cppcheck/test/testuninitvar.cpp

/*
 * Cppcheck - A tool for static C/C++ code analysis
 * Copyright (C) 2007-2016 Cppcheck team.
 *
 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

#include "checkuninitvar.h"
#include "library.h"
#include "settings.h"
#include "testsuite.h"
#include "tokenize.h"

#include <sstream>
#include <string>

struct InternalError;


class TestUninitVar : public TestFixture {
public:
    TestUninitVar() : TestFixture("TestUninitVar") {
    }

private:
    Settings settings;

    void run() {
        LOAD_LIB_2(settings.library, "std.cfg");

        TEST_CASE(uninitvar1);
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar_decl);      // handling various types in C and C++ files
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar_bitop);     // using uninitialized operand in bit operation
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar_alloc);     // data is allocated but not initialized
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar_arrays);    // arrays
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar_class);     // class/struct
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar_enum);      // enum variables
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar_if);        // handling if
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar_loops);     // handling for/while
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar_switch);    // handling switch
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar_references); // references
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar_return);    // return
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar_assign);    // = {..}
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar_strncpy);   // strncpy doesn't always null-terminate
        TEST_CASE(func_uninit_var);     // analyse function calls for: 'int a(int x) { return x+x; }'
        TEST_CASE(func_uninit_pointer); // analyse function calls for: 'void a(int *p) { *p = 0; }'
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar_typeof);    // typeof
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar2);
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar3);          // #3844
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar4);          // #3869 (reference)
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar5);          // #3861
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar2_func);     // function calls
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar2_value);    // value flow
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar2_structmembers); // struct members
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar2_while);
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar2_4494);      // #4494
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar2_malloc);    // malloc returns uninitialized data
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar8); // ticket #6230
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar9); // ticket #6424
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar_unconditionalTry);
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar_funcptr); // #6404
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar_operator); // #6680
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar_ternaryexpression); // #4683
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar_pointertoarray);
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar_cpp11ArrayInit); // #7010
        TEST_CASE(uninitvar_rangeBasedFor); // #7078
        TEST_CASE(trac_4871);
        TEST_CASE(syntax_error); // Ticket #5073
        TEST_CASE(trac_5970);
        TEST_CASE(valueFlowUninit);

        TEST_CASE(isVariableUsageDeref); // *p

        // dead pointer
        TEST_CASE(deadPointer);
    }

    void checkUninitVar(const char code[], const char fname[] = "test.cpp", bool debugwarnings = false) {
        // Clear the error buffer..
        errout.str("");

        // Tokenize..
        settings.debugwarnings = debugwarnings;
        Tokenizer tokenizer(&settings, this);
        std::istringstream istr(code);
        tokenizer.tokenize(istr, fname);

        tokenizer.simplifyTokenList2();

        // Check for redundant code..
        CheckUninitVar checkuninitvar(&tokenizer, &settings, this);
        checkuninitvar.check();

        settings.debugwarnings = false;
        settings.experimental = true;
    }

    void uninitvar1() {
        // Ticket #2207 - False negative
        checkUninitVar("void foo() {\n"
                       "    int a;\n"
                       "    b = c - a;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: a\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void foo() {\n"
                       "    int a;\n"
                       "    b = a - c;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: a\n", errout.str());

        // Ticket #6455 - some compilers allow const variables to be uninitialized
        checkUninitVar("void foo() {\n"
                       "    const int a;\n"
                       "    b = c - a;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: a\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void foo() {\n"
                       "    int *p;\n"
                       "    realloc(p,10);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: p\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void foo() {\n" // #5240
                       "    char *p = malloc(100);\n"
                       "    char *tmp = realloc(p,1000);\n"
                       "    if (!tmp) free(p);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void foo() {\n"
                       "    int *p = NULL;\n"
                       "    realloc(p,10);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // dereferencing uninitialized pointer..
        checkUninitVar("static void foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    Foo *p;\n"
                       "    p->abcd();\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: p\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("static void foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    Foo<int> *p;\n"
                       "    p->abcd();\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: p\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f(Foo *p)\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int a;\n"
                       "    p->a = malloc(4 * a);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: a\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("static void foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int *p;\n"
                       "    delete p;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: p\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("static void foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int *p;\n"
                       "    delete [] p;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: p\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("static void foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int *p;\n"
                       "    *p = 135;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: p\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("static void foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int *p;\n"
                       "    p[0] = 135;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: p\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("static void foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int *x;\n"
                       "    int y = *x;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: x\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("static void foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int *x;\n"
                       "    int &y(*x);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: x\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    int *y = &x;\n"
                       "}", "test.cpp", false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int *x;\n"
                       "    int *&y = x;\n"
                       "}", "test.cpp", false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int x = xyz::x;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int a;\n"
                       "    a = 5 + a;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: a\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int a;\n"
                       "    a++;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: a\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    extern int a;\n"
                       "    a++;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int a;\n"
                       "    bar(4 * a);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: a\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("static void foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    if (i);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: i\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("static void foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    for (int x = 0; i < 10; x++);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: i\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("static void foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    for (int x = 0; x < 10; i++);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: i\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("static int foo(int x)\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    if (x)\n"
                       "        i = 0;\n"
                       "    i++;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6]: (error) Uninitialized variable: i\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("static void foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int ar[10];\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    ar[i] = 0;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Uninitialized variable: i\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("static void foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int x, y;\n"
                       "    x = (y = 10);\n"
                       "    int z = y * 2;\n"
                       "}", "test.cpp", false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("static void foo() {\n"
                       "    int x, y;\n"
                       "    x = ((y) = 10);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // Ticket #3597
        checkUninitVar("int f() {\n"
                       "    int a;\n"
                       "    int b = 1;\n"
                       "    (b += a) = 1;\n"
                       "}");
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: a\n","", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int f() {\n"
                       "    int a,b,c;\n"
                       "    a = b = c;\n"
                       "}", "test.cpp", /*verify=*/ false);
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: c\n", "", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("static void foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    Foo p;\n"
                       "    p.abcd();\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("static void foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    Foo p;\n"
                       "    int x = p.abcd();\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // Unknown types
        {
            checkUninitVar("void a()\n"
                           "{\n"
                           "    A ret;\n"
                           "    return ret;\n"
                           "}");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

            checkUninitVar("void a()\n"
                           "{\n"
                           "    A ret;\n"
                           "    return ret;\n"
                           "}\n",
                           "test.c");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.c:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: ret\n", errout.str());

            // #3916 - avoid false positive
            checkUninitVar("void f(float x) {\n"
                           "  union lf { long l; float f; } u_lf;\n"
                           "  float hx = (u_lf.f = (x), u_lf.l);\n"
                           "}",
                           "test.c", false);
            ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        }

        checkUninitVar("void a()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int x[10];\n"
                       "    int *y = x;\n"
                       "}", "test.cpp", false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void a()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    int *y = &x;\n"
                       "    *y = 0;\n"
                       "    x++;\n"
                       "}", "test.cpp", false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void a()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    char x[10], y[10];\n"
                       "    char *z = x;\n"
                       "    memset(z, 0, sizeof(x));\n"
                       "    memcpy(y, x, sizeof(x));\n"
                       "}", "test.cpp", false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // Handling >> and <<
        {
            checkUninitVar("int a() {\n"
                           "    int ret;\n"
                           "    std::cin >> ret;\n"
                           "    ret++;\n"
                           "}");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

            checkUninitVar("void f(int b) {\n"
                           "    int a;\n"
                           "    std::cin >> b >> a;\n"
                           "    return a;"
                           "}");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

            checkUninitVar("void f(int i) {\n"
                           "    int a;\n"
                           "    i >> a;\n"
                           "}");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: a\n", errout.str());

            checkUninitVar("int a() {\n"
                           "    int ret;\n"
                           "    int a = value >> ret;\n"
                           "}\n",
                           "test.c");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.c:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: ret\n", errout.str());

            checkUninitVar("void foo() {\n"   // #3707
                           "    Node node;\n"
                           "    int x;\n"
                           "    node[\"abcd\"] >> x;\n"
                           "}");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

            checkUninitVar("int a(FArchive &arc) {\n"   // #3060 (initialization through operator<<)
                           "    int *p;\n"
                           "    arc << p;\n"
                           "    return *p;\n"
                           "}");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

            checkUninitVar("void a() {\n"
                           "    int ret;\n"
                           "    a = value << ret;\n"
                           "}\n",
                           "test.c");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.c:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: ret\n", errout.str());

            // #4320
            checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                           "    int a;\n"
                           "    a << 1;\n"
                           "    return a;\n"
                           "}");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

            // #4673
            checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                           "    int a;\n"
                           "    std::cout << a;\n"
                           "}");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: a\n", errout.str());

            checkUninitVar("void f(std::ostringstream& os) {\n"
                           "    int a;\n"
                           "    os << a;\n"
                           "}");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: a\n", errout.str());

            checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                           "    int a;\n"
                           "    std::cout << 1 << a;\n"
                           "}");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: a\n", errout.str());

            checkUninitVar("void f(std::ostringstream& os) {\n"
                           "    int a;\n"
                           "    os << 1 << a;\n"
                           "}");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: a\n", errout.str());
        }

        checkUninitVar("void a() {\n"   // asm
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    asm();\n"
                       "    x++;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void a()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int x[10];\n"
                       "    struct xyz xyz1 = { .x = x };\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void a()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    struct S *s;\n"
                       "    s->x = 0;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: s\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "   char *buf = malloc(100);\n"
                       "   struct ABC *abc = buf;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("class Fred {\n"
                       "public:\n"
                       "    FILE *f;\n"
                       "    ~Fred();\n"
                       "}\n"
                       "Fred::~Fred()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    fclose(f);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int c;\n"
                       "    ab(sizeof(xyz), &c);\n"
                       "    if (c);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int c;\n"
                       "    a = (f2(&c));\n"
                       "    c++;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f(int a)\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    if (a) {\n"
                       "        char *p;\n"
                       "        *p = 0;\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Uninitialized variable: p\n", errout.str());

        // +=
        checkUninitVar("void f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int c;\n"
                       "    c += 2;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: c\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int a[10];\n"
                       "    a[0] = 10 - a[1];\n"
                       "}");
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: a\n", "", errout.str());

        // goto/setjmp/longjmp..
        checkUninitVar("void foo(int x)\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    long b;\n"
                       "    if (g()) {\n"
                       "        b =2;\n"
                       "        goto found;\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "\n"
                       "    return;\n"
                       "\n"
                       "found:\n"
                       "    int a = b;\n"
                       "}", "test.cpp", false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    jmp_buf env;\n"
                       "    int a;\n"
                       "    int val = setjmp(env);\n"
                       "    if(val)\n"
                       "        return a;\n"
                       "    a = 1;\n"
                       "    longjmp(env, 1);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // macro_for..
        checkUninitVar("int foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "  int retval;\n"
                       "  if (condition) {\n"
                       "    for12(1,2) { }\n"
                       "    retval = 1;\n"
                       "  }\n"
                       "  else\n"
                       "    retval = 2;\n"
                       "  return retval;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    goto exit;\n"
                       "    i++;\n"
                       "exit:\n"
                       "}", "test.cpp", false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int foo() {\n"
                       "    int x,y=0;\n"
                       "again:\n"
                       "    if (y) return x;\n"
                       "    x = a;\n"
                       "    y = 1;\n"
                       "    goto again;\n"
                       "}", "test.c", false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // Ticket #3873 (false positive)
        checkUninitVar("MachineLoopRange *MachineLoopRanges::getLoopRange(const MachineLoop *Loop) {\n"
                       "  MachineLoopRange *&Range = Cache[Loop];\n"
                       "  if (!Range)\n"
                       "    Range = new MachineLoopRange(Loop, Allocator, *Indexes);\n"
                       "  return Range;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // #4040 - False positive
        checkUninitVar("int f(int x)  {\n"
                       "    int iter;\n"
                       "    {\n"
                       "        union\n"
                       "        {\n"
                       "            int asInt;\n"
                       "            double asDouble;\n"
                       "        };\n"
                       "\n"
                       "        iter = x;\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "    return 1 + iter;\n"
                       "}", "test.cpp", false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // C++11 style initialization
        checkUninitVar("int f() {\n"
                       "    int i = 0;\n"
                       "    int j{ i };\n"
                       "    return j;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // Ticket #5646
        checkUninitVar("float foo() {\n"
                       "  float source[2] = {3.1, 3.1};\n"
                       "  float (*sink)[2] = &source;\n"
                       "  return (*sink)[0];\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    // Handling of unknown types. Assume they are POD in C.
    void uninitvar_decl() {
        const char code[] = "void f() {\n"
                            "    dfs a;\n"
                            "    return a;\n"
                            "}";

        // Assume dfs is a non POD type if file is C++
        checkUninitVar(code, "test.cpp");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // Assume dfs is a POD type if file is C
        checkUninitVar(code, "test.c");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.c:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: a\n", errout.str());

        const char code2[] = "struct AB { int a,b; };\n"
                             "void f() {\n"
                             "    struct AB ab;\n"
                             "    return ab;\n"
                             "}";
        checkUninitVar(code2, "test.cpp");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        checkUninitVar(code2, "test.c");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.c:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: ab\n", errout.str());

        // Ticket #3890 - False positive for std::map
        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    std::map<int,bool> x;\n"
                       "    return x;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // Ticket #3906 - False positive for std::vector pointer
        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    std::vector<int> *x = NULL;\n"
                       "    return x;\n"
                       "}", "test.cpp", false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // Ticket #6701 - Variable name is a POD type according to cfg
        const char xmldata[] = "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n"
                               "<def format=\"1\">"
                               "  <podtype name=\"_tm\"/>"
                               "</def>";
        settings.library.loadxmldata(xmldata, sizeof(xmldata));
        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "  Fred _tm;\n"
                       "  _tm.dostuff();\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // Ticket #7822 - Array type
        checkUninitVar("A *f() {\n"
                       "    A a,b;\n"
                       "    b[0] = 0;"
                       "    return a;\n"
                       "}", "test.c", false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void uninitvar3() { // #3844
        // avoid false positive
        checkUninitVar("namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER\n"
                       "    typedef unsigned long _Bit_type;\n"
                       "    struct _Bit_reference\n"
                       "    {\n"
                       "        _Bit_type * _M_p;\n"
                       "        _Bit_type _M_mask;\n"
                       "        _Bit_reference(_Bit_type * __x, _Bit_type __y)\n"
                       "         : _M_p(__x), _M_mask(__y) { }\n"
                       "    };\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void uninitvar_bitop() {
        checkUninitVar("void foo() {\n"
                       "    int b;\n"
                       "    c = a | b;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: b\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void foo() {\n"
                       "    int b;\n"
                       "    c = b | a;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: b\n", errout.str());
    }

    // if..
    void uninitvar_if() {
        checkUninitVar("static void foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    Foo *p;\n"
                       "    if (x)\n"
                       "        p = new Foo;\n"
                       "    p->abcd();\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6]: (error) Uninitialized variable: p\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("static void foo(int x)\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int a;\n"
                       "    if (x==1);\n"
                       "    if (x==2);\n"
                       "    x = a;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6]: (error) Uninitialized variable: a\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    if (x)\n"
                       "        i = 22;\n"
                       "    else\n"
                       "        i = 33;\n"
                       "    return i;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int foo(int x)\n" // #5503
                       "{\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    if (x < 2)\n"
                       "        i = 22;\n"
                       "    else if (x >= 2)\n" // condition is always true
                       "        i = 33;\n"
                       "    return i;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    if (x)\n"
                       "        i = 22;\n"
                       "    else\n"
                       "    {\n"
                       "        char *y = {0};\n"
                       "        i = 33;\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "    return i;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    if (x)\n"
                       "    {\n"
                       "        struct abc abc1 = (struct abc) { .a=0, .b=0, .c=0 };\n"
                       "        i = 22;\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "    else\n"
                       "    {\n"
                       "        i = 33;\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "    return i;\n"
                       "}", "test.cpp", false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("static void foo(int x)\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    Foo *p;\n"
                       "    if (x)\n"
                       "        p = new Foo;\n"
                       "    if (x)\n"
                       "        p->abcd();\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void foo(int a)\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int n;\n"
                       "    int condition;\n"
                       "    if(a == 1) {\n"
                       "        n=0;\n"
                       "        condition=0;\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "    else {\n"
                       "        n=1;\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "\n"
                       "    if( n == 0) {\n"
                       "        a=condition;\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    C *c;\n"
                       "    if (fun(&c));\n"
                       "    c->Release();\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    C c;\n"
                       "    if (fun(&c.d));\n"
                       "    return c;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "   char a[10];\n"
                       "   if (a[0] = x){}\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int foo(int x)\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    if (one())\n"
                       "        i = 1;\n"
                       "    else\n"
                       "        return 3;\n"
                       "    return i;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // Ticket #2207 - False positive
        checkUninitVar("void foo(int x) {\n"
                       "    int a;\n"
                       "    if (x)\n"
                       "        a = 1;\n"
                       "    if (!x)\n"
                       "        return;\n"
                       "    b = (c - a);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int ret;\n"
                       "    if (one())\n"
                       "        ret = 1;\n"
                       "    else\n"
                       "        throw 3;\n"
                       "    return ret;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int f(int a)\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int ret;\n"
                       "    if (a == 1)\n"
                       "        ret = 1;\n"
                       "    else\n"
                       "        XYZ ret = 2;\n"  // XYZ may be an unexpanded macro so bailout the checking of "ret".
                       "    return ret;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:8]: (error) Uninitialized variable: ret\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int f(int a, int b)\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "   int x;\n"
                       "   if (a)\n"
                       "      x = a;\n"
                       "   else {\n"
                       "      do { } while (f2());\n"
                       "      x = b;\n"
                       "   }\n"
                       "   return x;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void foo(long verbose,bool bFlag)\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "  double t;\n"
                       "  if (bFlag)\n"
                       "  {\n"
                       "    if (verbose)\n"
                       "      t = 1;\n"
                       "    if (verbose)\n"
                       "      std::cout << (12-t);\n"
                       "  }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int test(int cond1, int cond2) {\n"
                       "  int foo;\n"
                       "  if (cond1 || cond2) {\n"
                       "     if (cond2)\n"
                       "        foo = 0;\n"
                       "  }\n"
                       "  if (cond2) {\n"
                       "    int t = foo*foo;\n"
                       "  }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // ? :
        checkUninitVar("static void foo(int v) {\n"
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    x = v <= 0 ? -1 : x;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: x\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    const char *msgid1, *msgid2;\n"
                       "    int ret = bar(&msgid1);\n"
                       "    if (ret > 0) {\n"
                       "        ret = bar(&msgid2);\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "    ret = ret <= 0 ? -1 :\n"
                       "          strcmp(msgid1, msgid2) == 0;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void foo(int a, int b)\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int x; x = (a<b) ? 1 : 0;\n"
                       "    int y = y;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: y\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void foo() {\n" // pidgin-2.11.0/finch/libgnt/gnttree.c
                       "  int x = (x = bar()) ? x : 0;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // ; { .. }
        checkUninitVar("int foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "  int retval;\n"
                       "  if (condition) {\n"
                       "    { }\n"
                       "    retval = 1; }\n"
                       "  else\n"
                       "    retval = 2;\n"
                       "  return retval;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "  {\n"
                       "    for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)\n"
                       "    { }\n"
                       "  }\n"
                       "\n"
                       "  { }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // ({ .. })
        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    if (abc) { x = 123; }\n"
                       "    else { a = ({b=c;}); x = 456; }\n"
                       "    ++x;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // Ticket #3098 - False negative uninitialized variable
        checkUninitVar("void f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    char *c1,*c2;\n"
                       "    if(strcoll(c1,c2))\n"
                       "    {\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: c1\n"
                      "[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: c2\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f(char *c1, char *c2)\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    if(strcoll(c1,c2))\n"
                       "    {\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    char *c1;\n"
                       "    c1=strcpy(c1,\"test\");\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: c1\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f(char *c1)\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    c1=strcpy(c1,\"test\");\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "  X var;\n"
                       "  memset(var, 0, sizeof(var));\n"
                       "}", "test.c");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }


    // handling for/while loops..
    void uninitvar_loops() {
        // for..
        checkUninitVar("void f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {\n"
                       "        int a;\n"
                       "        b(4*a);\n"
                       "    }"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Uninitialized variable: a\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int k;\n"
                       "    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {\n"
                       "        k = k + 2;\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: k\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    gchar sel[10];\n"
                       "    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {\n"
                       "        int sz = sizeof(sel);\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("enum ABCD { A, B, C, D };\n"
                       "\n"
                       "static void f(char *str ) {\n"
                       "    enum ABCD i;\n"
                       "    for (i = 0; i < D; i++) {\n"
                       "        str[i] = 0;\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void x() {\n"
                       "    do  {\n"
                       "        Token * tok;\n"
                       "        for (tok = a; tok; tok = tok->next())\n"
                       "        {\n"
                       "        }\n"
                       "    } while (tok2);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // Ticket #2226: C++0x loop
        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    container c;\n"
                       "    for (iterator it : c) {\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // Ticket #2345: False positive in sub-condition in if inside a loop
        checkUninitVar("void f(int x) {\n"
                       "    const PoolItem* pItem;\n"
                       "    while (x > 0) {\n"
                       "        if (GetItem(&pItem) && (*pItem != rPool))\n"
                       "        { }\n"
                       "        x--;\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        checkUninitVar("void f(int x) {\n"
                       "    const PoolItem* pItem;\n"
                       "    while (x > 0) {\n"
                       "        if (*pItem != rPool)\n"
                       "        { }\n"
                       "        x--;\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: pItem\n", errout.str());

        // #2231 - conditional initialization in loop..
        checkUninitVar("int foo(char *a) {\n"
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "\n"
                       "    for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {\n"
                       "        if (a[i] == 'x') {\n"
                       "            x = i;\n"
                       "            break;\n"
                       "        }\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "\n"
                       "    return x;\n"
                       "}");
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:11]: (error) Uninitialized variable: x\n", "", errout.str());

        // Ticket #2796
        checkUninitVar("void foo() {\n"
                       "    while (true) {\n"
                       "        int x;\n"
                       "        if (y) x = 0;\n"
                       "        else break;\n"
                       "        return x;\n"   // <- x is initialized
                       "    }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // Assignment in for. Ticket #3287
        checkUninitVar("int foo(char* in, bool b) {\n"
                       "    char* c;\n"
                       "    if (b) for (c = in; *c == 0; ++c) {}\n"
                       "    else c = in + strlen(in) - 1;\n"
                       "    *c = 0;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    // switch..
    void uninitvar_switch() {
        checkUninitVar("void f(int x)\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    short c;\n"
                       "    switch(x) {\n"
                       "    case 1:\n"
                       "        c++;\n"
                       "        break;\n"
                       "    };\n"
                       "}");
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6]: (error) Uninitialized variable: c\n", "", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("char * f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    static char ret[200];\n"
                       "    memset(ret, 0, 200);\n"
                       "    switch (x)\n"
                       "    {\n"
                       "        case 1: return ret;\n"
                       "        case 2: return ret;\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "    return 0;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int foo(const int iVar, unsigned int slot, unsigned int pin)\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    if (iVar == 0)\n"
                       "    {\n"
                       "        switch (slot)\n"
                       "        {\n"
                       "            case 4:  return 5;\n"
                       "            default: return -1;\n"
                       "        }\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "    else\n"
                       "    {\n"
                       "        switch (pin)\n"
                       "        {\n"
                       "            case 0:   i =  2; break;\n"
                       "            default:  i = -1; break;\n"
                       "        }\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "    return i;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // #1855 - switch(foo(&x))
        checkUninitVar("int a()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    switch (foo(&x))\n"
                       "    {\n"
                       "        case 1:\n"
                       "            return x;\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // #3231 - ({ switch .. })
        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int a;\n"
                       "    ({\n"
                       "    switch(sizeof(int)) {\n"
                       "    case 4:\n"
                       "    default:\n"
                       "        (a)=0;\n"
                       "        break;\n"
                       "    };\n"
                       "    })\n"
                       "}", "test.cpp", false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    // arrays..
    void uninitvar_arrays() {
        checkUninitVar("int f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    char a[10];\n"
                       "    a[a[0]] = 0;\n"
                       "}");
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: a\n", "", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    char a[10];\n"
                       "    *a = '\\0';\n"
                       "    int i = strlen(a);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    char a, b[10];\n"
                       "    a = b[0] = 0;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    char a[10], b[10];\n"
                       "    a[0] = b[0] = 0;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    char a[10], *p;\n"
                       "    *(p = a) = 0;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    char a[10], *p;\n"
                       "    p = &(a[10]);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // array usage in ?: (tests that the isVariableUsed() works)
        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    char a[10], *p;\n"
                       "    p = c?a:0;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    char a[10], c;\n"
                       "    c = *(x?a:0);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: a\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    char a[10], c;\n"
                       "    strcpy(dest, x?a:\"\");\n"
                       "}");
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("error", "", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f(int x) {\n"
                       "  int a[2];\n"
                       "  y *= (x ? 1 : 2);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // passing array to library functions
        checkUninitVar("void f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    char c[50] = \"\";\n"
                       "    strcat(c, \"test\");\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    char s[20];\n"
                       "    strcpy(s2, s);\n"
                       "};");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: s\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    char s[20];\n"
                       "    strcat(s, \"abc\");\n"
                       "};");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: s\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    char s[20];\n"
                       "    strchr(s, ' ');\n"
                       "};");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: s\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "        int y[2];\n"
                       "        int s;\n"
                       "        GetField( y + 0, y + 1 );\n"
                       "        s = y[0]*y[1];\n"
                       "}", "test.cpp", false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "        int a[2];\n"
                       "        init(a - 1);\n"
                       "        int b = a[0];\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "        Fred a[2];\n"
                       "        Fred b = a[0];\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // Ticket #2320
        checkUninitVar("void foo() {\n"
                       "        char a[2];\n"
                       "        char *b = (a+2) & 7;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"   // Ticket #3050
                       "    char a[2];\n"
                       "    printf(\"%s\", a);\n"
                       "}");
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: a\n", "", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"   // Ticket #5108 (fp)
                       "    const char *a;\n"
                       "    printf(\"%s\", a=\"abc\");\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"    // Ticket #3497
                       "    char header[1];\n"
                       "    *((unsigned char*)(header)) = 0xff;\n"
                       "    return header[0];\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"    // Ticket #3497
                       "    char header[1];\n"
                       "    *((unsigned char*)((unsigned char *)(header))) = 0xff;\n"
                       "    return header[0];\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    ABC abc;\n"
                       "    int a[1];\n"
                       "\n"
                       "    abc.a = a;\n"
                       "    init(&abc);\n"
                       "    return a[0];\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // ticket #3344
        checkUninitVar("void f(){\n"
                       "   char *strMsg = \"This is a message\";\n"
                       "   char *buffer=(char*)malloc(128*sizeof(char));\n"
                       "   strcpy(strMsg,buffer);\n"
                       "   free(buffer);\n"
                       "}", "test.cpp", false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Memory is allocated but not initialized: buffer\n", errout.str());

        // #3845
        checkUninitVar("int foo() {\n"
                       "    int a[1] = {5};\n"
                       "    return a[0];\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int foo() {\n"
                       "    int a[2][2] = {{3,4}, {5,6}};\n"
                       "    return a[0][1];\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int foo() {\n"
                       "    int a[1];\n"
                       "    return a[0];\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: a\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int foo() {\n"
                       "    int a[2][2];\n"
                       "    return a[0][1];\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: a\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int foo() {\n"
                       "    int a[10];\n"
                       "    dostuff(a[0]);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // # 4740
        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int *a[2][19];\n"
                       "    int **b = a[0];\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // #6869 - FP when passing uninit array to function
        checkUninitVar("void bar(PSTR x);\n"
                       "void foo() {\n"
                       "  char x[10];\n"
                       "  bar(x);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // struct
        checkUninitVar("struct Fred { int x; int y; };\n"
                       ""
                       "void f() {\n"
                       "  struct Fred fred[10];\n"
                       "  fred[1].x = 0;\n"
                       "}", "test.c");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void uninitvar_pointertoarray() {
        checkUninitVar("void draw_quad(float z)  {\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    float (*vertices)[2][4];\n"
                       "    vertices[0][0][0] = z;\n"
                       "    vertices[0][0][1] = z;\n"
                       "    vertices[1][0][0] = z;\n"
                       "    vertices[1][0][1] = z;\n"
                       "    vertices[2][0][0] = z;\n"
                       "    vertices[2][0][1] = z;\n"
                       "    vertices[3][0][0] = z;\n"
                       "    vertices[3][0][1] = z;\n"
                       "    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {\n"
                       "        vertices[i][0][2] = z;\n"
                       "        vertices[i][0][3] = 1.0;\n"
                       "        vertices[i][1][0] = 2.0;\n"
                       "        vertices[i][1][1] = 3.0;\n"
                       "        vertices[i][1][2] = 4.0;\n"
                       "        vertices[i][1][3] = 5.0;\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "}\n");
        // kind of regression test - there are more lines which access vertices!?
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: vertices\n"
                      "[test.cpp:5]: (error) Uninitialized variable: vertices\n"
                      "[test.cpp:6]: (error) Uninitialized variable: vertices\n"
                      "[test.cpp:7]: (error) Uninitialized variable: vertices\n"
                      "[test.cpp:8]: (error) Uninitialized variable: vertices\n"
                      "[test.cpp:9]: (error) Uninitialized variable: vertices\n"
                      "[test.cpp:10]: (error) Uninitialized variable: vertices\n"
                      "[test.cpp:11]: (error) Uninitialized variable: vertices\n"
                      "[test.cpp:18]: (error) Uninitialized variable: vertices\n",
                      errout.str());
    }

    void uninitvar_cpp11ArrayInit() { // #7010
        checkUninitVar("double foo(bool flag) {\n"
                       "    double adIHPoint_local[4][4]{};\n"
                       "    function(*adIHPoint_local);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    // alloc..
    void uninitvar_alloc() {
        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    char *s = malloc(100);\n"
                       "    strcat(s, \"abc\");\n"
                       "};");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Memory is allocated but not initialized: s\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    char *s1 = new char[10];\n"
                       "    char *s2 = new char[strlen(s1)];\n"
                       "};");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Memory is allocated but not initialized: s1\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    char *p = malloc(64);\n"
                       "    int x = p[0];\n"
                       "}");
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Memory is allocated but not initialized: p\n", "", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    char *p = malloc(64);\n"
                       "    if (p[0]) { }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Memory is allocated but not initialized: p\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    char *p = malloc(64);\n"
                       "    return p[0];\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Memory is allocated but not initialized: p\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    Fred *fred = new Fred;\n"
                       "    fred->foo();\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("struct Fred { int i; Fred(int, float); };\n"
                       "void f() {\n"
                       "    Fred *fred = new Fred(1, 2);\n"
                       "    fred->foo();\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    Fred *fred = malloc(sizeof(Fred));\n"
                       "    x(&fred->f);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    Fred *fred = malloc(sizeof(Fred));\n"
                       "    x(fred->f);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void foo(char *s)\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    char *a = malloc(100);\n"
                       "    *a = *s;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    char *a;\n"
                       "    if (a);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: a\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    char *a = malloc(100);\n"
                       "    if (a);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    ABC *abc = malloc(100);\n"
                       "    abc->a = 123;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    ABC *abc = malloc(100);\n"
                       "    abc->a.word = 123;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    ABC *abc = malloc(100);\n"
                       "    abc->a = 123;\n"
                       "    abc->a += 123;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    ABC *abc = malloc(100);\n"
                       "    free(abc);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    char *s = malloc(100);\n"
                       "    if (!s)\n"
                       "        return;\n"
                       "    char c = *s;\n"
                       "};");
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6]: (error) Memory is allocated but not initialized: s\n", "", errout.str());

        // #3708 - false positive when using ptr typedef
        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    uintptr_t x = malloc(100);\n"
                       "    uintptr_t y = x + 10;\n"  // <- not bad usage
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "  z_stream strm;\n"
                       "  char* buf = malloc(10);\n"
                       "  strm.next_out = buf;\n"
                       "  deflate(&strm, Z_FINISH);\n"
                       "  memcpy(body, buf, 10);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // #6451 - allocation in subscope
        checkUninitVar("struct StgStrm {\n"
                       "    StgIo& rIo;\n"
                       "    StgStrm(StgIo&);\n"
                       "    virtual sal_Int32 Write();\n"
                       "};\n"
                       "void Tmp2Strm() {\n"
                       "    StgStrm* pNewStrm;\n"
                       "    if (someflag)\n"
                       "        pNewStrm = new StgStrm(rIo);\n"
                       "    else\n"
                       "        pNewStrm = new StgStrm(rIo);\n"
                       "    pNewStrm->Write();\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("struct StgStrm {\n"
                       "    StgIo& rIo;\n"
                       "    StgStrm(StgIo&);\n"
                       "    virtual sal_Int32 Write();\n"
                       "};\n"
                       "void Tmp2Strm() {\n"
                       "    StgStrm* pNewStrm;\n"
                       "    if (someflag)\n"
                       "        pNewStrm = new StgStrm(rIo);\n"
                       "    pNewStrm->Write();\n"
                       "}");
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:10]: (error) Uninitialized variable: pNewStrm\n", "", errout.str());

        // #6450 - calling a member function is allowed if memory was allocated by new
        checkUninitVar("struct EMFPFont {\n"
                       "    bool family;\n"
                       "    void Initialize();\n"
                       "};\n"
                       "void processObjectRecord() {\n"
                       "    EMFPFont *font = new EMFPFont();\n"
                       "    font->Initialize();\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // #7623 - new can also initialize the memory, don't warn in this case
        checkUninitVar("void foo(){\n"
                       "    int* p1 = new int(314); \n"
                       "    int* p2 = new int(); \n"
                       "    int* arr = new int[5](); \n"
                       "    std::cout << *p1 << *p2 << arr[0]; \n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

    }

    // class / struct..
    void uninitvar_class() {
        checkUninitVar("class Fred\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    int a() { return i; }\n"
                       "};");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    struct Relative {\n"
                       "        Surface *surface;\n"
                       "        void MoveTo(int x, int y) {\n"
                       "            surface->MoveTo();\n"
                       "        }\n"
                       "    };\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    static const struct ab {\n"
                       "        int a,b;\n"
                       "        int get_a() { return a; }"
                       "    } = { 0, 0 };\n"
                       "}", "test.cpp", false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    {\n"
                       "        union ab {\n"
                       "            int a,b;\n"
                       "        }\n"
                       "        i = 0;\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "    return i;\n"
                       "}", "test.cpp", false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f(int x) {\n"
                       "    struct AB ab;\n"
                       "    x = ab.x = 12;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    // enum..
    void uninitvar_enum() {
        checkUninitVar("void f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    enum AB { a, b };\n"
                       "    AB ab;\n"
                       "    if (ab);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Uninitialized variable: ab\n", errout.str());
    }

    // references..
    void uninitvar_references() {
        checkUninitVar("void f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    int a;\n"
                       "    int &b = a;\n"
                       "    b = 0;\n"
                       "    int x = a;\n"
                       "}", "test.cpp", false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f(struct blame_entry *ent)\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    struct origin *suspect = ent->suspect;\n"
                       "    char hex[41];\n"
                       "    strcpy(hex, sha1_to_hex(suspect->commit->object.sha1));\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void foo()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    const std::string s(x());\n"
                       "    strchr(s.c_str(), ',');\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // #6717
        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    struct thing { int value; };\n"
                       "    thing it;\n"
                       "    int& referenced_int = it.value;\n"
                       "    referenced_int = 123;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void uninitvar_return() {

        checkUninitVar("static int foo() {\n"
                       "    int ret;\n"
                       "    return ret;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: ret\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("static int foo() {\n"
                       "    int ret;\n"
                       "    return ret+5;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: ret\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("static int foo() {\n"
                       "    int ret;\n"
                       "    return ret = 5;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        {
            checkUninitVar("static int foo() {\n"
                           "    int ret;\n"
                           "    return cin >> ret;\n"
                           "}");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

            checkUninitVar("static int foo() {\n"
                           "    int ret;\n"
                           "    return cin >> ret;\n"
                           "}\n", "test.c");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.c:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: ret\n", errout.str());
        }

        // Ticket #6341- False negative
        {
            checkUninitVar("wchar_t f() { int i; return btowc(i); }");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:1]: (error) Uninitialized variable: i\n", errout.str());

            checkUninitVar("wchar_t f(int i) { return btowc(i); }");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

            // Avoid a potential false positive (#6341)
            checkUninitVar(
                "void setvalue(int &x) {\n"
                "  x = 0;\n"
                "  return 123;\n"
                "}\n"
                "int f() {\n"
                "  int x;\n"
                "  return setvalue(x);\n"
                "}");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        }

        // Ticket #5412 - False negative
        {
            checkUninitVar("void f(bool b) {\n"
                           "    double f;\n"
                           "    if (b)   {  }\n"
                           "    else  {\n"
                           "        f = 0.0;\n"
                           "    }\n"
                           "    printf (\"%f\",f);\n"
                           "}");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7]: (error) Uninitialized variable: f\n", errout.str());

            // Check for potential FP
            checkUninitVar("void f(bool b) {\n"
                           "    double f;\n"
                           "    if (b)   { f = 1.0 }\n"
                           "    else  {\n"
                           "        f = 0.0;\n"
                           "    }\n"
                           "    printf (\"%f\",f);\n"
                           "}");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        }

        // Ticket #2146 - False negative
        checkUninitVar("int f(int x) {\n"
                       "    int y;\n"
                       "    return x ? 1 : y;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: y\n", errout.str());

        // Ticket #3106 - False positive
        {
            checkUninitVar("int f() {\n"
                           "    int i;\n"
                           "    return x(&i) ? i : 0;\n"
                           "}");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

            checkUninitVar("int f() {\n"
                           "    int i;\n"
                           "    return x() ? i : 0;\n"
                           "}");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: i\n", errout.str());
        }
    }

    void uninitvar_assign() {  // = { .. }
        // #1533
        checkUninitVar("char a()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    char key;\n"
                       "    struct A msg = { .buf = {&key} };\n"
                       "    init(&msg);\n"
                       "    key++;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // Ticket #5660 - False positive
        checkUninitVar("int f() {\n"
                       "    int result;\n"
                       "    int *res[] = {&result};\n"
                       "    foo(res);\n"
                       "    return result;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // #6873
        checkUninitVar("int f() {\n"
                       "    char a[10];\n"
                       "    char *b[] = {a};\n"
                       "    foo(b);\n"
                       "    return atoi(a);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // = { .. }
        checkUninitVar("int f() {\n"
                       "    int a;\n"
                       "    int *p[] = { &a };\n"
                       "    *p[0] = 0;\n"
                       "    return a;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

    }

    // strncpy doesn't always null-terminate..
    void uninitvar_strncpy() {
        // TODO: Add this checking
        // Can it be added without hardcoding?

        checkUninitVar("void f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    char a[100];\n"
                       "    strncpy(a, s, 20);\n"
                       "    strncat(a, s, 20);\n"
                       "}");
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Dangerous usage of 'a' (strncpy doesn't always null-terminate it).\n", "", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    char a[100];\n"
                       "    strncpy(a, \"hello\", 3);\n"
                       "    strncat(a, \"world\", 20);\n"
                       "}");
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Dangerous usage of 'a' (strncpy doesn't always null-terminate it).\n", "", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f()\n"
                       "{\n"
                       "    char a[100];\n"
                       "    strncpy(a, \"hello\", sizeof(a));\n"
                       "    strncat(a, \"world\", 20);\n"
                       "}", "test.cpp", false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // #3245 - false positive
        {
            checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                           "    char a[100];\n"
                           "    strncpy(a,p,10);\n"
                           "    memcmp(a,q,10);\n"
                           "}");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

            checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                           "    char a[100];\n"
                           "    strncpy(a,p,10);\n"
                           "    if (memcmp(a,q,10)==0);\n"
                           "}");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        }

        // Using strncpy isn't necessarily dangerous usage
        checkUninitVar("void f(const char dev[], char *str) {\n"
                       "    char buf[10];\n"
                       "    strncpy(buf, dev, 10);\n"
                       "    strncpy(str, buf, 10);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "  char dst[4];\n"
                       "  const char* source = \"You\";\n"
                       "  strncpy(dst, source, sizeof(dst));\n"
                       "  char value = dst[2];\n"
                       "}", "test.cpp", false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    // valid and invalid use of 'int a(int x) { return x + x; }'
    void func_uninit_var() {
        const std::string funca("int a(int x) { return x + x; }");

        checkUninitVar((funca +
                        "void b() {\n"
                        "    int x;\n"
                        "    a(x);\n"
                        "}").c_str());
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: x\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar((funca +
                        "void b() {\n"
                        "    int *p;\n"
                        "    a(*p);\n"
                        "}").c_str());
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: p\n", errout.str());
    }


    // valid and invalid use of 'void a(int *p) { *p = 0; }'
    void func_uninit_pointer() {
        const std::string funca("void a(int *p) { *p = 0; }");

        // ok - initialized pointer
        checkUninitVar((funca +
                        "void b() {\n"
                        "    int buf[10];\n"
                        "    a(buf);\n"
                        "}").c_str());
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // not ok - uninitialized pointer
        checkUninitVar((funca +
                        "void b() {\n"
                        "    int *p;\n"
                        "    a(p);\n"
                        "}").c_str());
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: p\n", errout.str());
    }

    void uninitvar_typeof() {
        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    struct Fred *fred;\n"
                       "    typeof(fred->x);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    struct SData * s;\n"
                       "    ab(typeof(s->status));\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    struct SData * s;\n"
                       "    TYPEOF(s->status);\n"
                       "}");
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("", "[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: s\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int *n = ({ typeof(*n) z;  (typeof(*n)*)z; })\n"
                       "}", "test.cpp", false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void uninitvar2() {
        // using uninit var
        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    x++;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: x\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    str[x] = 0;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: x\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    int y = x & 3;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: x\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    int y = 3 & x;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: x\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    x = 3 + x;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: x\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int f() {\n"
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    x = x;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: x\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    struct ABC *abc;\n"
                       "    abc->a = 0;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: abc\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int f() {\n"
                       "    static int x;\n"
                       "    return ++x;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int f() {\n"
                       "    extern int x;\n"
                       "    return ++x;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"  // #3926 - weird cast.
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    *(((char *)&x) + 0) = 0;\n"
                       "}", "test.c", false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n" // #4737 - weird cast.
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    do_something(&((char*)&x)[0], 1);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    char *p = (char*)&x + 1;\n"
                       "}", "test.cpp", false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    i=f(), i!=2;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // using uninit var in condition
        checkUninitVar("void f(void) {\n"
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    if (x) { }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: x\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    if (1 == (3 & x)) { }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: x\n", errout.str());

        // ?:
        checkUninitVar("int f(int *ptr) {\n"
                       "    int a;\n"
                       "    int *p = ptr ? ptr : &a;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int f(int a) {\n"
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    if (a==3) { x=2; }\n"
                       "    y = (a==3) ? x : a;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // = ({ .. })
        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int x = ({ 1 + 2; });\n"
                       "    int y = 1 + (x ? y : y);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: y\n", errout.str());

        // >> => initialization / usage
        {
            const char code[] = "void f() {\n"
                                "    int x;\n"
                                "    if (i >> x) { }\n"
                                "}";

            checkUninitVar(code, "test.cpp");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

            checkUninitVar(code, "test.c");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.c:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: x\n", errout.str());
        }

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int i, i2;\n"
                       "    strm >> i >> i2;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // unconditional initialization
        checkUninitVar("int f() {\n"
                       "    int ret;\n"
                       "    if (a) { ret = 1; }\n"
                       "    else { {} ret = 2; }\n"
                       "    return ret;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int f() {\n"
                       "    int ret;\n"
                       "    if (a) { ret = 1; }\n"
                       "    else { s=foo(1,{2,3},4); ret = 2; }\n"
                       "    return ret;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // conditional initialization
        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    if (y == 1) { x = 1; }\n"
                       "    else { if (y == 2) { x = 1; } }\n"
                       "    return x;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Uninitialized variable: x\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    if (y == 1) { x = 1; }\n"
                       "    else { if (y == 2) { x = 1; } }\n"
                       "    if (y == 3) { }\n"   // <- ignore condition
                       "    return x;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6]: (error) Uninitialized variable: x\n", errout.str());

        // initialization in condition
        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int a;\n"
                       "    if (init(&a)) { }\n"
                       "    a++;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // return, break, continue, goto
        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    if (y == 1) { return; }\n"
                       "    else { x = 1; }\n"
                       "    return x;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    if (y == 1) { return; }\n"
                       "    return x;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: x\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int f(int x) {\n"
                       "    int ret;\n"
                       "    if (!x) {\n"
                       "        ret = -123;\n"
                       "        goto out1;\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "    return 0;\n"
                       "out1:\n"
                       "out2:\n"
                       "    return ret;\n"
                       "}", "test.c");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    if (x) {\n"
                       "        i = 1;\n"
                       "    } else {\n"
                       "        goto out;\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "    i++;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int f() {\n"
                       "    int i,x;\n"
                       "    for (i=0;i<9;++i)\n"
                       "        if (foo) break;\n"
                       "    return x;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Uninitialized variable: x\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int f() {\n"
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    while (foo)\n"
                       "        if (bar) break;\n"
                       "    return x;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Uninitialized variable: x\n", errout.str());

        // try/catch : don't warn about exception variable
        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    try {\n"
                       "    } catch (CException* e) {\n"
                       "        trace();\n"
                       "        e->Delete();\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n" // #5347
                       "    try {\n"
                       "    } catch (const char* e) {\n"
                       "        A a = e;\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // exit
        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    if (y == 1) { exit(0); }\n"
                       "    else { x = 1; }\n"
                       "    return x;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // strange code.. don't crash (#3415)
        checkUninitVar("void foo() {\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    ({ if (0); });\n"
                       "    for_each(i) { }\n"
                       "}", "test.c", false);

        // if, if
        checkUninitVar("void f(int a) {\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    if (a) i = 0;\n"
                       "    if (a) i++;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int a,b=0;\n"
                       "    if (x) {\n"
                       "        if (y) {\n"
                       "            a = 0;\n"
                       "            b = 1;\n"
                       "        }\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "    if (b) a++;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int a=0, b;\n"
                       "    if (x) { }\n"
                       "    else { if (y==2) { a=1; b=2; } }\n"
                       "    if (a) { ++b; }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("static void f(int x, int y) {\n"
                       "    int a;\n"
                       "    if (x == 0) { a = y; }\n"
                       "    if (x == 0 && (a == 1)) { }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("static void f() {\n"
                       "    int a=0, b;\n"
                       "    if (something) { a = dostuff(&b); }\n"
                       "    if (!a || b) { }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("static void f(int x, int y) {\n"
                       "    int a;\n"
                       "    if (x == 0 && (a == 1)) { }\n"
                       "}", "test.cpp", false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: a\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int a;\n"
                       "    if (x) { a = 0; }\n"
                       "    if (x) { if (y) { a++; } }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int a;\n"
                       "    if (x) { a = 0; }\n"
                       "    if (x) { if (y) { } else { a++; } }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("struct AB { int a; int b; };\n"
                       "void f(void) {\n"
                       "    struct AB ab;\n"
                       "    if (x) ab = getAB();\n"
                       "    else ab.a = 0;\n"
                       "    if (ab.a == 1) b = ab.b;\n"
                       "}", "test.c");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int f(void) {\n"
                       "    int a;\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    if (x) { noreturn(); }\n"
                       "    else { i = 0; }\n"
                       "    if (i==1) { a = 0; }\n"
                       "    else { a = 1; }\n"
                       "    return a;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int f(int a) {\n" // #4560
                       "    int x = 0, y;\n"
                       "    if (a) x = 1;\n"
                       "    else return 0;\n"
                       "    if (x) y = 123;\n" // <- y is always initialized
                       "    else {}\n"
                       "    return y;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int f(int a) {\n" // #6583
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    if (a < 2) exit(1);\n"
                       "    else if (a == 2) x = 0;\n"
                       "    else exit(2);\n"
                       "    return x;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int f(int a) {\n" // #4560
                       "    int x = 1, y;\n"
                       "    if (a) x = 0;\n"
                       "    else return 0;\n"
                       "    if (x) {}\n"
                       "    else y = 123;\n" // <- y is always initialized
                       "    return y;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f(int x) {\n" // #3948
                       "  int value;\n"
                       "  if (x !=-1)\n"
                       "    value = getvalue();\n"
                       "  if (x == -1 || value > 300) {}\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f(int x) {\n"
                       "  int value;\n"
                       "  if (x == 32)\n"
                       "    value = getvalue();\n"
                       "  if (x == 1)\n"
                       "    v = value;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6]: (error) Uninitialized variable: value\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f(int x) {\n"
                       "  int value;\n"
                       "  if (x == 32)\n"
                       "    value = getvalue();\n"
                       "  if (x == 32) {}\n"
                       "  else v = value;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6]: (error) Uninitialized variable: value\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("static int x;" // #4773
                       "int f() {\n"
                       "    int y;\n"
                       "    if (x) g();\n"
                       "    if (x) y = 123;\n"
                       "    else y = 456;\n"
                       "    return y;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("static int x;" // #4773
                       "int f() {\n"
                       "    int y;\n"
                       "    if (!x) g();\n"
                       "    if (x) y = 123;\n"
                       "    else y = 456;\n"
                       "    return y;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // asm
        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    asm();\n"
                       "    x++;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // sizeof / typeof / offsetof / etc
        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    sizeof(i+1);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    if (100 == sizeof(i+1));\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    struct ABC *abc;\n"
                       "    int i = ARRAY_SIZE(abc.a);"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int *abc;\n"
                       "    typeof(*abc);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    struct ABC *abc;\n"
                       "    return do_something(typeof(*abc));\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    A *a;\n"
                       "    a = malloc(sizeof(*a));\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // &
        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"  // #4426 - address of uninitialized variable
                       "    int a,b;\n"
                       "    if (&a == &b);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"  // #4439 - cast address of uninitialized variable
                       "    int a;\n"
                       "    x((A)(B)&a);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n" // #4778 - cast address of uninitialized variable
                       "    long a;\n"
                       "    &a;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n" // #4717 - ({})
                       "    int a = ({ long b = (long)(123); 2 + b; });\n"
                       "}", "test.c");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    // #3869 - reference variable
    void uninitvar4() {
        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int buf[10];\n"
                       "    int &x = buf[0];\n"
                       "    buf[0] = 0;\n"
                       "    x++;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    // #3861
    void uninitvar5() {
        // ensure there is no false positive
        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    x<char> c;\n"
                       "    c << 2345;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // ensure there is no false negative
        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    char c;\n"
                       "    char a = c << 2;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: c\n", errout.str());

        // #4320
        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int a;\n"
                       "    a << 1;\n"  // there might be a operator<<
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void uninitvar8() {
        const char code[] = "struct Fred {\n"
                            "    void Sync(dsmp_t& type, int& len, int limit = 123);\n"
                            "    void Sync(int& syncpos, dsmp_t& type, int& len, int limit = 123);\n"
                            "    void FindSyncPoint();\n"
                            "};\n"
                            "void Fred::FindSyncPoint() {\n"
                            "    dsmp_t type;\n"
                            "    int syncpos, len;\n"
                            "    Sync(syncpos, type, len);\n"
                            "}";
        checkUninitVar(code, "test.cpp");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void uninitvar9() { // 6424
        const char code[] = "namespace Ns { class C; }\n"
                            "void f1() { char *p; *p = 0; }\n"
                            "class Ns::C* p;\n"
                            "void f2() { char *p; *p = 0; }";
        checkUninitVar(code, "test.cpp");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (error) Uninitialized variable: p\n"
                      "[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: p\n", errout.str());
    }

    void uninitvar_unconditionalTry() {
        // Unconditional scopes and try{} scopes
        checkUninitVar("int f() {\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    {\n"
                       "        return i;\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: i\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int f() {\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    try {\n"
                       "        return i;\n"
                       "    } catch(...) {}\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: i\n", errout.str());
    }

    void uninitvar_funcptr() {
        checkUninitVar("void getLibraryContainer() {\n"
                       "    Reference< XStorageBasedLibraryContainer >(*Factory)(const Reference< XComponentContext >&, const Reference< XStorageBasedDocument >&)\n"
                       "        = &DocumentDialogLibraryContainer::create;\n"
                       "    rxContainer.set((*Factory)(m_aContext, xDocument));\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void getLibraryContainer() {\n"
                       "    void* x;\n"
                       "    Reference< XStorageBasedLibraryContainer >(*Factory)(const Reference< XComponentContext >&, const Reference< XStorageBasedDocument >&)\n"
                       "        = x;\n"
                       "    rxContainer.set((*Factory)(m_aContext, xDocument));\n"
                       "}", "test.cpp", false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Uninitialized variable: x\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void getLibraryContainer() {\n"
                       "    Reference< XStorageBasedLibraryContainer >(*Factory)(const Reference< XComponentContext >&, const Reference< XStorageBasedDocument >&);\n"
                       "    rxContainer.set((*Factory)(m_aContext, xDocument));\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: Factory\n", errout.str());
    }

    void uninitvar_operator() { // Ticket #6463, #6680
        checkUninitVar("struct Source { Source& operator>>(int& i) { i = 0; return *this; } };\n"
                       "struct Sink { int v; };\n"
                       "Source foo;\n"
                       "void uninit() {\n"
                       "  Sink s;\n"
                       "  int n = 1 >> s.v;\n" // Not initialized
                       "};\n"
                       "void notUninit() {\n"
                       "  Sink s1;\n"
                       "  foo >> s1.v;\n" // Initialized by operator>>
                       "  Sink s2;\n"
                       "  int n;\n"
                       "  foo >> s2.v >> n;\n" // Initialized by operator>>
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6]: (error) Uninitialized struct member: s.v\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("struct Fred { int a; };\n"
                       "void foo() {\n"
                       "  Fred fred;\n"
                       "  std::cin >> fred.a;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    // Handling of function calls
    void uninitvar2_func() {
        // non-pointer variable
        checkUninitVar("void a(char);\n"  // value => error
                       "void b() {\n"
                       "    char c;\n"
                       "    a(c);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: c\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void a(char c);\n"  // value => error
                       "void b() {\n"
                       "    char c;\n"
                       "    a(c);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: c\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void a(const char c);\n"  // const value => error
                       "void b() {\n"
                       "    char c;\n"
                       "    a(c);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: c\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void a(char *c);\n"  // address => no error
                       "void b() {\n"
                       "    char c;\n"
                       "    a(&c);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void a(pstr s);\n"  // address => no error
                       "void b() {\n"
                       "    char c;\n"
                       "    a(&c);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void a(const char *c);\n"  // const address => error
                       "void b() {\n"
                       "    char c;\n"
                       "    a(&c);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: c\n", errout.str());

        // pointer variable
        checkUninitVar("void a(char c);\n"  // value => error
                       "void b() {\n"
                       "    char *c;\n"
                       "    a(*c);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: c\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void a(const char c);\n"  // const value => error
                       "void b() {\n"
                       "    char c;\n"
                       "    a(*c);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: c\n", errout.str());


        checkUninitVar("void a(char *c);\n"  // address => error
                       "void b() {\n"
                       "    char *c;\n"
                       "    a(c);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: c\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("typedef struct { int a; int b; } AB;\n"
                       "void a(AB *ab);\n"
                       "void b() {\n"
                       "    AB *ab;\n"
                       "    a(ab);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Uninitialized variable: ab\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void a(const char *c);\n"  // const address => error
                       "void b() {\n"
                       "    char *c;\n"
                       "    a(c);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: c\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void a(const char c[]);\n"  // const address => error
                       "void b() {\n"
                       "    char *c;\n"
                       "    a(c);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: c\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void a(char **c);\n"  // address of pointer => no error
                       "void b() {\n"
                       "    char *c;\n"
                       "    a(&c);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void a(char *c);\n"  // address of pointer (suspicious cast to pointer) => no error
                       "void b() {\n"
                       "    char *c;\n"
                       "    a(&c);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void a(const char **c);\n"  // const address of pointer => no error
                       "void b() {\n"
                       "    const char *c;\n"
                       "    a(&c);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // array
        checkUninitVar("int calc(const int *p, int n);\n"
                       "void f() {\n"
                       "    int x[10];\n"
                       "    calc(x,10);\n"
                       "}");
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: x\n",
                           "", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int x[10];\n"
                       "    int &x0(*x);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // ....
        checkUninitVar("struct ABC { int a; };\n"  // struct initialization
                       "void clear(struct ABC &abc);\n"
                       "int f() {\n"
                       "    struct ABC abc;\n"
                       "    clear(abc);\n"
                       "    return abc.a;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void write_packet() {\n"
                       "    time_t now0;\n"
                       "    time(&now0);\n"
                       "}", "test.c");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void write_packet() {\n"
                       "    time_t* now0;\n"
                       "    time(now0);\n"
                       "}", "test.c");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.c:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: now0\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void write_packet() {\n"
                       "    char now0;\n"
                       "    strcmp(&now0, sth);\n"
                       "}", "test.c");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.c:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: now0\n", errout.str());

        // #2775 - uninitialized struct pointer in subfunction
        checkUninitVar("void a(struct Fred *fred) {\n"
                       "    fred->x = 0;\n"
                       "}\n"
                       "\n"
                       "void b() {\n"
                       "    struct Fred *p;\n"
                       "    a(p);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7]: (error) Uninitialized variable: p\n", errout.str());

        // #2946 - FP array is initialized in subfunction
        checkUninitVar("void a(char *buf) {\n"
                       "    buf[0] = 0;\n"
                       "}\n"
                       "void b() {\n"
                       "    char buf[10];\n"
                       "    a(buf);\n"
                       "    buf[1] = buf[0];\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void uninitvar2_value() {
        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    if (x) {\n"
                       "        int y = -ENOMEM;\n"  // assume constant ENOMEM is nonzero since it's negated
                       "        if (y != 0) return;\n"
                       "        i++;\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "}", "test.cpp", false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int i, y;\n"
                       "    if (x) {\n"
                       "        y = -ENOMEM;\n"  // assume constant ENOMEM is nonzero since it's negated
                       "        if (y != 0) return;\n"
                       "        i++;\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "}", "test.cpp", false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int i, y;\n"
                       "    if (x) y = -ENOMEM;\n"  // assume constant ENOMEM is nonzero since it's negated
                       "    else y = get_value(i);\n"
                       "    if (y != 0) return;\n" // <- condition is always true if i is uninitialized
                       "    i++;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f(int x) {\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    if (!x) i = 0;\n"
                       "    if (!x || i>0) {}\n" // <- error
                       "}");
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: i\n", "", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f(int x) {\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    if (x) i = 0;\n"
                       "    if (!x || i>0) {}\n" // <- no error
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f(int x) {\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    if (!x) { }\n"
                       "    else i = 0;\n"
                       "    if (x || i>0) {}\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Uninitialized variable: i\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f(int x) {\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    if (x) { }\n"
                       "    else i = 0;\n"
                       "    if (x || i>0) {}\n" // <- no error
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int f(int x) {\n"
                       "    int y;\n"
                       "    if (x) y = do_something();\n"
                       "    if (!x) return 0;\n"
                       "    return y;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int f(int x) {\n" // FP with ?:
                       "    int a;\n"
                       "    if (x)\n"
                       "        a = p;\n"
                       "    return x ? 2*a : 0;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int f(int x) {\n"
                       "    int a;\n"
                       "    if (x)\n"
                       "        a = p;\n"
                       "    return y ? 2*a : 3*a;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Uninitialized variable: a\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n" // Don't crash
                       "    int a;\n"
                       "    dostuff(\"ab\" cd \"ef\", x?a:z);\n" // <- No AST is created for ?:
                       "}");

        // Unknown => bail out..
        checkUninitVar("void f(int x) {\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    if (a(x)) i = 0;\n"
                       "    if (b(x)) return;\n"
                       "    i++;\n" // <- no error if b(x) is always true when a(x) is false
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f(int x) {\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    if (x) i = 0;\n"
                       "    while (condition) {\n"
                       "        if (x) i++;\n" // <- no error
                       "    }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f(int x) {\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    if (x) i = 0;\n"
                       "    while (condition) {\n"
                       "        i++;\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "}");
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("error", "", errout.str());
    }

    void uninitvar2_structmembers() { // struct members
        checkUninitVar("struct AB { int a; int b; };\n"
                       "void f(void) {\n"
                       "    struct AB ab;\n"
                       "    int a = ab.a;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized struct member: ab.a\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("struct AB { int a; int b; };\n"
                       "void f(void) {\n"
                       "    AB ab;\n"
                       "    int a = ab.a;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized struct member: ab.a\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("struct AB { int a; int b; };\n"
                       "void f(void) {\n"
                       "    struct AB ab;\n"
                       "    ab.a = ab.a + 1;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized struct member: ab.a\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("struct AB { int a; int b; };\n"
                       "void do_something(const struct AB ab);\n"
                       "void f(void) {\n"
                       "    struct AB ab;\n"
                       "    ab.a = 0;\n"
                       "    do_something(ab);\n"
                       "}\n", "test.c");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.c:6]: (error) Uninitialized struct member: ab.b\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("struct AB { int a; int b; };\n" // #4760
                       "void do_something(int a);\n"
                       "void f(void) {\n"
                       "    struct AB ab;\n"
                       "    do_something(ab.a);\n"
                       "}\n", "test.c");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.c:5]: (error) Uninitialized struct member: ab.a\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("struct AB { int a; int b; };\n"
                       "void f(void) {\n"
                       "    struct AB ab;\n"
                       "    int a = ab.a;\n"
                       "}\n", "test.c");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.c:4]: (error) Uninitialized struct member: ab.a\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("struct AB { int a; int b; };\n"
                       "void f(void) {\n"
                       "    struct AB ab;\n"
                       "    buf[ab.a] = 0;\n"
                       "}\n", "test.c");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.c:4]: (error) Uninitialized struct member: ab.a\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("struct AB { int a; int b; };\n"
                       "void f(void) {\n"
                       "    struct AB ab;\n"
                       "    ab.a = 1;\n"
                       "    x = ab;\n"
                       "}\n", "test.c");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.c:5]: (error) Uninitialized struct member: ab.b\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("struct AB { int a; int b; };\n"
                       "void f(void) {\n"
                       "    struct AB ab;\n"
                       "    ab.a = 1;\n"
                       "    x = *(&ab);\n"
                       "}\n", "test.c");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.c:5]: (error) Uninitialized struct member: ab.b\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("class Element {\n"
                       "    static void f() { }\n"
                       "};\n"
                       "void test() {\n"
                       "    Element *element; element->f();\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Uninitialized variable: element\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("class Element {\n"
                       "    static void f() { }\n"
                       "};\n"
                       "void test() {\n"
                       "    Element *element; (*element).f();\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Uninitialized variable: element\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("class Element {\n"
                       "    static int v;\n"
                       "};\n"
                       "void test() {\n"
                       "    Element *element; element->v;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Uninitialized variable: element\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("class Element {\n"
                       "    static int v;\n"
                       "};\n"
                       "void test() {\n"
                       "    Element *element; (*element).v;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Uninitialized variable: element\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("class Element {\n"
                       "    void f() { }\n"
                       "};\n"
                       "void test() {\n"
                       "    Element *element; element->f();\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Uninitialized variable: element\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("class Element {\n"
                       "    void f() { }\n"
                       "};\n"
                       "void test() {\n"
                       "    Element *element; (*element).f();\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Uninitialized variable: element\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("class Element {\n"
                       "    int v;\n"
                       "};\n"
                       "void test() {\n"
                       "    Element *element; element->v;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Uninitialized variable: element\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("class Element {\n"
                       "    int v;\n"
                       "};\n"
                       "void test() {\n"
                       "    Element *element; (*element).v;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Uninitialized variable: element\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("struct AB { int a; int b; };\n"  // pass struct member by address
                       "void f(void) {\n"
                       "    struct AB ab;\n"
                       "    assign(&ab.a, 0);\n"
                       "}\n", "test.c");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("struct AB { int a; int b; };\n"
                       "void do_something(const struct AB ab);\n"
                       "void f(void) {\n"
                       "    struct AB ab;\n"
                       "    ab.a = 0;\n"
                       "    ab.b = 0;\n"
                       "    do_something(ab);\n"
                       "}\n", "test.c");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        {
            checkUninitVar("struct AB { char a[10]; };\n"
                           "void f(void) {\n"
                           "    struct AB ab;\n"
                           "    strcpy(ab.a, STR);\n"
                           "}\n", "test.c");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

            checkUninitVar("struct AB { char a[10]; };\n"
                           "void f(void) {\n"
                           "    struct AB ab;\n"
                           "    strcpy(x, ab.a);\n"
                           "}\n", "test.c");
            TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("error", "", errout.str());

            checkUninitVar("struct AB { int a; };\n"
                           "void f(void) {\n"
                           "    struct AB ab;\n"
                           "    dosomething(ab.a);\n"
                           "}\n", "test.c");
            TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("error","", errout.str());
        }

        checkUninitVar("struct AB { int a; int b; };\n"
                       "void do_something(const struct AB ab);\n"
                       "void f(void) {\n"
                       "    struct AB ab;\n"
                       "    ab = getAB();\n"
                       "    do_something(ab);\n"
                       "}\n", "test.c");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        {
            // #6769 - calling method that might assign struct members
            checkUninitVar("struct AB { int a; int b; void set(); };\n"
                           "void f(void) {\n"
                           "    struct AB ab;\n"
                           "    ab.set();\n"
                           "    x = ab;\n"
                           "}\n");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

            checkUninitVar("struct AB { int a; int get() const; };\n"
                           "void f(void) {\n"
                           "    struct AB ab;\n"
                           "    ab.get();\n"
                           "    x = ab;\n"
                           "}\n");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Uninitialized struct member: ab.a\n", errout.str());

            checkUninitVar("struct AB { int a; void dostuff() {} };\n"
                           "void f(void) {\n"
                           "    struct AB ab;\n"
                           "    ab.dostuff();\n"
                           "    x = ab;\n"
                           "}\n");
            TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("error", "", errout.str());
        }

        checkUninitVar("struct AB { int a; struct { int b; int c; } s; };\n"
                       "void do_something(const struct AB ab);\n"
                       "void f(void) {\n"
                       "    struct AB ab;\n"
                       "    ab.a = 1;\n"
                       "    ab.s.b = 2;\n"
                       "    ab.s.c = 3;\n"
                       "    do_something(ab);\n"
                       "}\n", "test.c");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("struct conf {\n"
                       "    char x;\n"
                       "};\n"
                       "\n"
                       "void do_something(struct conf ant_conf);\n"
                       "\n"
                       "void f(void) {\n"
                       "   struct conf c;\n"
                       "   initdata(&c);\n"
                       "   do_something(c);\n"
                       "}\n", "test.c");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("struct PIXEL {\n"
                       "    union  {\n"
                       "        struct { unsigned char red,green,blue,alpha; };\n"
                       "        unsigned int color;\n"
                       "    };\n"
                       "};\n"
                       "\n"
                       "unsigned char f() {\n"
                       "    struct PIXEL p1;\n"
                       "    p1.color = 255;\n"
                       "    return p1.red;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("struct AB { int a; int b; };\n"
                       "int f() {\n"
                       "  struct AB *ab;\n"
                       "  for (i = 1; i < 10; i++) {\n"
                       "    if (condition && (ab = getab()) != NULL) {\n"
                       "      a = ab->a;\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "  }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("struct AB { int a; int b; };\n"
                       "int f(int x) {\n"
                       "  struct AB *ab;\n"
                       "  if (x == 0) {\n"
                       "    ab = getab();\n"
                       "  }\n"
                       "  if (x == 0 && (ab != NULL || ab->a == 0)) { }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("struct A { int *x; };\n" // declarationId is 0 for "delete"
                       "void foo(void *info, void*p);\n"
                       "void bar(void) {\n"
                       "  struct A *delete = 0;\n"
                       "  foo( info, NULL );\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("struct ABC { int a; int b; int c; };\n"
                       "void foo(int x, const struct ABC *abc);\n"
                       "void bar(void) {\n"
                       "  struct ABC abc;\n"
                       "  foo(123, &abc);\n"
                       "  return abc.b;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Uninitialized struct member: abc.a\n"
                      "[test.cpp:5]: (error) Uninitialized struct member: abc.b\n"
                      "[test.cpp:6]: (error) Uninitialized struct member: abc.b\n"
                      "[test.cpp:5]: (error) Uninitialized struct member: abc.c\n", errout.str());

        // return
        checkUninitVar("struct AB { int a; int b; };\n"
                       "void f(void) {\n"
                       "    struct AB ab;\n"
                       "    ab.a = 0;\n"
                       "    return ab.b;\n"
                       "}\n", "test.c");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.c:5]: (error) Uninitialized struct member: ab.b\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("struct AB { int a; int b; };\n"
                       "void f(void) {\n"
                       "    struct AB ab;\n"
                       "    ab.a = 0;\n"
                       "    return ab.a;\n"
                       "}\n", "test.c");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // checkIfForWhileHead
        checkUninitVar("struct FRED {\n"
                       "    int a;\n"
                       "    int b;\n"
                       "};\n"
                       "\n"
                       "void f(void) {\n"
                       "   struct FRED fred;\n"
                       "   fred.a = do_something();\n"
                       "   if (fred.a == 0) { }\n"
                       "}\n", "test.c");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("struct FRED {\n"
                       "    int a;\n"
                       "    int b;\n"
                       "};\n"
                       "\n"
                       "void f(void) {\n"
                       "   struct FRED fred;\n"
                       "   fred.a = do_something();\n"
                       "   if (fred.b == 0) { }\n"
                       "}\n", "test.c", false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.c:9]: (error) Uninitialized struct member: fred.b\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("struct Fred { int a; };\n"
                       "void f() {\n"
                       "    struct Fred fred;\n"
                       "    if (fred.a==1) {}\n"
                       "}", "test.c");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.c:4]: (error) Uninitialized struct member: fred.a\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("struct S { int n; int m; };\n"
                       "void f(void) {\n"
                       " struct S s;\n"
                       " for (s.n = 0; s.n <= 10; s.n++) { }\n"
                       "}", "test.c");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void test2() {\n"
                       "  struct { char type; } s_d;\n"
                       "  if (foo(&s_d.type)){}\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // for
        checkUninitVar("struct AB { int a; };\n"
                       "void f() {\n"
                       "    struct AB ab;\n"
                       "    while (x) { clear(ab); z = ab.a; }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("struct AB { int a; };\n"
                       "void f() {\n"
                       "    struct AB ab;\n"
                       "    while (x) { ab.a = ab.a + 1; }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized struct member: ab.a\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("struct AB { int a; };\n"
                       "void f() {\n"
                       "    struct AB ab;\n"
                       "    while (x) { init(&ab); z = ab.a; }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // address of member
        checkUninitVar("struct AB { int a[10]; int b; };\n"
                       "void f() {\n"
                       "    struct AB ab;\n"
                       "    int *p = ab.a;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // non static data-member initialization
        checkUninitVar("struct AB { int a=1; int b; };\n"
                       "void f(void) {\n"
                       "    struct AB ab;\n"
                       "    int a = ab.a;\n"
                       "    int b = ab.b;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Uninitialized struct member: ab.b\n", errout.str());

        // STL class member
        checkUninitVar("struct A {\n"
                       "    std::map<int, int> m;\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "};\n"
                       "void foo() {\n"
                       "    A a;\n"
                       "    x = a.m;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // Unknown type (C++)
        checkUninitVar("struct A {\n"
                       "    C m;\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "};\n"
                       "void foo() {\n"
                       "    A a;\n"
                       "    x = a.m;\n"
                       "}", "test.cpp");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // Unknown type (C)
        checkUninitVar("struct A {\n"
                       "    C m;\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "};\n"
                       "void foo() {\n"
                       "    A a;\n"
                       "    x = a.m;\n"
                       "}", "test.c");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.c:7]: (error) Uninitialized struct member: a.m\n", errout.str());

        // Type with constructor
        checkUninitVar("class C { C(); }\n"
                       "struct A {\n"
                       "    C m;\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "};\n"
                       "void foo() {\n"
                       "    A a;\n"
                       "    x = a.m;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void uninitvar2_while() {
        // for, while
        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    while (a) {\n"
                       "        x = x + 1;\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: x\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    do {\n"
                       "        x = x + 1;\n"
                       "    } while (a);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: x\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    for (int x = x; x < 10; x++) {}\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (error) Uninitialized variable: x\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    for (Element *ptr3 = ptr3->Next(); ptr3; ptr3 = ptr3->Next()) {}\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (error) Uninitialized variable: ptr3\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    while (a) {\n"
                       "        init(&x);\n"
                       "        x++;\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    while (a) {\n"
                       "        if (b) x++;\n"
                       "        else x = 0;\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i += x) {\n"
                       "        x = y;\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i += x) { }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: x\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int f() {\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    for (i=0;i<9;++i)\n"
                       "        if (foo()) return i;\n"
                       "    return 9;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    do {} while (!getvalue(&i));\n"
                       "    i++;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int f(void) {\n"
                       "   int x;\n"
                       "   while (a()) {\n"  // <- condition must always be true or there will be problem
                       "       if (b()) {\n"
                       "           x = 1;\n"
                       "           break;"
                       "       }\n"
                       "   }\n"
                       "   return x;\n"
                       "}");
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("error", "", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int f(void) {\n"
                       "   int x;\n"
                       "   while (a()) {\n"
                       "       if (b() && (x=1)) {\n"
                       "           return x;\n"
                       "       }\n"
                       "   }\n"
                       "   return 0;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f(void) {\n"
                       "   int x;\n"
                       "   for (;;) {\n"
                       "       int a = x+1;\n"
                       "       do_something(a);\n"
                       "   }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: x\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("struct AB {int a; int b;};\n"
                       "void f(void) {\n"
                       "   struct AB ab;\n"
                       "   while (true) {\n"
                       "       int a = 1+ab.a;\n"
                       "       do_something(a);\n"
                       "   }\n"
                       "}\n", "test.c");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.c:5]: (error) Uninitialized variable: ab\n"
                      "[test.c:5]: (error) Uninitialized struct member: ab.a\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f(int i) {\n" // #4569 fp
                       "    float *buffer;\n"
                       "    if(i>10) buffer = f;\n"
                       "    if(i>10) {\n"
                       "        for (int i=0;i<10;i++)\n"
                       "            buffer[i] = 0;\n" // <- fp
                       "    }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f(){\n" // #4519 - fp: inline assembler in loop
                       "    int x;\n"
                       "    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {\n"
                       "        asm(\"foo\");\n"
                       "        if (x & 0xf1) { }\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("static void f(void) {\n"
                       "    struct ABC *abc;\n"
                       "    for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)\n"
                       "        x += sizeof(*abc);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f(void) {\n" // #4879
                       "    int i;\n"
                       "    while (x) {\n"
                       "        for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)\n"
                       "            a[i] = b[i];\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f(void) {\n" // #5658
                       "    struct Foo *foo;\n"
                       "    while (true) {\n"
                       "            foo = malloc(sizeof(*foo));\n"
                       "            foo->x = 0;\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f(void) {\n"
                       "  int i;\n"
                       "  while (x) {\n"
                       "    for (i=0,y=i;;){}\n"
                       "  }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // #6646 - init in for loop
        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n" // No FP
                       "  for (int i;;i++)\n"
                       "    dostuff(&i);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n" // No FN
                       "  for (int i;;i++)\n"
                       "    a=i;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (error) Uninitialized variable: i\n", errout.str());
    }

    void uninitvar2_4494() {
        checkUninitVar("namespace N1 {\n"
                       "    class Fred {\n"
                       "    public:\n"
                       "        static void f1(char *p) { *p = 0; }\n"
                       "    };\n"
                       "    void fa(void) { char *p; Fred::f1(p); }\n"
                       "    void fb(void) { char *p; Fred::f2(p); }\n"
                       "    void fc(void) { char *p; ::N1::Fred::f1(p); }\n"
                       "    void fd(void) { char *p; ::N1::Fred::f2(p); }\n"
                       "}\n"
                       "namespace N2 {\n"
                       "    static void f1(char *p) { *p = 0; }\n"
                       "    void fa(void) { char *p; f1(p); }\n"
                       "    void fb(void) { char *p; f2(p); }\n"
                       "    void fc(void) { char *p; N1::Fred::f1(p); }\n"
                       "    void fd(void) { char *p; N1::Fred::f2(p); }\n"
                       "    void fe(void) { char *p; ::N1::Fred::f1(p); }\n"
                       "    void ff(void) { char *p; ::N1::Fred::f2(p); }\n"
                       "    void fg(void) { char *p; Foo::f1(p); }\n"
                       "    void fh(void) { char *p; Foo::f2(p); }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6]: (error) Uninitialized variable: p\n"
                      "[test.cpp:8]: (error) Uninitialized variable: p\n"
                      "[test.cpp:13]: (error) Uninitialized variable: p\n"
                      "[test.cpp:15]: (error) Uninitialized variable: p\n"
                      "[test.cpp:17]: (error) Uninitialized variable: p\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("class Fred {\n"
                       "public:\n"
                       "    void f1(char *p) { *p = 0; }\n"
                       "};\n"
                       "Fred fred;\n"
                       "void f(void) {\n"
                       "    char *p;\n"
                       "    fred.f1(p);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:8]: (error) Uninitialized variable: p\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("class Fred {\n"
                       "public:\n"
                       "    class Wilma {\n"
                       "    public:\n"
                       "        class Barney {\n"
                       "        public:\n"
                       "            class Betty {\n"
                       "            public:\n"
                       "                void f1(char *p) { *p = 0; }\n"
                       "            };\n"
                       "            Betty betty;\n"
                       "        };\n"
                       "        Barney barney;\n"
                       "    };\n"
                       "    Wilma wilma;\n"
                       "};\n"
                       "Fred fred;\n"
                       "void f(void) {\n"
                       "    char *p;\n"
                       "    fred.wilma.barney.betty.f1(p);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:20]: (error) Uninitialized variable: p\n", errout.str());
    }

    void uninitvar2_malloc() {
        checkUninitVar("int f() {\n"
                       "    int *p = malloc(40);\n"
                       "    return *p;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Memory is allocated but not initialized: p\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("int f() {\n"
                       "    int *p = malloc(40);\n"
                       "    var = *p;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Memory is allocated but not initialized: p\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("struct AB { int a; int b; };\n"
                       "int f() {\n"
                       "    struct AB *ab = malloc(sizeof(struct AB));\n"
                       "    return ab->a;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Memory is allocated but not initialized: ab\n"
                      "[test.cpp:4]: (error) Uninitialized struct member: ab.a\n",
                      errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("struct t_udf_file {  int dir_left; };\n"
                       "\n"
                       "void f() {\n"
                       "  struct t_udf_file *newf;\n"
                       "  newf = malloc(sizeof(*newf));\n"
                       "  if (!newf) return 0;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    char *s = malloc(100);\n"
                       "    if (s != NULL) { }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    char *p = malloc(100);\n"
                       "    p || assert_failed();\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    char *p = malloc(100);\n"
                       "    x = p;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // function parameter (treat it as initialized until malloc is used)
        checkUninitVar("int f(int *p) {\n"
                       "    if (*p == 1) {}\n" // no error
                       "    p = malloc(256);\n"
                       "    return *p;\n" // error
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Memory is allocated but not initialized: p\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("struct AB { int a; int b; };\n"
                       "int f(struct AB *ab) {\n"
                       "    if (ab->a == 1) {}\n" // no error
                       "    ab = malloc(sizeof(struct AB));\n"
                       "    return ab->a;\n" // error
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Uninitialized struct member: ab.a\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("struct AB { int a; int b; };\n"
                       "void do_something(struct AB *ab);\n" // unknown function
                       "int f() {\n"
                       "    struct AB *ab = malloc(sizeof(struct AB));\n"
                       "    do_something(ab);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // analysis failed. varid 0.
        checkUninitVar("void *vlc_custom_create (vlc_object_t *parent, size_t length, const char *typename) {\n"
                       "  assert (length >= sizeof (vlc_object_t));\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void uninitvar_ternaryexpression() { // #4683
        checkUninitVar("struct B { int asd; };\n"
                       "int f() {\n"
                       "    int a=0;\n"
                       "    struct B *b;\n"
                       "    if (x) {\n"
                       "        a = 1;\n"
                       "        b = p;\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "    return a ? b->asd : 0;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void uninitvar_rangeBasedFor() { // #7078
        checkUninitVar("void function(Entry& entry) {\n"
                       "    for (auto* expr : entry.exprs) {\n"
                       "        expr->operate();\n"
                       "        expr->operate();\n"
                       "    }\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void trac_4871() { // #4871
        checkUninitVar("void pickup(int a) {\n"
                       "bool using_planner_action;\n"
                       "if (a)   {\n"
                       "  using_planner_action = false;\n"
                       "}\n"
                       "else {\n"
                       "  try\n"
                       "  {}\n"
                       "  catch (std::exception &ex) {\n"
                       "    return;\n"
                       "  }\n"
                       "  using_planner_action = true;\n"
                       "}\n"
                       "if (using_planner_action) {}\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void syntax_error() { // Ticket #5073
        const char code[] = "struct flex_array {};\n"
                            "struct cgroup_taskset {};\n"
                            "void cgroup_attach_task() {\n"
                            "  struct flex_array *group;\n"
                            "  struct cgroup_taskset tset = { };\n"
                            "  do { } while_each_thread(leader, tsk);\n"
                            "}";
        ASSERT_THROW(checkUninitVar(code), InternalError);
    }

    void trac_5970() { // Ticket #5970
        checkUninitVar("void DES_ede3_ofb64_encrypt() {\n"
                       "  DES_cblock d; \n"
                       "  char *dp; \n"
                       "  dp=(char *)d; \n"
                       "  init(dp); \n"
                       "}", "test.c");
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("", "[test.c:4]: (error) Uninitialized variable: d\n", errout.str());
    }


    void checkDeadPointer(const char code[]) {
        // Clear the error buffer..
        errout.str("");

        // Tokenize..
        Tokenizer tokenizer(&settings, this);
        std::istringstream istr(code);
        tokenizer.tokenize(istr, "test.cpp");
        tokenizer.simplifyTokenList2();

        // Check code..
        CheckUninitVar check(&tokenizer, &settings, this);
        check.deadPointer();
    }

    void valueFlowUninit(const char code[]) {
        // Clear the error buffer..
        errout.str("");

        // Tokenize..
        settings.debugwarnings = false;
        settings.experimental = false;

        Tokenizer tokenizer(&settings, this);
        std::istringstream istr(code);
        tokenizer.tokenize(istr, "test.cpp");

        tokenizer.simplifyTokenList2();

        // Check for redundant code..
        CheckUninitVar checkuninitvar(&tokenizer, &settings, this);
        checkuninitvar.valueFlowUninit();
    }


    void valueFlowUninit() {
        valueFlowUninit("void f() {\n"
                        "  int x;\n"
                        "  switch (x) {}\n"
                        "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: x\n", errout.str());

        valueFlowUninit("int f() {\n"
                        "  int x;\n"
                        "  init(x);\n"
                        "  return x;\n" // TODO: inconclusive ?
                        "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        valueFlowUninit("void f() {\n" // #8172
                        "  char **x;\n"
                        "  if (2 < sizeof(*x)) {}\n"
                        "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void isVariableUsageDeref() {
        // *p
        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    char a[10];\n"
                       "    char c = *a;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: a\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    char a[SIZE+10];\n"
                       "    char c = *a;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: a\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "    char a[10];\n"
                       "    *a += 10;\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Uninitialized variable: a\n", errout.str());

        checkUninitVar("void f() {\n"
                       "  int a[10][10];\n"
                       "  dostuff(*a);\n"
                       "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void deadPointer() {
        checkDeadPointer("void f() {\n"
                         "  int *p = p1;\n"
                         "  if (cond) {\n"
                         "    int x;\n"
                         "    p = &x;\n"
                         "  }\n"
                         "  *p = 0;\n"
                         "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7]: (error) Dead pointer usage. Pointer 'p' is dead if it has been assigned '&x' at line 5.\n", errout.str());

        // FP: don't warn in subfunction
        checkDeadPointer("void f(struct KEY *key) {\n"
                         "  key->x = 0;\n"
                         "}\n"
                         "\n"
                         "int main() {\n"
                         "  struct KEY *tmp = 0;\n"
                         "  struct KEY k;\n"
                         "\n"
                         "  if (condition) {\n"
                         "    tmp = &k;\n"
                         "  } else {\n"
                         "  }\n"
                         "  f(tmp);\n"
                         "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // Don't warn about references (#6399)
        checkDeadPointer("void f() {\n"
                         "    wxAuiToolBarItem* former_hover = NULL;\n"
                         "    for (i = 0, count = m_items.GetCount(); i < count; ++i) {\n"
                         "        wxAuiToolBarItem& item = m_items.Item(i);\n"
                         "        former_hover = &item;\n"
                         "    }\n"
                         "    if (former_hover != pitem)\n"
                         "        dosth();\n"
                         "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkDeadPointer("void f() {\n"
                         "    wxAuiToolBarItem* former_hover = NULL;\n"
                         "    for (i = 0, count = m_items.GetCount(); i < count; ++i) {\n"
                         "        wxAuiToolBarItem item = m_items.Item(i);\n"
                         "        former_hover = &item;\n"
                         "    }\n"
                         "    if (former_hover != pitem)\n"
                         "        dosth();\n"
                         "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7]: (error) Dead pointer usage. Pointer 'former_hover' is dead if it has been assigned '&item' at line 5.\n", errout.str());

        // #6575
        checkDeadPointer("void trp_deliver_signal()  {\n"
                         "    union {\n"
                         "        Uint32 theData[25];\n"
                         "        EventReport repData;\n"
                         "    };\n"
                         "    EventReport * rep = &repData;\n"
                         "    rep->setEventType(NDB_LE_Connected);\n"
                         "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }
};

REGISTER_TEST(TestUninitVar)