<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd"> <book> <bookinfo> <title>Cppcheck 1.65 dev</title> <date>2013-12-23</date> </bookinfo> <chapter> <title>Introduction</title> <para>Cppcheck is an analysis tool for C/C++ code. Unlike C/C++ compilers and many other analysis tools, it doesn't detect syntax errors. Cppcheck only detects the types of bugs that the compilers normally fail to detect. The goal is no false positives.</para> <para>Supported code and platforms:</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para>You can check non-standard code that includes various compiler extensions, inline assembly code, etc.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>Cppcheck should be compilable by any C++ compiler that handles the latest C++ standard.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>Cppcheck should work on any platform that has sufficient CPU and memory.</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> <para>Accuracy</para> <para>Please understand that there are limits of Cppcheck. Cppcheck is rarely wrong about reported errors. But there are many bugs that it doesn't detect.</para> <para>You will find more bugs in your software by testing your software carefully, than by using Cppcheck. You will find more bugs in your software by instrumenting your software, than by using Cppcheck. But Cppcheck can still detect some of the bugs that you miss when testing and instrumenting your software.</para> </chapter> <chapter> <title>Getting started</title> <section> <title>First test</title> <para>Here is a simple code</para> <programlisting>int main() { char a[10]; a[10] = 0; return 0; }</programlisting> <para>If you save that into <filename>file1.c</filename> and execute:</para> <programlisting>cppcheck file1.c</programlisting> <para>The output from cppcheck will then be:</para> <programlisting>Checking file1.c... [file1.c:4]: (error) Array 'a[10]' index 10 out of bounds</programlisting> </section> <section> <title>Checking all files in a folder</title> <para>Normally a program has many source files. And you want to check them all. Cppcheck can check all source files in a directory:</para> <programlisting>cppcheck path</programlisting> <para>If "path" is a folder then cppcheck will check all source files in this folder.</para> <programlisting>Checking path/file1.cpp... 1/2 files checked 50% done Checking path/file2.cpp... 2/2 files checked 100% done</programlisting> </section> <section> <title>Excluding a file or folder from checking</title> <para>To exclude a file or folder, there are two options.</para> <para>The first option is to only provide the paths and files you want to check.</para> <programlisting>cppcheck src/a src/b</programlisting> <para>All files under <filename class="directory">src/a</filename> and <filename class="directory">src/b</filename> are then checked.</para> <para>The second option is to use <parameter class="command">-i</parameter>, with it you specify files/paths to ignore. With this command no files in <filename class="directory">src/c</filename> are checked:</para> <programlisting>cppcheck -isrc/c src</programlisting> </section> <section> <title>Severities</title> <para>The possible severities for messages are:</para> <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term>error</term> <listitem> <para>used when bugs are found</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term>warning</term> <listitem> <para>suggestions about defensive programming to prevent bugs</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term>style</term> <listitem> <para>stylistic issues related to code cleanup (unused functions, redundant code, constness, and such)</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term>performance</term> <listitem> <para>Suggestions for making the code faster. These suggestions are only based on common knowledge. It is not certain you'll get any measurable difference in speed by fixing these messages.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term>portability</term> <listitem> <para>portability warnings. 64-bit portability. code might work different on different compilers. etc.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term>information</term> <listitem> <para>Informational messages about checking problems.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> </section> <section> <title>Enable messages</title> <para>By default only <parameter class="command">error</parameter> messages are shown. Through the <parameter class="command">--enable</parameter> command more checks can be enabled.</para> <programlisting># enable warning messages cppcheck --enable=warning file.c # enable performance messages cppcheck --enable=performance file.c # enable information messages cppcheck --enable=information file.c # For historical reasons, --enable=style enables warning, performance, # portability and style messages. These are all reported as "style" when # using the old xml format. cppcheck --enable=style file.c # enable warning and information messages cppcheck --enable=warning,information file.c # enable unusedFunction checking. This is not enabled by --enable=style # because it doesn't work well on libraries. cppcheck --enable=unusedFunction file.c # enable all messages cppcheck --enable=all</programlisting> <para>Please note that <literal>--enable=unusedFunction</literal> should only be used when the whole program is scanned. And therefore <literal>--enable=all</literal> should also only be used when the whole program is scanned. The reason is that the unusedFunction checking will warn if a function is not called. There will be noise if function calls are not seen.</para> <section> <title>Inconclusive checks</title> <para>By default Cppcheck only writes error messages if it is certain. With <parameter class="command">--inconclusive</parameter> error messages will also be written when the analysis is inconclusive.</para> <programlisting>cppcheck --inconclusive path</programlisting> <para>This can of course cause false warnings, it might be reported that there are bugs even though there are not. Only use this command if false warnings are acceptable.</para> </section> </section> <section> <title>Saving results in file</title> <para>Many times you will want to save the results in a file. You can use the normal shell redirection for piping error output to a file.</para> <programlisting>cppcheck file1.c 2> err.txt</programlisting> </section> <section> <title>Multithreaded checking</title> <para>The option -j is used to specify the number of threads you want to use. For example, to use 4 threads to check the files in a folder:</para> <programlisting>cppcheck -j 4 path</programlisting> </section> </chapter> <chapter id="preprocessor-configurations"> <title>Preprocessor configurations</title> <para>By default Cppcheck will check all preprocessor configurations (except those that have #error in them).</para> <para>You can use -D to change this. When you use -D, cppcheck will by default only check the given configuration and nothing else. This is how compilers work. But you can use <literal>--force</literal> or <literal><literal>--max-configs</literal></literal> to override the number of configurations.</para> <programlisting># check all configurations cppcheck file.c # only check the configuration A cppcheck -DA file.c # check all configurations when macro A is defined cppcheck -DA --force file.c</programlisting> <para>Another useful flag might be -U. It undefines a symbol. Example usage:</para> <programlisting>cppcheck -UX file.c</programlisting> <para>That will mean that X is not defined. Cppcheck will not check what happens when X is defined.</para> </chapter> <chapter> <title>XML output</title> <para>Cppcheck can generate the output in <literal>XML</literal> format. There is an old <literal>XML</literal> format (version 1) and a new <literal>XML</literal> format (version 2). Please use the new version if you can.</para> <para>The old version is kept for backwards compatibility only. It will not be changed. But it will likely be removed someday. Use <parameter>--xml</parameter> to enable this format.</para> <para>The new version fixes a few problems with the old format. The new format will probably be updated in future versions of cppcheck with new attributes and elements. A sample command to check a file and output errors in the new <literal>XML</literal> format:</para> <para><programlisting>cppcheck --xml-version=2 file1.cpp</programlisting>Here is a sample version 2 report:</para> <programlisting><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <results version="2"> <cppcheck version="1.53"> <errors> <error id="someError" severity="error" msg="short error text" verbose="long error text" inconclusive="true"> <location file="file.c" line="1"/> </error> </errors> </results></programlisting> <section> <title>The <error> element</title> <para>Each error is reported in a <literal><error></literal> element. Attributes:</para> <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term><sgmltag class="attribute">id</sgmltag></term> <listitem> <para>id of error. These are always valid symbolnames.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><sgmltag class="attribute">severity</sgmltag></term> <listitem> <para>either: <literal>error</literal>, <literal>warning</literal>, <literal>style</literal>, <literal>performance</literal>, <literal>portability</literal> or <literal>information</literal></para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><sgmltag class="attribute">msg</sgmltag></term> <listitem> <para>the error message in short format</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><sgmltag>verbose</sgmltag></term> <listitem> <para>the error message in long format.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><sgmltag>inconclusive</sgmltag></term> <listitem> <para>This attribute is only used when the message is inconclusive.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> </section> <section> <title>The <location> element</title> <para>All locations related to an error is listed with <literal><location></literal> elements. The primary location is listed first.</para> <para>Attributes:</para> <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term><sgmltag class="attribute">file</sgmltag></term> <listitem> <para>filename. Both relative and absolute paths are possible</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><sgmltag class="attribute">line</sgmltag></term> <listitem> <para>a number</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><sgmltag>msg</sgmltag></term> <listitem> <para>this attribute doesn't exist yet. But in the future we may add a short message for each location.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> </section> </chapter> <chapter> <title>Reformatting the output</title> <para>If you want to reformat the output so it looks different you can use templates.</para> <para>To get Visual Studio compatible output you can use <parameter class="command">--template=vs</parameter>:</para> <programlisting>cppcheck --template=vs gui/test.cpp</programlisting> <para>This output will look like this:</para> <programlisting>Checking gui/test.cpp... gui/test.cpp(31): error: Memory leak: b gui/test.cpp(16): error: Mismatching allocation and deallocation: k</programlisting> <para>To get gcc compatible output you can use <parameter class="command">--template=gcc</parameter>:</para> <programlisting>cppcheck --template=gcc gui/test.cpp</programlisting> <para>The output will look like this:</para> <programlisting>Checking gui/test.cpp... gui/test.cpp:31: error: Memory leak: b gui/test.cpp:16: error: Mismatching allocation and deallocation: k</programlisting> <para>You can write your own pattern (for example a comma-separated format):</para> <programlisting>cppcheck --template="{file},{line},{severity},{id},{message}" gui/test.cpp</programlisting> <para>The output will look like this:</para> <programlisting>Checking gui/test.cpp... gui/test.cpp,31,error,memleak,Memory leak: b gui/test.cpp,16,error,mismatchAllocDealloc,Mismatching allocation and deallocation: k</programlisting> <para>The following format specifiers are supported:</para> <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term>callstack</term> <listitem> <para>callstack - if available</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term>file</term> <listitem> <para>filename</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term>id</term> <listitem> <para>message id</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term>line</term> <listitem> <para>line number</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term>message</term> <listitem> <para>verbose message text</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term>severity</term> <listitem> <para>severity</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> <para>The escape sequences \b (backspace), \n (newline), \r (formfeed) and \t (horizontal tab) are supported.</para> </chapter> <chapter> <title>Suppressions</title> <para>If you want to filter out certain errors you can suppress these.</para> <section> <title>Suppressing a certain error type</title> <para>You can suppress certain types of errors. The format for such a suppression is one of:</para> <programlisting>[error id]:[filename]:[line] [error id]:[filename2] [error id]</programlisting> <para>The <replaceable>error id</replaceable> is the id that you want to suppress. The easiest way to get it is to use the <parameter class="command">--xml</parameter> command line flag. Copy and paste the <replaceable>id</replaceable> string from the XML output. This may be <literal>*</literal> to suppress all warnings (for a specified file or files).</para> <para>The <replaceable>filename</replaceable> may include the wildcard characters <literal>*</literal> or <literal>?</literal>, which match any sequence of characters or any single character respectively. It is recommended that you use "/" as path separator on all operating systems.</para> <section> <title>Command line suppression</title> <para>The <parameter class="command">--suppress=</parameter> command line option is used to specify suppressions on the command line. Example:</para> <programlisting>cppcheck --suppress=memleak:src/file1.cpp src/</programlisting> </section> <section> <title>Listing suppressions in a file</title> <para>You can create a suppressions file. Example:</para> <programlisting>// suppress memleak and exceptNew errors in the file src/file1.cpp memleak:src/file1.cpp exceptNew:src/file1.cpp // suppress all uninitvar errors in all files uninitvar</programlisting> <para>Note that you may add empty lines and comments in the suppressions file.</para> <para>You can use the suppressions file like this:</para> <programlisting>cppcheck --suppressions suppressions.txt src/</programlisting> </section> </section> <section> <title>Inline suppressions</title> <para>Suppressions can also be added directly in the code by adding comments that contain special keywords. Before adding such comments, consider that the code readability is sacrificed a little.</para> <para>This code will normally generate an error message:</para> <programlisting>void f() { char arr[5]; arr[10] = 0; }</programlisting> <para>The output is:</para> <programlisting># cppcheck test.c Checking test.c... [test.c:3]: (error) Array 'arr[5]' index 10 out of bounds</programlisting> <para>To suppress the error message, a comment can be added:</para> <programlisting>void f() { char arr[5]; // cppcheck-suppress arrayIndexOutOfBounds arr[10] = 0; }</programlisting> <para>Now the --inline-suppr flag can be used to suppress the warning. No error is reported when invoking cppcheck this way:</para> <programlisting>cppcheck --inline-suppr test.c</programlisting> </section> </chapter> <chapter> <title>Rules</title> <para>You can define custom rules using regular expressions.</para> <para>These rules can not perform sophisticated analysis of the code. But they give you an easy way to check for various simple patterns in the code.</para> <para>To get started writing rules, see the related articles here:</para> <para><uri>http://sourceforge.net/projects/cppcheck/files/Articles/</uri></para> <para>The file format for rules is:</para> <programlisting><?xml version="1.0"?> <rule> <tokenlist>LIST</tokenlist> <pattern>PATTERN</pattern> <message> <id>ID</id> <severity>SEVERITY</severity> <summary>SUMMARY</summary> </message> </rule></programlisting> <section> <title><tokenlist></title> <para>The <literal><tokenlist></literal> element is optional. With this element you can control what tokens are checked. The <literal>LIST</literal> can be either <literal>define</literal>, <literal>raw</literal>, <literal>normal</literal> or <literal>simple</literal>.</para> <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term>define</term> <listitem> <para>used to check #define preprocessor statements.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term>raw</term> <listitem> <para>used to check the preprocessor output.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term>normal</term> <listitem> <para>used to check the <literal>normal</literal> token list. There are some simplifications.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term>simple</term> <listitem> <para>used to check the simple token list. All simplifications are used. Most Cppcheck checks use the simple token list.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> <para>If there is no <tokenlist> element then <literal>simple</literal> is used automatically.</para> </section> <section> <title><pattern></title> <para>The <literal>PATTERN</literal> is the <literal>PCRE</literal>-compatible regular expression that will be executed.</para> </section> <section> <title><id></title> <para>The ID specify the user-defined message id.</para> </section> <section> <title><severity></title> <para>The <literal>SEVERITY</literal> must be one of the <literal>Cppcheck</literal> severities: <literal>information</literal>, <literal>performance</literal>, <literal>portability</literal>, <literal>style</literal>, <literal>warning</literal>, or <literal>error</literal>.</para> </section> <section> <title><summary></title> <para>Optional. The summary for the message. If no summary is given, the matching tokens is written.</para> </section> </chapter> <chapter> <title>Library configuration</title> <para>When external libraries are used, such as windows/posix/gtk/qt/etc, <literal>Cppcheck</literal> doesn't know how the external functions behave. <literal>Cppcheck</literal> then fails to detect various problems such as leaks, buffer overflows, possible null pointer dereferences, etc. But this can be fixed with configuration files.</para> <para>If you create a configuration file for a popular library, we would appreciate if you upload it to us.</para> <section> <title>Memory/resource leaks</title> <para>Here is an example program:</para> <para><programlisting>void test() { HPEN pen = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 1, RGB(255,0,0)); }</programlisting></para> <para>The code example above has a resource leak - <literal>CreatePen()</literal> is a windows function that creates a pen. However Cppcheck doesn't assume that return values from functions must be freed. There is no error message:</para> <programlisting># cppcheck pen1.c Checking pen1.c...</programlisting> <para>If you provide a windows configuration file then <literal>Cppcheck</literal> detects the bug:</para> <programlisting># cppcheck --library=windows.cfg pen1.c Checking pen1.c... [pen1.c:3]: (error) Resource leak: pen</programlisting> <para>Here is a minimal <literal>windows.cfg</literal> file:</para> <programlisting><?xml version="1.0"?> <def> <resource> <alloc>CreatePen</alloc> <dealloc>DeleteObject</dealloc> </resource> </def></programlisting> </section> <section> <title>Function argument: Uninitialized memory</title> <para>Here is an example program:</para> <programlisting>void test() { char buffer1[1024]; char buffer2[1024]; CopyMemory(buffer1, buffer2, 1024); }</programlisting> <para>The bug here is that buffer2 is uninitialized. The second argument for CopyMemory needs to be initialized. However <literal>Cppcheck</literal> assumes that it is fine to pass uninitialized variables to functions:</para> <programlisting># cppcheck uninit.c Checking uninit.c...</programlisting> <para>If you provide a windows configuration file then Cppcheck detects the bug:</para> <programlisting># cppcheck --library=windows.cfg uninit.c Checking uninit.c... [uninit.c:5]: (error) Uninitialized variable: buffer2</programlisting> <para>Here is the minimal <literal>windows.cfg</literal>:</para> <para><programlisting><?xml version="1.0"?> <def> <function name="CopyMemory"> <arg nr="2"> <not-uninit/> </arg> </function> </def></programlisting></para> </section> <section> <title>Function Argument: Null pointers</title> <para>Cppcheck assumes it's ok to pass NULL pointers to functions. Here is an example program:</para> <programlisting>void test() { CopyMemory(NULL, NULL, 1024); }</programlisting> <para>The MSDN documentation is not clear if that is ok or not. But let's assume it's bad. Cppcheck assumes that it's ok to pass NULL to functions so no error is reported:</para> <programlisting># cppcheck null.c Checking null.c...</programlisting> <para>If you provide a windows configuration file then <literal>Cppcheck</literal> detects the bug:</para> <programlisting>cppcheck --library=windows.cfg null.c Checking null.c... [null.c:3]: (error) Null pointer dereference</programlisting> <para>Here is a minimal <literal>windows.cfg</literal> file:</para> <programlisting><?xml version="1.0"?> <def> <function name="CopyMemory"> <arg nr="1"> <not-null/> </arg> </function> </def></programlisting> </section> <section> <title>Function Argument: Format string</title> <para>You can define that a function takes a format string. Example:</para> <programlisting>void test() { do_something("%i %i\n", 1024); }</programlisting> <para>No error is reported for that:</para> <programlisting># cppcheck formatstring.c Checking formatstring.c...</programlisting> <para>A configuration file can be created that says that the string is a format string. For instance:</para> <para><programlisting><?xml version="1.0"?> <def> <function name="do_something"> <arg nr="1"> <formatstr/> </arg> </function> </def></programlisting>Now Cppcheck will report an error:</para> <programlisting>cppcheck --library=test.cfg formatstring.c Checking formatstring.c... [formatstring.c:3]: (error) do_something format string requires 2 parameters but only 1 is given.</programlisting> </section> <section> <title>Function Argument: Value range</title> <para>The valid values can be defined. Imagine:</para> <programlisting>void test() { do_something(1024); }</programlisting> <para>No error is reported for that:</para> <programlisting># cppcheck valuerange.c Checking valuerange.c...</programlisting> <para>A configuration file can be created that says that 1024 is out of bounds. For instance:</para> <para><programlisting><?xml version="1.0"?> <def> <function name="do_something"> <arg nr="1"> <valid>0-1023</valid> </arg> </function> </def></programlisting>Now Cppcheck will report an error:</para> <programlisting>cppcheck --library=test.cfg range.c Checking range.c... [range.c:3]: (error) Invalid do_something() argument nr 1. The value is 1024 but the valid values are '0-1023'.</programlisting> </section> <section> <title>noreturn</title> <para>Cppcheck doesn't assume that functions always return. Here is an example code:</para> <programlisting>void test(int x) { int data, buffer[1024]; if (x == 1) data = 123; else ZeroMemory(buffer, sizeof(buffer)); buffer[0] = data; // <- error: data is uninitialized if x is not 1 }</programlisting> <para>In theory, if <literal>ZeroMemory</literal> terminates the program then there is no bug. Cppcheck therefore reports no error:</para> <programlisting># cppcheck noreturn.c Checking noreturn.c...</programlisting> <para>However if you use <literal>--check-library</literal> and <literal>--enable=information</literal> you'll get this:</para> <programlisting># cppcheck --check-library --enable=information noreturn.c Checking noreturn.c... [noreturn.c:7]: (information) --check-library: Function ZeroMemory() should have <noreturn> configuration </programlisting> <para>If a proper <literal>windows.cfg</literal> is provided, the bug is detected:</para> <programlisting># cppcheck --library=windows.cfg noreturn.c Checking noreturn.c... [noreturn.c:8]: (error) Uninitialized variable: data</programlisting> <para>Here is a minimal <literal>windows.cfg</literal> file:</para> <programlisting><?xml version="1.0"?> <def> <function name="ZeroMemory"> <noreturn>false</noreturn> </function> </def></programlisting> </section> <section> <title>Example configuration for strcpy()</title> <para>The proper configuration for the standard strcpy() function would be:</para> <programlisting> <function name="strcpy"> <leak-ignore/> <noreturn>false</noreturn> <arg nr="1"> <not-null/> </arg> <arg nr="2"> <not-null/> <not-uninit/> </arg> </function></programlisting> <para>The <literal><leak-ignore/></literal> tells Cppcheck to ignore this function call in the leaks checking. Passing allocated memory to this function won't mean it will be deallocated.</para> <para>The <literal><noreturn></literal> tells Cppcheck if this function returns or not.</para> <para>The first argument that the function takes is a pointer. It must not be a null pointer, therefore <literal><not-null></literal> is used.</para> <para>The second argument the function takes is a pointer. It must not be null. And it must point at initialized data. Using <literal><not-null></literal> and <literal><not-uninit></literal> is correct.</para> </section> <section> <title>Specifications for all arguments</title> <para>Specifying <literal>-1</literal> as the argument number is going to apply a check to all arguments of that function. The specifications for individual arguments override this setting.</para> </section> </chapter> <chapter> <title>HTML report</title> <para>You can convert the XML output from cppcheck into a HTML report. You'll need Python and the pygments module (<ulink url="http://pygments.org/">http://pygments.org/</ulink>) for this to work. In the Cppcheck source tree there is a folder <filename class="directory">htmlreport</filename> that contains a script that transforms a Cppcheck XML file into HTML output.</para> <para>This command generates the help screen:</para> <programlisting>htmlreport/cppcheck-htmlreport -h</programlisting> <para>The output screen says:</para> <programlisting>Usage: cppcheck-htmlreport [options] Options: -h, --help show this help message and exit --file=FILE The cppcheck xml output file to read defects from. Default is reading from stdin. --report-dir=REPORT_DIR The directory where the html report content is written. --source-dir=SOURCE_DIR Base directory where source code files can be found.</programlisting> <para>An example usage:</para> <programlisting>./cppcheck gui/test.cpp --xml 2> err.xml htmlreport/cppcheck-htmlreport --file=err.xml --report-dir=test1 --source-dir=.</programlisting> </chapter> <chapter> <title>Graphical user interface</title> <section> <title>Introduction</title> <para>A Cppcheck GUI is available.</para> <para>The main screen is shown immediately when the GUI is started.</para> </section> <section> <title>Check source code</title> <para>Use the <guimenu>Check</guimenu> menu.</para> </section> <section> <title>Inspecting results</title> <para>The results are shown in a list.</para> <para>You can show/hide certain types of messages through the <guimenu>View</guimenu> menu.</para> <para>Results can be saved to an XML file that can later be opened. See <literal>Save results to file</literal> and <literal>Open XML</literal>.</para> </section> <section> <title>Settings</title> <para>The language can be changed at any time by using the <guimenu>Language</guimenu> menu.</para> <para>More settings are available in <menuchoice> <guimenu>Edit</guimenu> <guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>.</para> </section> <section> <title>Project files</title> <para>The project files are used to store project specific settings. These settings are:</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para>include folders</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>preprocessor defines</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> <para>As you can read in <link linkend="preprocessor-configurations">chapter 3</link> in this manual the default is that Cppcheck checks all configurations. So only provide preprocessor defines if you want to limit the checking.</para> </section> </chapter> </book>