diff --git a/lib/tokenize.cpp b/lib/tokenize.cpp
index 818de8a08..3b5704d1c 100644
--- a/lib/tokenize.cpp
+++ b/lib/tokenize.cpp
@@ -921,11 +921,7 @@ namespace {
             }
         }
 
-        bool canReplace(const Token* tok) {
-            if (mNameToken == tok)
-                return false;
-            if (!Token::Match(tok->previous(), "%name%|;|{|}|(|,|<") && !Token::Match(tok->previous(), "!!. %name% ("))
-                return false;
+        static int canReplaceStatic(const Token* tok) {
             if (!Token::Match(tok, "%name% %name%|*|&|&&|;|(|)|,|::")) {
                 if (Token::Match(tok->previous(), "( %name% =") && Token::Match(tok->linkAt(-1), ") %name%|{") && !tok->tokAt(-2)->isKeyword())
                     return true;
@@ -933,8 +929,19 @@ namespace {
                     return true;
                 if (Token::Match(tok->previous(), "new %name% ["))
                     return true;
-                if (Token::Match(tok->previous(), "< %name% >"))
+                if (Token::Match(tok->previous(), "< %name%") && tok->previous()->findClosingBracket())
                     return true;
+                if (Token::Match(tok->previous(), ", %name% >|>>")) {
+                    for (const Token* prev = tok->previous(); prev; prev = prev->previous()) {
+                        if (Token::Match(prev, "[;{}(]"))
+                            break;
+                        if (prev->str() == "<" && prev->findClosingBracket() == tok->next())
+                            return true;
+                        if (prev->str() == ")")
+                            prev = prev->link();
+                    }
+                    return true;
+                }
                 if (Token::Match(tok->previous(), "public|protected|private"))
                     return true;
                 if (Token::Match(tok->previous(), ", %name% :")) {
@@ -951,6 +958,19 @@ namespace {
                 }
                 return false;
             }
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        bool canReplace(const Token* tok) {
+            if (mNameToken == tok)
+                return false;
+            if (!Token::Match(tok->previous(), "%name%|;|{|}|(|,|<") && !Token::Match(tok->previous(), "!!. %name% ("))
+                return false;
+            {
+                const int res = canReplaceStatic(tok);
+                if (res == 0 || res == 1)
+                    return res != 0;
+            }
             if (Token::Match(tok->previous(), "%name%") && !tok->previous()->isKeyword())
                 return false;
             if (Token::simpleMatch(tok->next(), "(") && Token::Match(tok->linkAt(1), ") %name%|{"))
@@ -1843,7 +1863,7 @@ void Tokenizer::simplifyTypedefCpp()
                         } else if (Token::Match(tok2->tokAt(-2), "%type% *|&")) {
                             // Ticket #5868: Don't substitute variable names
                         } else if (tok2->previous()->str() != ".") {
-                            simplifyType = true;
+                            simplifyType = (TypedefSimplifier::canReplaceStatic(tok2) != 0);
                         }
                     }
                 }
diff --git a/test/testgarbage.cpp b/test/testgarbage.cpp
index d0947e3e1..b4d68c792 100644
--- a/test/testgarbage.cpp
+++ b/test/testgarbage.cpp
@@ -812,7 +812,7 @@ private:
     }
 
     void garbageCode85() { // #6784
-        ASSERT_THROW(checkCode("{ } { } typedef void ( *VoidFunc() ) ( ) ; VoidFunc"), InternalError); // do not crash
+        checkCode("{ } { } typedef void ( *VoidFunc() ) ( ) ; VoidFunc"); // do not crash
     }
 
     void garbageCode86() { // #6785
diff --git a/test/testsimplifytypedef.cpp b/test/testsimplifytypedef.cpp
index 6ca82db5b..efc9f0b44 100644
--- a/test/testsimplifytypedef.cpp
+++ b/test/testsimplifytypedef.cpp
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ private:
         TEST_CASE(canreplace1);
         TEST_CASE(canreplace2);
         TEST_CASE(canreplace3);
+        TEST_CASE(canreplace4);
         TEST_CASE(cconst);
         TEST_CASE(cstruct1);
         TEST_CASE(cstruct2);
@@ -353,6 +354,14 @@ private:
         ASSERT_EQUALS("struct S { const char * g ( ) const { return s . c_str ( ) ; } std :: string s ; } ;", simplifyTypedefC(code1));
     }
 
+    void canreplace4() {
+        const char code1[] = "typedef std::vector<int> X;\n" // #12026
+                             "struct S {\n"
+                             "    enum E { X };\n"
+                             "};\n";
+        ASSERT_EQUALS("struct S { enum E { X } ; } ;", simplifyTypedef(code1));
+    }
+
     void cconst() {
         const char code1[] = "typedef void* HWND;\n"
                              "const HWND x;";