diff --git a/lib/path.cpp b/lib/path.cpp
index 4ef2f43e1..86215e276 100644
--- a/lib/path.cpp
+++ b/lib/path.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,17 @@
 #include <cctype>
 #include "path.h"
 
+/** Is the filesystem case insensitive? */
+static bool caseInsensitiveFilesystem()
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    return true;
+#else
+    // TODO: Non-windows filesystems might be case insensitive
+    return false;
+#endif
+}
+
 std::string Path::toNativeSeparators(std::string path)
 {
 #if defined(_WIN32)
@@ -127,7 +138,12 @@ std::string Path::getFilenameExtension(const std::string &path)
     if (dotLocation == std::string::npos)
         return "";
 
-    const std::string extension = path.substr(dotLocation);
+    std::string extension = path.substr(dotLocation);
+    if (caseInsensitiveFilesystem()) {
+        // on a case insensitive filesystem the case doesn't matter so
+        // let's return the extension in lowercase
+        std::transform(extension.begin(), extension.end(), extension.begin(), tolowerWrapper);
+    }
     return extension;
 }
 
diff --git a/test/testpath.cpp b/test/testpath.cpp
index c80e6ba83..e376d1f23 100644
--- a/test/testpath.cpp
+++ b/test/testpath.cpp
@@ -84,14 +84,22 @@ private:
         ASSERT(Path::isC("C:\\foo\\index.c"));
 
         // In unix .C is considered C++
-        ASSERT(Path::isC("C:\\foo\\index.C")==false);
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        ASSERT_EQUALS(true, Path::isC("C:\\foo\\index.C"));
+#else
+        ASSERT_EQUALS(false, Path::isC("C:\\foo\\index.C"));
+#endif
     }
 
     void is_cpp() {
         ASSERT(Path::isCPP("index.c")==false);
 
         // In unix .C is considered C++
-        ASSERT(Path::isCPP("index.C"));
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        ASSERT_EQUALS(false, Path::isCPP("index.C"));
+#else
+        ASSERT_EQUALS(true, Path::isCPP("index.C"));
+#endif
         ASSERT(Path::isCPP("index.cpp"));
         ASSERT(Path::isCPP("C:\\foo\\index.cpp"));
         ASSERT(Path::isCPP("C:\\foo\\index.Cpp"));