cppcheck/lib/checkuninitvar.cpp

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/*
* Cppcheck - A tool for static C/C++ code analysis
2023-01-28 10:16:34 +01:00
* Copyright (C) 2007-2023 Cppcheck team.
*
* This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include "checkuninitvar.h"
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#include "astutils.h"
#include "ctu.h"
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#include "errorlogger.h"
#include "library.h"
#include "mathlib.h"
#include "settings.h"
#include "symboldatabase.h"
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#include "token.h"
#include "tokenize.h"
#include "checknullpointer.h" // CheckNullPointer::isPointerDeref
#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <functional>
#include <initializer_list>
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#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <unordered_set>
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#include <utility>
#include <vector>
namespace tinyxml2 {
class XMLElement;
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// CWE ids used:
static const CWE CWE_USE_OF_UNINITIALIZED_VARIABLE(457U);
// Register this check class (by creating a static instance of it)
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namespace {
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CheckUninitVar instance;
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// get ast parent, skip possible address-of and casts
static const Token *getAstParentSkipPossibleCastAndAddressOf(const Token *vartok, bool *unknown)
{
if (unknown)
*unknown = false;
if (!vartok)
return nullptr;
const Token *parent = vartok->astParent();
while (Token::Match(parent, ".|::"))
parent = parent->astParent();
if (!parent)
return nullptr;
if (parent->isUnaryOp("&"))
parent = parent->astParent();
else if (parent->str() == "&" && vartok == parent->astOperand2() && Token::Match(parent->astOperand1()->previous(), "( %type% )")) {
parent = parent->astParent();
if (unknown)
*unknown = true;
}
while (parent && parent->isCast())
parent = parent->astParent();
return parent;
}
static std::map<nonneg int, VariableValue> getVariableValues(const Token* tok) {
std::map<nonneg int, VariableValue> ret;
if (!tok || !tok->scope()->isExecutable())
return ret;
while (tok && tok->str() != "{") {
if (tok->str() == "}") {
if (tok->link()->isBinaryOp())
tok = tok->link()->previous();
else
break;
}
if (Token::Match(tok, "%var% =|{") && tok->next()->isBinaryOp() && tok->varId() && ret.count(tok->varId()) == 0) {
const Token* rhs = tok->next()->astOperand2();
if (rhs && rhs->hasKnownIntValue())
ret[tok->varId()] = VariableValue(rhs->getKnownIntValue());
}
tok = tok->previous();
}
return ret;
}
bool CheckUninitVar::diag(const Token* tok)
{
if (!tok)
return true;
while (Token::Match(tok->astParent(), "*|&|."))
tok = tok->astParent();
return !mUninitDiags.insert(tok).second;
}
void CheckUninitVar::check()
{
logChecker("CheckUninitVar::check");
const SymbolDatabase *symbolDatabase = mTokenizer->getSymbolDatabase();
std::set<std::string> arrayTypeDefs;
for (const Token *tok = mTokenizer->tokens(); tok; tok = tok->next()) {
if (Token::Match(tok, "%name% [") && tok->variable() && Token::Match(tok->variable()->typeStartToken(), "%type% %var% ;"))
arrayTypeDefs.insert(tok->variable()->typeStartToken()->str());
}
// check every executable scope
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for (const Scope &scope : symbolDatabase->scopeList) {
if (scope.isExecutable()) {
checkScope(&scope, arrayTypeDefs);
}
}
}
void CheckUninitVar::checkScope(const Scope* scope, const std::set<std::string> &arrayTypeDefs)
{
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for (const Variable &var : scope->varlist) {
if ((mTokenizer->isCPP() && var.type() && !var.isPointer() && var.type()->needInitialization != Type::NeedInitialization::True) ||
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var.isStatic() || var.isExtern() || var.isReference())
continue;
// don't warn for try/catch exception variable
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if (var.isThrow())
continue;
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if (Token::Match(var.nameToken()->next(), "[({:]"))
continue;
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if (Token::Match(var.nameToken(), "%name% =")) { // Variable is initialized, but Rhs might be not
checkRhs(var.nameToken(), var, NO_ALLOC, 0U, emptyString);
continue;
}
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if (Token::Match(var.nameToken(), "%name% ) (") && Token::simpleMatch(var.nameToken()->linkAt(2), ") =")) { // Function pointer is initialized, but Rhs might be not
checkRhs(var.nameToken()->linkAt(2)->next(), var, NO_ALLOC, 0U, emptyString);
continue;
}
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if (var.isArray() || var.isPointerToArray()) {
const Token *tok = var.nameToken()->next();
if (var.isPointerToArray())
tok = tok->next();
while (Token::simpleMatch(tok->link(), "] ["))
tok = tok->link()->next();
if (Token::Match(tok->link(), "] =|{"))
continue;
}
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bool stdtype = mTokenizer->isC() && arrayTypeDefs.find(var.typeStartToken()->str()) == arrayTypeDefs.end();
const Token* tok = var.typeStartToken();
for (; tok != var.nameToken() && tok->str() != "<"; tok = tok->next()) {
if (tok->isStandardType() || tok->isEnumType())
stdtype = true;
}
if (var.isArray() && !stdtype) { // std::array
if (!(var.isStlType() && Token::simpleMatch(var.typeStartToken(), "std :: array") && var.valueType() &&
var.valueType()->containerTypeToken && var.valueType()->containerTypeToken->isStandardType()))
continue;
}
while (tok && tok->str() != ";")
tok = tok->next();
if (!tok)
continue;
if (tok->astParent() && Token::simpleMatch(tok->astParent()->previous(), "for (") &&
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checkLoopBody(tok->astParent()->link()->next(), var, var.isArray() ? ARRAY : NO_ALLOC, emptyString, true))
continue;
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if (var.isArray()) {
bool init = false;
for (const Token *parent = var.nameToken(); parent; parent = parent->astParent()) {
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if (parent->str() == "=") {
init = true;
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break;
}
}
if (!init) {
Alloc alloc = ARRAY;
std::map<nonneg int, VariableValue> variableValue = getVariableValues(var.typeStartToken());
checkScopeForVariable(tok, var, nullptr, nullptr, &alloc, emptyString, variableValue);
}
continue;
}
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if (stdtype || var.isPointer()) {
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Alloc alloc = NO_ALLOC;
std::map<nonneg int, VariableValue> variableValue = getVariableValues(var.typeStartToken());
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checkScopeForVariable(tok, var, nullptr, nullptr, &alloc, emptyString, variableValue);
}
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if (var.type())
checkStruct(tok, var);
}
if (scope->function) {
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for (const Variable &arg : scope->function->argumentList) {
if (arg.declarationId() && Token::Match(arg.typeStartToken(), "%type% * %name% [,)]")) {
// Treat the pointer as initialized until it is assigned by malloc
for (const Token *tok = scope->bodyStart; tok != scope->bodyEnd; tok = tok->next()) {
if (!Token::Match(tok, "[;{}] %varid% =", arg.declarationId()))
continue;
const Token *allocFuncCallToken = findAllocFuncCallToken(tok->tokAt(2)->astOperand2(), mSettings->library);
if (!allocFuncCallToken)
continue;
const Library::AllocFunc *allocFunc = mSettings->library.getAllocFuncInfo(allocFuncCallToken);
if (!allocFunc || allocFunc->initData)
continue;
if (arg.typeStartToken()->strAt(-1) == "struct" || (arg.type() && arg.type()->isStructType()))
checkStruct(tok, arg);
else if (arg.typeStartToken()->isStandardType() || arg.typeStartToken()->isEnumType()) {
Alloc alloc = NO_ALLOC;
std::map<nonneg int, VariableValue> variableValue;
checkScopeForVariable(tok->next(), arg, nullptr, nullptr, &alloc, emptyString, variableValue);
}
}
}
}
}
}
void CheckUninitVar::checkStruct(const Token *tok, const Variable &structvar)
{
const Token *typeToken = structvar.typeStartToken();
while (Token::Match(typeToken, "%name% ::"))
typeToken = typeToken->tokAt(2);
const SymbolDatabase * symbolDatabase = mTokenizer->getSymbolDatabase();
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for (const Scope *scope2 : symbolDatabase->classAndStructScopes) {
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if (scope2->className == typeToken->str() && scope2->numConstructors == 0U) {
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for (const Variable &var : scope2->varlist) {
if (var.isStatic() || var.hasDefault() || var.isArray() ||
(!mTokenizer->isC() && var.isClass() && (!var.type() || var.type()->needInitialization != Type::NeedInitialization::True)))
continue;
// is the variable declared in a inner union?
bool innerunion = false;
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for (const Scope *innerScope : scope2->nestedList) {
if (innerScope->type == Scope::eUnion) {
if (var.typeStartToken()->linenr() >= innerScope->bodyStart->linenr() &&
var.typeStartToken()->linenr() <= innerScope->bodyEnd->linenr()) {
innerunion = true;
break;
}
}
}
if (!innerunion) {
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Alloc alloc = NO_ALLOC;
const Token *tok2 = tok;
if (tok->str() == "}")
tok2 = tok2->next();
std::map<nonneg int, VariableValue> variableValue = getVariableValues(structvar.typeStartToken());
checkScopeForVariable(tok2, structvar, nullptr, nullptr, &alloc, var.name(), variableValue);
}
}
}
}
}
static VariableValue operator!(VariableValue v)
{
v.notEqual = !v.notEqual;
return v;
}
static bool operator==(const VariableValue & v, MathLib::bigint i)
{
return v.notEqual ? (i != v.value) : (i == v.value);
}
static bool operator!=(const VariableValue & v, MathLib::bigint i)
{
return v.notEqual ? (i == v.value) : (i != v.value);
}
static void conditionAlwaysTrueOrFalse(const Token *tok, const std::map<nonneg int, VariableValue> &variableValue, bool *alwaysTrue, bool *alwaysFalse)
{
if (!tok)
return;
if (tok->hasKnownIntValue()) {
if (tok->getKnownIntValue() == 0)
*alwaysFalse = true;
else
*alwaysTrue = true;
return;
}
if (tok->isName() || tok->str() == ".") {
while (tok && tok->str() == ".")
tok = tok->astOperand2();
const std::map<nonneg int, VariableValue>::const_iterator it = variableValue.find(tok ? tok->varId() : ~0U);
if (it != variableValue.end()) {
*alwaysTrue = (it->second != 0LL);
*alwaysFalse = (it->second == 0LL);
}
}
else if (tok->isComparisonOp()) {
if (variableValue.empty()) {
return;
}
const Token *vartok, *numtok;
if (tok->astOperand2() && tok->astOperand2()->isNumber()) {
vartok = tok->astOperand1();
numtok = tok->astOperand2();
} else if (tok->astOperand1() && tok->astOperand1()->isNumber()) {
vartok = tok->astOperand2();
numtok = tok->astOperand1();
} else {
return;
}
while (vartok && vartok->str() == ".")
vartok = vartok->astOperand2();
const std::map<nonneg int, VariableValue>::const_iterator it = variableValue.find(vartok ? vartok->varId() : ~0U);
if (it == variableValue.end())
return;
if (tok->str() == "==")
*alwaysTrue = (it->second == MathLib::toBigNumber(numtok->str()));
else if (tok->str() == "!=")
*alwaysTrue = (it->second != MathLib::toBigNumber(numtok->str()));
else
return;
*alwaysFalse = !(*alwaysTrue);
}
else if (tok->str() == "!") {
bool t=false,f=false;
conditionAlwaysTrueOrFalse(tok->astOperand1(), variableValue, &t, &f);
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if (t || f) {
*alwaysTrue = !t;
*alwaysFalse = !f;
}
}
else if (tok->str() == "||") {
bool t1=false, f1=false;
conditionAlwaysTrueOrFalse(tok->astOperand1(), variableValue, &t1, &f1);
bool t2=false, f2=false;
if (!t1)
conditionAlwaysTrueOrFalse(tok->astOperand2(), variableValue, &t2, &f2);
*alwaysTrue = (t1 || t2);
*alwaysFalse = (f1 && f2);
}
else if (tok->str() == "&&") {
bool t1=false, f1=false;
conditionAlwaysTrueOrFalse(tok->astOperand1(), variableValue, &t1, &f1);
bool t2=false, f2=false;
if (!f1)
conditionAlwaysTrueOrFalse(tok->astOperand2(), variableValue, &t2, &f2);
*alwaysTrue = (t1 && t2);
*alwaysFalse = (f1 || f2);
}
}
static bool isVariableUsed(const Token *tok, const Variable& var)
{
if (!tok)
return false;
if (tok->str() == "&" && !tok->astOperand2())
return false;
if (tok->isConstOp())
return isVariableUsed(tok->astOperand1(),var) || isVariableUsed(tok->astOperand2(),var);
if (tok->varId() != var.declarationId())
return false;
if (!var.isArray())
return true;
const Token *parent = tok->astParent();
while (Token::Match(parent, "[?:]"))
parent = parent->astParent();
// no dereference, then array is not "used"
if (!Token::Match(parent, "*|["))
return false;
const Token *parent2 = parent->astParent();
// TODO: handle function calls. There is a TODO assertion in TestUninitVar::uninitvar_arrays
return !parent2 || parent2->isConstOp() || (parent2->str() == "=" && parent2->astOperand2() == parent);
}
bool CheckUninitVar::checkScopeForVariable(const Token *tok, const Variable& var, bool * const possibleInit, bool * const noreturn, Alloc* const alloc, const std::string &membervar, std::map<nonneg int, VariableValue>& variableValue)
{
const bool suppressErrors(possibleInit && *possibleInit); // Assume that this is a variable declaration, rather than a fundef
const bool printDebug = mSettings->debugwarnings;
if (possibleInit)
*possibleInit = false;
int number_of_if = 0;
if (var.declarationId() == 0U)
return true;
for (; tok; tok = tok->next()) {
// End of scope..
if (tok->str() == "}") {
if (number_of_if && possibleInit)
*possibleInit = true;
// might be a noreturn function..
if (mTokenizer->isScopeNoReturn(tok)) {
if (noreturn)
*noreturn = true;
return false;
}
break;
}
// Unconditional inner scope, try, lambda, init list
if (tok->str() == "{" && Token::Match(tok->previous(), ",|;|{|}|]|try")) {
bool possibleInitInner = false;
if (checkScopeForVariable(tok->next(), var, &possibleInitInner, noreturn, alloc, membervar, variableValue))
return true;
tok = tok->link();
if (possibleInitInner) {
number_of_if = 1;
if (possibleInit)
*possibleInit = true;
}
continue;
}
// track values of other variables..
if (Token::Match(tok->previous(), "[;{}.] %var% =")) {
if (tok->next()->astOperand2() && tok->next()->astOperand2()->hasKnownIntValue())
variableValue[tok->varId()] = VariableValue(tok->next()->astOperand2()->getKnownIntValue());
else if (Token::Match(tok->previous(), "[;{}] %var% = - %name% ;"))
variableValue[tok->varId()] = !VariableValue(0);
else
variableValue.erase(tok->varId());
}
// Inner scope..
else if (Token::simpleMatch(tok, "if (")) {
bool alwaysTrue = false;
bool alwaysFalse = false;
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// Is variable assigned in condition?
if (!membervar.empty()) {
for (const Token *cond = tok->linkAt(1); cond != tok; cond = cond->previous()) {
if (cond->varId() == var.declarationId() && isMemberVariableAssignment(cond, membervar))
return true;
}
}
conditionAlwaysTrueOrFalse(tok->next()->astOperand2(), variableValue, &alwaysTrue, &alwaysFalse);
// initialization / usage in condition..
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if (!alwaysTrue && checkIfForWhileHead(tok->next(), var, suppressErrors, bool(number_of_if == 0), *alloc, membervar))
return true;
// checking if a not-zero variable is zero => bail out
nonneg int condVarId = 0;
VariableValue condVarValue(0);
const Token *condVarTok = nullptr;
if (alwaysFalse)
;
else if (astIsVariableComparison(tok->next()->astOperand2(), "!=", "0", &condVarTok)) {
const std::map<nonneg int,VariableValue>::const_iterator it = variableValue.find(condVarTok->varId());
if (it != variableValue.cend() && it->second != 0)
return true; // this scope is not fully analysed => return true
condVarId = condVarTok->varId();
condVarValue = !VariableValue(0);
} else if (Token::Match(tok->next()->astOperand2(), "==|!=")) {
const Token *condition = tok->next()->astOperand2();
const Token *lhs = condition->astOperand1();
const Token *rhs = condition->astOperand2();
const Token *vartok = (lhs && lhs->hasKnownIntValue()) ? rhs : lhs;
const Token *numtok = (lhs == vartok) ? rhs : lhs;
while (Token::simpleMatch(vartok, "."))
vartok = vartok->astOperand2();
if (vartok && vartok->varId() && numtok && numtok->hasKnownIntValue()) {
const std::map<nonneg int,VariableValue>::const_iterator it = variableValue.find(vartok->varId());
if (it != variableValue.cend() && it->second != numtok->getKnownIntValue())
return true; // this scope is not fully analysed => return true
condVarId = vartok->varId();
condVarValue = VariableValue(numtok->getKnownIntValue());
if (condition->str() == "!=")
condVarValue = !condVarValue;
}
}
// goto the {
tok = tok->next()->link()->next();
if (!tok)
break;
if (tok->str() == "{") {
bool possibleInitIf((!alwaysTrue && number_of_if > 0) || suppressErrors);
bool noreturnIf = false;
std::map<nonneg int, VariableValue> varValueIf(variableValue);
const bool initif = !alwaysFalse && checkScopeForVariable(tok->next(), var, &possibleInitIf, &noreturnIf, alloc, membervar, varValueIf);
// bail out for such code:
// if (a) x=0; // conditional initialization
// if (b) return; // cppcheck doesn't know if b can be false when a is false.
// x++; // it's possible x is always initialized
if (!alwaysTrue && noreturnIf && number_of_if > 0) {
if (printDebug) {
std::string condition;
for (const Token *tok2 = tok->linkAt(-1); tok2 != tok; tok2 = tok2->next()) {
condition += tok2->str();
if (tok2->isName() && tok2->next()->isName())
condition += ' ';
}
reportError(tok, Severity::debug, "bailoutUninitVar", "bailout uninitialized variable checking for '" + var.name() + "'. can't determine if this condition can be false when previous condition is false: " + condition);
}
return true;
}
if (alwaysTrue && (initif || noreturnIf))
return true;
if (!alwaysFalse && !initif && !noreturnIf)
variableValue = varValueIf;
if (initif && condVarId > 0)
variableValue[condVarId] = !condVarValue;
// goto the }
tok = tok->link();
if (!Token::simpleMatch(tok, "} else {")) {
if (initif || possibleInitIf) {
++number_of_if;
if (number_of_if >= 2)
return true;
}
} else {
// goto the {
tok = tok->tokAt(2);
bool possibleInitElse((!alwaysFalse && number_of_if > 0) || suppressErrors);
bool noreturnElse = false;
std::map<nonneg int, VariableValue> varValueElse(variableValue);
const bool initelse = !alwaysTrue && checkScopeForVariable(tok->next(), var, &possibleInitElse, &noreturnElse, alloc, membervar, varValueElse);
if (!alwaysTrue && !initelse && !noreturnElse)
variableValue = varValueElse;
if (initelse && condVarId > 0 && !noreturnIf && !noreturnElse)
variableValue[condVarId] = condVarValue;
// goto the }
tok = tok->link();
if ((alwaysFalse || initif || noreturnIf) &&
(alwaysTrue || initelse || noreturnElse))
return true;
if (initif || initelse || possibleInitElse)
++number_of_if;
if (!initif && !noreturnIf)
variableValue.insert(varValueIf.cbegin(), varValueIf.cend());
if (!initelse && !noreturnElse)
variableValue.insert(varValueElse.cbegin(), varValueElse.cend());
}
}
}
// = { .. }
else if (Token::simpleMatch(tok, "= {") || (Token::Match(tok, "%name% {") && tok->variable() && tok == tok->variable()->nameToken())) {
// end token
const Token *end = tok->next()->link();
// If address of variable is taken in the block then bail out
if (var.isPointer() || var.isArray()) {
if (Token::findmatch(tok->tokAt(2), "%varid%", end, var.declarationId()))
return true;
} else if (Token::findmatch(tok->tokAt(2), "& %varid%", end, var.declarationId())) {
return true;
}
const Token *errorToken = nullptr;
visitAstNodes(tok->next(),
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[&](const Token *child) {
if (child->isUnaryOp("&"))
return ChildrenToVisit::none;
if (child->str() == "," || child->str() == "{" || child->isConstOp())
return ChildrenToVisit::op1_and_op2;
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if (child->str() == "." && Token::Match(child->astOperand1(), "%varid%", var.declarationId()) && child->astOperand2() && child->astOperand2()->str() == membervar) {
errorToken = child;
return ChildrenToVisit::done;
}
return ChildrenToVisit::none;
});
if (errorToken) {
uninitStructMemberError(errorToken->astOperand2(), errorToken->astOperand1()->str() + "." + membervar);
return true;
}
// Skip block
tok = end;
continue;
}
// skip sizeof / offsetof
if (isUnevaluated(tok))
tok = tok->linkAt(1);
// for/while..
else if (Token::Match(tok, "for|while (") || Token::simpleMatch(tok, "do {")) {
const bool forwhile = Token::Match(tok, "for|while (");
// is variable initialized in for-head?
if (forwhile && checkIfForWhileHead(tok->next(), var, tok->str() == "for", false, *alloc, membervar))
return true;
// goto the {
const Token *tok2 = forwhile ? tok->next()->link()->next() : tok->next();
if (tok2 && tok2->str() == "{") {
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const bool init = checkLoopBody(tok2, var, *alloc, membervar, (number_of_if > 0) || suppressErrors);
// variable is initialized in the loop..
if (init)
return true;
// is variable used in for-head?
bool initcond = false;
if (!suppressErrors) {
const Token *startCond = forwhile ? tok->next() : tok->next()->link()->tokAt(2);
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initcond = checkIfForWhileHead(startCond, var, false, bool(number_of_if == 0), *alloc, membervar);
}
// goto "}"
tok = tok2->link();
// do-while => goto ")"
if (!forwhile) {
// Assert that the tokens are '} while ('
if (!Token::simpleMatch(tok, "} while (")) {
if (printDebug)
reportError(tok,Severity::debug,emptyString,"assertion failed '} while ('");
break;
}
// Goto ')'
tok = tok->linkAt(2);
if (!tok)
// bailout : invalid code / bad tokenizer
break;
if (initcond)
// variable is initialized in while-condition
return true;
}
}
}
// Unknown or unhandled inner scope
else if (Token::simpleMatch(tok, ") {") || (Token::Match(tok, "%name% {") && tok->str() != "try" && !(tok->variable() && tok == tok->variable()->nameToken()))) {
if (tok->str() == "struct" || tok->str() == "union") {
tok = tok->linkAt(1);
continue;
}
return true;
}
// bailout if there is ({
if (Token::simpleMatch(tok, "( {")) {
return true;
}
// bailout if there is assembler code or setjmp
if (Token::Match(tok, "asm|setjmp (")) {
return true;
}
// bailout if there is a goto label
if (Token::Match(tok, "[;{}] %name% :")) {
return true;
}
// bailout if there is a pointer to member
if (Token::Match(tok, "%varid% . *", var.declarationId())) {
return true;
}
if (tok->str() == "?") {
if (!tok->astOperand2())
return true;
const bool used1 = isVariableUsed(tok->astOperand2()->astOperand1(), var);
const bool used0 = isVariableUsed(tok->astOperand2()->astOperand2(), var);
const bool err = (number_of_if == 0) ? (used1 || used0) : (used1 && used0);
if (err)
uninitvarError(tok, var.nameToken()->str(), *alloc);
// Todo: skip expression if there is no error
return true;
}
if (Token::Match(tok, "return|break|continue|throw|goto")) {
if (noreturn)
*noreturn = true;
tok = tok->next();
while (tok && tok->str() != ";") {
// variable is seen..
if (tok->varId() == var.declarationId()) {
if (!membervar.empty()) {
if (!suppressErrors && Token::Match(tok, "%name% . %name%") && tok->strAt(2) == membervar && Token::Match(tok->next()->astParent(), "%cop%|return|throw|?"))
uninitStructMemberError(tok, tok->str() + "." + membervar);
else if (mTokenizer->isCPP() && !suppressErrors && Token::Match(tok, "%name%") && Token::Match(tok->astParent(), "return|throw|?")) {
if (std::any_of(tok->values().cbegin(), tok->values().cend(), [](const ValueFlow::Value& v) {
return v.isUninitValue() && !v.isInconclusive();
}))
uninitStructMemberError(tok, tok->str() + "." + membervar);
}
}
// Use variable
else if (!suppressErrors && isVariableUsage(tok, var.isPointer(), *alloc))
uninitvarError(tok, tok->str(), *alloc);
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return true;
}
if (isUnevaluated(tok))
tok = tok->linkAt(1);
else if (tok->str() == "?") {
if (!tok->astOperand2())
return true;
const bool used1 = isVariableUsed(tok->astOperand2()->astOperand1(), var);
const bool used0 = isVariableUsed(tok->astOperand2()->astOperand2(), var);
const bool err = (number_of_if == 0) ? (used1 || used0) : (used1 && used0);
if (err)
uninitvarError(tok, var.nameToken()->str(), *alloc);
return true;
}
tok = tok->next();
}
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return (noreturn == nullptr);
}
// variable is seen..
if (tok->varId() == var.declarationId()) {
// calling function that returns uninit data through pointer..
if (var.isPointer() && Token::simpleMatch(tok->next(), "=")) {
const Token *rhs = tok->next()->astOperand2();
while (rhs && rhs->isCast())
rhs = rhs->astOperand2() ? rhs->astOperand2() : rhs->astOperand1();
if (rhs && Token::Match(rhs->previous(), "%name% (")) {
const Library::AllocFunc *allocFunc = mSettings->library.getAllocFuncInfo(rhs->astOperand1());
if (allocFunc && !allocFunc->initData) {
*alloc = NO_CTOR_CALL;
continue;
}
}
}
if (mTokenizer->isCPP() && var.isPointer() && (var.typeStartToken()->isStandardType() || var.typeStartToken()->isEnumType() || (var.type() && var.type()->needInitialization == Type::NeedInitialization::True)) && Token::simpleMatch(tok->next(), "= new")) {
*alloc = CTOR_CALL;
// type has constructor(s)
if (var.typeScope() && var.typeScope()->numConstructors > 0)
return true;
// standard or enum type: check if new initializes the allocated memory
if (var.typeStartToken()->isStandardType() || var.typeStartToken()->isEnumType()) {
// scalar new with initialization
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if (Token::Match(tok->next(), "= new %type% ("))
return true;
// array new
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if (Token::Match(tok->next(), "= new %type% [") && Token::simpleMatch(tok->linkAt(4), "] ("))
return true;
}
continue;
}
if (!membervar.empty()) {
if (isMemberVariableAssignment(tok, membervar)) {
checkRhs(tok, var, *alloc, number_of_if, membervar);
return true;
}
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if (isMemberVariableUsage(tok, var.isPointer(), *alloc, membervar)) {
uninitStructMemberError(tok, tok->str() + "." + membervar);
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return true;
}
if (Token::Match(tok->previous(), "[(,] %name% [,)]"))
return true;
if (Token::Match(tok->previous(), "= %var% . %var% ;") && membervar == tok->strAt(2))
return true;
} else {
// Use variable
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if (!suppressErrors && isVariableUsage(tok, var.isPointer(), *alloc)) {
uninitvarError(tok, tok->str(), *alloc);
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return true;
}
const Token *parent = tok;
while (parent->astParent() && ((astIsLHS(parent) && parent->astParent()->str() == "[") || parent->astParent()->isUnaryOp("*"))) {
parent = parent->astParent();
if (parent->str() == "[") {
if (const Token *errorToken = checkExpr(parent->astOperand2(), var, *alloc, number_of_if==0)) {
if (!suppressErrors)
uninitvarError(errorToken, errorToken->expressionString(), *alloc);
return true;
}
}
}
if (Token::simpleMatch(parent->astParent(), "=") && astIsLHS(parent)) {
const Token *eq = parent->astParent();
if (const Token *errorToken = checkExpr(eq->astOperand2(), var, *alloc, number_of_if==0)) {
if (!suppressErrors)
uninitvarError(errorToken, errorToken->expressionString(), *alloc);
return true;
}
}
// assume that variable is assigned
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
const Token* CheckUninitVar::checkExpr(const Token* tok, const Variable& var, const Alloc alloc, bool known, bool* bailout) const
{
if (!tok)
return nullptr;
if (isUnevaluated(tok->previous()))
return nullptr;
if (tok->astOperand1()) {
bool bailout1 = false;
const Token *errorToken = checkExpr(tok->astOperand1(), var, alloc, known, &bailout1);
if (bailout && bailout1)
*bailout = true;
if (errorToken)
return errorToken;
if ((bailout1 || !known) && Token::Match(tok, "%oror%|&&|?"))
return nullptr;
}
if (tok->astOperand2())
return checkExpr(tok->astOperand2(), var, alloc, known, bailout);
if (tok->varId() == var.declarationId()) {
const Token *errorToken = isVariableUsage(tok, var.isPointer(), alloc);
if (errorToken)
return errorToken;
if (bailout)
*bailout = true;
}
return nullptr;
}
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bool CheckUninitVar::checkIfForWhileHead(const Token *startparentheses, const Variable& var, bool suppressErrors, bool isuninit, Alloc alloc, const std::string &membervar)
{
const Token * const endpar = startparentheses->link();
if (Token::Match(startparentheses, "( ! %name% %oror%") && startparentheses->tokAt(2)->getValue(0))
suppressErrors = true;
for (const Token *tok = startparentheses->next(); tok && tok != endpar; tok = tok->next()) {
if (tok->varId() == var.declarationId()) {
if (Token::Match(tok, "%name% . %name%")) {
if (membervar.empty())
return true;
if (tok->strAt(2) == membervar) {
if (isMemberVariableAssignment(tok, membervar))
return true;
if (!suppressErrors && isMemberVariableUsage(tok, var.isPointer(), alloc, membervar))
uninitStructMemberError(tok, tok->str() + "." + membervar);
}
continue;
}
if (const Token *errorToken = isVariableUsage(tok, var.isPointer(), alloc)) {
if (suppressErrors)
continue;
uninitvarError(errorToken, errorToken->expressionString(), alloc);
}
return true;
}
// skip sizeof / offsetof
if (isUnevaluated(tok))
tok = tok->linkAt(1);
if ((!isuninit || !membervar.empty()) && tok->str() == "&&")
suppressErrors = true;
}
return false;
}
/** recursively check loop, return error token */
const Token* CheckUninitVar::checkLoopBodyRecursive(const Token *start, const Variable& var, const Alloc alloc, const std::string &membervar, bool &bailout) const
{
assert(start->str() == "{");
const Token *errorToken = nullptr;
const Token *const end = start->link();
for (const Token *tok = start->next(); tok != end; tok = tok->next()) {
// skip sizeof / offsetof
if (isUnevaluated(tok)) {
tok = tok->linkAt(1);
continue;
}
if (Token::Match(tok, "asm ( %str% ) ;")) {
bailout = true;
return nullptr;
}
// for loop; skip third expression until loop body has been analyzed..
if (tok->str() == ";" && Token::simpleMatch(tok->astParent(), ";") && Token::simpleMatch(tok->astParent()->astParent(), "(")) {
const Token *top = tok->astParent()->astParent();
if (!Token::simpleMatch(top->previous(), "for (") || !Token::simpleMatch(top->link(), ") {"))
continue;
const Token *bodyStart = top->link()->next();
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const Token *errorToken1 = checkLoopBodyRecursive(bodyStart, var, alloc, membervar, bailout);
if (!errorToken)
errorToken = errorToken1;
if (bailout)
return nullptr;
}
// for loop; skip loop body if there is third expression
if (Token::simpleMatch(tok, ") {") &&
Token::simpleMatch(tok->link()->previous(), "for (") &&
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Token::simpleMatch(tok->link()->astOperand2(), ";") &&
Token::simpleMatch(tok->link()->astOperand2()->astOperand2(), ";")) {
tok = tok->linkAt(1);
}
if (tok->str() == "{") {
// switch => bailout
if (tok->scope() && tok->scope()->type == Scope::ScopeType::eSwitch) {
bailout = true;
return nullptr;
}
const Token *errorToken1 = checkLoopBodyRecursive(tok, var, alloc, membervar, bailout);
tok = tok->link();
if (Token::simpleMatch(tok, "} else {")) {
const Token *elseBody = tok->tokAt(2);
const Token *errorToken2 = checkLoopBodyRecursive(elseBody, var, alloc, membervar, bailout);
tok = elseBody->link();
if (errorToken1 && errorToken2)
return errorToken1;
if (errorToken2)
errorToken = errorToken2;
}
if (bailout)
return nullptr;
if (!errorToken)
errorToken = errorToken1;
}
if (tok->varId() != var.declarationId())
continue;
bool conditionalUsage = false;
for (const Token* parent = tok; parent; parent = parent->astParent()) {
if (Token::Match(parent->astParent(), "%oror%|&&|?") && astIsRHS(parent)) {
conditionalUsage = true;
break;
}
}
if (!membervar.empty()) {
if (isMemberVariableAssignment(tok, membervar)) {
bool assign = true;
bool rhs = false;
// Used for tracking if an ")" is inner or outer
const Token *rpar = nullptr;
for (const Token *tok2 = tok->next(); tok2; tok2 = tok2->next()) {
if (tok2->str() == "=")
rhs = true;
// Look at inner expressions but not outer expressions
if (!rpar && tok2->str() == "(")
rpar = tok2->link();
else if (tok2->str() == ")") {
// No rpar => this is an outer right parenthesis
if (!rpar)
break;
if (rpar == tok2)
rpar = nullptr;
}
if (tok2->str() == ";" || (!rpar && tok2->str() == ","))
break;
if (rhs && tok2->varId() == var.declarationId() && isMemberVariableUsage(tok2, var.isPointer(), alloc, membervar)) {
assign = false;
break;
}
}
if (assign) {
bailout = true;
return nullptr;
}
}
if (isMemberVariableUsage(tok, var.isPointer(), alloc, membervar)) {
if (!conditionalUsage)
return tok;
if (!errorToken)
errorToken = tok;
} else if (Token::Match(tok->previous(), "[(,] %name% [,)]")) {
bailout = true;
return nullptr;
}
} else {
if (const Token *errtok = isVariableUsage(tok, var.isPointer(), alloc)) {
if (!conditionalUsage)
return errtok;
if (!errorToken)
errorToken = errtok;
} else if (tok->strAt(1) == "=") {
2020-02-18 16:38:59 +01:00
bool varIsUsedInRhs = false;
visitAstNodes(tok->next()->astOperand2(), [&](const Token * t) {
if (!t)
return ChildrenToVisit::none;
if (t->varId() == var.declarationId()) {
2020-02-18 16:38:59 +01:00
varIsUsedInRhs = true;
return ChildrenToVisit::done;
}
if (isUnevaluated(t->previous()))
return ChildrenToVisit::none;
return ChildrenToVisit::op1_and_op2;
});
if (!varIsUsedInRhs) {
bailout = true;
return nullptr;
}
} else {
bailout = true;
return nullptr;
}
}
}
return errorToken;
}
bool CheckUninitVar::checkLoopBody(const Token *tok, const Variable& var, const Alloc alloc, const std::string &membervar, const bool suppressErrors)
{
bool bailout = false;
const Token *errorToken = checkLoopBodyRecursive(tok, var, alloc, membervar, bailout);
if (!suppressErrors && !bailout && errorToken) {
if (membervar.empty())
uninitvarError(errorToken, errorToken->expressionString(), alloc);
else
uninitStructMemberError(errorToken, errorToken->expressionString() + "." + membervar);
return true;
}
return bailout;
}
void CheckUninitVar::checkRhs(const Token *tok, const Variable &var, Alloc alloc, nonneg int number_of_if, const std::string &membervar)
{
bool rhs = false;
int indent = 0;
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while (nullptr != (tok = tok->next())) {
if (tok->str() == "=")
rhs = true;
else if (rhs && tok->varId() == var.declarationId()) {
if (membervar.empty() && isVariableUsage(tok, var.isPointer(), alloc))
uninitvarError(tok, tok->str(), alloc);
else if (!membervar.empty() && isMemberVariableUsage(tok, var.isPointer(), alloc, membervar))
uninitStructMemberError(tok, tok->str() + "." + membervar);
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else if (Token::Match(tok, "%var% ="))
break;
else if (Token::Match(tok->previous(), "[(,&]"))
break;
} else if (tok->str() == ";" || (indent==0 && tok->str() == ","))
break;
else if (tok->str() == "(")
++indent;
else if (tok->str() == ")") {
if (indent == 0)
break;
--indent;
} else if (tok->str() == "?" && tok->astOperand2()) {
const bool used1 = isVariableUsed(tok->astOperand2()->astOperand1(), var);
const bool used0 = isVariableUsed(tok->astOperand2()->astOperand2(), var);
const bool err = (number_of_if == 0) ? (used1 || used0) : (used1 && used0);
if (err)
uninitvarError(tok, var.nameToken()->str(), alloc);
break;
} else if (isUnevaluated(tok))
tok = tok->linkAt(1);
}
}
static bool astIsLhs(const Token *tok)
{
return tok && tok->astParent() && tok == tok->astParent()->astOperand1();
}
static bool astIsRhs(const Token *tok)
{
return tok && tok->astParent() && tok == tok->astParent()->astOperand2();
}
static bool isVoidCast(const Token *tok)
{
return Token::simpleMatch(tok, "(") && tok->isCast() && tok->valueType() && tok->valueType()->type == ValueType::Type::VOID && tok->valueType()->pointer == 0;
}
const Token* CheckUninitVar::isVariableUsage(const Token *vartok, const Library& library, bool pointer, Alloc alloc, int indirect)
{
const bool cpp = vartok->isCpp();
const Token *valueExpr = vartok; // non-dereferenced , no address of value as variable
while (Token::Match(valueExpr->astParent(), ".|::") && astIsRhs(valueExpr))
valueExpr = valueExpr->astParent();
// stuff we ignore..
while (valueExpr->astParent()) {
// *&x
if (valueExpr->astParent()->isUnaryOp("&") && valueExpr->astParent()->astParent() && valueExpr->astParent()->astParent()->isUnaryOp("*"))
valueExpr = valueExpr->astParent()->astParent();
// (type &)x
else if (valueExpr->astParent()->isCast() && valueExpr->astParent()->isUnaryOp("(") && Token::simpleMatch(valueExpr->astParent()->link()->previous(), "& )"))
valueExpr = valueExpr->astParent();
// designated initializers: {.x | { ... , .x
else if (Token::simpleMatch(valueExpr->astParent(), ".") &&
Token::Match(valueExpr->astParent()->previous(), ",|{"))
valueExpr = valueExpr->astParent();
else
break;
}
if (!pointer) {
if (Token::Match(vartok, "%name% [.(]") && vartok->variable() && !vartok->variable()->isPointer())
return nullptr;
while (Token::simpleMatch(valueExpr->astParent(), ".") && astIsLhs(valueExpr) && valueExpr->astParent()->valueType() && valueExpr->astParent()->valueType()->pointer == 0)
valueExpr = valueExpr->astParent();
}
const Token *derefValue = nullptr; // dereferenced value expression
if (alloc != NO_ALLOC) {
const int arrayDim = (vartok->variable() && vartok->variable()->isArray()) ? vartok->variable()->dimensions().size() : 1;
int deref = 0;
derefValue = valueExpr;
while (Token::Match(derefValue->astParent(), "+|-|*|[|.") ||
(derefValue->astParent() && derefValue->astParent()->isCast()) ||
(deref < arrayDim && Token::simpleMatch(derefValue->astParent(), "&") && derefValue->astParent()->isBinaryOp())) {
const Token * const derefValueParent = derefValue->astParent();
if (derefValueParent->str() == "*") {
if (derefValueParent->isUnaryOp("*"))
++deref;
else
break;
} else if (derefValueParent->str() == "[") {
if (astIsLhs(derefValue))
++deref;
else
break;
} else if (Token::Match(derefValueParent, "[+-]")) {
if (deref >= arrayDim)
break;
} else if (derefValueParent->str() == ".")
++deref;
derefValue = derefValueParent;
if (deref < arrayDim)
valueExpr = derefValue;
}
if (deref < arrayDim) {
// todo compare deref with array dimensions
derefValue = nullptr;
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}
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} else if (vartok->astParent() && vartok->astParent()->isUnaryOp("&")) {
const Token *child = vartok->astParent();
const Token *parent = child->astParent();
while (parent && (parent->isCast() || parent->str() == "+")) {
child = parent;
parent = child->astParent();
}
if (parent && (parent->isUnaryOp("*") || (parent->str() == "[" && astIsLhs(child))))
derefValue = parent;
}
if (!valueExpr->astParent())
return nullptr;
// FIXME handle address of!!
if (derefValue && derefValue->astParent() && derefValue->astParent()->isUnaryOp("&"))
return nullptr;
// BAILOUT for binary & without parent
if (Token::simpleMatch(valueExpr->astParent(), "&") && astIsRhs(valueExpr) && Token::Match(valueExpr->astParent()->tokAt(-3), "( %name% ) &"))
return nullptr;
// safe operations
if (isVoidCast(valueExpr->astParent()))
return nullptr;
if (Token::simpleMatch(valueExpr->astParent(), ".")) {
const Token *parent = valueExpr->astParent();
while (Token::simpleMatch(parent, "."))
parent = parent->astParent();
if (isVoidCast(parent))
return nullptr;
}
if (alloc != NO_ALLOC) {
if (Token::Match(valueExpr->astParent(), "%comp%|%oror%|&&|?|!"))
return nullptr;
if (Token::Match(valueExpr->astParent(), "%or%|&") && valueExpr->astParent()->isBinaryOp())
return nullptr;
if (alloc == CTOR_CALL && derefValue && Token::simpleMatch(derefValue->astParent(), "(") && astIsLhs(derefValue))
return nullptr;
if (Token::simpleMatch(valueExpr->astParent(), "return"))
return nullptr;
}
// Passing variable to function..
if (Token::Match(valueExpr->astParent(), "[(,]") && (valueExpr->astParent()->str() == "," || astIsRhs(valueExpr))) {
const Token *parent = valueExpr->astParent();
while (Token::simpleMatch(parent, ","))
parent = parent->astParent();
if (Token::simpleMatch(parent, "{"))
return valueExpr;
const int use = isFunctionParUsage(valueExpr, library, pointer, alloc, indirect);
return (use>0) ? valueExpr : nullptr;
}
if (derefValue && Token::Match(derefValue->astParent(), "[(,]") && (derefValue->astParent()->str() == "," || astIsRhs(derefValue))) {
const int use = isFunctionParUsage(derefValue, library, false, NO_ALLOC, indirect);
return (use>0) ? derefValue : nullptr;
}
if (valueExpr->astParent()->isUnaryOp("&")) {
const Token *parent = valueExpr->astParent();
if (Token::Match(parent->astParent(), "[(,]") && (parent->astParent()->str() == "," || astIsRhs(parent))) {
const int use = isFunctionParUsage(valueExpr, library, pointer, alloc, indirect);
return (use>0) ? valueExpr : nullptr;
}
return nullptr;
}
// Assignments;
// * Is this LHS in assignment
// * Passing address in RHS to pointer variable
{
const Token *tok = derefValue ? derefValue : valueExpr;
if (alloc == NO_ALLOC) {
while (tok->valueType() && tok->valueType()->pointer == 0 && Token::simpleMatch(tok->astParent(), "."))
tok = tok->astParent();
}
if (Token::simpleMatch(tok->astParent(), "=")) {
if (astIsLhs(tok)) {
if (alloc == ARRAY || !derefValue || !derefValue->isUnaryOp("*") || !pointer)
return nullptr;
const Token* deref = derefValue->astOperand1();
while (deref && deref->isCast())
deref = deref->astOperand1();
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if (deref == vartok || Token::simpleMatch(deref, "+"))
return nullptr;
}
if (alloc != NO_ALLOC && astIsRhs(valueExpr))
return nullptr;
}
}
// Initialize reference variable
if (Token::Match((derefValue ? derefValue : vartok)->astParent(), "(|=") && astIsRhs(derefValue ? derefValue : vartok)) {
const Token *rhstok = derefValue ? derefValue : vartok;
const Token *lhstok = rhstok->astParent()->astOperand1();
const Variable *lhsvar = lhstok->variable();
if (lhsvar && lhsvar->isReference() && lhsvar->nameToken() == lhstok)
return nullptr;
2012-06-13 19:09:51 +02:00
}
// range for loop
if (Token::simpleMatch(valueExpr->astParent(), ":") &&
valueExpr->astParent()->astParent() &&
Token::simpleMatch(valueExpr->astParent()->astParent()->previous(), "for (")) {
if (astIsLhs(valueExpr))
return nullptr;
// Taking value by reference?
const Token *lhs = valueExpr->astParent()->astOperand1();
if (lhs && lhs->variable() && lhs->variable()->nameToken() == lhs && lhs->variable()->isReference())
return nullptr;
}
// Stream read/write
// FIXME this code is a hack!!
if (cpp && Token::Match(valueExpr->astParent(), "<<|>>")) {
if (isLikelyStreamRead(cpp, vartok->previous()))
return nullptr;
if (const auto* vt = valueExpr->valueType()) {
if (vt->type == ValueType::Type::VOID)
return nullptr;
// passing a char* to a stream will dereference it
if ((alloc == CTOR_CALL || alloc == ARRAY) && vt->pointer && vt->type != ValueType::Type::CHAR && vt->type != ValueType::Type::WCHAR_T)
return nullptr;
}
}
if (astIsRhs(derefValue) && isLikelyStreamRead(cpp, derefValue->astParent()))
return nullptr;
// Assignment with overloaded &
if (cpp && Token::simpleMatch(valueExpr->astParent(), "&") && astIsRhs(valueExpr)) {
const Token *parent = valueExpr->astParent();
while (Token::simpleMatch(parent, "&") && parent->isBinaryOp())
parent = parent->astParent();
if (!parent) {
const Token *lhs = valueExpr->astParent();
while (Token::simpleMatch(lhs, "&") && lhs->isBinaryOp())
lhs = lhs->astOperand1();
if (lhs && lhs->isName() && (!lhs->valueType() || lhs->valueType()->type <= ValueType::Type::CONTAINER))
return nullptr; // <- possible assignment
}
}
return derefValue ? derefValue : valueExpr;
}
const Token* CheckUninitVar::isVariableUsage(const Token *vartok, bool pointer, Alloc alloc, int indirect) const
{
return isVariableUsage(vartok, mSettings->library, pointer, alloc, indirect);
}
/***
* Is function parameter "used" so a "usage of uninitialized variable" can
* be written? If parameter is passed "by value" then it is "used". If it
* is passed "by reference" then it is not necessarily "used".
* @return -1 => unknown 0 => not used 1 => used
*/
int CheckUninitVar::isFunctionParUsage(const Token *vartok, const Library& library, bool pointer, Alloc alloc, int indirect)
{
bool unknown = false;
const Token *parent = getAstParentSkipPossibleCastAndAddressOf(vartok, &unknown);
if (unknown || !Token::Match(parent, "[(,]"))
return -1;
// locate start parentheses in function call..
int argumentNumber = 0;
const Token *start = vartok;
while (start && !Token::Match(start, "[;{}(]")) {
if (start->str() == ")")
start = start->link();
else if (start->str() == ",")
++argumentNumber;
start = start->previous();
}
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if (!start)
return -1;
if (Token::simpleMatch(start->link(), ") {") && Token::Match(start->previous(), "if|for|while|switch"))
return (!pointer || alloc == NO_ALLOC);
// is this a function call?
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if (Token::Match(start->previous(), "%name% (")) {
const bool address(vartok->previous()->str() == "&");
const bool array(vartok->variable() && vartok->variable()->isArray());
// check how function handle uninitialized data arguments..
const Function *func = start->previous()->function();
if (func) {
const Variable *arg = func->getArgumentVar(argumentNumber);
if (arg) {
const Token *argStart = arg->typeStartToken();
if (!address && !array && Token::Match(argStart, "%type% %name%| [,)]"))
return 1;
if (pointer && !address && alloc == NO_ALLOC && Token::Match(argStart, "%type% * %name% [,)]"))
return 1;
while (argStart->previous() && argStart->previous()->isName())
argStart = argStart->previous();
if (Token::Match(argStart, "const %type% & %name% [,)]")) {
// If it's a record it's ok to pass a partially uninitialized struct.
if (vartok->variable() && vartok->variable()->valueType() && vartok->variable()->valueType()->type == ValueType::Type::RECORD)
return -1;
return 1;
}
if ((pointer || address) && Token::Match(argStart, "const %type% %name% [") && Token::Match(argStart->linkAt(3), "] [,)]"))
return 1;
}
} else if (Token::Match(start->previous(), "if|while|for")) {
// control-flow statement reading the variable "by value"
return alloc == NO_ALLOC;
} else {
const bool isnullbad = library.isnullargbad(start->previous(), argumentNumber + 1);
if (indirect == 0 && pointer && !address && isnullbad && alloc == NO_ALLOC)
return 1;
bool hasIndirect = false;
const bool isuninitbad = library.isuninitargbad(start->previous(), argumentNumber + 1, indirect, &hasIndirect);
if (alloc != NO_ALLOC)
return (isnullbad || hasIndirect) && isuninitbad;
return isuninitbad && (!address || isnullbad);
}
}
// unknown
return -1;
}
int CheckUninitVar::isFunctionParUsage(const Token *vartok, bool pointer, Alloc alloc, int indirect) const
{
return CheckUninitVar::isFunctionParUsage(vartok, mSettings->library, pointer, alloc, indirect);
}
bool CheckUninitVar::isMemberVariableAssignment(const Token *tok, const std::string &membervar) const
{
if (Token::Match(tok, "%name% . %name%") && tok->strAt(2) == membervar) {
if (Token::Match(tok->tokAt(3), "[=.[]"))
return true;
if (Token::Match(tok->tokAt(-2), "[(,=] &"))
return true;
if (isLikelyStreamRead(mTokenizer->isCPP(), tok->previous()))
return true;
if ((tok->previous() && tok->previous()->isConstOp()) || Token::Match(tok->previous(), "[|="))
; // member variable usage
else if (tok->tokAt(3)->isConstOp())
; // member variable usage
else if (Token::Match(tok->previous(), "[(,] %name% . %name% [,)]") &&
1 == isFunctionParUsage(tok, false, NO_ALLOC)) {
return false;
} else
return true;
} else if (tok->strAt(1) == "=")
return true;
else if (Token::Match(tok, "%var% . %name% (")) {
const Token *ftok = tok->tokAt(2);
if (!ftok->function() || !ftok->function()->isConst())
// TODO: Try to determine if membervar is assigned in method
return true;
} else if (tok->strAt(-1) == "&") {
if (Token::Match(tok->tokAt(-2), "[(,] & %name%")) {
// locate start parentheses in function call..
int argumentNumber = 0;
const Token *ftok = tok;
while (ftok && !Token::Match(ftok, "[;{}(]")) {
if (ftok->str() == ")")
ftok = ftok->link();
else if (ftok->str() == ",")
++argumentNumber;
ftok = ftok->previous();
}
// is this a function call?
ftok = ftok ? ftok->previous() : nullptr;
if (Token::Match(ftok, "%name% (")) {
// check how function handle uninitialized data arguments..
const Function *function = ftok->function();
if (!function && mSettings) {
// Function definition not seen, check if direction is specified in the library configuration
const Library::ArgumentChecks::Direction argDirection = mSettings->library.getArgDirection(ftok, 1 + argumentNumber);
if (argDirection == Library::ArgumentChecks::Direction::DIR_IN)
return false;
if (argDirection == Library::ArgumentChecks::Direction::DIR_OUT)
return true;
}
const Variable *arg = function ? function->getArgumentVar(argumentNumber) : nullptr;
const Token *argStart = arg ? arg->typeStartToken() : nullptr;
while (argStart && argStart->previous() && argStart->previous()->isName())
argStart = argStart->previous();
if (Token::Match(argStart, "const struct| %type% * const| %name% [,)]"))
return false;
}
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else if (ftok && Token::simpleMatch(ftok->previous(), "= * ("))
return false;
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
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bool CheckUninitVar::isMemberVariableUsage(const Token *tok, bool isPointer, Alloc alloc, const std::string &membervar) const
{
if (Token::Match(tok->previous(), "[(,] %name% . %name% [,)]") &&
tok->strAt(2) == membervar) {
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const int use = isFunctionParUsage(tok, isPointer, alloc);
if (use == 1)
return true;
}
if (isMemberVariableAssignment(tok, membervar))
return false;
if (Token::Match(tok, "%name% . %name%") && tok->strAt(2) == membervar && !(tok->tokAt(-2)->variable() && tok->tokAt(-2)->variable()->isReference())) {
const Token *parent = tok->next()->astParent();
return !parent || !parent->isUnaryOp("&");
}
if (!isPointer && !Token::simpleMatch(tok->astParent(), ".") && Token::Match(tok->previous(), "[(,] %name% [,)]") && isVariableUsage(tok, isPointer, alloc))
return true;
if (!isPointer && Token::Match(tok->previous(), "= %name% ;")) {
const Token* lhs = tok->previous()->astOperand1();
return !(lhs && lhs->variable() && lhs->variable()->isReference() && lhs == lhs->variable()->nameToken());
}
// = *(&var);
if (!isPointer &&
Token::simpleMatch(tok->astParent(),"&") &&
Token::simpleMatch(tok->astParent()->astParent(),"*") &&
Token::Match(tok->astParent()->astParent()->astParent(), "= * (| &") &&
tok->astParent()->astParent()->astParent()->astOperand2() == tok->astParent()->astParent())
return true;
// TODO: this used to be experimental - enable or remove see #5586
if ((false) && // NOLINT(readability-simplify-boolean-expr)
!isPointer &&
Token::Match(tok->tokAt(-2), "[(,] & %name% [,)]") &&
isVariableUsage(tok, isPointer, alloc))
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return true;
return false;
}
void CheckUninitVar::uninitdataError(const Token *tok, const std::string &varname)
{
reportError(tok, Severity::error, "uninitdata", "$symbol:" + varname + "\nMemory is allocated but not initialized: $symbol", CWE_USE_OF_UNINITIALIZED_VARIABLE, Certainty::normal);
}
void CheckUninitVar::uninitvarError(const Token *tok, const std::string &varname, ErrorPath errorPath)
{
if (diag(tok))
return;
errorPath.emplace_back(tok, "");
reportError(errorPath,
Severity::error,
"legacyUninitvar",
"$symbol:" + varname + "\nUninitialized variable: $symbol",
CWE_USE_OF_UNINITIALIZED_VARIABLE,
Certainty::normal);
}
void CheckUninitVar::uninitvarError(const Token* tok, const ValueFlow::Value& v)
{
if (!mSettings->isEnabled(&v))
return;
if (diag(tok))
return;
const Token* ltok = tok;
if (tok && Token::simpleMatch(tok->astParent(), ".") && astIsRHS(tok))
ltok = tok->astParent();
const std::string& varname = ltok ? ltok->expressionString() : "x";
ErrorPath errorPath = v.errorPath;
errorPath.emplace_back(tok, "");
auto severity = v.isKnown() ? Severity::error : Severity::warning;
auto certainty = v.isInconclusive() ? Certainty::inconclusive : Certainty::normal;
if (v.subexpressions.empty()) {
reportError(errorPath,
severity,
"uninitvar",
"$symbol:" + varname + "\nUninitialized variable: $symbol",
CWE_USE_OF_UNINITIALIZED_VARIABLE,
certainty);
return;
}
std::string vars = v.subexpressions.size() == 1 ? "variable: " : "variables: ";
std::string prefix;
for (const std::string& var : v.subexpressions) {
vars += prefix + varname + "." + var;
prefix = ", ";
}
reportError(errorPath,
severity,
"uninitvar",
"$symbol:" + varname + "\nUninitialized " + vars,
CWE_USE_OF_UNINITIALIZED_VARIABLE,
certainty);
}
void CheckUninitVar::uninitStructMemberError(const Token *tok, const std::string &membername)
{
reportError(tok,
Severity::error,
"uninitStructMember",
"$symbol:" + membername + "\nUninitialized struct member: $symbol", CWE_USE_OF_UNINITIALIZED_VARIABLE, Certainty::normal);
}
void CheckUninitVar::valueFlowUninit()
{
logChecker("CheckUninitVar::valueFlowUninit");
const SymbolDatabase *symbolDatabase = mTokenizer->getSymbolDatabase();
std::unordered_set<nonneg int> ids;
for (const bool subfunction : {false, true}) {
// check every executable scope
for (const Scope* scope : symbolDatabase->functionScopes) {
for (const Token* tok = scope->bodyStart; tok != scope->bodyEnd; tok = tok->next()) {
if (isUnevaluated(tok)) {
tok = tok->linkAt(1);
continue;
}
if (ids.count(tok->exprId()) > 0)
continue;
if (!tok->variable() && !tok->isUnaryOp("*") && !tok->isUnaryOp("&"))
continue;
if (Token::Match(tok, "%name% ("))
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continue;
const Token* parent = tok->astParent();
while (Token::simpleMatch(parent, "."))
parent = parent->astParent();
if (parent && parent->isUnaryOp("&"))
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continue;
if (isVoidCast(parent))
continue;
auto v = std::find_if(
tok->values().cbegin(), tok->values().cend(), std::mem_fn(&ValueFlow::Value::isUninitValue));
if (v == tok->values().cend())
continue;
if (v->tokvalue && ids.count(v->tokvalue->exprId()) > 0)
continue;
if (subfunction == (v->path == 0))
continue;
if (v->isInconclusive())
continue;
if (v->indirect > 1 || v->indirect < 0)
continue;
bool uninitderef = false;
if (tok->variable()) {
bool unknown;
const bool isarray = tok->variable()->isArray();
if (isarray && tok->variable()->isMember())
continue; // Todo: this is a bailout
const bool ispointer = astIsPointer(tok) && !isarray;
const bool deref = CheckNullPointer::isPointerDeRef(tok, unknown, mSettings);
if (ispointer && v->indirect == 1 && !deref)
continue;
if (isarray && !deref)
continue;
uninitderef = deref && v->indirect == 0;
const bool isleaf = isLeafDot(tok) || uninitderef;
if (!isleaf && Token::Match(tok->astParent(), ". %name%") && (tok->astParent()->next()->varId() || tok->astParent()->next()->isEnumerator()))
continue;
}
const ExprUsage usage = getExprUsage(tok, v->indirect, mSettings, mTokenizer->isCPP());
if (usage == ExprUsage::NotUsed || usage == ExprUsage::Inconclusive)
continue;
if (!v->subexpressions.empty() && usage == ExprUsage::PassedByReference)
continue;
if (usage != ExprUsage::Used) {
if (!(Token::Match(tok->astParent(), ". %name% (") && uninitderef) &&
isVariableChanged(tok, v->indirect, mSettings, mTokenizer->isCPP()))
continue;
bool inconclusive = false;
if (isVariableChangedByFunctionCall(tok, v->indirect, mSettings, &inconclusive) || inconclusive)
continue;
}
uninitvarError(tok, *v);
ids.insert(tok->exprId());
if (v->tokvalue)
ids.insert(v->tokvalue->exprId());
}
}
}
}
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-non-const-parameter) - used as callback so we need to preserve the signature
static bool isVariableUsage(const Settings *settings, const Token *vartok, MathLib::bigint *value)
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{
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(void)value;
return CheckUninitVar::isVariableUsage(vartok, settings->library, true, CheckUninitVar::Alloc::ARRAY);
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}
// a Clang-built executable will crash when using the anonymous MyFileInfo later on - so put it in a unique namespace for now
// see https://trac.cppcheck.net/ticket/12108 for more details
#ifdef __clang__
inline namespace CheckUninitVar_internal
#else
namespace
#endif
{
/* data for multifile checking */
class MyFileInfo : public Check::FileInfo {
public:
/** function arguments that data are unconditionally read */
std::list<CTU::FileInfo::UnsafeUsage> unsafeUsage;
/** Convert data into xml string */
std::string toString() const override
{
return CTU::toString(unsafeUsage);
}
};
}
Check::FileInfo *CheckUninitVar::getFileInfo(const Tokenizer *tokenizer, const Settings *settings) const
{
const std::list<CTU::FileInfo::UnsafeUsage> &unsafeUsage = CTU::getUnsafeUsage(tokenizer, settings, ::isVariableUsage);
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if (unsafeUsage.empty())
return nullptr;
MyFileInfo *fileInfo = new MyFileInfo;
fileInfo->unsafeUsage = unsafeUsage;
return fileInfo;
}
Check::FileInfo * CheckUninitVar::loadFileInfoFromXml(const tinyxml2::XMLElement *xmlElement) const
{
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const std::list<CTU::FileInfo::UnsafeUsage> &unsafeUsage = CTU::loadUnsafeUsageListFromXml(xmlElement);
if (unsafeUsage.empty())
return nullptr;
MyFileInfo *fileInfo = new MyFileInfo;
fileInfo->unsafeUsage = unsafeUsage;
return fileInfo;
}
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bool CheckUninitVar::analyseWholeProgram(const CTU::FileInfo *ctu, const std::list<Check::FileInfo*> &fileInfo, const Settings& settings, ErrorLogger &errorLogger)
{
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if (!ctu)
return false;
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bool foundErrors = false;
(void)settings; // This argument is unused
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const std::map<std::string, std::list<const CTU::FileInfo::CallBase *>> callsMap = ctu->getCallsMap();
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for (const Check::FileInfo* fi1 : fileInfo) {
const MyFileInfo *fi = dynamic_cast<const MyFileInfo*>(fi1);
if (!fi)
continue;
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for (const CTU::FileInfo::UnsafeUsage &unsafeUsage : fi->unsafeUsage) {
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const CTU::FileInfo::FunctionCall *functionCall = nullptr;
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const std::list<ErrorMessage::FileLocation> &locationList =
CTU::FileInfo::getErrorPath(CTU::FileInfo::InvalidValueType::uninit,
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unsafeUsage,
callsMap,
"Using argument ARG",
&functionCall,
false);
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if (locationList.empty())
continue;
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const ErrorMessage errmsg(locationList,
emptyString,
Severity::error,
"Using argument " + unsafeUsage.myArgumentName + " that points at uninitialized variable " + functionCall->callArgumentExpression,
"ctuuninitvar",
CWE_USE_OF_UNINITIALIZED_VARIABLE,
Certainty::normal);
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errorLogger.reportErr(errmsg);
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foundErrors = true;
}
}
return foundErrors;
}