manual: updated documentation for --template and --template-location
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Daniel Marjamäki
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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
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<bookinfo>
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<title>Cppcheck 1.84 dev</title>
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<date>2018-01-21</date>
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<date>2018-04-23</date>
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</bookinfo>
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<chapter>
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@ -661,93 +661,287 @@ cppcheck -DA --force file.c</programlisting>
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<para>If you want to reformat the output so it looks different you can use
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templates.</para>
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<section>
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<title>Predefined output formats</title>
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<para>To get Visual Studio compatible output you can use <parameter
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class="command">--template=vs</parameter>:</para>
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<programlisting>cppcheck --template=vs gui/test.cpp</programlisting>
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<programlisting>cppcheck --template=vs samples/arrayIndexOutOfBounds/bad.c</programlisting>
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<para>This output will look like this:</para>
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<programlisting>Checking gui/test.cpp...
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gui/test.cpp(31): error: Memory leak: b
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gui/test.cpp(16): error: Mismatching allocation and deallocation: k</programlisting>
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<programlisting>Checking samples/arrayIndexOutOfBounds/bad.c ...
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samples/arrayIndexOutOfBounds/bad.c(6): error: Array 'a[2]' accessed at index 2, which is out of bounds.</programlisting>
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<para>To get gcc compatible output you can use <parameter
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class="command">--template=gcc</parameter>:</para>
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<para>To get <literal>gcc</literal> compatible output you can use
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<parameter class="command">--template=gcc</parameter>:</para>
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<programlisting>cppcheck --template=gcc gui/test.cpp</programlisting>
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<programlisting>cppcheck --template=gcc samples/arrayIndexOutOfBounds/bad.c</programlisting>
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<para>The output will look like this:</para>
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<programlisting>Checking gui/test.cpp...
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gui/test.cpp:31: error: Memory leak: b
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gui/test.cpp:16: error: Mismatching allocation and deallocation: k</programlisting>
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<programlisting>Checking samples/arrayIndexOutOfBounds/bad.c ...
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samples/arrayIndexOutOfBounds/bad.c:6:6: warning: Array 'a[2]' accessed at index 2, which is out of bounds. [arrayIndexOutOfBounds]
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a[2] = 0;
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^</programlisting>
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</section>
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<para>You can write your own pattern (for example a comma-separated
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format):</para>
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<section>
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<title>User defined output format (single line)</title>
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<programlisting>cppcheck --template="{file},{line},{severity},{id},{message}" gui/test.cpp</programlisting>
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<para>You can write your own pattern. For instance, to get warning
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messages that are formatted like old <literal>gcc</literal> such format
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can be used:</para>
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<programlisting>cppcheck --template="{file}:{line}: {severity}: {message}" samples/arrayIndexOutOfBounds/bad.c</programlisting>
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<para>The output will look like this:</para>
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<programlisting>Checking gui/test.cpp...
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gui/test.cpp,31,error,memleak,Memory leak: b
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gui/test.cpp,16,error,mismatchAllocDealloc,Mismatching allocation and deallocation: k</programlisting>
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<programlisting>Checking samples/arrayIndexOutOfBounds/bad.c ...
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samples/arrayIndexOutOfBounds/bad.c:6: error: Array 'a[2]' accessed at index 2, which is out of bounds.</programlisting>
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<para>The following format specifiers are supported:</para>
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<para>A comma separated format:</para>
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<programlisting>cppcheck --template="{file},{line},{severity},{id},{message}" samples/arrayIndexOutOfBounds/bad.c</programlisting>
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<para>The output will look like this:</para>
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<programlisting>Checking samples/arrayIndexOutOfBounds/bad.c ...
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samples/arrayIndexOutOfBounds/bad.c,6,error,arrayIndexOutOfBounds,Array 'a[2]' accessed at index 2, which is out of bounds.</programlisting>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>User defined output format (multi line)</title>
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<para>Many warnings have multiple locations. Example code:</para>
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<programlisting>void f(int *p)
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{
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*p = 3; // line 3
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}
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int main()
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{
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int *p = 0; // line 8
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f(p); // line 9
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return 0;
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}</programlisting>
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<para>There is a possible null pointer dereference at line 3. Cppcheck
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can show how it came to that conclusion by showing extra location
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information. You need to use both <literal>--template</literal> and
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<literal>--template-location</literal> at the command line.</para>
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<para>Example command:</para>
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<programlisting>cppcheck --template="{file}:{line}: {severity}: {message}\n{code}" --template-location="{file}:{line}: note: {info}\n{code}" multiline.c</programlisting>
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<para>The output from Cppcheck is:</para>
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<programlisting>Checking multiline.c ...
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multiline.c:3: warning: Possible null pointer dereference: p
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*p = 3;
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^
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multiline.c:8: note: Assignment 'p=0', assigned value is 0
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int *p = 0;
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^
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multiline.c:9: note: Calling function 'f', 1st argument 'p' value is 0
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f(p);
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^
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multiline.c:3: note: Null pointer dereference
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*p = 3;
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^</programlisting>
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<para>The first line in the warning is formatted by the
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<literal>--template</literal> format.</para>
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<para>The other lines in the warning are formatted by the
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<literal>--template-location</literal> format.</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Format specifiers for --template</title>
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<para>The available specifiers for <literal>--template</literal>
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are:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>callstack</term>
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<term>{file}</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>callstack - if available</para>
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<para>File name</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>file</term>
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<term>{line}</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>filename</para>
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<para>Line number</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>id</term>
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<term>{column}</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>message id</para>
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<para>Column number</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>line</term>
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<term>{callstack}</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>line number</para>
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<para>Write all locations. Each location is written in
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[{file}:{line}] format and the locations are separated by ->.
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For instance it might look like: [multiline.c:8] ->
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[multiline.c:9] -> [multiline.c:3]</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>message</term>
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<term>{inconclusive:text}</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>verbose message text</para>
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<para>If warning is inconclusive then the given text is written.
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The given text can be any arbitrary text that does not contain }.
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Example: {inconclusive:inconclusive,}</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>severity</term>
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<term>{severity}</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>a type/rank of message</para>
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<para>error/warning/style/performance/portability/information</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>{message}</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The warning message</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>{id}</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Warning id</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>{code}</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The real code.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>\t</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Tab</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>\t</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Newline</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>\r</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Carriage return</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</section>
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<para>The escape sequences \b (backspace), \n (newline), \r (formfeed) and
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\t (horizontal tab) are supported.</para>
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<section>
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<title>Format specifiers for --template-location</title>
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<para>The available specifiers for
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<literal>--template-location</literal> are:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>{file}</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>File name</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>{line}</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Line number</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>{column}</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Column number</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>{info}</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Information message about current location</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>{code}</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The real code.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>\t</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Tab</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>\t</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Newline</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>\r</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Carriage return</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</section>
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</chapter>
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<chapter>
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@ -927,8 +1121,8 @@ Checking test.c...
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<programlisting>// cppcheck-suppress arrayIndexOutOfBounds symbolName=arr</programlisting>
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<para> You can write comments for the suppress, however is recommended
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to use ; or // to specify where they start:</para>
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<para>You can write comments for the suppress, however is recommended to
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use ; or // to specify where they start:</para>
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<programlisting>// cppcheck-suppress arrayIndexOutOfBounds ; some comment
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// cppcheck-suppress arrayIndexOutOfBounds // some comment</programlisting>
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