/* * Cppcheck - A tool for static C/C++ code analysis * Copyright (C) 2007-2010 Daniel Marjamäki and Cppcheck team. * * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or * (at your option) any later version. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * along with this program. If not, see . */ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- #include "checkclass.h" #include "tokenize.h" #include "token.h" #include "errorlogger.h" #include #include #include #include #include //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Register CheckClass.. namespace { CheckClass instance; } //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- CheckClass::CheckClass(const Tokenizer *tokenizer, const Settings *settings, ErrorLogger *errorLogger) : Check(tokenizer, settings, errorLogger), hasSymbolDatabase(false) { } void CheckClass::createSymbolDatabase() { // Multiple calls => bail out if (hasSymbolDatabase) return; hasSymbolDatabase = true; // find all namespaces (class,struct and namespace) SpaceInfo *info = 0; for (const Token *tok = _tokenizer->tokens(); tok; tok = tok->next()) { // Locate next class if (Token::Match(tok, "class|struct|namespace %var% [{:]")) { SpaceInfo *new_info = new SpaceInfo; new_info->isNamespace = tok->str() == "namespace"; new_info->className = tok->next()->str(); new_info->classDef = tok; new_info->nest = info; new_info->access = tok->str() == "struct" ? Public : Private; new_info->numConstructors = 0; new_info->varlist = getVarList(tok); // goto initial '{' const Token *tok2 = initBaseInfo(new_info, tok); new_info->classStart = tok2; new_info->classEnd = new_info->classStart->link(); info = new_info; // add namespace spaceInfoMMap.insert(std::make_pair(info->className, info)); tok = tok2; } // check if in class else if (info && !info->isNamespace) { // check for end of class if (tok == info->classEnd) { info = info->nest; } else { // What section are we in.. if (tok->str() == "private:") info->access = Private; else if (tok->str() == "protected:") info->access = Protected; else if (tok->str() == "public:") info->access = Public; // function? else if (((Token::Match(tok, "%var% (") || Token::Match(tok, "operator %any% (")) && tok->previous()->str() != "::") && Token::Match(tok->str() == "operator" ? tok->tokAt(2)->link() : tok->next()->link(), ") const| ;|{|=|:")) { Func function; // save the access type function.access = info->access; // save the function name location function.tokenDef = tok; // operator function if (function.tokenDef->str() == "operator") { function.isOperator = true; // update the function name location function.tokenDef = function.tokenDef->next(); // 'operator =' is special if (function.tokenDef->str() == "=") function.type = Func::OperatorEqual; } // class constructor/destructor else if (function.tokenDef->str() == info->className) { if (function.tokenDef->previous()->str() == "~") function.type = Func::Destructor; else if ((Token::Match(function.tokenDef, "%var% ( const %var% & )") || Token::Match(function.tokenDef, "%var% ( const %var% & %var% )")) && function.tokenDef->strAt(3) == info->className) function.type = Func::CopyConstructor; else function.type = Func::Constructor; if (function.tokenDef->previous()->str() == "explicit") function.isExplicit = true; } const Token *tok1 = tok; // look for end of previous statement while (tok1->previous() && !Token::Match(tok1->previous(), ";|}|{|public:|protected:|private:")) { // virtual function if (tok1->previous()->str() == "virtual") { function.isVirtual = true; break; } // static function else if (tok1->previous()->str() == "static") { function.isStatic = true; break; } // friend function else if (tok1->previous()->str() == "friend") { function.isFriend = true; break; } tok1 = tok1->previous(); } // const function if (function.tokenDef->next()->link()->next()->str() == "const") function.isConst = true; // pure virtual function if (Token::Match(function.tokenDef->next()->link(), ") const| = 0 ;")) function.isPure = true; // count the number of constructors if (function.type == Func::Constructor || function.type == Func::CopyConstructor) info->numConstructors++; // assume implementation is inline (definition and implementation same) function.token = function.tokenDef; // jump to end of args const Token *next = function.tokenDef->next()->link(); // out of line function if (Token::Match(next, ") const| ;") || Token::Match(next, ") const| = 0 ;")) { // find implementation using names on stack SpaceInfo * nest = info; unsigned int depth = 0; std::string classPattern; std::string classPath; std::string searchPattern; const Token *funcArgs = function.tokenDef->tokAt(2); if (function.isOperator) classPattern = "operator " + function.tokenDef->str() + " ("; else classPattern = function.tokenDef->str() + " ("; while (!function.hasBody && nest) { classPath = nest->className + std::string(" :: ") + classPath; searchPattern = classPath + classPattern; depth++; nest = nest->nest; // start looking at end of class SpaceInfo * top = info; const Token *found = top->classEnd; while ((found = Token::findmatch(found, searchPattern.c_str(), nest ? nest->classEnd : 0)) != NULL) { // skip other classes if (found->previous()->str() == "::") break; // goto function name while (found->next()->str() != "(") found = found->next(); if (Token::Match(found->next()->link(), function.isConst ? ") const {" : ") {")) { if (argsMatch(funcArgs, found->tokAt(2), classPath, depth)) { function.token = found; function.hasBody = true; info->functionList.push_back(function); break; } // skip function body while (found->str() != "{") found = found->next(); found = found->link(); } } } if (!function.hasBody) info->functionList.push_back(function); tok = next->next(); } // inline function else { function.isInline = true; function.hasBody = true; info->functionList.push_back(function); // skip over function body tok = next->next(); while (tok->str() != "{") tok = tok->next(); tok = tok->link(); } } } } } } CheckClass::~CheckClass() { std::multimap::iterator it; for (it = spaceInfoMMap.begin(); it != spaceInfoMMap.end(); ++it) { SpaceInfo *info = it->second; // Delete the varlist.. while (info->varlist) { Var *nextvar = info->varlist->next; delete info->varlist; info->varlist = nextvar; } delete info; } } //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- const Token *CheckClass::initBaseInfo(SpaceInfo *info, const Token *tok) { // goto initial '{' const Token *tok2 = tok->tokAt(2); while (tok2 && tok2->str() != "{") { // check for base classes if (Token::Match(tok2, ":|,")) { BaseInfo base; tok2 = tok2->next(); if (tok2->str() == "public") { base.access = Public; tok2 = tok2->next(); } else if (tok2->str() == "protected") { base.access = Protected; tok2 = tok2->next(); } else if (tok2->str() == "private") { base.access = Private; tok2 = tok2->next(); } else { if (tok->str() == "class") base.access = Private; else if (tok->str() == "struct") base.access = Public; } // handle derived base classes while (Token::Match(tok2, "%var% ::")) { base.name += tok2->str(); base.name += " :: "; tok2 = tok2->tokAt(2); } base.name += tok2->str(); base.spaceInfo = 0; std::multimap::iterator i; for (i = spaceInfoMMap.begin(); i != spaceInfoMMap.end(); ++i) { SpaceInfo *spaceInfo = i->second; /** @todo handle derived base classes and namespaces */ if (!spaceInfo->isNamespace) { if (spaceInfo->className == base.name) { if (spaceInfo->nest == info->nest) { base.spaceInfo = spaceInfo; break; } } } } // save pattern for base class name info->derivedFrom.push_back(base); } tok2 = tok2->next(); } return tok2; } CheckClass::Var *CheckClass::getVarList(const Token *tok1) { // Get variable list.. Var *varlist = NULL; unsigned int indentlevel = 0; bool isStruct = tok1->str() == "struct"; bool priv = !isStruct; for (const Token *tok = tok1; tok; tok = tok->next()) { if (!tok->next()) break; if (tok->str() == "{") ++indentlevel; else if (tok->str() == "}") { if (indentlevel <= 1) break; --indentlevel; } if (indentlevel != 1) continue; // Borland C++: Skip all variables in the __published section. // These are automaticly initialized. if (tok->str() == "__published:") { priv = false; for (; tok; tok = tok->next()) { if (tok->str() == "{") tok = tok->link(); if (Token::Match(tok->next(), "private:|protected:|public:")) break; } if (tok) continue; else break; } // "private:" "public:" "protected:" etc const bool b((tok->str()[0] != ':') && tok->str().find(":") != std::string::npos); if (b) priv = bool(tok->str() == "private:"); // Search for start of statement.. if (! Token::Match(tok, "[;{}]") && ! b) continue; // This is the start of a statement const Token *next = tok->next(); std::string varname; // If next token contains a ":".. it is not part of a variable declaration if (next->str().find(":") != std::string::npos) continue; // Borland C++: Ignore properties.. if (next->str() == "__property") continue; // Is it const..? if (next->str() == "const") { next = next->next(); } // Is it a static variable? const bool isStatic(Token::simpleMatch(next, "static")); if (isStatic) { next = next->next(); } // Is it a mutable variable? const bool isMutable(Token::simpleMatch(next, "mutable")); if (isMutable) { next = next->next(); } // Is it const..? if (next->str() == "const") { next = next->next(); } // Is it a variable declaration? bool isClass = false; if (Token::Match(next, "%type% %var% ;|:")) { if (!next->isStandardType()) isClass = true; varname = next->strAt(1); } // Structure? else if (Token::Match(next, "struct|union %type% %var% ;")) { varname = next->strAt(2); } // Pointer? else if (Token::Match(next, "%type% * %var% ;")) varname = next->strAt(2); else if (Token::Match(next, "%type% %type% * %var% ;")) varname = next->strAt(3); else if (Token::Match(next, "%type% :: %type% * %var% ;")) varname = next->strAt(4); // Array? else if (Token::Match(next, "%type% %var% [") && next->next()->str() != "operator") { if (!next->isStandardType()) isClass = true; varname = next->strAt(1); } // Pointer array? else if (Token::Match(next, "%type% * %var% [")) varname = next->strAt(2); else if (Token::Match(next, "%type% :: %type% * %var% [")) varname = next->strAt(4); // std::string.. else if (Token::Match(next, "%type% :: %type% %var% ;")) { isClass = true; varname = next->strAt(3); } // Container.. else if (Token::Match(next, "%type% :: %type% <") || Token::Match(next, "%type% <")) { isClass = true; // find matching ">" int level = 0; for (; next; next = next->next()) { if (next->str() == "<") level++; else if (next->str() == ">") { level--; if (level == 0) break; } } if (next && Token::Match(next, "> %var% ;")) varname = next->strAt(1); else if (next && Token::Match(next, "> * %var% ;")) varname = next->strAt(2); } // If the varname was set in the if-blocks above, create a entry for this variable.. if (!varname.empty() && varname != "operator") { Var *var = new Var(varname, false, priv, isMutable, isStatic, isClass, varlist); varlist = var; } } return varlist; } //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- void CheckClass::initVar(Var *varlist, const std::string &varname) { for (Var *var = varlist; var; var = var->next) { if (var->name == varname) { var->init = true; return; } } } //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- void CheckClass::initializeVarList(const Token *tok1, const Token *ftok, Var *varlist, std::list &callstack) { const std::string &classname = tok1->next()->str(); bool isStruct = tok1->str() == "struct"; bool Assign = false; unsigned int indentlevel = 0; for (; ftok; ftok = ftok->next()) { if (!ftok->next()) break; // Class constructor.. initializing variables like this // clKalle::clKalle() : var(value) { } if (indentlevel == 0) { if (Assign && Token::Match(ftok, "%var% (")) { initVar(varlist, ftok->strAt(0)); // assignment in the initializer.. // : var(value = x) if (Token::Match(ftok->tokAt(2), "%var% =")) initVar(varlist, ftok->strAt(2)); } Assign |= (ftok->str() == ":"); } if (ftok->str() == "{") { ++indentlevel; Assign = false; } else if (ftok->str() == "}") { if (indentlevel <= 1) break; --indentlevel; } if (indentlevel < 1) continue; // Variable getting value from stream? if (Token::Match(ftok, ">> %var%")) { initVar(varlist, ftok->strAt(1)); } // Before a new statement there is "[{};)=]" if (! Token::Match(ftok, "[{};()=]")) continue; if (Token::simpleMatch(ftok, "( !")) ftok = ftok->next(); // Using the operator= function to initialize all variables.. if (Token::simpleMatch(ftok->next(), "* this = ")) { for (Var *var = varlist; var; var = var->next) var->init = true; break; } if (Token::Match(ftok->next(), "%var% . %var% (")) ftok = ftok->tokAt(2); if (!Token::Match(ftok->next(), "%var%") && !Token::Match(ftok->next(), "this . %var%") && !Token::Match(ftok->next(), "* %var% =") && !Token::Match(ftok->next(), "( * this ) . %var%")) continue; // Goto the first token in this statement.. ftok = ftok->next(); // Skip "( * this )" if (Token::simpleMatch(ftok, "( * this ) .")) { ftok = ftok->tokAt(5); } // Skip "this->" if (Token::simpleMatch(ftok, "this .")) ftok = ftok->tokAt(2); // Skip "classname :: " if (Token::Match(ftok, "%var% ::")) ftok = ftok->tokAt(2); // Clearing all variables.. if (Token::simpleMatch(ftok, "memset ( this ,")) { for (Var *var = varlist; var; var = var->next) var->init = true; return; } // Clearing array.. else if (Token::Match(ftok, "memset ( %var% ,")) { initVar(varlist, ftok->strAt(2)); ftok = ftok->next()->link(); continue; } // Calling member function? else if (Token::Match(ftok, "%var% (") && ftok->str() != "if") { // Passing "this" => assume that everything is initialized for (const Token * tok2 = ftok->next()->link(); tok2 && tok2 != ftok; tok2 = tok2->previous()) { if (tok2->str() == "this") { for (Var *var = varlist; var; var = var->next) var->init = true; return; } } // recursive call / calling overloaded function // assume that all variables are initialized if (std::find(callstack.begin(), callstack.end(), ftok->str()) != callstack.end()) { for (Var *var = varlist; var; var = var->next) var->init = true; return; } int i = 0; const Token *ftok2 = _tokenizer->findClassFunction(tok1, classname, ftok->strAt(0), i, isStruct); if (ftok2) { callstack.push_back(ftok->str()); initializeVarList(tok1, ftok2, varlist, callstack); callstack.pop_back(); } else // there is a called member function, but it is not defined where we can find it, so we assume it initializes everything { // check if the function is part of this class.. const Token *tok = Token::findmatch(_tokenizer->tokens(), (tok1->str() + " " + classname + " {|:").c_str()); bool derived = false; while (tok && tok->str() != "{") { if (tok->str() == ":") derived = true; tok = tok->next(); } for (tok = tok ? tok->next() : 0; tok; tok = tok->next()) { if (tok->str() == "{") { tok = tok->link(); if (!tok) break; } else if (tok->str() == "}") { break; } else if (tok->str() == ftok->str() || tok->str() == "friend") { if (tok->next()->str() == "(" || tok->str() == "friend") { tok = 0; break; } } } // bail out.. if (!tok || derived) { for (Var *var = varlist; var; var = var->next) var->init = true; break; } // the function is external and it's neither friend nor inherited virtual function. // assume all variables that are passed to it are initialized.. unsigned int indentlevel2 = 0; for (tok = ftok->tokAt(2); tok; tok = tok->next()) { if (tok->str() == "(") ++indentlevel2; else if (tok->str() == ")") { if (indentlevel2 == 0) break; --indentlevel2; } if (tok->isName()) { initVar(varlist, tok->strAt(0)); } } continue; } } // Assignment of member variable? else if (Token::Match(ftok, "%var% =")) { initVar(varlist, ftok->strAt(0)); } // Assignment of array item of member variable? else if (Token::Match(ftok, "%var% [ %any% ] =")) { initVar(varlist, ftok->strAt(0)); } // Assignment of array item of member variable? else if (Token::Match(ftok, "%var% [ %any% ] [ %any% ] =")) { initVar(varlist, ftok->strAt(0)); } // Assignment of array item of member variable? else if (Token::Match(ftok, "* %var% =")) { initVar(varlist, ftok->strAt(1)); } // Assignment of struct member of member variable? else if (Token::Match(ftok, "%var% . %any% =")) { initVar(varlist, ftok->strAt(0)); } // The functions 'clear' and 'Clear' are supposed to initialize variable. if (Token::Match(ftok, "%var% . clear|Clear (")) { initVar(varlist, ftok->strAt(0)); } } } bool CheckClass::argsMatch(const Token *first, const Token *second, const std::string &path, unsigned int depth) const { bool match = false; while (first->str() == second->str()) { // at end of argument list if (first->str() == ")") { match = true; break; } // skip default value assignment else if (first->next()->str() == "=") { first = first->tokAt(2); continue; } // definition missing variable name else if (first->next()->str() == "," && second->next()->str() != ",") second = second->next(); else if (first->next()->str() == ")" && second->next()->str() != ")") second = second->next(); // function missing variable name else if (second->next()->str() == "," && first->next()->str() != ",") first = first->next(); else if (second->next()->str() == ")" && first->next()->str() != ")") first = first->next(); // argument list has different number of arguments else if (second->str() == ")") break; // variable names are different else if ((Token::Match(first->next(), "%var% ,|)|=") && Token::Match(second->next(), "%var% ,|)")) && (first->next()->str() != second->next()->str())) { // skip variable names first = first->next(); second = second->next(); // skip default value assignment if (first->next()->str() == "=") first = first->tokAt(2); } // variable with class path else if (depth && Token::Match(first->next(), "%var%")) { std::string param = path + first->next()->str(); if (Token::Match(second->next(), param.c_str())) { second = second->tokAt(int(depth) * 2); } else if (depth > 1) { std::string short_path = path; // remove last " :: " short_path.resize(short_path.size() - 4); // remove last name while (!short_path.empty() && short_path[short_path.size() - 1] != ' ') short_path.resize(short_path.size() - 1); param = short_path + first->next()->str(); if (Token::Match(second->next(), param.c_str())) { second = second->tokAt((int(depth) - 1) * 2); } } } first = first->next(); second = second->next(); } return match; } //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- // ClassCheck: Check that all class constructors are ok. //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- void CheckClass::constructors() { if (!_settings->_checkCodingStyle) return; createSymbolDatabase(); std::multimap::iterator i; for (i = spaceInfoMMap.begin(); i != spaceInfoMMap.end(); ++i) { SpaceInfo *info = i->second; // don't check namespaces if (info->isNamespace) continue; // There are no constructors. if (info->numConstructors == 0) { // If there is a private variable, there should be a constructor.. for (const Var *var = info->varlist; var; var = var->next) { if (var->priv && !var->isClass && !var->isStatic) { noConstructorError(info->classDef, info->className, info->classDef->str() == "struct"); break; } } } std::list::const_iterator it; for (it = info->functionList.begin(); it != info->functionList.end(); ++it) { if (!it->hasBody || !(it->type == Func::Constructor || it->type == Func::CopyConstructor || it->type == Func::OperatorEqual)) continue; // Mark all variables not used for (Var *var = info->varlist; var; var = var->next) var->init = false; std::list callstack; initializeVarList(info->classDef, it->token, info->varlist, callstack); // Check if any variables are uninitialized for (Var *var = info->varlist; var; var = var->next) { // skip classes for regular constructor if (var->isClass && it->type == Func::Constructor) continue; if (var->init || var->isStatic) continue; // It's non-static and it's not initialized => error if (it->type == Func::OperatorEqual) { const Token *operStart = 0; if (it->token->str() == "=") operStart = it->token->tokAt(1); else operStart = it->token->tokAt(3); bool classNameUsed = false; for (const Token *operTok = operStart; operTok != operStart->link(); operTok = operTok->next()) { if (operTok->str() == info->className) { classNameUsed = true; break; } } if (classNameUsed) operatorEqVarError(it->token, info->className, var->name); } else if (it->access != Private && !var->isStatic) uninitVarError(it->token, info->className, var->name); } } } } //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- // ClassCheck: Unused private functions //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- void CheckClass::privateFunctions() { if (!_settings->_checkCodingStyle) return; const char pattern_class[] = "class|struct %var% {|:"; // Locate some class for (const Token *tok1 = Token::findmatch(_tokenizer->tokens(), pattern_class); tok1; tok1 = Token::findmatch(tok1->next(), pattern_class)) { /** @todo check that the whole class implementation is seen */ // until the todo above is fixed we only check classes that are // declared in the source file if (tok1->fileIndex() != 0) continue; const std::string &classname = tok1->next()->str(); // Get private functions.. std::list FuncList; FuncList.clear(); bool isStruct = tok1->str() == "struct"; bool priv = !isStruct; unsigned int indent_level = 0; for (const Token *tok = tok1; tok; tok = tok->next()) { if (Token::Match(tok, "friend %var%")) { /** @todo Handle friend classes */ FuncList.clear(); break; } if (tok->str() == "{") ++indent_level; else if (tok->str() == "}") { if (indent_level <= 1) break; --indent_level; } else if (indent_level != 1) continue; else if (tok->str() == "private:") priv = true; else if (tok->str() == "public:") priv = false; else if (tok->str() == "protected:") priv = false; else if (priv) { if (Token::Match(tok, "typedef %type% (")) tok = tok->tokAt(2)->link(); else if (Token::Match(tok, "[:,] %var% (")) tok = tok->tokAt(2)->link(); else if (Token::Match(tok, "%var% (") && !Token::simpleMatch(tok->next()->link(), ") (") && !Token::Match(tok, classname.c_str())) { FuncList.push_back(tok); } } /** @todo embedded class have access to private functions */ if (tok->str() == "class") { FuncList.clear(); break; } } // Check that all private functions are used.. bool HasFuncImpl = false; bool inclass = false; indent_level = 0; for (const Token *ftok = _tokenizer->tokens(); ftok; ftok = ftok->next()) { if (ftok->str() == "{") ++indent_level; else if (ftok->str() == "}") { if (indent_level > 0) --indent_level; if (indent_level == 0) inclass = false; } if (Token::Match(ftok, ("class " + classname + " :|{").c_str())) { indent_level = 0; inclass = true; } // Check member class functions to see what functions are used.. if ((inclass && indent_level == 1 && Token::Match(ftok, "%var% (")) || (Token::Match(ftok, (classname + " :: ~| %var% (").c_str()))) { while (ftok && ftok->str() != ")") ftok = ftok->next(); if (!ftok) break; if (Token::Match(ftok, ") : %var% (")) { while (!Token::Match(ftok->next(), "[{};]")) { if (Token::Match(ftok, "::|,|( %var% ,|)")) { // Remove function from FuncList std::list::iterator it = FuncList.begin(); while (it != FuncList.end()) { if (ftok->next()->str() == (*it)->str()) FuncList.erase(it++); else it++; } } ftok = ftok->next(); } } if (!Token::Match(ftok, ") const| {")) continue; if (ftok->fileIndex() == 0) HasFuncImpl = true; // Parse function.. int indentlevel2 = 0; for (const Token *tok2 = ftok; tok2; tok2 = tok2->next()) { if (tok2->str() == "{") ++indentlevel2; else if (tok2->str() == "}") { --indentlevel2; if (indentlevel2 < 1) break; } else if (Token::Match(tok2, "%var% (")) { // Remove function from FuncList std::list::iterator it = FuncList.begin(); while (it != FuncList.end()) { if (tok2->str() == (*it)->str()) FuncList.erase(it++); else it++; } } } } } while (HasFuncImpl && !FuncList.empty()) { // Final check; check if the function pointer is used somewhere.. const std::string _pattern("return|(|)|,|= " + FuncList.front()->str()); if (!Token::findmatch(_tokenizer->tokens(), _pattern.c_str())) { unusedPrivateFunctionError(FuncList.front(), classname, FuncList.front()->str()); } FuncList.pop_front(); } } } //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- // ClassCheck: Check that memset is not used on classes //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- void CheckClass::noMemset() { // Locate all 'memset' tokens.. for (const Token *tok = _tokenizer->tokens(); tok; tok = tok->next()) { if (!Token::Match(tok, "memset|memcpy|memmove")) continue; std::string type; if (Token::Match(tok, "memset ( %var% , %num% , sizeof ( %type% ) )")) type = tok->strAt(8); else if (Token::Match(tok, "memset ( & %var% , %num% , sizeof ( %type% ) )")) type = tok->strAt(9); else if (Token::Match(tok, "memset ( %var% , %num% , sizeof ( struct %type% ) )")) type = tok->strAt(9); else if (Token::Match(tok, "memset ( & %var% , %num% , sizeof ( struct %type% ) )")) type = tok->strAt(10); else if (Token::Match(tok, "%type% ( %var% , %var% , sizeof ( %type% ) )")) type = tok->strAt(8); // No type defined => The tokens didn't match if (type.empty()) continue; // Warn if type is a class or struct that contains any std::* variables const std::string pattern2(std::string("struct|class ") + type + " {"); for (const Token *tstruct = Token::findmatch(_tokenizer->tokens(), pattern2.c_str()); tstruct; tstruct = tstruct->next()) { if (tstruct->str() == "}") break; // struct with function? skip function body.. if (Token::simpleMatch(tstruct, ") {")) { tstruct = tstruct->next()->link(); if (!tstruct) break; } // before a statement there must be either: // * private:|protected:|public: // * { } ; if (Token::Match(tstruct, "[;{}]") || tstruct->str().find(":") != std::string::npos) { if (Token::Match(tstruct->next(), "std :: %type% %var% ;")) memsetStructError(tok, tok->str(), tstruct->strAt(3)); else if (Token::Match(tstruct->next(), "std :: %type% < ")) { // backup the type const std::string typestr(tstruct->strAt(3)); // check if it's a pointer variable.. unsigned int level = 0; while (0 != (tstruct = tstruct->next())) { if (tstruct->str() == "<") ++level; else if (tstruct->str() == ">") { if (level <= 1) break; --level; } else if (tstruct->str() == "(") tstruct = tstruct->link(); } if (!tstruct) break; // found error => report if (Token::Match(tstruct, "> %var% ;")) memsetStructError(tok, tok->str(), typestr); } } } } } //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- // ClassCheck: "void operator=(" //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- void CheckClass::operatorEq() { if (!_settings->_checkCodingStyle) return; createSymbolDatabase(); std::multimap::const_iterator i; for (i = spaceInfoMMap.begin(); i != spaceInfoMMap.end(); ++i) { std::list::const_iterator it; for (it = i->second->functionList.begin(); it != i->second->functionList.end(); ++it) { if (it->type == Func::OperatorEqual && it->access != Private) { if (it->token->strAt(-2) == "void") operatorEqReturnError(it->token->tokAt(-2)); } } } } //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- // ClassCheck: "C& operator=(const C&) { ... return *this; }" // operator= should return a reference to *this //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- void CheckClass::operatorEqRetRefThis() { if (!_settings->_checkCodingStyle) return; createSymbolDatabase(); std::multimap::const_iterator i; for (i = spaceInfoMMap.begin(); i != spaceInfoMMap.end(); ++i) { const SpaceInfo *info = i->second; std::list::const_iterator it; for (it = info->functionList.begin(); it != info->functionList.end(); ++it) { if (it->type == Func::OperatorEqual && it->hasBody) { // make sure return signature is correct if (Token::Match(it->tokenDef->tokAt(-4), ";|}|{|public:|protected:|private: %type% &") && it->tokenDef->strAt(-3) == info->className) { // find the ')' const Token *tok = it->token->next()->link(); bool foundReturn = false; const Token *last = tok->next()->link(); for (tok = tok->tokAt(2); tok && tok != last; tok = tok->next()) { // check for return of reference to this if (tok->str() == "return") { foundReturn = true; std::string cast("( " + info->className + " & )"); if (Token::Match(tok->next(), cast.c_str())) tok = tok->tokAt(4); if (!(Token::Match(tok->tokAt(1), "(| * this ;|=") || Token::Match(tok->tokAt(1), "(| * this +=") || Token::Match(tok->tokAt(1), "operator = ("))) operatorEqRetRefThisError(it->token); } } if (!foundReturn) operatorEqRetRefThisError(it->token); } } } } } //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- // ClassCheck: "C& operator=(const C& rhs) { if (this == &rhs) ... }" // operator= should check for assignment to self // // For simple classes, an assignment to self check is only a potential optimization. // // For classes that allocate dynamic memory, assignment to self can be a real error // if it is deallocated and allocated again without being checked for. // // This check is not valid for classes with multiple inheritance because a // class can have multiple addresses so there is no trivial way to check for // assignment to self. //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- static bool hasDeallocation(const Token * first, const Token * last) { // This function is called when no simple check was found for assignment // to self. We are currently looking for a specific sequence of: // deallocate member ; ... member = allocate // This check is far from ideal because it can cause false negatives. // Unfortunately, this is necessary to prevent false positives. // This check needs to do careful analysis someday to get this // correct with a high degree of certainty. for (const Token * tok = first; tok && (tok != last); tok = tok->next()) { // check for deallocating memory if (Token::Match(tok, "{|;|, free ( %var%")) { const Token * var = tok->tokAt(3); // we should probably check that var is a pointer in this class const Token * tok1 = tok->tokAt(4); while (tok1 && (tok1 != last)) { if (Token::Match(tok1, "%var% =")) { if (tok1->str() == var->str()) return true; } tok1 = tok1->next(); } } else if (Token::Match(tok, "{|;|, delete [ ] %var%")) { const Token * var = tok->tokAt(4); // we should probably check that var is a pointer in this class const Token * tok1 = tok->tokAt(5); while (tok1 && (tok1 != last)) { if (Token::Match(tok1, "%var% = new %type% [")) { if (tok1->str() == var->str()) return true; } tok1 = tok1->next(); } } else if (Token::Match(tok, "{|;|, delete %var%")) { const Token * var = tok->tokAt(2); // we should probably check that var is a pointer in this class const Token * tok1 = tok->tokAt(3); while (tok1 && (tok1 != last)) { if (Token::Match(tok1, "%var% = new")) { if (tok1->str() == var->str()) return true; } tok1 = tok1->next(); } } } return false; } static bool hasAssignSelf(const Token * first, const Token * last, const Token * rhs) { for (const Token * tok = first; tok && tok != last; tok = tok->next()) { if (Token::Match(tok, "if (")) { const Token * tok1 = tok->tokAt(2); const Token * tok2 = tok->tokAt(1)->link(); if (tok1 && tok2) { for (; tok1 && tok1 != tok2; tok1 = tok1->next()) { if (Token::Match(tok1, "this ==|!= & %var%")) { if (tok1->tokAt(3)->str() == rhs->str()) return true; } else if (Token::Match(tok1, "& %var% ==|!= this")) { if (tok1->tokAt(1)->str() == rhs->str()) return true; } } } } } return false; } void CheckClass::operatorEqToSelf() { if (!_settings->_checkCodingStyle) return; createSymbolDatabase(); std::multimap::const_iterator i; for (i = spaceInfoMMap.begin(); i != spaceInfoMMap.end(); ++i) { const SpaceInfo *info = i->second; std::list::const_iterator it; // skip classes with multiple inheritance if (info->derivedFrom.size() > 1) continue; for (it = info->functionList.begin(); it != info->functionList.end(); ++it) { if (it->type == Func::OperatorEqual && it->hasBody) { // make sure return signature is correct if (Token::Match(it->tokenDef->tokAt(-4), ";|}|{|public:|protected:|private: %type% &") && it->tokenDef->strAt(-3) == info->className) { // check for proper function parameter signature if ((Token::Match(it->tokenDef->next(), "( const %var% & )") || Token::Match(it->tokenDef->next(), "( const %var% & %var% )")) && it->tokenDef->strAt(3) == info->className) { // find the parameter name const Token *rhs = it->token; while (rhs->str() != "&") rhs = rhs->next(); rhs = rhs->next(); // find the ')' const Token *tok = it->token->next()->link(); const Token *tok1 = tok; if (tok1 && tok1->tokAt(1) && tok1->tokAt(1)->str() == "{" && tok1->tokAt(1)->link()) { const Token *first = tok1->tokAt(1); const Token *last = first->link(); if (!hasAssignSelf(first, last, rhs)) { if (hasDeallocation(first, last)) operatorEqToSelfError(tok); } } } } } } } } //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- // A destructor in a base class should be virtual //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- void CheckClass::virtualDestructor() { // This error should only be given if: // * base class doesn't have virtual destructor // * derived class has non-empty destructor // * base class is deleted if (!_settings->inconclusive) return; const char pattern_classdecl[] = "class %var% : %var%"; const Token *derived = _tokenizer->tokens(); while ((derived = Token::findmatch(derived, pattern_classdecl)) != NULL) { // Check that the derived class has a non empty destructor.. { std::ostringstream destructorPattern; destructorPattern << "~ " << derived->strAt(1) << " ( ) {"; const Token *derived_destructor = Token::findmatch(_tokenizer->tokens(), destructorPattern.str().c_str()); // No destructor.. if (! derived_destructor) { derived = derived->next(); continue; } // Empty destructor.. if (Token::Match(derived_destructor, "~ %var% ( ) { }")) { derived = derived->next(); continue; } } const Token *derivedClass = derived->tokAt(1); // Iterate through each base class... derived = derived->tokAt(3); while (Token::Match(derived, "%var%")) { bool isPublic(derived->str() == "public"); // What kind of inheritance is it.. public|protected|private if (Token::Match(derived, "public|protected|private")) derived = derived->next(); // Name of base class.. const std::string baseName = derived->strAt(0); // Update derived so it's ready for the next loop. do { if (derived->str() == "{") break; if (derived->str() == ",") { derived = derived->next(); break; } derived = derived->next(); } while (derived); // If not public inheritance, skip checking of this base class.. if (! isPublic) continue; // Find the destructor declaration for the base class. const Token *base = Token::findmatch(_tokenizer->tokens(), (std::string("%any% ~ ") + baseName + " (").c_str()); while (base && base->str() == "::") base = Token::findmatch(base->next(), (std::string("%any% ~ ") + baseName + " (").c_str()); const Token *reverseTok = base; while (Token::Match(base, "%var%") && base->str() != "virtual") base = base->previous(); // Check that there is a destructor.. if (! base) { // Is the class declaration available? base = Token::findmatch(_tokenizer->tokens(), (std::string("class ") + baseName + " {").c_str()); if (base) { virtualDestructorError(base, baseName, derivedClass->str()); } continue; } // There is a destructor. Check that it's virtual.. else if (base->str() == "virtual") continue; // TODO: This is just a temporary fix, better solution is needed. // Skip situations where base class has base classes of its own, because // some of the base classes might have virtual destructor. // Proper solution is to check all of the base classes. If base class is not // found or if one of the base classes has virtual destructor, error should not // be printed. See TODO test case "virtualDestructorInherited" if (!Token::findmatch(_tokenizer->tokens(), (std::string("class ") + baseName + " {").c_str())) continue; // Make sure that the destructor is public (protected or private // would not compile if inheritance is used in a way that would // cause the bug we are trying to find here.) int indent = 0; while (reverseTok) { if (reverseTok->str() == "public:") { virtualDestructorError(base, baseName, derivedClass->str()); break; } else if (reverseTok->str() == "protected:" || reverseTok->str() == "private:") { // No bug, protected/private destructor is allowed break; } else if (reverseTok->str() == "{") { indent++; if (indent >= 1) { // We have found the start of the class without any sign // of "public :" so we can assume that the destructor is not // public and there is no bug in the code we are checking. break; } } else if (reverseTok->str() == "}") indent--; reverseTok = reverseTok->previous(); } } } } //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- void CheckClass::thisSubtractionError(const Token *tok) { reportError(tok, Severity::style, "thisSubtraction", "Suspicious pointer subtraction"); } void CheckClass::thisSubtraction() { if (!_settings->_checkCodingStyle) return; const Token *tok = _tokenizer->tokens(); for (;;) { tok = Token::findmatch(tok, "this - %var%"); if (!tok) break; if (!Token::simpleMatch(tok->previous(), "*")) thisSubtractionError(tok); tok = tok->next(); } } //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- // check if this function is defined virtual in the base classes bool CheckClass::isVirtual(const SpaceInfo *info, const Token *functionToken) const { // check each base class for (unsigned int i = 0; i < info->derivedFrom.size(); ++i) { // check if base class exists in database if (info->derivedFrom[i].spaceInfo) { const SpaceInfo *spaceInfo = info->derivedFrom[i].spaceInfo; std::list::const_iterator it; // check if function defined in base class for (it = spaceInfo->functionList.begin(); it != spaceInfo->functionList.end(); ++it) { if (it->isVirtual) { const Token *tok = it->tokenDef; if (tok->str() == functionToken->str()) { const Token *temp1 = tok->previous(); const Token *temp2 = functionToken->previous(); bool returnMatch = true; // check for matching return parameters while (temp1->str() != "virtual") { if (temp1->str() != temp2->str()) { returnMatch = false; break; } temp1 = temp1->previous(); temp2 = temp2->previous(); } // check for matching function parameters if (returnMatch && argsMatch(tok->tokAt(2), functionToken->tokAt(2), std::string(""), 0)) { return true; } } } } if (!spaceInfo->derivedFrom.empty()) { if (isVirtual(spaceInfo, functionToken)) return true; } } } return false; } // Can a function be const? void CheckClass::checkConst() { if (!_settings->_checkCodingStyle || _settings->ifcfg) return; createSymbolDatabase(); std::multimap::iterator it; for (it = spaceInfoMMap.begin(); it != spaceInfoMMap.end(); ++it) { SpaceInfo *info = it->second; std::list::iterator it1; for (it1 = info->functionList.begin(); it1 != info->functionList.end(); ++it1) { const Func & func = *it1; // does the function have a body? if (func.type == Func::Function && func.hasBody && !func.isFriend && !func.isStatic && !func.isConst && !func.isVirtual) { // get function name const std::string functionName((func.tokenDef->isName() ? "" : "operator") + func.tokenDef->str()); // get last token of return type const Token *previous = func.tokenDef->isName() ? func.token->previous() : func.token->tokAt(-2); while (previous->str() == "::") previous = previous->tokAt(-2); // does the function return a pointer or reference? if (Token::Match(previous, "*|&")) { const Token *temp = func.token->previous(); while (!Token::Match(temp->previous(), ";|}|{|public:|protected:|private:")) temp = temp->previous(); if (temp->str() != "const") continue; } else if (Token::Match(previous->previous(), "*|& >")) { const Token *temp = func.token->previous(); while (!Token::Match(temp->previous(), ";|}|{|public:|protected:|private:")) { temp = temp->previous(); if (temp->str() == "const") break; } if (temp->str() != "const") continue; } else { // don't warn for unknown types.. // LPVOID, HDC, etc if (previous->isName()) { bool allupper = true; const std::string s(previous->str()); for (std::string::size_type pos = 0; pos < s.size(); ++pos) { const char ch = s[pos]; if (!(ch == '_' || (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z'))) { allupper = false; break; } } if (allupper) continue; } } const Token *paramEnd = func.token->next()->link(); // check if base class function is virtual if (!info->derivedFrom.empty()) { if (isVirtual(info, func.token)) continue; } // if nothing non-const was found. write error.. if (checkConstFunc(info, paramEnd)) { std::string classname = info->className; SpaceInfo *nest = info->nest; while (nest) { classname = std::string(nest->className + "::" + classname); nest = nest->nest; } if (func.isInline) checkConstError(func.token, classname, functionName); else // not inline checkConstError2(func.token, func.tokenDef, classname, functionName); } } } } } bool CheckClass::isMemberVar(const SpaceInfo *info, const Token *tok) { while (tok->previous() && !Token::Match(tok->previous(), "}|{|;|public:|protected:|private:|return|:|?")) { if (Token::Match(tok->previous(), "* this")) return true; tok = tok->previous(); } if (tok->str() == "this") return true; if (Token::Match(tok, "( * %var% ) [")) tok = tok->tokAt(2); // ignore class namespace if (tok->str() == info->className && tok->next()->str() == "::") tok = tok->tokAt(2); for (const Var *var = info->varlist; var; var = var->next) { if (var->name == tok->str()) { return !var->isMutable; } } // not found in this class if (!info->derivedFrom.empty()) { // check each base class for (unsigned int i = 0; i < info->derivedFrom.size(); ++i) { // find the base class const SpaceInfo * spaceInfo = info->derivedFrom[i].spaceInfo; // find the function in the base class if (spaceInfo) { if (isMemberVar(spaceInfo, tok)) return true; } } } return false; } bool CheckClass::checkConstFunc(const SpaceInfo *info, const Token *tok) { // if the function doesn't have any assignment nor function call, // it can be a const function.. unsigned int indentlevel = 0; bool isconst = true; for (const Token *tok1 = tok; tok1; tok1 = tok1->next()) { if (tok1->str() == "{") ++indentlevel; else if (tok1->str() == "}") { if (indentlevel <= 1) break; --indentlevel; } // assignment.. = += |= .. else if (tok1->str() == "=" || (tok1->str().find("=") == 1 && tok1->str().find_first_of("") == std::string::npos)) { if (tok1->previous()->varId() == 0 && !info->derivedFrom.empty()) { isconst = false; break; } else if (isMemberVar(info, tok1->previous())) { isconst = false; break; } } // streaming: << else if (tok1->str() == "<<" && isMemberVar(info, tok1->previous())) { isconst = false; break; } // increment/decrement (member variable?).. else if (Token::Match(tok1, "++|--")) { isconst = false; break; } // function call.. else if ((Token::Match(tok1, "%var% (") && !Token::Match(tok1, "return|c_str|if")) || Token::Match(tok1, "%var% < %any% > (")) { isconst = false; break; } // delete.. else if (tok1->str() == "delete") { isconst = false; break; } } return isconst; } void CheckClass::checkConstError(const Token *tok, const std::string &classname, const std::string &funcname) { reportError(tok, Severity::style, "functionConst", "The function '" + classname + "::" + funcname + "' can be const"); } void CheckClass::checkConstError2(const Token *tok1, const Token *tok2, const std::string &classname, const std::string &funcname) { std::list toks; toks.push_back(tok1); toks.push_back(tok2); reportError(toks, Severity::style, "functionConst", "The function '" + classname + "::" + funcname + "' can be const"); } void CheckClass::noConstructorError(const Token *tok, const std::string &classname, bool isStruct) { reportError(tok, Severity::style, "noConstructor", "The " + std::string(isStruct ? "struct" : "class") + " '" + classname + "' has no constructor. Member variables not initialized."); } void CheckClass::uninitVarError(const Token *tok, const std::string &classname, const std::string &varname) { reportError(tok, Severity::style, "uninitVar", "Member variable not initialized in the constructor '" + classname + "::" + varname + "'"); } void CheckClass::operatorEqVarError(const Token *tok, const std::string &classname, const std::string &varname) { reportError(tok, Severity::style, "operatorEqVarError", "Member variable '" + classname + "::" + varname + "' is not assigned a value in '" + classname + "::operator=" + "'"); } void CheckClass::unusedPrivateFunctionError(const Token *tok, const std::string &classname, const std::string &funcname) { reportError(tok, Severity::style, "unusedPrivateFunction", "Unused private function '" + classname + "::" + funcname + "'"); } void CheckClass::memsetClassError(const Token *tok, const std::string &memfunc) { reportError(tok, Severity::error, "memsetClass", "Using '" + memfunc + "' on class"); } void CheckClass::memsetStructError(const Token *tok, const std::string &memfunc, const std::string &classname) { reportError(tok, Severity::error, "memsetStruct", "Using '" + memfunc + "' on struct that contains a 'std::" + classname + "'"); } void CheckClass::operatorEqReturnError(const Token *tok) { reportError(tok, Severity::style, "operatorEq", "'operator=' should return something"); } void CheckClass::virtualDestructorError(const Token *tok, const std::string &Base, const std::string &Derived) { reportError(tok, Severity::error, "virtualDestructor", "Class " + Base + " which is inherited by class " + Derived + " does not have a virtual destructor"); } void CheckClass::operatorEqRetRefThisError(const Token *tok) { reportError(tok, Severity::style, "operatorEqRetRefThis", "'operator=' should return reference to self"); } void CheckClass::operatorEqToSelfError(const Token *tok) { reportError(tok, Severity::style, "operatorEqToSelf", "'operator=' should check for assignment to self"); }