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cppcheck/test/testexceptionsafety.cpp

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/*
* Cppcheck - A tool for static C/C++ code analysis
* Copyright (C) 2007-2023 Cppcheck team.
*
* This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
#include "checkexceptionsafety.h"
#include "errortypes.h"
#include "settings.h"
#include "fixture.h"
#include "tokenize.h"
#include <sstream> // IWYU pragma: keep
class TestExceptionSafety : public TestFixture {
public:
TestExceptionSafety() : TestFixture("TestExceptionSafety") {}
private:
Settings settings;
void run() override {
settings.severity.fill();
TEST_CASE(destructors);
TEST_CASE(deallocThrow1);
TEST_CASE(deallocThrow2);
TEST_CASE(deallocThrow3);
TEST_CASE(rethrowCopy1);
TEST_CASE(rethrowCopy2);
TEST_CASE(rethrowCopy3);
TEST_CASE(rethrowCopy4);
TEST_CASE(rethrowCopy5);
TEST_CASE(catchExceptionByValue);
TEST_CASE(noexceptThrow);
TEST_CASE(nothrowThrow);
TEST_CASE(unhandledExceptionSpecification1); // #4800
TEST_CASE(unhandledExceptionSpecification2);
TEST_CASE(unhandledExceptionSpecification3);
TEST_CASE(nothrowAttributeThrow);
TEST_CASE(nothrowAttributeThrow2); // #5703
TEST_CASE(nothrowDeclspecThrow);
TEST_CASE(rethrowNoCurrentException1);
TEST_CASE(rethrowNoCurrentException2);
TEST_CASE(rethrowNoCurrentException3);
}
#define check(...) check_(__FILE__, __LINE__, __VA_ARGS__)
void check_(const char* file, int line, const char code[], bool inconclusive = false, const Settings *s = nullptr) {
// Clear the error buffer..
errout.str("");
const Settings settings1 = settingsBuilder(s ? *s : settings).certainty(Certainty::inconclusive, inconclusive).build();
// Tokenize..
Tokenizer tokenizer(&settings1, this);
std::istringstream istr(code);
ASSERT_LOC(tokenizer.tokenize(istr, "test.cpp"), file, line);
// Check char variable usage..
runChecks<CheckExceptionSafety>(tokenizer, this);
}
void destructors() {
check("class x {\n"
" ~x() {\n"
" throw e;\n"
" }\n"
"};");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (warning) Class x is not safe, destructor throws exception\n", errout.str());
check("class x {\n"
" ~x();\n"
"};\n"
"x::~x() {\n"
" throw e;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (warning) Class x is not safe, destructor throws exception\n", errout.str());
// #3858 - throwing exception in try block in destructor.
check("class x {\n"
" ~x() {\n"
" try {\n"
" throw e;\n"
" } catch (...) {\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("class x {\n"
" ~x() {\n"
" if(!std::uncaught_exception()) {\n"
" throw e;\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void deallocThrow1() {
check("int * p;\n"
"void f(int x) {\n"
" delete p;\n"
" if (x)\n"
" throw 123;\n"
" p = 0;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (warning) Exception thrown in invalid state, 'p' points at deallocated memory.\n", errout.str());
check("void f() {\n"
" static int* p = foo;\n"
" delete p;\n"
" if (foo)\n"
" throw 1;\n"
" p = 0;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (warning) Exception thrown in invalid state, 'p' points at deallocated memory.\n", errout.str());
}
void deallocThrow2() {
check("void f() {\n"
" int* p = 0;\n"
" delete p;\n"
" if (foo)\n"
" throw 1;\n"
" p = new int;\n"
"}", true);
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void f() {\n"
" static int* p = 0;\n"
" delete p;\n"
" reset(p);\n"
" throw 1;\n"
"}", true);
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void deallocThrow3() {
check("void f() {\n"
" static int* p = 0;\n"
" delete p;\n"
" throw 1;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void f() {\n"
" static int* p = 0;\n"
" delete p;\n"
" throw 1;\n"
"}", true);
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (warning) Exception thrown in invalid state, 'p' points at deallocated memory.\n", errout.str());
}
void rethrowCopy1() {
check("void f() {\n"
" try\n"
" {\n"
" foo();\n"
" }\n"
" catch(const exception& err)\n"
" {\n"
" throw err;\n"
" }\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:8]: (style) Throwing a copy of the caught exception instead of rethrowing the original exception.\n", errout.str());
}
void rethrowCopy2() {
check("void f() {\n"
" try\n"
" {\n"
" foo();\n"
" }\n"
" catch(exception& err)\n"
" {\n"
" throw err;\n"
" }\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:8]: (style) Throwing a copy of the caught exception instead of rethrowing the original exception.\n", errout.str());
}
void rethrowCopy3() {
check("void f() {\n"
" try {\n"
" foo();\n"
" }\n"
" catch(std::runtime_error& err) {\n"
" throw err;\n"
" }\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6]: (style) Throwing a copy of the caught exception instead of rethrowing the original exception.\n", errout.str());
}
void rethrowCopy4() {
check("void f() {\n"
" try\n"
" {\n"
" foo();\n"
" }\n"
" catch(const exception& err)\n"
" {\n"
" exception err2;\n"
" throw err2;\n"
" }\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void rethrowCopy5() {
check("void f() {\n"
" try {\n"
" foo();\n"
" }\n"
" catch(const exception& outer) {\n"
" try {\n"
" foo(outer);\n"
" }\n"
" catch(const exception& inner) {\n"
" throw inner;\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:10]: (style) Throwing a copy of the caught exception instead of rethrowing the original exception.\n", errout.str());
check("void f() {\n"
" try {\n"
" foo();\n"
" }\n"
" catch(const exception& outer) {\n"
" try {\n"
" foo(outer);\n"
" }\n"
" catch(const exception& inner) {\n"
" throw outer;\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void catchExceptionByValue() {
check("void f() {\n"
" try {\n"
" bar();\n"
" }\n"
" catch( ::std::exception err) {\n"
" foo(err);\n"
" }\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (style) Exception should be caught by reference.\n", errout.str());
check("void f() {\n"
" try {\n"
" bar();\n"
" }\n"
" catch(const exception err) {\n"
" foo(err);\n"
" }\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (style) Exception should be caught by reference.\n", errout.str());
check("void f() {\n"
" try {\n"
" bar();\n"
" }\n"
" catch( ::std::exception& err) {\n"
" foo(err);\n"
" }\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void f() {\n"
" try {\n"
" bar();\n"
" }\n"
" catch(exception* err) {\n"
" foo(err);\n"
" }\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void f() {\n"
" try {\n"
" bar();\n"
" }\n"
" catch(const exception& err) {\n"
" foo(err);\n"
" }\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void f() {\n"
" try {\n"
" bar();\n"
" }\n"
" catch(int err) {\n"
" foo(err);\n"
" }\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void f() {\n"
" try {\n"
" bar();\n"
" }\n"
" catch(exception* const err) {\n"
" foo(err);\n"
" }\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void noexceptThrow() {
check("void func1() noexcept(false) { try {} catch(...) {;} throw 1; }\n"
"void func2() noexcept { throw 1; }\n"
"void func3() noexcept(true) { throw 1; }\n"
"void func4() noexcept(false) { throw 1; }\n"
"void func5() noexcept(true) { func1(); }\n"
"void func6() noexcept(false) { func1(); }");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (error) Exception thrown in function declared not to throw exceptions.\n"
"[test.cpp:3]: (error) Exception thrown in function declared not to throw exceptions.\n"
"[test.cpp:5]: (error) Exception thrown in function declared not to throw exceptions.\n", errout.str());
// avoid false positives
check("const char *func() noexcept { return 0; }\n"
"const char *func1() noexcept { try { throw 1; } catch(...) {} return 0; }");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void nothrowThrow() {
check("void func1() throw(int) { try {;} catch(...) { throw 1; } ; }\n"
"void func2() throw() { throw 1; }\n"
"void func3() throw(int) { throw 1; }\n"
"void func4() throw() { func1(); }\n"
"void func5() throw(int) { func1(); }");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (error) Exception thrown in function declared not to throw exceptions.\n"
"[test.cpp:4]: (error) Exception thrown in function declared not to throw exceptions.\n", errout.str());
// avoid false positives
check("const char *func() throw() { return 0; }");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void unhandledExceptionSpecification1() { // #4800
check("void myThrowingFoo() throw(MyException) {\n"
" throw MyException();\n"
"}\n"
"void myNonCatchingFoo() {\n"
" myThrowingFoo();\n"
"}\n"
"void myCatchingFoo() {\n"
" try {\n"
" myThrowingFoo();\n"
" } catch(MyException &) {}\n"
"}\n", true);
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:1]: (style, inconclusive) Unhandled exception specification when calling function myThrowingFoo().\n", errout.str());
}
void unhandledExceptionSpecification2() {
check("void f() const throw (std::runtime_error);\n"
"int main()\n"
"{\n"
" f();\n"
"}\n", true);
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void unhandledExceptionSpecification3() {
const char code[] = "void f() const throw (std::runtime_error);\n"
"int _init() {\n"
" f();\n"
"}\n"
"int _fini() {\n"
" f();\n"
"}\n"
"int main()\n"
"{\n"
" f();\n"
"}\n";
check(code, true);
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:1]: (style, inconclusive) Unhandled exception specification when calling function f().\n"
"[test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:1]: (style, inconclusive) Unhandled exception specification when calling function f().\n", errout.str());
const Settings s = settingsBuilder().library("gnu.cfg").build();
check(code, true, &s);
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void nothrowAttributeThrow() {
check("void func1() throw(int) { throw 1; }\n"
"void func2() __attribute((nothrow)); void func2() { throw 1; }\n"
"void func3() __attribute((nothrow)); void func3() { func1(); }");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (error) Exception thrown in function declared not to throw exceptions.\n"
"[test.cpp:3]: (error) Exception thrown in function declared not to throw exceptions.\n", errout.str());
// avoid false positives
check("const char *func() __attribute((nothrow)); void func1() { return 0; }");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void nothrowAttributeThrow2() {
check("class foo {\n"
" void copyMemberValues() throw () {\n"
" copyMemberValues();\n"
" }\n"
"};");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void nothrowDeclspecThrow() {
check("void func1() throw(int) { throw 1; }\n"
"void __declspec(nothrow) func2() { throw 1; }\n"
"void __declspec(nothrow) func3() { func1(); }");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (error) Exception thrown in function declared not to throw exceptions.\n"
"[test.cpp:3]: (error) Exception thrown in function declared not to throw exceptions.\n", errout.str());
// avoid false positives
check("const char *func() __attribute((nothrow)); void func1() { return 0; }");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void rethrowNoCurrentException1() {
check("void func1(const bool flag) { try{ if(!flag) throw; } catch (int&) { ; } }");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:1]: (error) Rethrowing current exception with 'throw;', it seems there is no current exception to rethrow."
" If there is no current exception this calls std::terminate(). More: https://isocpp.org/wiki/faq/exceptions#throw-without-an-object\n", errout.str());
}
void rethrowNoCurrentException2() {
check("void func1() { try{ ; } catch (...) { ; } throw; }");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:1]: (error) Rethrowing current exception with 'throw;', it seems there is no current exception to rethrow."
" If there is no current exception this calls std::terminate(). More: https://isocpp.org/wiki/faq/exceptions#throw-without-an-object\n", errout.str());
}
void rethrowNoCurrentException3() {
check("void on_error() { try { throw; } catch (const int &) { ; } catch (...) { ; } }\n" // exception dispatcher idiom
"void func2() { try{ ; } catch (const int&) { throw; } ; }\n"
"void func3() { throw 0; }");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
};
REGISTER_TEST(TestExceptionSafety)
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