cppcheck/CheckMemoryLeak.cpp

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#include "CheckMemoryLeak.h"
#include "tokenize.h"
#include "CommonCheck.h"
#include <vector>
#include <sstream>
#ifdef __BORLANDC__
#include <mem.h> // <- memset
#else
#include <string.h>
#endif
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
enum AllocType { No, Malloc, New, NewA };
// Extra allocation..
class AllocFunc
{
public:
const char *funcname;
AllocType alloctype;
AllocFunc(const char f[], AllocType a)
{
funcname = f;
alloctype = a;
}
};
static std::list<AllocFunc> listallocfunc;
static AllocType GetAllocationType( const TOKEN *tok2 )
{
// What we may have...
// * var = (char *)malloc(10);
// * var = new char[10];
// * var = strdup("hello");
if ( tok2 && tok2->str[0] == '(' )
{
while ( tok2 && tok2->str[0] != ')' )
tok2 = tok2->next;
tok2 = tok2 ? tok2->next : NULL;
}
if ( ! tok2 )
return No;
// Does tok2 point on "malloc", "strdup" or "kmalloc"..
const char *mallocfunc[] = {"malloc",
"calloc",
"realloc",
"strdup",
"kmalloc",
"kzalloc",
"g_malloc",
0};
for ( unsigned int i = 0; mallocfunc[i]; i++ )
{
if ( strcmp(mallocfunc[i], tok2->str) == 0 )
return Malloc;
}
if ( Match( tok2, "new %type% [;(]" ) )
return New;
if ( Match( tok2, "new %type% [" ) )
return NewA;
// Userdefined allocation function..
std::list<AllocFunc>::const_iterator it = listallocfunc.begin();
while ( it != listallocfunc.end() )
{
if ( strcmp(tok2->str, it->funcname) == 0 )
return it->alloctype;
++it;
}
return No;
}
static AllocType GetDeallocationType( const TOKEN *tok, const char *varnames[] )
{
// Redundant condition..
if ( Match(tok, "if ( %var1% )", varnames) )
{
tok = gettok( tok, 4 );
if ( Match(tok,"{") )
tok = tok->next;
}
if ( Match(tok, "delete %var1% ;", varnames) )
return New;
if ( Match(tok, "delete [ ] %var1% ;", varnames) )
return NewA;
if ( Match(tok, "free ( %var1% ) ;", varnames) ||
Match(tok, "kfree ( %var1% ) ;", varnames) ||
Match(tok, "g_free ( %var1% ) ;", varnames) )
{
return Malloc;
}
return No;
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void MismatchError( const TOKEN *Tok1, const char varname[] )
{
std::ostringstream errmsg;
errmsg << FileLine(Tok1) << ": Mismatching allocation and deallocation: " << varname;
ReportErr( errmsg.str() );
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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static void MemoryLeak( const TOKEN *tok, const char varname[] )
{
std::ostringstream errmsg;
errmsg << FileLine(tok) << ": Memory leak: " << varname;
ReportErr( errmsg.str() );
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void CheckMemoryLeak_CheckScope_All( const TOKEN *Tok1, const char varname[] )
{
const char *varnames[2];
varnames[0] = varname;
varnames[1] = 0;
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AllocType Alloc = No;
int alloc_indentlevel = -1;
int dealloc_indentlevel = -1;
std::list<int> loop_indentlevel;
std::list<int> switch_indentlevel;
bool isif = false;
int indentlevel = 0;
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for (const TOKEN *tok = Tok1 ; tok; tok = tok->next )
{
if (tok->str[0]=='{')
indentlevel++;
else if (tok->str[0]=='}')
{
indentlevel--;
if ( indentlevel < 0 )
{
if ( Alloc != No )
MemoryLeak( tok, varname );
return;
}
if ( !loop_indentlevel.empty() && indentlevel <= loop_indentlevel.back() )
loop_indentlevel.pop_back();
if ( !switch_indentlevel.empty() && indentlevel <= switch_indentlevel.back() )
switch_indentlevel.pop_back();
if ( indentlevel < alloc_indentlevel )
alloc_indentlevel = -1;
if ( indentlevel < dealloc_indentlevel )
dealloc_indentlevel = -1;
}
if ( Alloc != No && Match(tok, ". %var% (") )
{
bool isused = false;
while (tok && !Match(tok, "[;{]"))
{
if ( Match(tok, "[(,] %var1% [,)]", varnames) )
isused = true;
tok = tok->next;
}
// Don't know what happens, assume that it's deallocated.
if ( isused )
{
if ( indentlevel == 0 )
return;
dealloc_indentlevel = indentlevel;
}
}
// Check subfunction...
if (Alloc != No && Match(tok,"[{};] %var% ("))
{
AllocType dealloc = GetDeallocationType(tok->next, varnames);
const char *funcname = getstr( tok, 1 );
if (dealloc==No && strcmp(funcname,"if") && strcmp(funcname,"for") && strcmp(funcname,"while"))
{
unsigned int param = 0;
for (const TOKEN *tok2 = gettok(tok,2); tok2; tok2 = tok2->next)
{
if ( tok2->str[0] == ';' || tok2->str[0] == ')' )
break;
if ( tok2->str[0] == ',' )
param++;
if ( Match(tok2, "[(,] %var1% [,)]", varnames) )
{
// Find function..
const TOKEN *ftok = GetFunctionTokenByName( funcname );
ftok = gettok(ftok,2);
if ( ! ftok )
{
// Can't find the function but to avoid false
// positives it is assumed that the variable is
// deallocated..
// Deallocated at same indentlevel as the allocation => no memory leak
if ( alloc_indentlevel == indentlevel )
return;
dealloc_indentlevel = indentlevel;
}
else
{
// Goto function parameter..
for ( unsigned int fparam = 0; ftok && fparam < param; ftok = ftok->next )
{
if ( ftok->str[0] == ',' )
++fparam;
}
for ( ; ftok; ftok = ftok->next )
{
if ( ! Match(ftok,"%var% [,)]") )
continue;
const char *paramname[2] = {0};
paramname[0] = ftok->str;
// parse function and check if it deallocates the parameter..
int _indentlevel = 0;
while (_indentlevel>=0 && ftok)
{
if ( ftok->str[0] == '{' )
_indentlevel++;
else if ( ftok->str[0] == '}' )
{
_indentlevel--;
if ( _indentlevel <= 0 )
break;
}
if ( _indentlevel >= 1 )
{
AllocType dealloc = GetDeallocationType(ftok,paramname);
if ( dealloc != No )
{
if ( Alloc != No && Alloc != dealloc )
{
MismatchError( Tok1, varname );
return;
}
// Deallocated at same indentlevel as the allocation => no memory leak
if ( alloc_indentlevel == indentlevel )
return;
dealloc_indentlevel = indentlevel;
break;
}
}
ftok = ftok->next;
}
break;
}
}
break;
}
}
}
}
// for, while set loop level..
if ( Match(tok,"while") || Match(tok,"for") )
loop_indentlevel.push_back( indentlevel );
// switch..
if (Match(tok,"switch"))
switch_indentlevel.push_back( indentlevel );
// Skip stuff like: if (!var) ...
if ( Match(tok, "if ( ! %var1% )", varnames) ||
Match(tok, "if ( unlikely ( ! %var1% ) )", varnames) ||
Match(tok, "if ( %var1% == NULL )", varnames) ||
Match(tok, "if ( NULL == %var1% )", varnames) ||
Match(tok, "if ( %var1% == 0 )", varnames) )
{
int _indentlevel = 0;
while ( tok )
{
if ( tok->str[0] == '{' )
_indentlevel++;
else if ( tok->str[0] == '}' )
{
_indentlevel--;
if ( _indentlevel <= 0 )
break;
}
else if (_indentlevel==0 && tok->str[0]==';')
break;
tok = tok->next;
}
}
// if..
if ( Match(tok,"if") )
isif = true;
if ( strchr(";{}", tok->str[0]) )
isif = false;
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// Allocated..
if ( Match(tok, "[(;{}] %var1% =", varnames) )
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{
AllocType alloc = GetAllocationType( gettok(tok, 3) );
if ( alloc != No )
{
tok = tok->next;
Alloc = alloc;
alloc_indentlevel = indentlevel;
if ( isif )
{
while ( tok )
{
if ( tok->str[0] == '{' )
{
indentlevel++;
}
else if ( tok->str[0] == '}' )
{
indentlevel--;
if ( indentlevel <= alloc_indentlevel )
break;
}
else if ( tok->str[0] == ';' && indentlevel == alloc_indentlevel )
{
break;
}
tok = tok->next;
}
}
}
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}
// Deallocated..
AllocType dealloc = GetDeallocationType( tok, varnames );
if ( dealloc != No )
{
if ( Alloc != No && Alloc != dealloc )
{
MismatchError( tok, varname );
return;
}
// Deallocated at same indentlevel as the allocation => no memory leak
if ( alloc_indentlevel == indentlevel )
return;
dealloc_indentlevel = indentlevel;
while ( tok && tok->str[0] != ';' )
tok = tok->next;
}
// Used..
// list.push_back( var1 );
// listtail->next = var1;
if ( Match( tok, "[=] %var1% [;]", varnames ) )
{
return;
}
if ( Match( tok, "[=,(] ( %type% * ) %var1% [,);]", varnames ) )
{
return;
}
if ( Match( tok, "[=,(] ( %type% %type% * ) %var1% [,);]", varnames ) )
{
return;
}
// Used. Todo: check if "p" is the first member in the struct.
// p = &var1->p;
if ( Match( tok, "= & %var1% . %var% ;", varnames ) )
{
return;
}
// Linux lists.. todo: check if the first struct member is passed
if ( Match( tok, "%var% ( & %var1% .", varnames ) ||
Match( tok, ", & %var1% .", varnames ) )
{
return;
}
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// continue/break loop..
if (Alloc != No &&
loop_indentlevel.empty() &&
switch_indentlevel.empty() &&
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(Match(tok,"continue") || Match(tok,"break")))
{
MemoryLeak( tok, varname );
return;
}
// Return without deallocating the memory..
if ( Alloc != No && (indentlevel==0 || (alloc_indentlevel >= 0 && dealloc_indentlevel <= 0)) && Match(tok, "return") )
{
bool retvar = false;
for ( const TOKEN *tok2 = tok->next; tok2; tok2 = tok2->next )
{
if ( Match( tok2, "%var1%", varnames ) )
{
retvar = true;
break;
}
if ( tok2->str[0] == ';' )
{
break;
}
}
if ( ! retvar )
MemoryLeak( tok, varname );
else
{
// The allocated memory is returned.. check that it is deallocated
// Get function name..
const char *funcname = 0;
int indentlevel = 0;
for ( const TOKEN *ftok = tokens; ftok && ftok != tok; ftok = ftok->next )
{
if ( ftok->str[0] == '{' )
indentlevel++;
else if ( ftok->str[0] == '}' )
indentlevel--;
if ( indentlevel <= 0 )
{
if ( Match(ftok, "[};]") )
funcname = 0;
else if ( Match(ftok, "%var% (") )
funcname = ftok->str;
}
}
if ( funcname )
{
listallocfunc.push_back( AllocFunc(funcname, Alloc) );
}
}
if ( indentlevel == 0 )
return;
if ( indentlevel <= alloc_indentlevel )
{
Alloc = No;
alloc_indentlevel = -1;
dealloc_indentlevel = -1;
}
}
}
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
extern bool ShowAll;
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static TOKEN *getcode(const TOKEN *tok, const char varname[])
{
const char *varnames[2];
varnames[0] = varname;
varnames[1] = 0;
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TOKEN *rethead = 0, *rettail = 0;
#define addtoken(_str) \
{ \
TOKEN *newtok = new TOKEN; \
newtok->str = _str; \
newtok->linenr = tok->linenr; \
newtok->FileIndex = tok->FileIndex; \
newtok->next = 0; \
if (rettail) \
rettail->next = newtok; \
else \
rethead = newtok; \
rettail=newtok; \
}
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AllocType alloctype = No;
AllocType dealloctype = No;
int indentlevel = 0;
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int parlevel = 0;
for ( ; tok; tok = tok->next )
{
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if ( tok->str[0] == '{' )
{
addtoken( "{" );
indentlevel++;
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}
else if ( tok->str[0] == '}' )
{
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addtoken( "}" );
if ( indentlevel <= 0 )
break;
indentlevel--;
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}
if ( tok->str[0] == '(' )
parlevel++;
else if ( tok->str[0] == ')' )
parlevel--;
if ( parlevel == 0 && tok->str[0]==';')
addtoken(";");
if (Match(tok, "[(;{}] %var1% = ", varnames))
{
AllocType alloc = GetAllocationType(gettok(tok,3));
if ( alloc != No )
{
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addtoken("alloc");
if (alloctype!=No && alloctype!=alloc)
MismatchError(tok, varname);
if (dealloctype!=No && dealloctype!=alloc)
MismatchError(tok, varname);
alloctype = alloc;
}
}
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AllocType dealloc = GetDeallocationType(tok, varnames);
if ( dealloc != No )
{
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addtoken("dealloc");
if (alloctype!=No && alloctype!=dealloc)
MismatchError(tok, varname);
if (dealloctype!=No && dealloctype!=dealloc)
MismatchError(tok, varname);
dealloctype = dealloc;
}
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// if else switch
if ( Match(tok, "if ( %var1% )", varnames) )
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{
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addtoken("if(var)");
}
else if ( Match(tok, "if ( ! %var1% )", varnames) ||
Match(tok, "if ( unlikely ( ! %var1% ) )", varnames) ||
Match(tok, "if ( %var1% == NULL )", varnames) ||
Match(tok, "if ( NULL == %var1% )", varnames) ||
Match(tok, "if ( %var1% == 0 )", varnames) )
{
addtoken("if(!var)");
}
else
{
if (Match(tok, "if"))
addtoken("if");
if (Match(tok, "else"))
addtoken("else");
if (Match(tok, "switch"))
addtoken("switch");
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}
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// Loops..
if ( Match(tok, "for") )
addtoken("loop");
if ( Match(tok, "while") )
addtoken("loop");
if ( Match(tok, "do") )
addtoken("loop");
// continue / break..
if ( Match(tok, "continue") )
addtoken("continue");
if ( Match(tok, "break") )
addtoken("break");
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// Return..
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if ( Match(tok, "return") )
{
addtoken("return");
if ( Match(tok, "return %var1%", varnames) ||
Match(tok, "return & %var1%", varnames) )
addtoken("use");
}
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// Assignment..
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if ( Match(tok,"[)=] %var1%", varnames) )
addtoken("use");
// Function parameter..
if ( Match(tok, "[(,] %var1% [,)]", varnames) )
addtoken("use");
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// Linux lists..
if ( Match( tok, "[=(,] & %var1% [.[]", varnames ) )
addtoken("use");
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}
return rethead;
}
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static void erase(TOKEN *begin, const TOKEN *end)
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{
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if ( ! begin )
return;
while ( begin->next && begin->next != end )
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{
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TOKEN *next = begin->next;
begin->next = begin->next->next;
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delete next;
}
}
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// Simpler but less powerful than "CheckMemoryLeak_CheckScope_All"
static void CheckMemoryLeak_CheckScope( const TOKEN *Tok1, const char varname[] )
{
if ( ShowAll )
{
CheckMemoryLeak_CheckScope_All(Tok1, varname);
return;
}
TOKEN *tok = getcode( Tok1, varname );
// If the variable is not allocated at all => no memory leak
if (findmatch(tok, "alloc") == 0)
{
deleteTokens(tok);
return;
}
// reduce the code..
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bool done = false;
while ( ! done )
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{
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done = true;
for (TOKEN *tok2 = tok ; tok2; tok2 = tok2->next )
{
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// Delete extra ";"
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while (Match(tok2,"[;{}] ;"))
{
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erase(tok2, gettok(tok2,2));
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done = false;
}
// Delete empty block
if ( Match(tok2->next, "{ }") )
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{
erase(tok2, gettok(tok2,3));
done = false;
}
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// Delete braces around a single instruction..
if ( Match(tok2->next, "{ %var% ; }") )
{
erase( tok2, gettok(tok2,2) );
erase( tok2->next->next, gettok(tok2,4) );
done = false;
}
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// Delete empty if
if ( Match(tok2,"[;{}] if ;") ||
Match(tok2,"[;{}] if(var) ;") ||
Match(tok2,"[;{}] if(!var) ;") )
{
if ( ! Match(gettok(tok2,3), "else") )
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{
erase(tok2, gettok(tok2, 3));
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done = false;
continue;
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}
}
// Delete "else ;" and "else if ;"
if ( Match(tok2->next, "else if ;") )
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{
erase(tok2, gettok(tok2,4));
done = false;
}
if ( Match(tok2->next, "else ;") )
{
erase(tok2, gettok(tok2,3));
done = false;
}
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// Delete "loop ;"
if ( Match(tok2->next, "loop ;") )
{
erase(tok2, gettok(tok2,3));
done = false;
}
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// Delete if block in "alloc ; if(!var) return ;"
if ( Match(tok2, "alloc ; if(!var) return ;") )
{
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erase(tok2, gettok(tok2,4));
done = false;
}
// Delete second use in "use ; use;"
while (Match(tok2, "use ; use ;"))
{
erase(tok2, gettok(tok2,3));
done = false;
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}
}
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}
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if ( findmatch(tok, "alloc ; if continue ;") )
{
MemoryLeak(gettok(findmatch(tok, "alloc ; if continue ;"), 4), varname);
}
else if ( findmatch(tok, "alloc ; return ;") )
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{
MemoryLeak(gettok(findmatch(tok,"alloc ; return ;"),2), varname);
}
else if ( ! findmatch(tok,"dealloc") &&
! findmatch(tok,"use") &&
! findmatch(tok,"return use ;") )
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{
const TOKEN *last = tok;
while (last->next)
last = last->next;
MemoryLeak(last, varname);
}
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deleteTokens(tok);
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Checks for memory leaks inside function..
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void CheckMemoryLeak_InFunction()
{
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bool infunc = false;
int indentlevel = 0;
for (const TOKEN *tok = tokens; tok; tok = tok->next)
{
if (tok->str[0]=='{')
indentlevel++;
else if (tok->str[0]=='}')
indentlevel--;
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// In function..
if ( indentlevel == 0 )
{
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if ( Match(tok, ") {") )
infunc = true;
if ( Match(tok, "[;}]") )
infunc = false;
}
// Declare a local variable => Check
if (indentlevel>0 && infunc)
{
if ( Match(tok, "[{};] %type% * %var% [;=]") )
CheckMemoryLeak_CheckScope( tok->next, getstr(tok, 3) );
else if ( Match(tok, "[{};] %type% %type% * %var% [;=]") )
CheckMemoryLeak_CheckScope( tok->next, getstr(tok, 4) );
}
}
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Checks for memory leaks in classes..
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void CheckMemoryLeak_ClassMembers_ParseClass( const TOKEN *tok1, std::vector<const char *> &classname );
static void CheckMemoryLeak_ClassMembers_Variable( const std::vector<const char *> &classname, const char varname[] );
static void CheckMemoryLeak_ClassMembers()
{
int indentlevel = 0;
for ( const TOKEN *tok = tokens; tok; tok = tok->next )
{
if ( tok->str[0] == '{' )
indentlevel++;
else if ( tok->str[0] == '}' )
indentlevel--;
else if ( indentlevel == 0 && Match(tok, "class %var% [{:]") )
{
std::vector<const char *> classname;
classname.push_back( getstr(tok, 1) );
CheckMemoryLeak_ClassMembers_ParseClass( tok, classname );
}
}
}
static void CheckMemoryLeak_ClassMembers_ParseClass( const TOKEN *tok1, std::vector<const char *> &classname )
{
// Go into class.
while ( tok1 && tok1->str[0] != '{' )
tok1 = tok1->next;
if ( tok1 )
tok1 = tok1->next;
int indentlevel = 0;
for ( const TOKEN *tok = tok1; tok; tok = tok->next )
{
if ( tok->str[0] == '{' )
indentlevel++;
else if ( tok->str[0] == '}' )
{
indentlevel--;
if ( indentlevel < 0 )
return;
}
// Only parse this particular class.. not subclasses
if ( indentlevel > 0 )
continue;
// Declaring subclass.. recursive checking
if ( Match(tok, "class %var% [{:]") )
{
classname.push_back( getstr(tok, 1) );
CheckMemoryLeak_ClassMembers_ParseClass( tok, classname );
classname.pop_back();
}
// Declaring member variable.. check allocations and deallocations
if ( Match(tok->next, "%type% * %var% ;") )
{
if ( IsName(tok->str) || strchr(";}", tok->str[0]) )
CheckMemoryLeak_ClassMembers_Variable( classname, getstr(tok, 3) );
}
}
}
static void CheckMemoryLeak_ClassMembers_Variable( const std::vector<const char *> &classname, const char varname[] )
{
// Function pattern.. Check if member function
char fpattern[500] = {0};
for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < classname.size(); i++ )
{
strcat( fpattern, classname[i] );
strcat( fpattern, " :: " );
}
strcat( fpattern, "%var% (" );
// Destructor pattern.. Check if class destructor..
char destructor[500] = {0};
for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < classname.size(); i++ )
{
strcat( destructor, classname[i] );
strcat( destructor, " :: " );
}
strcat( destructor, " ~" );
strcat( destructor, classname.back() );
strcat( destructor, " (" );
// Pattern used in member function. "Var = ..."
std::ostringstream varname_eq;
varname_eq << varname << " =";
// Full variable name..
std::ostringstream FullVariableName;
for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < classname.size(); i++ )
FullVariableName << classname[i] << "::";
FullVariableName << varname;
// Check if member variable has been allocated and deallocated..
AllocType Alloc = No;
AllocType Dealloc = No;
// Loop through all tokens. Inspect member functions
bool memberfunction = false;
int indentlevel = 0;
for ( const TOKEN *tok = tokens; tok; tok = tok->next )
{
if ( tok->str[0] == '{' )
indentlevel++;
else if ( tok->str[0] == '}' )
indentlevel--;
// Set the 'memberfunction' variable..
if ( indentlevel == 0 )
{
if ( strchr(";}", tok->str[0]) )
memberfunction = false;
else if ( Match( tok, fpattern ) || Match( tok, destructor ) )
memberfunction = true;
}
// Parse member function..
if ( indentlevel > 0 && memberfunction )
{
// Allocate..
if ( Match( tok, varname_eq.str().c_str() ) )
{
AllocType alloc = GetAllocationType( gettok( tok, 2 ) );
if ( alloc != No )
{
if ( Dealloc != No && Dealloc != alloc )
MismatchError( tok, FullVariableName.str().c_str() );
if ( Alloc != No && Alloc != alloc )
MismatchError( tok, FullVariableName.str().c_str() );
Alloc = alloc;
}
}
// Deallocate..
const char *varnames[2] = { "var", 0 };
varnames[0] = varname;
AllocType dealloc = GetDeallocationType( tok, varnames );
if ( dealloc != No )
{
if ( Dealloc != No && Dealloc != dealloc )
MismatchError( tok, FullVariableName.str().c_str() );
if ( Alloc != No && Alloc != dealloc )
MismatchError( tok, FullVariableName.str().c_str() );
Dealloc = dealloc;
}
}
}
if ( Alloc != No && Dealloc == No )
{
MemoryLeak( tokens, FullVariableName.str().c_str() );
}
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Checks for memory leaks..
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CheckMemoryLeak()
{
listallocfunc.clear();
// Check for memory leaks inside functions..
CheckMemoryLeak_InFunction();
// Check that all class members are deallocated..
CheckMemoryLeak_ClassMembers();
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------