Fix 10570: Improve check; condition then pointer dereference, different pointers (#4216)

* Try to use after assign in loop

* Update valueflow forward to handle init tokens

* Fix tests

* Make test TODO

* Format

* Add tests

* Format

* Fix ubsan error

* Use simpleMatch

lib/forwardanalyzer.cpp

@@ -575,6 +575,22 @@ struct ForwardTraversal {
                 tok = nextAfterAstRightmostLeaf(assignTok);
                 if (!tok)
                     return Break();
+            } else if (Token::simpleMatch(tok, ") {") && Token::Match(tok->link()->previous(), "for|while (")) {
+                // In the middle of a loop structure so bail
+                return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Bail);
+            } else if (tok->str() == ";" && tok->astParent()) {
+                Token* top = tok->astTop();
+                if (top && Token::Match(top->previous(), "for|while (") && Token::simpleMatch(top->link(), ") {")) {
+                    Token* endCond = top->link();
+                    Token* endBlock = endCond->linkAt(1);
+                    Token* condTok = getCondTok(top);
+                    Token* stepTok = getStepTok(top);
+                    // The semicolon should belong to the initTok otherwise something went wrong, so just bail
+                    if (tok->astOperand2() != condTok && !Token::simpleMatch(tok->astOperand2(), ";"))
+                        return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Bail);
+                    if (updateLoop(end, endBlock, condTok, nullptr, stepTok) == Progress::Break)
+                        return Break();
+                }
             } else if (tok->str() == "break") {
                 const Token *scopeEndToken = findNextTokenFromBreak(tok);
                 if (!scopeEndToken)
@@ -640,7 +656,8 @@ struct ForwardTraversal {
                 } else if (Token::simpleMatch(tok->next(), "else {")) {
                     tok = tok->linkAt(2);
                 }
-            } else if (tok->isControlFlowKeyword() && Token::Match(tok, "if|while|for (") && Token::simpleMatch(tok->next()->link(), ") {")) {
+            } else if (tok->isControlFlowKeyword() && Token::Match(tok, "if|while|for (") &&
+                       Token::simpleMatch(tok->next()->link(), ") {")) {
                 Token* endCond = tok->next()->link();
                 Token* endBlock = endCond->next()->link();
                 Token* condTok = getCondTok(tok);

lib/valueflow.cpp

@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@
 #include <array>
 #include <cassert>
 #include <climits>
+#include <cmath>
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <exception>
@@ -918,9 +919,9 @@ static void setTokenValue(Token* tok,
                 const double floatValue1 = value1.isFloatValue() ? value1.floatValue : value1.intvalue;
                 const double floatValue2 = value2.isFloatValue() ? value2.floatValue : value2.intvalue;
                 const MathLib::bigint intValue1 =
-                    value1.isFloatValue() ? static_cast<MathLib::bigint>(value1.floatValue) : value1.intvalue;
+                    value1.isFloatValue() ? std::llround(value1.floatValue) : value1.intvalue;
                 const MathLib::bigint intValue2 =
-                    value2.isFloatValue() ? static_cast<MathLib::bigint>(value2.floatValue) : value2.intvalue;
+                    value2.isFloatValue() ? std::llround(value2.floatValue) : value2.intvalue;
                 if ((value1.isFloatValue() || value2.isFloatValue()) && Token::Match(parent, "&|^|%|<<|>>|==|!=|%or%"))
                     continue;
                 if (Token::Match(parent, "==|!=")) {
@@ -5444,7 +5445,10 @@ static void valueFlowAfterAssign(TokenList *tokenlist, SymbolDatabase* symboldat
         std::unordered_map<nonneg int, std::unordered_set<nonneg int>> backAssigns;
         for (Token* tok = const_cast<Token*>(scope->bodyStart); tok != scope->bodyEnd; tok = tok->next()) {
             // Assignment
-            if ((tok->str() != "=" && !isVariableInit(tok)) || (tok->astParent()))
+            if (tok->str() != "=" && !isVariableInit(tok))
+                continue;
+
+            if (tok->astParent() && !(tok->astParent()->str() == ";" && astIsLHS(tok)))
                 continue;
 
             // Lhs should be a variable

test/testbufferoverrun.cpp

@@ -2380,7 +2380,8 @@ private:
               "        some_condition ? 0 : a[i-1];\n"
               "    }\n"
               "}");
-        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Array index -1 is out of bounds.\n", "", errout.str());
+        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Array 'a[10]' accessed at index -1, which is out of bounds.\n",
+                      errout.str());
 
         check("void f() {\n"
               "    int a[10];\n"

test/teststl.cpp

@@ -2518,13 +2518,16 @@ private:
               "    {\n"
               "        if (a) {\n"
               "            if (b)\n"
-              "                foo.erase(it);\n"
+              "                foo.erase(it);\n" // <- TODO: erase shound't cause inconclusive valueflow
               "            else\n"
               "                *it = 0;\n"
               "        }\n"
               "    }\n"
               "}");
-        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:7] -> [test.cpp:8] -> [test.cpp:8] -> [test.cpp:7] -> [test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:9] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:5]: (error) Using iterator to local container 'foo' that may be invalid.\n", errout.str());
+        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS(
+            "[test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:7] -> [test.cpp:8] -> [test.cpp:8] -> [test.cpp:7] -> [test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:9] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:5]: (error) Using iterator to local container 'foo' that may be invalid.\n",
+            "[test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:7] -> [test.cpp:8] -> [test.cpp:8] -> [test.cpp:7] -> [test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:9] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:5]: (error, inconclusive) Using iterator to local container 'foo' that may be invalid.\n",
+            errout.str());
     }
 
     void eraseGoto() {

test/testvalueflow.cpp

@@ -2603,6 +2603,23 @@ private:
                "  }\n"
                "};";
         ASSERT_EQUALS(true, testValueOfX(code, 6U, 10));
+
+        code = "void f(int i) {\n"
+               "    if (i == 3) {}\n"
+               "    for(int x = i;\n"
+               "        x;\n"
+               "        x++) {}\n"
+               "}\n";
+        ASSERT_EQUALS(true, testValueOfX(code, 4U, 3));
+        ASSERT_EQUALS(false, testValueOfXKnown(code, 4U, 3));
+
+        code = "void f() {\n"
+               "    for(int x = 3;\n"
+               "        x;\n"
+               "        x++) {}\n"
+               "}\n";
+        ASSERT_EQUALS(true, testValueOfX(code, 4U, 3));
+        ASSERT_EQUALS(false, testValueOfXKnown(code, 4U, 3));
     }
 
     void valueFlowAfterSwap()
@@ -3920,7 +3937,10 @@ private:
                "void foo(struct S s) {\n"
                "    for (s.x = 0; s.x < 127; s.x++) {}\n"
                "}";
-        values = removeImpossible(tokenValues(code, "<")); // TODO: comparison can be true or false
+        values = removeImpossible(tokenValues(code, "<"));
+        values.remove_if([&](const ValueFlow::Value& v) {
+            return !v.isKnown();
+        });
         ASSERT_EQUALS(true, values.empty());
     }
 
@@ -4062,7 +4082,7 @@ private:
                "    for (int x = 0; x < 10 && y = do_something();)\n"
                "        x;\n"
                "}";
-        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS(true, false, testValueOfX(code, 4U, 0));
+        ASSERT_EQUALS(true, testValueOfX(code, 4U, 0));
 
         code = "void f() {\n"
                "    int x,y;\n"