    parent = parent->astParent();
                // Jump to end of condition
                if (parent && parent->str() == "(") {
                    tok2 = parent->link();
                    // cast
                    if (Token::simpleMatch(tok2, ") ("))
                        tok2 = tok2->linkAt(1);
                }
            }

        }
        if ((tok2->str() == "&&" && conditionIsFalse(tok2->astOperand1(), getProgramMemory(tok2->astTop(), varid, value))) ||
            (tok2->str() == "||" && conditionIsTrue(tok2->astOperand1(), getProgramMemory(tok2->astTop(), varid, value))))
            break;

        else if (Token::simpleMatch(tok2, ") {") && Token::findmatch(tok2->link(), "%varid%", tok2, varid)) {
            if (Token::findmatch(tok2, "continue|break|return", tok2->linkAt(1), varid)) {
                if (settings->debugwarnings)
                    bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok2, "For loop variable bailout on conditional continue|break|return");
                break;
            }
            if (settings->debugwarnings)
                bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok2, "For loop variable skipping conditional scope");
            tok2 = tok2->next()->link();
            if (Token::simpleMatch(tok2, "} else {")) {
                if (Token::findmatch(tok2, "continue|break|return", tok2->linkAt(2), varid)) {
                    if (settings->debugwarnings)
                        bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok2, "For loop variable bailout on conditional continue|break|return");
                    break;
                }

                tok2 = tok2->linkAt(2);
            }
        }
    }
}

static void valueFlowForLoopSimplifyAfter(Token *fortok, unsigned int varid, const MathLib::bigint num, TokenList *tokenlist, ErrorLogger *errorLogger, const Settings *settings)
{
    const Token *vartok = nullptr;
    for (const Token *tok = fortok; tok; tok = tok->next()) {
        if (tok->varId() == varid) {
            vartok = tok;
            break;
        }
    }
    if (!vartok || !vartok->variable())
        return;

    const Variable *var = vartok->variable();
    const Token *endToken = nullptr;
    if (var->isLocal())
        endToken = var->typeStartToken()->scope()->classEnd;
    else
        endToken = fortok->scope()->classEnd;

    std::list<ValueFlow::Value> values;
    values.push_back(num);

    valueFlowForward(fortok->linkAt(1)->linkAt(1),
                     endToken,
                     var,
                     varid,
                     values,
                     false,
                     tokenlist,
                     errorLogger,
                     settings);
}

static void valueFlowForLoop(TokenList *tokenlist, ErrorLogger *errorLogger, const Settings *settings)
{
    for (Token *tok = tokenlist->front(); tok; tok = tok->next()) {
        if (!Token::simpleMatch(tok, "for (") ||
            !Token::simpleMatch(tok->next()->astOperand2(), ";") ||
            !Token::simpleMatch(tok->next()->astOperand2()->astOperand2(), ";"))
            continue;

        Token * const bodyStart = tok->linkAt(1)->next();
        if (!bodyStart || !bodyStart->link() || bodyStart->str() != "{")
            continue;

        unsigned int varid(0);
        MathLib::bigint num1(0), num2(0), numAfter(0);

        if (valueFlowForLoop1(tok, &varid, &num1, &num2, &numAfter)) {
            if (num1 > num2)
                continue;
            valueFlowForLoopSimplify(bodyStart, varid, num1, tokenlist, errorLogger, settings);
            valueFlowForLoopSimplify(bodyStart, varid, num2, tokenlist, errorLogger, settings);
            valueFlowForLoopSimplifyAfter(tok, varid, numAfter, tokenlist, errorLogger, settings);
        } else {
            std::map<unsigned int, MathLib::bigint> mem1, mem2, memAfter;
            if (valueFlowForLoop2(tok, &mem1, &mem2, &memAfter)) {
                std::map<unsigned int, MathLib::bigint>::const_iterator it;
                for (it = mem1.begin(); it != mem1.end(); ++it)
                    valueFlowForLoopSimplify(bodyStart, it->first, it->second, tokenlist, errorLogger, settings);
                for (it = mem2.begin(); it != mem2.end(); ++it)
                    valueFlowForLoopSimplify(bodyStart, it->first, it->second, tokenlist, errorLogger, settings);
                for (it = memAfter.begin(); it != memAfter.end(); ++it)
                    valueFlowForLoopSimplifyAfter(tok, it->first, it->second, tokenlist, errorLogger, settings);
            }
        }
    }
}

static void valueFlowSubFunction(TokenList *tokenlist, ErrorLogger *errorLogger, const Settings *settings)
{
    for (Token *tok = tokenlist->front(); tok; tok = tok->next()) {
        if (!Token::Match(tok, "%var% ("))
            continue;

        const Function * const currentFunction = tok->function();
        if (!currentFunction)
            continue;

        // Function scope..
        const Scope * const functionScope = currentFunction->functionScope;
        if (!functionScope)
            continue;

        unsigned int argnr = 0U;
        for (const Token *argtok = tok->tokAt(2); argtok; argtok = argtok->nextArgument()) {
            // Get function argument
            const Variable * const arg = currentFunction->getArgumentVar(argnr++);
            if (!arg)
                break;

            std::list<ValueFlow::Value> argvalues;

            // passing value(s) to function
            if (!argtok->values.empty() && Token::Match(argtok, "%var%|%num%|%str% [,)]"))
                argvalues = argtok->values;
            else {
                // bool operator => values 1/0 are passed to function..
                const Token *op = argtok;
                while (op && op->astParent() && !Token::Match(op->astParent(), "[(,]"))
                    op = op->astParent();
                if (Token::Match(op, "%comp%|%oror%|&&|!")) {
                    argvalues.clear();
                    argvalues.push_back(ValueFlow::Value(0));
                    argvalues.push_back(ValueFlow::Value(1));
                } else if (Token::Match(op, "%cop%") && !op->values.empty()) {
                    argvalues = op->values;
                } else {
                    // possible values are unknown..
                    continue;
                }
            }

            // Is argument passed by value?
            if (!Token::Match(arg->typeStartToken(), "%type% %var% ,|)") &&
                !Token::Match(arg->typeStartToken(), "const| struct| %type% * %var% ,|)"))
                continue;

            // Set value in function scope..
            const unsigned int varid2 = arg->declarationId();
            for (const Token *tok2 = functionScope->classStart->next(); tok2 != functionScope->classEnd; tok2 = tok2->next()) {
                if (Token::Match(tok2, "%varid% !!=", varid2)) {
                    for (std::list<ValueFlow::Value>::const_iterator val = argvalues.begin(); val != argvalues.end(); ++val)
                        setTokenValue(const_cast<Token*>(tok2), *val);
                } else if (Token::Match(tok2, "%oror%|&&|{|?")) {
                    if (settings->debugwarnings)
                        bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok2, "parameter " + arg->name() + ", at '" + tok2->str() + "'");
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

static bool constval(const Token * tok)
{
    return tok && tok->values.size() == 1U && tok->values.front().varId == 0U;
}

static void valueFlowFunctionReturn(TokenList *tokenlist, ErrorLogger *errorLogger, const Settings *settings)
{
    for (Token *tok = tokenlist->front(); tok; tok = tok->next()) {
        if (tok->str() != "(" || !tok->astOperand1() || !tok->astOperand1()->function())
            continue;

        // Arguments..
        std::vector<MathLib::bigint> parvalues;
        {
            const Token *partok = tok->astOperand2();
            while (partok && partok->str() == "," && constval(partok->astOperand2()))
                partok = partok->astOperand1();
            if (!constval(partok))
                continue;
            parvalues.push_back(partok->values.front().intvalue);
            partok = partok->astParent();
            while (partok && partok->str() == ",") {
                parvalues.push_back(partok->astOperand2()->values.front().intvalue);
                partok = partok->astParent();
            }
            if (partok != tok)
                continue;
        }

        // Get scope and args of function
        const Function * const function = tok->astOperand1()->function();
        const Scope * const functionScope = function ? function->functionScope : nullptr;
        if (!functionScope || !Token::simpleMatch(functionScope->classStart, "{ return")) {
            if (functionScope && settings->debugwarnings)
                bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok, "function return; nontrivial function body");
            continue;
        }

        std::map<unsigned int, MathLib::bigint> programMemory;
        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < parvalues.size(); ++i) {
            const Variable * const arg = function->getArgumentVar(i);
            if (!arg || !Token::Match(arg->typeStartToken(), "%type% %var% ,|)")) {
                if (settings->debugwarnings)
                    bailout(tokenlist, errorLogger, tok, "function return; unhandled argument type");
                programMemory.clear();
                break;
            }
            programMemory[arg->declarationId()] = parvalues[i];
        }
        if (programMemory.empty())
            continue;

        // Determine return value of subfunction..
        MathLib::bigint result = 0;
        bool error = false;
        execute(functionScope->classStart->next()->astOperand1(),
                &programMemory,
                &result,
                &error);
        if (!error)
            setTokenValue(tok, ValueFlow::Value(result));
    }
}

void ValueFlow::setValues(TokenList *tokenlist, ErrorLogger *errorLogger, const Settings *settings)
{
    for (Token *tok = tokenlist->front(); tok; tok = tok->next())
        tok->values.clear();

    valueFlowNumber(tokenlist);
    valueFlowString(tokenlist);
    valueFlowPointerAlias(tokenlist);
    valueFlowFunctionReturn(tokenlist, errorLogger, settings);
    valueFlowBitAnd(tokenlist);
    valueFlowForLoop(tokenlist, errorLogger, settings);
    valueFlowBeforeCondition(tokenlist, errorLogger, settings);
    valueFlowAfterAssign(tokenlist, errorLogger, settings);
    valueFlowAfterCondition(tokenlist, errorLogger, settings);
    valueFlowSubFunction(tokenlist, errorLogger, settings);
}