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cppcheck/test/testautovariables.cpp

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/*
* Cppcheck - A tool for static C/C++ code analysis
* Copyright (C) 2007-2023 Cppcheck team.
*
* This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
#include "checkautovariables.h"
#include "errortypes.h"
#include "settings.h"
#include "fixture.h"
#include "tokenize.h"
#include <sstream> // IWYU pragma: keep
class TestAutoVariables : public TestFixture {
public:
TestAutoVariables() : TestFixture("TestAutoVariables") {}
private:
const Settings settings = settingsBuilder().severity(Severity::warning).severity(Severity::style).library("std.cfg").library("qt.cfg").build();
#define check(...) check_(__FILE__, __LINE__, __VA_ARGS__)
void check_(const char* file, int line, const char code[], bool inconclusive = true, const char* filename = "test.cpp") {
// Clear the error buffer..
errout.str("");
const Settings settings1 = settingsBuilder(settings).certainty(Certainty::inconclusive, inconclusive).build();
// Tokenize..
Tokenizer tokenizer(&settings1, this);
std::istringstream istr(code);
ASSERT_LOC(tokenizer.tokenize(istr, filename), file, line);
runChecks<CheckAutoVariables>(tokenizer, this);
}
void run() override {
TEST_CASE(testautovar1);
TEST_CASE(testautovar2);
TEST_CASE(testautovar3); // ticket #2925
TEST_CASE(testautovar4); // ticket #2928
TEST_CASE(testautovar5); // ticket #2926
TEST_CASE(testautovar6); // ticket #2931
TEST_CASE(testautovar7); // ticket #3066
TEST_CASE(testautovar8);
TEST_CASE(testautovar9);
TEST_CASE(testautovar10); // ticket #2930 - void f(char *p) { p = '\0'; }
TEST_CASE(testautovar11); // ticket #4641 - fp, assign local struct member address to function parameter
TEST_CASE(testautovar12); // ticket #5024 - crash
TEST_CASE(testautovar13); // ticket #5537 - crash
TEST_CASE(testautovar14); // ticket #4776 - assignment of function parameter, goto
TEST_CASE(testautovar15); // ticket #6538
TEST_CASE(testautovar16); // ticket #8114
TEST_CASE(testautovar_array1);
TEST_CASE(testautovar_array2);
TEST_CASE(testautovar_array3);
TEST_CASE(testautovar_normal); // "normal" token list that does not remove casts etc
TEST_CASE(testautovar_ptrptr); // ticket #6956
TEST_CASE(testautovar_return1);
TEST_CASE(testautovar_return2);
TEST_CASE(testautovar_return3);
TEST_CASE(testautovar_return4);
TEST_CASE(testautovar_return5);
TEST_CASE(testautovar_extern);
TEST_CASE(testautovar_reassigned);
TEST_CASE(testinvaliddealloc);
TEST_CASE(testinvaliddealloc_input); // Ticket #10600
TEST_CASE(testinvaliddealloc_string);
TEST_CASE(testinvaliddealloc_C);
TEST_CASE(testassign1); // Ticket #1819
TEST_CASE(testassign2); // Ticket #2765
TEST_CASE(assignAddressOfLocalArrayToGlobalPointer);
TEST_CASE(assignAddressOfLocalVariableToGlobalPointer);
TEST_CASE(assignAddressOfLocalVariableToMemberVariable);
TEST_CASE(returnLocalVariable1);
TEST_CASE(returnLocalVariable2);
TEST_CASE(returnLocalVariable3); // &x[0]
TEST_CASE(returnLocalVariable4); // x+y
TEST_CASE(returnLocalVariable5); // cast
TEST_CASE(returnLocalVariable6); // valueflow
// return reference..
TEST_CASE(returnReference1);
TEST_CASE(returnReference2);
TEST_CASE(returnReference3);
TEST_CASE(returnReference4);
TEST_CASE(returnReference5);
TEST_CASE(returnReference6);
TEST_CASE(returnReference7);
TEST_CASE(returnReference8);
TEST_CASE(returnReference9);
TEST_CASE(returnReference10);
TEST_CASE(returnReference11);
TEST_CASE(returnReference12);
TEST_CASE(returnReference13);
TEST_CASE(returnReference14);
TEST_CASE(returnReference15); // #9432
TEST_CASE(returnReference16); // #9433
TEST_CASE(returnReference16); // #9433
TEST_CASE(returnReference17); // #9461
TEST_CASE(returnReference18); // #9482
TEST_CASE(returnReference19); // #9597
TEST_CASE(returnReference20); // #9536
TEST_CASE(returnReference21); // #9530
TEST_CASE(returnReference22);
TEST_CASE(returnReference23);
TEST_CASE(returnReference24); // #10098
TEST_CASE(returnReference25); // #10983
TEST_CASE(returnReference26);
TEST_CASE(returnReferenceFunction);
TEST_CASE(returnReferenceContainer);
TEST_CASE(returnReferenceLiteral);
TEST_CASE(returnReferenceCalculation);
TEST_CASE(returnReferenceLambda);
TEST_CASE(returnReferenceInnerScope);
TEST_CASE(returnReferenceRecursive);
TEST_CASE(extendedLifetime);
TEST_CASE(danglingReference);
TEST_CASE(danglingTempReference);
// global namespace
TEST_CASE(testglobalnamespace);
TEST_CASE(returnParameterAddress);
TEST_CASE(testconstructor); // ticket #5478 - crash
TEST_CASE(variableIsUsedInScope); // ticket #5599 crash in variableIsUsedInScope()
TEST_CASE(danglingLifetimeLambda);
TEST_CASE(danglingLifetimeContainer);
TEST_CASE(danglingLifetimeContainerView);
TEST_CASE(danglingLifetimeUniquePtr);
TEST_CASE(danglingLifetime);
TEST_CASE(danglingLifetimeFunction);
TEST_CASE(danglingLifetimeUserConstructor);
TEST_CASE(danglingLifetimeAggegrateConstructor);
TEST_CASE(danglingLifetimeInitList);
TEST_CASE(danglingLifetimeImplicitConversion);
TEST_CASE(danglingTemporaryLifetime);
TEST_CASE(danglingLifetimeBorrowedMembers);
TEST_CASE(danglingLifetimeClassMemberFunctions);
TEST_CASE(invalidLifetime);
TEST_CASE(deadPointer);
TEST_CASE(splitNamespaceAuto); // crash #10473
}
void testautovar1() {
check("void func1(int **res)\n"
"{\n"
" int num = 2;\n"
" *res = &num;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Address of local auto-variable assigned to a function parameter.\n", errout.str());
check("void func1(int **res)\n"
"{\n"
" int num = 2;\n"
" res = &num;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (warning) Assignment of function parameter has no effect outside the function. Did you forget dereferencing it?\n", errout.str());
check("void func1(int **res)\n"
"{\n"
" int num = 2;\n"
" foo.res = &num;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void testautovar2() {
check("class Fred {\n"
" void func1(int **res);\n"
"}\n"
"void Fred::func1(int **res)\n"
"{\n"
" int num = 2;\n"
" *res = &num;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7]: (error) Address of local auto-variable assigned to a function parameter.\n", errout.str());
check("class Fred {\n"
" void func1(int **res);\n"
"}\n"
"void Fred::func1(int **res)\n"
"{\n"
" int num = 2;\n"
" res = &num;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7]: (warning) Assignment of function parameter has no effect outside the function. Did you forget dereferencing it?\n", errout.str());
check("class Fred {\n"
" void func1(int **res);\n"
"}\n"
"void Fred::func1(int **res)\n"
"{\n"
" int num = 2;\n"
" foo.res = &num;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void testautovar3() { // ticket #2925
check("void foo(int **p)\n"
"{\n"
" int x[100];\n"
" *p = x;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Address of local auto-variable assigned to a function parameter.\n", errout.str());
}
void testautovar4() { // ticket #2928
check("void foo(int **p)\n"
"{\n"
" static int x[100];\n"
" *p = x;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void testautovar5() { // ticket #2926
check("void foo(struct AB *ab)\n"
"{\n"
" char a;\n"
" ab->a = &a;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error, inconclusive) Address of local auto-variable assigned to a function parameter.\n", errout.str());
}
void testautovar6() { // ticket #2931
check("void foo(struct X *x)\n"
"{\n"
" char a[10];\n"
" x->str = a;\n"
"}", false);
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void foo(struct X *x)\n"
"{\n"
" char a[10];\n"
" x->str = a;\n"
"}", true);
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error, inconclusive) Address of local auto-variable assigned to a function parameter.\n", errout.str());
}
void testautovar7() { // ticket #3066
check("struct txt_scrollpane_s * TXT_NewScrollPane(struct txt_widget_s * target)\n"
"{\n"
" struct txt_scrollpane_s * scrollpane;\n"
" target->parent = &scrollpane->widget;\n"
" return scrollpane;\n"
"}", false);
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void testautovar8() {
check("void foo(int*& p) {\n"
" int i = 0;\n"
" p = &i;\n"
"}", false);
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Address of local auto-variable assigned to a function parameter.\n", errout.str());
check("void foo(std::string& s) {\n"
" s = foo;\n"
"}", false);
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void testautovar9() {
check("struct FN {int i;};\n"
"struct FP {FN* f};\n"
"void foo(int*& p, FN* p_fp) {\n"
" FN fn;\n"
" FP fp;\n"
" p = &fn.i;\n"
"}", false);
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6]: (error) Address of local auto-variable assigned to a function parameter.\n", errout.str());
check("struct FN {int i;};\n"
"struct FP {FN* f};\n"
"void foo(int*& p, FN* p_fp) {\n"
" FN fn;\n"
" FP fp;\n"
" p = &p_fp->i;\n"
"}", false);
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct FN {int i;};\n"
"struct FP {FN* f};\n"
"void foo(int*& p, FN* p_fp) {\n"
" FN fn;\n"
" FP fp;\n"
" p = &fp.f->i;\n"
"}", false);
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void testautovar10() { // #2930 - assignment of function parameter
check("void foo(char* p) {\n"
" p = 0;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Assignment of function parameter has no effect outside the function. Did you forget dereferencing it?\n", errout.str());
check("void foo(int b) {\n"
" b = foo(b);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Assignment of function parameter has no effect outside the function.\n", errout.str());
check("void foo(int b) {\n"
" b += 1;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Assignment of function parameter has no effect outside the function.\n", errout.str());
check("void foo(std::string s) {\n"
" s = foo(b);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Assignment of function parameter has no effect outside the function.\n", errout.str());
check("void foo(char* p) {\n" // don't warn for self assignment, there is another warning for this
" p = p;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void foo(char* p) {\n"
" if (!p) p = buf;\n"
" *p = 0;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void foo(char* p) {\n"
" if (!p) p = buf;\n"
" do_something(p);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void foo(char* p) {\n"
" while (!p) p = buf;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void foo(char* p) {\n"
" p = 0;\n"
" asm(\"somecmd\");\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void foo(Foo* p) {\n"
" p = 0;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Assignment of function parameter has no effect outside the function. Did you forget dereferencing it?\n", errout.str());
check("class Foo {};\n"
"void foo(Foo p) {\n"
" p = 0;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (style) Assignment of function parameter has no effect outside the function.\n", errout.str());
check("void foo(Foo p) {\n"
" p = 0;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void foo(int& p) {\n"
" p = 0;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("double foo(double d) {\n" // #5005
" int i = d;\n"
" d = i;\n"
" return d;"
"}",false);
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void foo(int* ptr) {\n" // #4793
" ptr++;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Assignment of function parameter has no effect outside the function. Did you forget dereferencing it?\n", errout.str());
check("void foo(int* ptr) {\n" // #3177
" --ptr;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Assignment of function parameter has no effect outside the function. Did you forget dereferencing it?\n", errout.str());
check("void foo(struct S* const x) {\n" // #7839
" ++x->n;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void testautovar11() { // #4641 - fp, assign local struct member address to function parameter
check("struct A {\n"
" char (*data)[10];\n"
"};\n"
"void foo(char** p) {\n"
" struct A a = bar();\n"
" *p = &(*a.data)[0];\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" char data[10];\n"
"};\n"
"void foo(char** p) {\n"
" struct A a = bar();\n"
" *p = &a.data[0];\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6]: (error) Address of local auto-variable assigned to a function parameter.\n", errout.str());
check("void f(char **out) {\n"
" struct S *p = glob;\n"
" *out = &p->data;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #4998
check("void f(s8**out) {\n"
" s8 *p;\n" // <- p is pointer => no error
" *out = &p[1];\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void f(s8**out) {\n"
" s8 p[10];\n" // <- p is array => error
" *out = &p[1];\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Address of local auto-variable assigned to a function parameter.\n", errout.str());
}
void testautovar12() { // Ticket #5024, #5050 - Crash on invalid input
ASSERT_THROW(check("void f(int* a) { a = }"), InternalError);
check("struct custom_type { custom_type(int) {} };\n"
"void func(int) {}\n"
"int var;\n"
"void init() { func(var); }\n"
"UNKNOWN_MACRO_EXPANDING_TO_SIGNATURE { custom_type a(var); }");
}
void testautovar13() { // Ticket #5537
check("class FileManager {\n"
" FileManager() : UniqueRealDirs(*new UniqueDirContainer())\n"
" {}\n"
" ~FileManager() {\n"
" delete &UniqueRealDirs;\n"
" }\n"
"};");
}
void testautovar14() { // Ticket #4776
check("void f(int x) {\n"
"label:"
" if (x>0) {\n"
" x = x >> 1;\n"
" goto label;\n"
" }\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void testautovar15() { // Ticket #6538
check("static const float4 darkOutline(0.05f, 0.05f, 0.05f, 0.95f);\n"
"static const float darkLuminosity = 0.05 +\n"
" 0.0722f * math::powf(darkOutline[2], 2.2);\n"
"const float4* ChooseOutlineColor(const float4& textColor) {\n"
" const float lumdiff = something;\n"
" if (lumdiff > 5.0f)\n"
" return &darkOutline;\n"
" return 0;\n"
"}", false);
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void testautovar16() { // Ticket #8114
check("void f(const void* ptr, bool* result) {\n"
" int dummy;\n"
" *result = (&dummy < ptr);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void testautovar_array1() {
check("void func1(int* arr[2])\n"
"{\n"
" int num=2;"
" arr[0]=&num;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Address of local auto-variable assigned to a function parameter.\n", errout.str());
}
void testautovar_array2() {
check("class Fred {\n"
" void func1(int* arr[2]);\n"
"}\n"
"void Fred::func1(int* arr[2])\n"
"{\n"
" int num=2;"
" arr[0]=&num;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6]: (error) Address of local auto-variable assigned to a function parameter.\n", errout.str());
}
void testautovar_array3() {
check("int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {\n" // #11732
" std::string a = \"abc\";\n"
" argv[0] = &a[0];\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void f(char* c[]) {\n"
" char a[] = \"abc\";\n"
" c[0] = a;\n"
"}\n"
"void g(char* c[]) {\n"
" std::string a = \"abc\";\n"
" c[0] = a.data();\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Address of local auto-variable assigned to a function parameter.\n"
"[test.cpp:7]: (error) Address of local auto-variable assigned to a function parameter.\n",
errout.str());
check("struct String {\n"
" String& operator=(const char* c) { m = c; return *this; }\n"
" std::string m;\n"
"};\n"
"struct T { String s; };\n"
"void f(T* t) {\n"
" char a[] = \"abc\";\n"
" t->s = &a[0];\n"
"}\n"
"void g(std::string* s) {\n"
" char a[] = \"abc\";\n"
" *s = &a[0];\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void testautovar_normal() {
check("void f(XmDestinationCallbackStruct *ds)\n"
"{\n"
" XPoint DropPoint;\n"
" ds->location_data = (XtPointer *)&DropPoint;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error, inconclusive) Address of local auto-variable assigned to a function parameter.\n", errout.str());
}
void testautovar_ptrptr() { // #6596
check("void remove_duplicate_matches (char **matches) {\n"
" char dead_slot;\n"
" matches[0] = (char *)&dead_slot;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Address of local auto-variable assigned to a function parameter.\n", errout.str());
}
void testautovar_return1() {
check("int* func1()\n"
"{\n"
" int num=2;"
" return &num;"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Returning pointer to local variable 'num' that will be invalid when returning.\n", errout.str());
}
void testautovar_return2() {
check("class Fred {\n"
" int* func1();\n"
"}\n"
"int* Fred::func1()\n"
"{\n"
" int num=2;"
" return &num;"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:6]: (error) Returning pointer to local variable 'num' that will be invalid when returning.\n", errout.str());
}
void testautovar_return3() {
// #2975 - FP
check("void** f()\n"
"{\n"
" void *&value = tls[id];"
" return &value;"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void testautovar_return4() {
// #8058 - FP ignore return in lambda
check("void foo() {\n"
" int cond2;\n"
" dostuff([&cond2]() { return &cond2; });\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void testautovar_return5() { // #11465
check("struct S {};\n"
"const std::type_info* f() {\n"
" return &typeid(S);\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void testautovar_extern() {
check("struct foo *f()\n"
"{\n"
" extern struct foo f;\n"
" return &f;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void testautovar_reassigned() {
check("void foo(cb* pcb) {\n"
" int root0;\n"
" pcb->root0 = &root0;\n"
" dostuff(pcb);\n"
" pcb->root0 = 0;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void foo(cb* pcb) {\n"
" int root0;\n"
" pcb->root0 = &root0;\n"
" dostuff(pcb);\n"
" if (condition) return;\n" // <- not reassigned => error
" pcb->root0 = 0;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error, inconclusive) Address of local auto-variable assigned to a function parameter.\n", errout.str());
check("void foo(cb* pcb) {\n"
" int root0;\n"
" pcb->root0 = &root0;\n"
" dostuff(pcb);\n"
" if (condition)\n"
" pcb->root0 = 0;\n" // <- conditional reassign => error
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error, inconclusive) Address of local auto-variable assigned to a function parameter.\n", errout.str());
check("struct S { int *p; };\n"
"void g(struct S* s) {\n"
" int a[10];\n"
" s->p = a;\n"
" a[0] = 0;\n"
"}\n"
"void f() {\n"
" struct S s;\n"
" g(&s);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:4]: (error) Address of local auto-variable assigned to a function parameter.\n"
"[test.cpp:4]: (error) Address of local auto-variable assigned to a function parameter.\n", // duplicate
errout.str());
}
void testinvaliddealloc() {
check("void func1() {\n"
" char tmp1[256];\n"
" free(tmp1);\n"
" char tmp2[256];\n"
" delete tmp2;\n"
" char tmp3[256];\n"
" delete tmp3;\n"
" char tmp4[256];\n"
" delete[] (tmp4);\n"
" char tmp5[256];\n"
" delete[] tmp5;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Deallocation of an auto-variable results in undefined behaviour.\n"
"[test.cpp:5]: (error) Deallocation of an auto-variable results in undefined behaviour.\n"
"[test.cpp:7]: (error) Deallocation of an auto-variable results in undefined behaviour.\n"
"[test.cpp:9]: (error) Deallocation of an auto-variable results in undefined behaviour.\n"
"[test.cpp:11]: (error) Deallocation of an auto-variable results in undefined behaviour.\n", errout.str());
check("void func1(char * ptr) {\n"
" free(ptr);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void func1() {\n"
" char* tmp1[256];\n"
" init(tmp1);\n"
" delete tmp1[34];\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void func1() {\n"
" static char tmp1[256];\n"
" char *p = tmp1;\n"
" free(p);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Deallocation of a static variable (tmp1) results in undefined behaviour.\n", errout.str());
check("char tmp1[256];\n"
"void func1() {\n"
" char *p; if (x) p = tmp1;\n"
" free(p);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Deallocation of a global variable (tmp1) results in undefined behaviour.\n", errout.str());
check("void f()\n"
"{\n"
" char psz_title[10];\n"
" {\n"
" char *psz_title = 0;\n"
" abc(0, psz_title);\n"
" free(psz_title);\n"
" }\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #2298 new check: passing stack-address to free()
check("int main() {\n"
" int *p = malloc(4);\n"
" free(&p);\n"
" return 0;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Deallocation of an auto-variable results in undefined behaviour.\n", errout.str());
check("int main() {\n"
" int i;\n"
" free(&i);\n"
" return 0;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Deallocation of an auto-variable results in undefined behaviour.\n", errout.str());
// #5732
check("int main() {\n"
" long (*pKoeff)[256] = new long[9][256];\n"
" delete[] pKoeff;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("int main() {\n"
" long *pKoeff[256];\n"
" delete[] pKoeff;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Deallocation of an auto-variable results in undefined behaviour.\n", errout.str());
check("int main() {\n"
" long *pKoeff[256];\n"
" free (pKoeff);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Deallocation of an auto-variable results in undefined behaviour.\n", errout.str());
check("void foo() {\n"
" const intPtr& intref = Getter();\n"
" delete intref;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void test() {\n"
" MyObj& obj = *new MyObj;\n"
" delete &obj;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #6506
check("struct F {\n"
" void free(void*) {}\n"
"};\n"
"void foo() {\n"
" char c1[1];\n"
" F().free(c1);\n"
" char *c2 = 0;\n"
" F().free(&c2);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("class foo {\n"
" void free(void* );\n"
" void someMethod() {\n"
" char **dst_copy = NULL;\n"
" free(&dst_copy);\n"
" }\n"
"};");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #6551
check("bool foo( ) {\n"
" SwTxtFld * pTxtFld = GetFldTxtAttrAt();\n"
" delete static_cast<SwFmtFld*>(&pTxtFld->GetAttr());\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #8910
check("void f() {\n"
" char stack[512];\n"
" RGNDATA *data;\n"
" if (data_size > sizeof (stack)) data = malloc (data_size);\n"
" else data = (RGNDATA *)stack;\n"
" if ((char *)data != stack) free (data);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #8923
check("void f(char **args1, char *args2[]) {\n"
" free((char **)args1);\n"
" free((char **)args2);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #10097
check("struct Array {\n"
" ~Array() { delete m_Arr; }\n"
" std::array<long, 256>* m_Arr{};\n"
"};\n"
"Array arr;\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #8174
check("struct S {};\n"
"void f() {\n"
" S s;\n"
" S* p = &s;\n"
" free(p);\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Deallocation of an auto-variable (s) results in undefined behaviour.\n", errout.str());
check("void f(bool b, int* q) {\n"
" int i;\n"
" int* p = b ? &i : q;\n"
" if (!b)\n"
" free(p);\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct E { int* i; };\n" // #11768
"struct C { E e; };\n"
"int foo(C* cin) {\n"
" E* e = &cin->e;\n"
" e->i = new int[42];\n"
" delete[] e->i;\n"
" return 0;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void f() {\n"
" S* p = &g();\n"
" delete p;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void testinvaliddealloc_input() {
// #10600
check("void f(int* a[]) {\n"
" free(a);\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void f(int a[]) {\n"
" free(a);\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void f(int* a[]) {\n"
" int * p = *a;\n"
" free(p);\n"
" int ** q = a;\n"
" free(q);\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void f(int a[]) {\n"
" int * p = a;\n"
" free(p);\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void testinvaliddealloc_string() {
// #7341
check("void f() {\n"
" char *ptr = \"a\";\n"
" free(\"a\");\n"
" delete \"a\";\n"
" free(ptr);\n"
" delete ptr;\n"
" char * p = malloc(1000);\n"
" p = \"abc\";\n"
" free(p);\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Deallocation of a string literal results in undefined behaviour.\n"
"[test.cpp:4]: (error) Deallocation of a string literal results in undefined behaviour.\n"
"[test.cpp:5]: (error) Deallocation of a pointer pointing to a string literal (\"a\") results in undefined behaviour.\n"
"[test.cpp:6]: (error) Deallocation of a pointer pointing to a string literal (\"a\") results in undefined behaviour.\n"
"[test.cpp:9]: (error) Deallocation of a pointer pointing to a string literal (\"abc\") results in undefined behaviour.\n",
errout.str());
check("void f() {\n"
" char *ptr = malloc(10);\n"
" char *empty_str = \"\";\n"
" if (ptr == NULL)\n"
" ptr = empty_str;\n"
" if (ptr != empty_str)\n"
" free(ptr);\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void testinvaliddealloc_C() {
// #5691
check("void svn_repos_dir_delta2() {\n"
" struct context c;\n"
" SVN_ERR(delete(&c, root_baton, src_entry, pool));\n"
"}\n", false, "test.c");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void testassign1() { // Ticket #1819
check("void f(EventPtr *eventP, ActionPtr **actionsP) {\n"
" EventPtr event = *eventP;\n"
" *actionsP = &event->actions;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void testassign2() { // Ticket #2765
check("static void function(unsigned long **datap) {\n"
" struct my_s *mr = global_structure_pointer;\n"
" *datap = &mr->value;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void assignAddressOfLocalArrayToGlobalPointer() {
check("int *p;\n"
"void f() {\n"
" int x[10];\n"
" p = x;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Non-local variable 'p' will use pointer to local variable 'x'.\n", errout.str());
check("int *p;\n"
"void f() {\n"
" int x[10];\n"
" p = x;\n"
" p = 0;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void assignAddressOfLocalVariableToGlobalPointer() {
check("int *p;\n"
"void f() {\n"
" int x;\n"
" p = &x;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Non-local variable 'p' will use pointer to local variable 'x'.\n", errout.str());
check("int *p;\n"
"void f() {\n"
" int x;\n"
" p = &x;\n"
" p = 0;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void assignAddressOfLocalVariableToMemberVariable() {
check("struct A {\n"
" void f() {\n"
" int x;\n"
" ptr = &x;\n"
" }\n"
" int *ptr;\n"
"};");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Non-local variable 'ptr' will use pointer to local variable 'x'.\n", errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" void f() {\n"
" int x;\n"
" ptr = &x;\n"
" ptr = 0;\n"
" }\n"
" int *ptr;\n"
"};");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void returnLocalVariable1() {
check("char *foo()\n"
"{\n"
" char str[100] = {0};\n"
" return str;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Returning pointer to local variable 'str' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("char *foo()\n" // use ValueFlow
"{\n"
" char str[100] = {0};\n"
" char *p = str;\n"
" return p;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:5]: (error) Returning pointer to local variable 'str' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("class Fred {\n"
" char *foo();\n"
"};\n"
"char *Fred::foo()\n"
"{\n"
" char str[100] = {0};\n"
" return str;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:7] -> [test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:7]: (error) Returning pointer to local variable 'str' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("char * format_reg(char *outbuffer_start) {\n"
" return outbuffer_start;\n"
"}\n"
"void print_with_operands() {\n"
" char temp[42];\n"
" char *tp = temp;\n"
" tp = format_reg(tp);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void returnLocalVariable2() {
check("std::string foo()\n"
"{\n"
" char str[100] = {0};\n"
" return str;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("class Fred {\n"
" std::string foo();\n"
"};\n"
"std::string Fred::foo()\n"
"{\n"
" char str[100] = {0};\n"
" return str;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void returnLocalVariable3() { // &x[..]
// #3030
check("char *foo() {\n"
" char q[] = \"AAAAAAAAAAAA\";\n"
" return &q[1];\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Returning pointer to local variable 'q' that will be invalid when returning.\n", errout.str());
check("char *foo()\n"
"{\n"
" static char q[] = \"AAAAAAAAAAAA\";\n"
" return &q[1];\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("char *foo()\n"
"{\n"
"char q[] = \"AAAAAAAAAAAA\";\n"
"char *p;\n"
"p = &q[1];\n"
"return p;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:6]: (error) Returning pointer to local variable 'q' that will be invalid when returning.\n", errout.str());
}
void returnLocalVariable4() { // x+y
check("char *foo() {\n"
" char x[10] = {0};\n"
" return x+5;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Returning pointer to local variable 'x' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("char *foo(int y) {\n"
" char x[10] = {0};\n"
" return (x+8)-y;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Returning pointer to local variable 'x' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
}
void returnLocalVariable5() { // cast
check("char *foo() {\n"
" int x[10] = {0};\n"
" return (char *)x;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Returning pointer to local variable 'x' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
}
void returnLocalVariable6() { // valueflow
check("int *foo() {\n"
" int x = 123;\n"
" int p = &x;\n"
" return p;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 'x' that will be invalid when returning.\n", errout.str());
}
void returnReference1() {
check("int &foo()\n"
"{\n"
" int s = 0;\n"
" int& x = s;\n"
" return x;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:5]: (error) Reference to local variable returned.\n", errout.str());
check("std::string &foo()\n"
"{\n"
" std::string s;\n"
" return s;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Reference to local variable returned.\n", errout.str());
check("std::vector<int> &foo()\n"
"{\n"
" std::vector<int> v;\n"
" return v;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Reference to local variable returned.\n", errout.str());
check("std::vector<int> &foo()\n"
"{\n"
" static std::vector<int> v;\n"
" return v;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("std::vector<int> &foo()\n"
"{\n"
" thread_local std::vector<int> v;\n"
" return v;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("std::string hello()\n"
"{\n"
" return \"hello\";\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"std::string &f()\n"
"{\n"
" return hello();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:8]: (error) Reference to temporary returned.\n", errout.str());
// make sure scope is used in function lookup
check("class Fred {\n"
" std::string hello() {\n"
" return std::string();\n"
" }\n"
"};\n"
"std::string &f() {\n"
" return hello();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("std::string hello() {\n"
" return std::string();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"std::string &f() {\n"
" return hello();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6]: (error) Reference to temporary returned.\n", errout.str());
check("std::string hello() {\n"
" return \"foo\";\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"std::string &f() {\n"
" return hello().substr(1);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6]: (error) Reference to temporary returned.\n", errout.str());
check("class Foo;\n"
"Foo hello() {\n"
" return Foo();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"Foo& f() {\n"
" return hello();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7]: (error) Reference to temporary returned.\n", errout.str());
// make sure function overloads are handled properly
check("class Foo;\n"
"Foo & hello(bool) {\n"
" static Foo foo;\n"
" return foo;\n"
"}\n"
"Foo hello() {\n"
" return Foo();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"Foo& f() {\n"
" return hello(true);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("Foo hello() {\n"
" return Foo();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"Foo& f() {\n" // Unknown type - might be a reference
" return hello();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void returnReference2() {
check("class Fred {\n"
" std::string &foo();\n"
"}\n"
"std::string &Fred::foo()\n"
"{\n"
" std::string s;\n"
" return s;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7]: (error) Reference to local variable returned.\n", errout.str());
check("class Fred {\n"
" std::vector<int> &foo();\n"
"};\n"
"std::vector<int> &Fred::foo()\n"
"{\n"
" std::vector<int> v;\n"
" return v;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7]: (error) Reference to local variable returned.\n", errout.str());
check("class Fred {\n"
" std::vector<int> &foo();\n"
"};\n"
"std::vector<int> &Fred::foo()\n"
"{\n"
" static std::vector<int> v;\n"
" return v;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("class Fred {\n"
" std::string &f();\n"
"};\n"
"std::string hello()\n"
"{\n"
" return \"hello\";\n"
"}\n"
"std::string &Fred::f()\n"
"{\n"
" return hello();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:10]: (error) Reference to temporary returned.\n", errout.str());
check("class Fred {\n"
" std::string hello();\n"
" std::string &f();\n"
"};\n"
"std::string Fred::hello()\n"
"{\n"
" return \"hello\";\n"
"}\n"
"std::string &Fred::f()\n"
"{\n"
" return hello();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:11]: (error) Reference to temporary returned.\n", errout.str());
check("class Bar;\n"
"Bar foo() {\n"
" return something;\n"
"}\n"
"Bar& bar() {\n"
" return foo();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6]: (error) Reference to temporary returned.\n", errout.str());
check("std::map<int, string> foo() {\n"
" return something;\n"
"}\n"
"std::map<int, string>& bar() {\n"
" return foo();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Reference to temporary returned.\n", errout.str());
check("Bar foo() {\n"
" return something;\n"
"}\n"
"Bar& bar() {\n" // Unknown type - might be a typedef to a reference type
" return foo();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// Don't crash with function in unknown scope (#4076)
check("X& a::Bar() {}"
"X& foo() {"
" return Bar();"
"}");
}
void returnReference3() {
check("double & f(double & rd) {\n"
" double ret = getValue();\n"
" rd = ret;\n"
" return rd;\n"
"}", false);
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
// Returning reference to global variable
void returnReference4() {
check("double a;\n"
"double & f() {\n"
" return a;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void returnReference5() {
check("struct A {\n"
" int i;\n"
"};\n"
"struct B {\n"
" A a;\n"
"};\n"
"struct C {\n"
" B *b;\n"
" const A& a() const {\n"
" const B *pb = b;\n"
" const A &ra = pb->a;\n"
" return ra;\n"
" }\n"
"};");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void returnReference6() {
check("Fred & create() {\n"
" Fred &fred(*new Fred);\n"
" return fred;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void returnReference7() { // 3791 - false positive for overloaded function
check("std::string a();\n"
"std::string &a(int);\n"
"std::string &b() {\n"
" return a(12);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("std::string &a(int);\n"
"std::string a();\n"
"std::string &b() {\n"
" return a(12);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void returnReference8() {
check("int& f(std::vector<int> &v) {\n"
" std::vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin();\n"
" int& value = *it;\n"
" return value;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void returnReference9() {
check("int& f(bool b, int& x, int& y) {\n"
" return b ? x : y;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void returnReference10() {
check("class A { int f() const; };\n"
"int& g() {\n"
" A a;\n"
" return a.f();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Reference to temporary returned.\n", errout.str());
check("class A { int& f() const; };\n"
"int& g() {\n"
" A a;\n"
" return a.f();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void returnReference11() {
check("class A { static int f(); };\n"
"int& g() {\n"
" return A::f();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Reference to temporary returned.\n", errout.str());
check("class A { static int& f(); };\n"
"int& g() {\n"
" return A::f();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("namespace A { int& f(); }\n"
"int& g() {\n"
" return A::f();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void returnReference12() {
check("class A { static int& f(); };\n"
"auto g() {\n"
" return &A::f;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("class A { static int& f(); };\n"
"auto g() {\n"
" auto x = &A::f;\n"
" return x;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void returnReference13() {
check("std::vector<int> v;\n"
"void* vp = &v;\n"
"int& foo(size_t i) {\n"
" return ((std::vector<int>*)vp)->at(i);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("std::vector<int> v;\n"
"void* vp = &v;\n"
"int& foo(size_t i) {\n"
" return static_cast<std::vector<int>*>(vp)->at(i);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void returnReference14() {
check("struct C { void* m; };\n"
"struct A { void* &f(); };\n"
"C* g() {\n"
" static C c;\n"
" return &c;\n"
"}\n"
"void* &A::f() {\n"
" return g()->m;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void returnReference15() {
check("template <class T>\n"
"const int& f() {\n"
" static int s;\n"
" return s;\n"
"}\n"
"template <class T>\n"
"const int& f(const T&) {\n"
" return f<T>();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("template <class T>\n"
"int g();\n"
"template <class T>\n"
"const int& f(const T&) {\n"
" return g<T>();\n"
"}");
TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("error", "", errout.str());
}
void returnReference16() {
check("int& f(std::tuple<int>& x) {\n"
" return std::get<0>(x);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("int& f(int x) {\n"
" return std::get<0>(std::make_tuple(x));\n"
"}");
TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("error", "", errout.str());
}
void returnReference17() {
check("auto g() -> int&;\n"
"int& f() {\n"
" return g();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void returnReference18() {
check("template<class T>\n"
"auto f(T& x) -> decltype(x);\n"
"int& g(int* x) {\n"
" return f(*x);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
// #9597
void returnReference19() {
check("struct C : B {\n"
" const B &f() const { return (const B &)*this; }\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
// #9536
void returnReference20() {
check("struct a {\n"
" int& operator()() const;\n"
"};\n"
"int& b() {\n"
" return a()();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("auto a() {\n"
" return []() -> int& {\n"
" static int b;\n"
" return b;\n"
" };\n"
"}\n"
"const int& c() {\n"
" return a()();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("std::function<int&()> a();\n"
"int& b() {\n"
" return a()();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #9889
check("int f(std::vector<std::function<int&()>>& v, int i) {\n"
" auto& j = v[i]();\n"
" return j;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
// #9530
void returnReference21() {
check("int& f(int& x) {\n"
" return {x};\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void returnReference22() {
check("int& f() {\n"
" std::unique_ptr<int> p = std::make_unique<int>(1);\n"
" return *p;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Reference to local variable returned.\n", errout.str());
check("void g(const std::unique_ptr<int>&);\n"
"int& f() {\n"
" std::unique_ptr<int> p = std::make_unique<int>(1);\n"
" g(p);\n"
" return *p;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Reference to local variable returned.\n", errout.str());
check("void g(std::shared_ptr<int>);\n"
"int& f() {\n"
" std::shared_ptr<int> p = std::make_shared<int>(1);\n"
" g(p);\n"
" return *p;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("std::shared_ptr<int> g();\n"
"int& f() {\n"
" return *g();\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("std::unique_ptr<int> g();\n"
"int& f() {\n"
" return *g();\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Reference to temporary returned.\n", errout.str());
check("struct A { int x; };\n"
"int& f() {\n"
" std::unique_ptr<A> p = std::make_unique<A>();\n"
" return p->x;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Reference to local variable returned.\n", errout.str());
}
void returnReference23() {
check("const std::vector<int> * g();\n"
"const std::vector<int>& f() {\n"
" return *g();\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void returnReference24()
{
check("struct A {\n"
" A() {}\n"
"};\n"
"const A& a() {\n"
" return A();\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Reference to temporary returned.\n", errout.str());
}
void returnReference25()
{
check("int& f();\n" // #10983
"auto g() -> decltype(f()) {\n"
" return f();\n"
"}\n"
"int& h() {\n"
" return g();\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void returnReference26()
{
check("const int& f() {\n" // #12153
" int x = 234;\n"
" int& s{ x };\n"
" return s;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Reference to local variable returned.\n", errout.str());
}
void returnReferenceFunction() {
check("int& f(int& a) {\n"
" return a;\n"
"}\n"
"int& hello() {\n"
" int x = 0;\n"
" return f(x);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:1] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:6]: (error) Reference to local variable returned.\n",
errout.str());
check("int& f(int& a) {\n"
" return a;\n"
"}\n"
"int* hello() {\n"
" int x = 0;\n"
" return &f(x);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:1] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:6]: (error) Returning pointer to local variable 'x' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("int* f(int * x) {\n"
" return x;\n"
"}\n"
"int * g(int x) {\n"
" return f(&x);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:5]: (error) Returning pointer to local variable 'x' that will be invalid when returning.\n", errout.str());
check("int* f(int * x) {\n"
" x = nullptr;\n"
" return x;\n"
"}\n"
"int * g(int x) {\n"
" return f(&x);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("int f(int& a) {\n"
" return a;\n"
"}\n"
"int& hello() {\n"
" int x = 0;\n"
" return f(x);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6]: (error) Reference to temporary returned.\n", errout.str());
check("int& f(int a) {\n"
" return a;\n"
"}\n"
"int& hello() {\n"
" int x = 0;\n"
" return f(x);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (error) Reference to local variable returned.\n", errout.str());
check("int f(int a) {\n"
" return a;\n"
"}\n"
"int& hello() {\n"
" int x = 0;\n"
" return f(x);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6]: (error) Reference to temporary returned.\n", errout.str());
check("template<class T>\n"
"int& f(int& x, T y) {\n"
" x += y;\n"
" return x;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void returnReferenceContainer() {
check("auto& f() {\n"
" std::vector<int> x;\n"
" return x[0];\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Reference to local variable returned.\n", errout.str());
check("auto& f() {\n"
" std::vector<int> x;\n"
" return x.front();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Reference to local variable returned.\n", errout.str());
check("std::vector<int> g();\n"
"auto& f() {\n"
" return g().front();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Reference to temporary returned.\n", errout.str());
check("auto& f() {\n"
" return std::vector<int>{1}.front();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:2]: (error) Reference to temporary returned.\n", errout.str());
check("struct A { int foo; };\n"
"int& f(std::vector<A> v) {\n"
" auto it = v.begin();\n"
" return it->foo;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Reference to local variable returned.\n", errout.str());
check("template <class T, class K, class V>\n"
"const V& get_default(const T& t, const K& k, const V& v) {\n"
" auto it = t.find(k);\n"
" if (it == t.end()) return v;\n"
" return it->second;\n"
"}\n"
"const int& bar(const std::unordered_map<int, int>& m, int k) {\n"
" auto x = 0;\n"
" return get_default(m, k, x);\n"
"}\n",
true);
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:9] -> [test.cpp:9]: (error, inconclusive) Reference to local variable returned.\n",
errout.str());
check("template <class T, class K, class V>\n"
"const V& get_default(const T& t, const K& k, const V& v) {\n"
" auto it = t.find(k);\n"
" if (it == t.end()) return v;\n"
" return it->second;\n"
"}\n"
"const int& bar(const std::unordered_map<int, int>& m, int k) {\n"
" return get_default(m, k, 0);\n"
"}\n",
true);
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:8] -> [test.cpp:8]: (error, inconclusive) Reference to temporary returned.\n",
errout.str());
check("struct A { int foo; };\n"
"int& f(std::vector<A>& v) {\n"
" auto it = v.begin();\n"
" return it->foo;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("static std::vector<int> A[2];\n"
"static std::vector<int> B;\n"
"std::vector<int>& g(int i) {\n"
" return i ? A[i] : B;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void returnReferenceLiteral() {
check("const std::string &a() {\n"
" return \"foo\";\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (error) Reference to temporary returned.\n", errout.str());
check("const std::string a() {\n"
" return \"foo\";\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("const std::string& f(const std::string& x) { return x; }\n"
"const std::string &a() {\n"
" return f(\"foo\");\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:1] -> [test.cpp:1] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Reference to temporary returned.\n",
errout.str());
check("const char * f(const char * x) { return x; }\n"
"const std::string &a() {\n"
" return f(\"foo\");\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Reference to temporary returned.\n", errout.str());
}
void returnReferenceCalculation() {
check("const std::string &a(const std::string& str) {\n"
" return \"foo\" + str;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (error) Reference to temporary returned.\n", errout.str());
check("int& operator<<(int out, int path) {\n"
" return out << path;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (error) Reference to temporary returned.\n", errout.str());
check("std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const std::string& path) {\n"
" return out << path;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream* out, const std::string& path) {\n"
" return *out << path;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("Unknown1& operator<<(Unknown1 out, Unknown2 path) {\n"
" return out << path;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("int& a(int b) {\n"
" return 2*(b+1);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (error) Reference to temporary returned.\n", errout.str());
check("const std::string &a(const std::string& str) {\n"
" return str;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("const std::string &a(int bar) {\n"
" return foo(bar + 1);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("const std::string a(const std::string& str) {\n"
" return \"foo\" + str;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("int& incValue(int& value) {\n"
" return ++value;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void returnReferenceLambda() {
// #6787
check("const Item& foo(const Container& items) const {\n"
" return bar(items.begin(), items.end(),\n"
" [](const Item& lhs, const Item& rhs) {\n"
" return false;\n"
" });\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #5844
check("map<string,string> const &getVariableTable() {\n"
"static map<string,string> const s_var = []{\n"
" map<string,string> var;\n"
" return var;\n"
" }();\n"
"return s_var;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #7583
check("Command& foo() {\n"
" return f([]() -> int { return 1; });\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void returnReferenceInnerScope() {
// #6951
check("const Callback& make() {\n"
" struct _Wrapper {\n"
" static ulong call(void* o, const void* f, const void*[]) {\n"
" return 1;\n"
" }\n"
" };\n"
" return _make(_Wrapper::call, pmf);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void returnReferenceRecursive() {
check("int& f() { return f(); }");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("int& g(int& i) { return i; }\n"
"int& f() { return g(f()); }");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void extendedLifetime() {
check("void g(int*);\n"
"int h();\n"
"auto f() {\n"
" const int& x = h();\n"
" return [&] { return x; };\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:5]: (error) Returning lambda that captures local variable 'x' that will be invalid when returning.\n", errout.str());
check("void g(int*);\n"
"int h();\n"
"int* f() {\n"
" const int& x = h();\n"
" return &x;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:5]: (error) Returning pointer to local variable 'x' that will be invalid when returning.\n", errout.str());
check("void g(int*);\n"
"int h();\n"
"void f() {\n"
" int& x = h();\n"
" g(&x);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:5]: (error) Using pointer that is a temporary.\n"
"[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:5]: (error) Using reference to dangling temporary.\n",
errout.str());
check("void g(int*);\n"
"int h();\n"
"void f() {\n"
" const int& x = h();\n"
" g(&x);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct Data {\n"
" std::string path;\n"
"};\n"
"const char* foo() {\n"
" const Data& data = getData();\n"
" return data.path.c_str();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void danglingReference() {
check("int f( int k )\n"
"{\n"
" static int &r = k;\n"
" return r;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Non-local reference variable 'r' to local variable 'k'\n",
errout.str());
check("int &f( int & k )\n"
"{\n"
" static int &r = k;\n"
" return r;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void danglingTempReference() {
check("const std::string& g(const std::string& str_cref) {\n"
" return str_cref;\n"
"}\n"
"void f() {\n"
" const auto& str_cref2 = g(std::string(\"hello\"));\n"
" std::cout << str_cref2 << std::endl;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:1] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:6]: (error) Using reference to dangling temporary.\n", errout.str());
// Lifetime extended
check("std::string g(const std::string& str_cref) {\n"
" return str_cref;\n"
"}\n"
"void f() {\n"
" const auto& str_cref2 = g(std::string(\"hello\"));\n"
" std::cout << str_cref2 << std::endl;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("char f() {\n"
" char c = 0;\n"
" char&& cr = std::move(c);\n"
" return cr;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #9987
check("void g(std::vector<int>);\n"
"void f() {\n"
" std::vector<int>&& v = {};\n"
" g(std::move(v));\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void g(std::vector<int>);\n"
"std::vector<int> h();\n"
"void f() {\n"
" std::vector<int>&& v = h();\n"
" g(std::move(v));\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #11087
check("struct S1 {\n"
" int& get() { return val; }\n"
" int val{42};\n"
"};\n"
"void f() {\n"
" int& v = S1().get();\n"
" v += 1;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:7]: (error) Using reference to dangling temporary.\n",
errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" const int& g() const { return i; }\n"
" int i;\n"
"};\n"
"A* a();\n"
"int f() {\n"
" const int& i = a()->g();\n"
" return i;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" const int& g() const { return i; }\n"
" int i;\n"
"};\n"
"std::unique_ptr<A> a();\n"
"int f() {\n"
" const int& i = a()->g();\n"
" return i;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:7] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:7] -> [test.cpp:8]: (error) Using reference to dangling temporary.\n",
errout.str());
check("struct S1 {\n"
" auto get() -> auto& { return val; }\n"
" int val{42};\n"
"};\n"
"struct S2 {\n"
" auto get() -> S1 { return s; }\n"
" S1 s;\n"
"};\n"
"auto main() -> int {\n"
" S2 c{};\n"
" auto& v = c.get().get();\n"
" v += 1;\n"
" return c.s.val;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:11] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:11] -> [test.cpp:12]: (error) Using reference to dangling temporary.\n",
errout.str());
check("struct C {\n"
" std::vector<std::vector<int>> v;\n"
"};\n"
"struct P {\n"
" std::vector<C*>::const_iterator find() const { return pv.begin(); }\n"
" std::vector<C*> pv;\n"
"};\n"
"struct M {\n"
" const P* get() const { return p; }\n"
" P* p;\n"
"};\n"
"void f(const M* m) {\n"
" auto it = m->get()->find();\n"
" auto e = (*it)->v.begin();\n"
" const int& x = (*e)[1];\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("int* g();\n" // #11188
"void f() {\n"
" const auto& p = g();\n"
" if (p != nullptr) {}\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("template<typename S, typename T>\n"
"void f(const std::vector<S>& v) {\n"
" T a;\n"
" for (typename std::vector<S>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); ++it) {\n"
" const T& b = static_cast<const T&>(it->find(1));\n"
" a = b;\n"
" }\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("using namespace std;\n" // #10971
"struct S { int i = 3; };\n"
"unique_ptr<S> g() {\n"
" auto tp = make_unique<S>();\n"
" return tp;\n"
"}\n"
"void f() {\n"
" const S& s = *g();\n"
" (void)s.i;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:8] -> [test.cpp:9]: (error) Using reference to dangling temporary.\n", errout.str());
check("std::string f() {\n" // #12173
" std::string s;\n"
" for (auto& c : { \"a\", \"b\", \"c\" }) {\n"
" s += c;\n"
" }\n"
" return s;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void testglobalnamespace() {
check("class SharedPtrHolder\n"
"{\n"
" ::std::tr1::shared_ptr<int> pNum;\n"
"public:\n"
" void SetNum(const ::std::tr1::shared_ptr<int> & apNum)\n"
" {\n"
" pNum = apNum;\n"
" }\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void returnParameterAddress() {
check("int* foo(int y)\n"
"{\n"
" return &y;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:1] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Returning pointer to local variable 'y' that will be invalid when returning.\n", errout.str());
check("int ** foo(int * y)\n"
"{\n"
" return &y;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:1] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Returning pointer to local variable 'y' that will be invalid when returning.\n", errout.str());
check("const int * foo(const int & y)\n"
"{\n"
" return &y;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("int * foo(int * y)\n"
"{\n"
" return y;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct s { void *p; };\n"
"extern struct s* f(void);\n"
"void g(void **q)\n"
"{\n"
" struct s *r = f();\n"
" *q = &r->p;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void testconstructor() { // Ticket #5478 - crash while checking a constructor
check("class const_tree_iterator {\n"
" const_tree_iterator(bool (*_incream)(node_type*&)) {}\n"
" const_tree_iterator& parent() {\n"
" return const_tree_iterator(foo);\n"
" }\n"
"};");
}
void variableIsUsedInScope() {
check("void removed_cb (GList *uids) {\n"
"for (; uids; uids = uids->next) {\n"
"}\n"
"}\n"
"void opened_cb () {\n"
" g_signal_connect (G_CALLBACK (removed_cb));\n"
"}");
}
void danglingLifetimeLambda() {
check("auto f() {\n"
" int a = 1;\n"
" auto l = [&](){ return a; };\n"
" return l;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Returning lambda that captures local variable 'a' that will be invalid when returning.\n", errout.str());
check("auto f() {\n"
" int a = 1;\n"
" return [&](){ return a; };\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Returning lambda that captures local variable 'a' that will be invalid when returning.\n", errout.str());
check("auto f(int a) {\n"
" return [&](){ return a; };\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:1] -> [test.cpp:2]: (error) Returning lambda that captures local variable 'a' that will be invalid when returning.\n", errout.str());
check("auto f(int a) {\n"
" auto p = &a;\n"
" return [=](){ return p; };\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:1] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Returning lambda that captures local variable 'a' that will be invalid when returning.\n", errout.str());
check("auto g(int& a) {\n"
" int p = a;\n"
" return [&](){ return p; };\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Returning lambda that captures local variable 'p' that will be invalid when returning.\n", errout.str());
check("auto f() {\n"
" return [=](){\n"
" int a = 1;\n"
" return [&](){ return a; };\n"
" };\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Returning lambda that captures local variable 'a' that will be invalid when returning.\n", errout.str());
check("auto f(int b) {\n"
" return [=](int a){\n"
" a += b;\n"
" return [&](){ return a; };\n"
" };\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Returning lambda that captures local variable 'a' that will be invalid when returning.\n", errout.str());
check("auto g(int& a) {\n"
" return [&](){ return a; };\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("auto g(int a) {\n"
" auto p = a;\n"
" return [=](){ return p; };\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("auto g(int& a) {\n"
" auto p = a;\n"
" return [=](){ return p; };\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("auto g(int& a) {\n"
" int& p = a;\n"
" return [&](){ return p; };\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("template<class F>\n"
"void g(F);\n"
"auto f() {\n"
" int x;\n"
" return g([&]() { return x; });\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("auto f() {\n"
" int i = 0;\n"
" return [&i] {};\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Returning lambda that captures local variable 'i' that will be invalid when returning.\n", errout.str());
check("auto f() {\n"
" int i = 0;\n"
" return [i] {};\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("auto f() {\n"
" int i = 0;\n"
" return [=, &i] {};\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Returning lambda that captures local variable 'i' that will be invalid when returning.\n", errout.str());
check("auto f() {\n"
" int i = 0;\n"
" int j = 0;\n"
" return [=, &i] { return j; };\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Returning lambda that captures local variable 'i' that will be invalid when returning.\n", errout.str());
check("auto f() {\n"
" int i = 0;\n"
" return [&, i] {};\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("auto f() {\n"
" int i = 0;\n"
" int j = 0;\n"
" return [&, i] { return j; };\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Returning lambda that captures local variable 'j' that will be invalid when returning.\n", errout.str());
check("auto f(int& i) {\n"
" int j = 0;\n"
" return [=, &i] { return j; };\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void f(int*);\n"
"auto g(int y) {\n"
" int x = y;\n"
" return [=] {\n"
" g(&x);\n"
" };\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" int x;\n"
"};\n"
"auto f() {\n"
" A a;\n"
" return [=] {\n"
" const A* ap = &a;\n"
" ap->x;\n"
" };\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void danglingLifetimeContainer() {
check("auto f(const std::vector<int>& x) {\n"
" auto it = x.begin();\n"
" return it;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("std::vector<int>::iterator f() {\n"
" std::vector<int> x;\n"
" auto it = x.begin();\n"
" return it;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Returning iterator to local container 'x' that will be invalid when returning.\n", errout.str());
check("auto f() {\n"
" std::vector<int> x;\n"
" auto it = std::begin(x);\n"
" return it;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Returning iterator to local container 'x' that will be invalid when returning.\n", errout.str());
check("int* f() {\n"
" std::vector<int> x;\n"
" auto p = x.data();\n"
" return p;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Returning pointer to local variable 'x' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("auto f() {\n"
" std::vector<int> x;\n"
" auto p = &x[0];\n"
" return p;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Returning pointer to local variable 'x' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("struct A { int foo; };\n"
"int* f(std::vector<A> v) {\n"
" auto it = v.begin();\n"
" return &it->foo;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Returning pointer to local variable 'v' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("std::vector<int>::iterator f(std::vector<int> x) {\n"
" auto it = x.begin();\n"
" return it;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:1] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Returning iterator to local container 'x' that will be invalid when returning.\n", errout.str());
check("auto f() {\n"
" std::vector<int> x;\n"
" auto it = x.begin();\n"
" return std::next(it);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 'x' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("auto f() {\n"
" std::vector<int> x;\n"
" auto it = x.begin();\n"
" return it + 1;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Returning iterator to local container 'x' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("auto f() {\n"
" std::vector<int> x;\n"
" auto it = x.begin();\n"
" return std::next(it + 1);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 'x' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("std::vector<int*> f() {\n"
" int i = 0;\n"
" std::vector<int*> v;\n"
" v.push_back(&i);\n"
" return v;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:5]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 'i' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("std::vector<int*> f() {\n"
" std::vector<int*> r;\n"
" int i = 0;\n"
" std::vector<int*> v;\n"
" v.push_back(&i);\n"
" r.assign(v.begin(), v.end());\n"
" return r;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:7]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 'i' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" std::vector<int*> v;\n"
" void f() {\n"
" int i;\n"
" v.push_back(&i);\n"
" }\n"
"};");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:5]: (error) Non-local variable 'v' will use object that points to local variable 'i'.\n",
errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" std::vector<int*> v;\n"
" void f() {\n"
" int i;\n"
" int * p = &i;\n"
" v.push_back(p);\n"
" }\n"
"};");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:6]: (error) Non-local variable 'v' will use object that points to local variable 'i'.\n",
errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" std::vector<int*> m;\n"
" void f() {\n"
" int x;\n"
" std::vector<int*> v;\n"
" v.push_back(&x);\n"
" m.insert(m.end(), v.begin(), v.end());\n"
" }\n"
"};");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:7]: (error) Non-local variable 'm' will use object that points to local variable 'x'.\n"
"[test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:7]: (error) Non-local variable 'm' will use object that points to local variable 'x'.\n", // duplicate
errout.str());
check("std::vector<int>::iterator f(std::vector<int> v) {\n"
" for(auto it = v.begin();it != v.end();it++) {\n"
" return it;\n"
" }\n"
" return {};\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:1] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Returning iterator to local container 'v' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("const char * f() {\n"
" std::string ba(\"hello\");\n"
" return ba.c_str();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Returning pointer to local variable 'ba' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("template <class T, class K, class V>\n"
"const V* get_default(const T& t, const K& k, const V* v) {\n"
" auto it = t.find(k);\n"
" if (it == t.end()) return v;\n"
" return &it->second;\n"
"}\n"
"const int* bar(const std::unordered_map<int, int>& m, int k) {\n"
" auto x = 0;\n"
" return get_default(m, k, &x);\n"
"}\n",
true);
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:9] -> [test.cpp:9] -> [test.cpp:8] -> [test.cpp:9]: (error, inconclusive) Returning pointer to local variable 'x' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("std::vector<int> g();\n"
"auto f() {\n"
" return g().begin();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Returning iterator that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("std::vector<int> g();\n"
"std::vector<int>::iterator f() {\n"
" auto it = g().begin();\n"
" return it;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Using iterator that is a temporary.\n"
"[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Returning iterator that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("std::vector<int> g();\n"
"int& f() {\n"
" return *g().begin();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Reference to temporary returned.\n", errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" std::vector<std::string> v;\n"
" void f() {\n"
" char s[3];\n"
" v.push_back(s);\n"
" }\n"
"};");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("std::vector<std::string> f() {\n"
" const char * s = \"hello\";\n"
" std::vector<std::string> v;\n"
" v.push_back(s);\n"
" return v;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("auto f() {\n"
" static std::vector<int> x;\n"
" return x.begin();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("std::string g() {\n"
" std::vector<char> v;\n"
" return v.data();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("std::vector<int>::iterator f(std::vector<int>* v) {\n"
" return v->begin();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("std::vector<int>::iterator f(std::vector<int>* v) {\n"
" std::vector<int>* v = new std::vector<int>();\n"
" return v->begin();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("int f(std::vector<int> v) {\n"
" return *v.begin();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("int f(std::vector<int> v) {\n"
" return v.end() - v.begin();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("auto g() {\n"
" std::vector<char> v;\n"
" return {v, [v]() { return v.data(); }};\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("template<class F>\n"
"void g(F);\n"
"auto f() {\n"
" std::vector<char> v;\n"
" return g([&]() { return v.data(); });\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("std::vector<int> g();\n"
"struct A {\n"
" std::vector<int> m;\n"
" void f() {\n"
" std::vector<int> v = g();\n"
" m.insert(m.end(), v.begin(), v.end());\n"
" }\n"
"};");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void f(bool b) {\n"
" std::vector<int> v = {1};\n"
" if (b) {\n"
" int a[] = {0};\n"
" v.insert(a, a+1);\n"
" }\n"
" return v.back() == 0;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("class A {\n"
" int f( P p ) {\n"
" std::vector< S > maps;\n"
" m2.insert( m1.begin(), m1.end() );\n"
" }\n"
" struct B {};\n"
" std::map< S, B > m1;\n"
" std::map< S, B > m2;\n"
"};");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" std::vector<int*> v;\n"
" int x;\n"
" void f() {\n"
" v.push_back(&x);\n"
" }\n"
"};");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("size_t f(const std::string& x) {\n"
" std::string y = \"x\";\n"
" return y.find(x);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("std::string* f();\n"
"const char* g() {\n"
" std::string* var = f();\n"
" return var->c_str();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("std::string f() {\n"
" std::vector<char> data{};\n"
" data.push_back('a');\n"
" return std::string{ data.data(), data.size() };\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("std::vector<char*> f() {\n"
" char a = 0;\n"
" return std::vector<char*>{&a};\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 'a' that will be invalid when returning.\n", errout.str());
check("std::vector<int>* g();\n"
"int& f() {\n"
" auto* p = g();\n"
" return p->front();\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("std::vector<std::vector<int>> g();\n"
"void f() {\n"
" for(auto& x:g())\n"
" std::sort(x.begin(), x.end());\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" std::vector<int*> v;\n"
" void add(int* i) {\n"
" v.push_back(i);\n"
" }\n"
" void f() {\n"
" int i = 0;\n"
" add(&i);\n"
" }\n"
"};\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:8] -> [test.cpp:8] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:7] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Non-local variable 'v' will use object that points to local variable 'i'.\n",
errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" std::vector<int*> v;\n"
" void add(int* i) {\n"
" v.push_back(i);\n"
" }\n"
"};\n"
"void f() {\n"
" A a;\n"
" int i = 0;\n"
" a.add(&i);\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" std::vector<int*> v;\n"
" void add(int* i) {\n"
" v.push_back(i);\n"
" }\n"
" void f() {\n"
" A a;\n"
" int i = 0;\n"
" a.add(&i);\n"
" }\n"
"};\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("int f() {\n"
" int i;\n"
" {\n"
" std::vector<int> vec;\n"
" const auto iter = vec.begin();\n"
" i = (int)(iter - vec.begin());\n"
" }\n"
" return i;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("int* get(std::vector<int>& container) {\n"
" Sequence seq(container);\n"
" for (auto& r : seq) {\n"
" return &r;\n"
" }\n"
" return &*seq.begin();\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("std::string f(std::string Str, int first, int last) {\n"
" return { Str.begin() + first, Str.begin() + last + 1 };\n"
"}\n",
true);
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("std::string f(std::string s) {\n"
" std::string r = { s.begin(), s.end() };\n"
" return r;\n"
"}\n",
true);
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" std::vector<std::unique_ptr<int>> mA;\n"
" void f(std::unique_ptr<int> a) {\n"
" auto x = a.get();\n"
" mA.push_back(std::move(a));\n"
" }\n"
"};\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" std::map<std::string, int> m;\n"
" int* f(std::string s) {\n"
" auto r = m.emplace(name, name);\n"
" return &(r.first->second);\n"
" }\n"
"};\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void f() {\n"
" std::queue<int> q;\n"
" auto& h = q.emplace();\n"
" h = 1;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("std::string f(std::string s) {\n"
" std::string ss = (\":\" + s).c_str();\n"
" return ss;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void danglingLifetimeContainerView()
{
check("std::string_view f() {\n"
" std::string s = \"\";\n"
" return s;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 's' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("std::string_view f() {\n"
" std::string s = \"\";\n"
" std::string_view sv = s;\n"
" return sv;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 's' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("std::string_view f() {\n"
" std::string s = \"\";\n"
" return std::string_view{s};\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 's' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("std::string_view f(std::string_view s) {\n"
" return s;\n"
"}\n"
"std::string_view g() {\n"
" std::string s = \"\";\n"
" return f(s);\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:6]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 's' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("const char * f() {\n"
" std::string s;\n"
" std::string_view sv = s;\n"
" return sv.begin();\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Returning iterator to local container 's' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("const char * f() {\n"
" std::string s;\n"
" return std::string_view{s}.begin();\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Returning iterator to local container 's' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("const char * f() {\n"
" std::string s;\n"
" return std::string_view(s).begin();\n"
"}\n");
TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Returning iterator to local container 's' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
"",
errout.str());
check("const char * f(std::string_view sv) {\n"
" return sv.begin();\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("const char * f(std::string s) {\n"
" std::string_view sv = s;\n"
" return sv.begin();\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:1] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Returning iterator to local container 's' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("std::string_view f(std::string s) {\n"
" return s;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:1] -> [test.cpp:2]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 's' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("const char * f(const std::string& s) {\n"
" std::string_view sv = s;\n"
" return sv.begin();\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("std::string_view f(const std::string_view& sv) {\n"
" return sv;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void f() {\n" // #10993
" std::string_view v = std::string();\n"
" v.data();\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Using object that is a temporary.\n", errout.str());
check("std::string convert(std::string_view sv) { return std::string{ sv }; }\n" // #11374
"auto f() {\n"
" std::vector<std::string> v;\n"
" v.push_back(convert(\"foo\"));\n"
" return v[0];\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #10532
check("std::string f(std::string ss) {\n"
" std::string_view sv = true ? \"\" : ss;\n"
" std::string s = sv;\n"
" return s;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Using object that is a temporary.\n",
errout.str());
// #10833
check("struct A { std::string s; };\n"
"const std::string& f(A* a) {\n"
" return a ? a->s : \"\";\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Reference to temporary returned.\n", errout.str());
check("std::span<int> f() {\n"
" std::vector<int> v{};\n"
" return v;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 'v' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("std::span<int> f() {\n"
" std::vector<int> v;\n"
" std::span sp = v;\n"
" return sp;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 'v' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("std::span<int> f() {\n"
" std::vector<int> v;\n"
" return std::span{v};\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 'v' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("int f() {\n"
" std::span<int> s;\n"
" {\n"
" std::vector<int> v(1);"
" s = v;\n"
" }\n"
"return s.back()\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:6]: (error) Using object that points to local variable 'v' that is out of scope.\n",
errout.str());
check("int f() {\n"
" std::span<int> s;\n"
" {\n"
" std::vector<int> v(1);"
" s = v;\n"
" }\n"
"return s.back()\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:6]: (error) Using object that points to local variable 'v' that is out of scope.\n",
errout.str());
check("int f() {\n"
" std::span<int> s;\n"
" {\n"
" std::vector<int> v(1);"
" s = v;\n"
" }\n"
"return s.front()\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:6]: (error) Using object that points to local variable 'v' that is out of scope.\n",
errout.str());
check("int f() {\n"
" std::span<int> s;\n"
" {\n"
" std::vector<int> v(1);"
" s = v;\n"
" }\n"
"return s.last(1)\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:6]: (error) Using object that points to local variable 'v' that is out of scope.\n",
errout.str());
check("int f() {\n"
" std::span<int> s;\n"
" {\n"
" std::vector<int> v(1);"
" s = v;\n"
" }\n"
"return s.first(1)\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:6]: (error) Using object that points to local variable 'v' that is out of scope.\n",
errout.str());
}
void danglingLifetimeUniquePtr()
{
check("int* f(std::unique_ptr<int> p) {\n"
" int * rp = p.get();\n"
" return rp;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:1] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Returning pointer to local variable 'p' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("int* f();\n" // #11406
"bool g() {\n"
" std::unique_ptr<int> ptr(f());\n"
" return ptr.get();\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("int* f();\n"
"int* g() {\n"
" std::unique_ptr<int> ptr(f());\n"
" return ptr.get();\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Returning pointer to local variable 'ptr' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
}
void danglingLifetime() {
check("auto f() {\n"
" std::vector<int> a;\n"
" auto it = a.begin();\n"
" return [=](){ return it; };\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Returning lambda that captures local variable 'a' that will be invalid when returning.\n", errout.str());
check("auto f(std::vector<int> a) {\n"
" auto it = a.begin();\n"
" return [=](){ return it; };\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:1] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Returning lambda that captures local variable 'a' that will be invalid when returning.\n", errout.str());
check("struct e {};\n"
"e * j() {\n"
" e c[20];\n"
" return c;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Returning pointer to local variable 'c' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("auto f(std::vector<int>& a) {\n"
" auto it = a.begin();\n"
" return [=](){ return it; };\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("int * f(int a[]) {\n"
" return a;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void f() {\n"
" struct b {\n"
" uint32_t f[6];\n"
" } d;\n"
" uint32_t *a = d.f;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// Don't decay std::array
check("std::array<char, 1> f() {\n"
" std::array<char, 1> x;\n"
" return x;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// Make sure we don't hang
check("struct A;\n"
"void f() {\n"
" using T = A[3];\n"
" A &&a = T{1, 2, 3}[1];\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// Make sure we don't hang
check("struct A;\n"
"void f() {\n"
" using T = A[3];\n"
" A &&a = T{1, 2, 3}[1]();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// Make sure we don't hang
check("struct A;\n"
"void f() {\n"
" using T = A[3];\n"
" A &&a = T{1, 2, 3}[1];\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// Make sure we don't hang
check("struct A;\n"
"void f() {\n"
" using T = A[3];\n"
" A &&a = T{1, 2, 3}[1]();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// Crash #8872
check("struct a {\n"
" void operator()(b c) override {\n"
" d(c, [&] { c->e });\n"
" }\n"
"};");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct a {\n"
" void operator()(b c) override {\n"
" d(c, [=] { c->e });\n"
" }\n"
"};");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct a {\n"
" a(char* b) {}\n"
"};\n"
"a f() {\n"
" char c[20];\n"
" return c;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct a {\n"
" a(char* b) {}\n"
"};\n"
"a g() {\n"
" char c[20];\n"
" a d = c;\n"
" return d;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void f() {\n"
" struct a {\n"
" std::vector<int> v;\n"
" auto g() { return v.end(); }\n"
" };\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("int * f(std::vector<int>& v) {\n"
" for(int & x : v)\n"
" return &x;\n"
" return nullptr;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #9275
check("struct S {\n"
" void f();\n"
" std::string m;\n"
"}\n"
"void S::f() {\n"
" char buf[1024];\n"
" const char* msg = buf;\n"
" m = msg;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #9201
check("int* f() {\n"
" struct a { int m; };\n"
" static a b{0};\n"
" return &b.m;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #9453
check("int *ptr;\n"
"void foo(int arr[]) {\n"
" ptr = &arr[2];\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #9639
check("struct Fred {\n"
" std::string s;\n"
"};\n"
"const Fred &getFred();\n"
"const char * f() {\n"
" const Fred &fred = getFred();\n"
" return fred.s.c_str();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #9534
check("struct A {\n"
" int* x;\n"
"};\n"
"int* f(int i, std::vector<A>& v) {\n"
" A& y = v[i];\n"
" return &y.x[i];\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #9712
check("std::string f(const char *str) {\n"
" char value[256];\n"
" return value;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #9770
check("class C {\n"
" std::string f(const char*);\n"
"};\n"
"std::string C::f(const char*) {\n"
" const char data[] = \"x\";\n"
" return data;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #9899
check("struct A {\n"
" std::vector<int> v;\n"
" void f(std::vector<int> w) {\n"
" v = std::move(w);\n"
" }\n"
" void g(std::vector<int> w) {\n"
" f(std::move(w));\n"
" }\n"
"};\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
//Make sure we can still take the address of a reference without warning
check("int* foo() {\n"
" int& x = getX();\n"
" return &x;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct C {\n"
" int* m_x;\n"
" void foo() {\n"
" const int& x = getX();\n"
" m_x = &x;\n"
" }\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #10090
check("struct a {\n"
" int b{};\n"
"};\n"
"struct c {\n"
" int* c{};\n"
" a* d{};\n"
"};\n"
"a* f();\n"
"c g() {\n"
" c e;\n"
" e.d = f();\n"
" if (e.d)\n"
" e.c = &e.d->b;\n"
" return e;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #10214
check("struct A {\n"
" std::string key;\n"
" const char *value;\n"
"};\n"
"const char *f(const std::string &key, const std::vector<A> &lookup) {\n"
" const auto &entry =\n"
" std::find_if(lookup.begin(), lookup.end(),\n"
" [key](const auto &v) { return v.key == key; });\n"
" return (entry == lookup.end()) ? \"\" : entry->value;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #9811
check("struct Base {\n"
" virtual auto get() -> int & = 0;\n"
"};\n"
"struct A : public Base {\n"
" int z = 42;\n"
" auto get() -> int & override { return z; }\n"
" auto getMore() -> int & { return get(); }\n"
"};\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #10575
check("struct Data {\n"
" int x=0;\n"
" int y=0;\n"
"};\n"
"struct MoreData {\n"
" Data *data1;\n"
"};\n"
"struct Fred {\n"
" Fred() {\n"
" Data data;\n"
" mMoreData.data1 = &data;\n"
" }\n"
" MoreData mMoreData;\n"
"};\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:11] -> [test.cpp:10] -> [test.cpp:11]: (error) Non-local variable 'mMoreData.data1' will use pointer to local variable 'data'.\n",
errout.str());
// #10784
check("template <class... Ts>\n"
"auto f(int i, Ts&... xs) {\n"
" return std::tie(xs[i]...);\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #11362
check("int* f() {\n"
" static struct { int x; } a[] = { { 1 } };\n"
" return &a[0].x;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #11666
check("template <class T, int M, int N>\n"
"struct Matrix;\n"
"template <class T, int N>\n"
"struct Matrix<T, 1, N> {\n"
" std::array<T, N> x;\n"
"private:\n"
" static constexpr decltype(&Matrix::x) members[] = {&Matrix::x};\n"
"};\n"
"template <class T, int N>\n"
"struct Matrix<T, 2, N> {\n"
" std::array<T, N> x;\n"
" std::array<T, N> y;\n"
"private:\n"
" static constexpr decltype(&Matrix::x) members[] = {&Matrix::x, &Matrix::y};\n"
"};\n"
"template <class T>\n"
"Matrix<T, 2, 2> O() {\n"
" return { {}, {} };\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #11729
check("struct T {\n"
" void add(int* i) {\n"
" v.push_back(i);\n"
" }\n"
" void f() {\n"
" static int val = 1;\n"
" add(&val);\n"
" }\n"
" std::vector<int*> v;\n"
"};\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void danglingLifetimeFunction() {
check("auto f() {\n"
" int a;\n"
" return std::ref(a);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 'a' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("auto f() {\n"
" int a;\n"
" return std::make_tuple(std::ref(a));\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 'a' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("template<class T>\n"
"auto by_value(T x) {\n"
" return [=] { return x; };\n"
"}\n"
"auto g() {\n"
" std::vector<int> v;\n"
" return by_value(v.begin());\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:7] -> [test.cpp:7] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:7]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 'v' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("template<class T>\n"
"auto by_value(const T& x) {\n"
" return [=] { return x; };\n"
"}\n"
"auto g() {\n"
" std::vector<int> v;\n"
" return by_value(v.begin());\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:7] -> [test.cpp:7] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:7]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 'v' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("auto by_ref(int& x) {\n"
" return [&] { return x; };\n"
"}\n"
"auto f() {\n"
" int i = 0;\n"
" return by_ref(i);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:1] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:6]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 'i' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("auto by_ref(const int& x) {\n"
" return [=] { return x; };\n"
"}\n"
"auto f() {\n"
" int i = 0;\n"
" return by_ref(i);\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("auto f(int x) {\n"
" int a;\n"
" std::tie(a) = x;\n"
" return a;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("std::pair<std::string, std::string>\n"
"str_pair(std::string const & a, std::string const & b) {\n"
" return std::make_pair(a, b);\n"
"}\n"
"std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string> > create_parameters() {\n"
" std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string> > par;\n"
" par.push_back(str_pair(\"param1\", \"prop_a\"));\n"
" par.push_back(str_pair(\"param2\", \"prop_b\"));\n"
" par.push_back(str_pair(\"param3\", \"prop_c\"));\n"
" return par;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void danglingLifetimeUserConstructor()
{
check("struct A {\n"
" int* i;\n"
" A(int& x)\n"
" : i(&x)\n"
" {}\n"
"};\n"
"A f() {\n"
" int i = 0;\n"
" A a{i};\n"
" return a;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:9] -> [test.cpp:8] -> [test.cpp:10]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 'i' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" int* i;\n"
" A(int& x);\n"
"};\n"
"A f() {\n"
" int i = 0;\n"
" A a{i};\n"
" return a;\n"
"}\n",
true);
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:7] -> [test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:8]: (error, inconclusive) Returning object that points to local variable 'i' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" int* i;\n"
" A(const int& x);\n"
"};\n"
"A f() {\n"
" int i = 0;\n"
" A a{i};\n"
" return a;\n"
"}\n",
true);
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" int& i;\n"
" A(int& x)\n"
" : i(x)\n"
" {}\n"
"};\n"
"A f() {\n"
" int i = 0;\n"
" A a{i};\n"
" return a;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:9] -> [test.cpp:8] -> [test.cpp:10]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 'i' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" int& i;\n"
" A(const std::vector<int>& x)\n"
" : i(x[0])\n"
" {}\n"
"};\n"
"A f() {\n"
" std::vector<int> v = {0};\n"
" A a{v};\n"
" return a;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:9] -> [test.cpp:8] -> [test.cpp:10]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 'v' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" int* i;\n"
" A(const std::vector<int>& x)\n"
" : i(x.data())\n"
" {}\n"
"};\n"
"A f() {\n"
" std::vector<int> v = {0};\n"
" A a{v};\n"
" return a;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:9] -> [test.cpp:8] -> [test.cpp:10]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 'v' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" const int* i;\n"
" A(const int& x)\n"
" : i(&x)\n"
" {}\n"
"};\n"
"A f() {\n"
" A a{0};\n"
" return a;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:8] -> [test.cpp:9]: (error) Returning object that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" const int* i;\n"
" A(const int& x)\n"
" : i(&x)\n"
" {}\n"
"};\n"
"A f() {\n"
" int i = 0;\n"
" return A{i};\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:9] -> [test.cpp:8] -> [test.cpp:9]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 'i' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" std::string v;\n"
" A(const std::string& s)\n"
" : v(s)\n"
" {}\n"
"};\n"
"A f() {\n"
" std::string s;\n"
" return A{s};\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" std::string_view v;\n"
" A(const std::string& s)\n"
" : v(s)\n"
" {}\n"
"};\n"
"A f() {\n"
" std::string s;\n"
" return A{s};\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:9] -> [test.cpp:8] -> [test.cpp:9]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 's' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" const int* i;\n"
" A(const int& x)\n"
" : i(&x)\n"
" {}\n"
"};\n"
"A f() {\n"
" return A{0};\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:8] -> [test.cpp:8]: (error) Returning object that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" int n;\n"
" A(const int &x) : n(x) {}\n"
"};\n"
"A f() {\n"
" A m(4);\n"
" return m;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct B {};\n"
"struct A {\n"
" B n;\n"
" A(const B &x) : n(x) {}\n"
"};\n"
"A f() {\n"
" A m(B{});\n"
" return m;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" A(std::vector<std::string> &filenames)\n"
" : files(filenames) {}\n"
" std::vector<std::string> &files;\n"
"};\n"
"A f() {\n"
" std::vector<std::string> files;\n"
" return A(files);\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:8] -> [test.cpp:7] -> [test.cpp:8]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 'files' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("struct S {\n"
" explicit S(std::string& s);\n"
"}\n"
"S f() {\n"
" std::string m(\"abc\");\n"
" return S(m);\n"
"}\n",
true);
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct S {\n"
" std::string msg;\n"
" explicit S(const char* m) : msg(m) {}\n"
"};\n"
"S f() {\n"
" std::string s(\"abc\");\n"
" return S(s.c_str());\n"
"}\n",
true);
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct S {\n"
" explicit S(const char* p) { m = p; }\n"
" void g();\n"
" std::string m;\n"
" int* t{};\n"
"};\n"
"void f(const std::stringstream& buffer) {\n"
" S s(buffer.str().c_str());\n"
" s.g();\n"
"}\n",
true);
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void danglingLifetimeAggegrateConstructor() {
check("struct A {\n"
" const int& x;\n"
" int y;\n"
"};\n"
"A f() {\n"
" int i = 0;\n"
" return A{i, i};\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:7] -> [test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:7]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 'i' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" const int& x;\n"
" int y;\n"
"};\n"
"A f() {\n"
" int i = 0;\n"
" return {i, i};\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:7] -> [test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:7]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 'i' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" const int& x;\n"
" int y;\n"
"};\n"
"A f() {\n"
" int i = 0;\n"
" A r{i, i};\n"
" return r;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:7] -> [test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:8]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 'i' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" const int& x;\n"
" int y;\n"
"};\n"
"A f() {\n"
" int i = 0;\n"
" A r = {i, i};\n"
" return r;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:7] -> [test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:8]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 'i' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" const int& x;\n"
" int y;\n"
"};\n"
"A f(int& x) {\n"
" int i = 0;\n"
" return A{i, x};\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:7] -> [test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:7]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 'i' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" const int& x;\n"
" int y;\n"
"};\n"
"A f(int& x) {\n"
" int i = 0;\n"
" return A{x, i};\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" const int& x;\n"
" int y;\n"
"};\n"
"A f(int& x) {\n"
" return A{x, x};\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct A { int i; const int& j; };\n"
"A f(int& x) {\n"
" int y = 0;\n"
" return A{y, x};\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct a {\n"
" std::string m;\n"
"};\n"
"a f() {\n"
" std::array<char, 1024> m {};\n"
" return { m.data() };\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void danglingLifetimeInitList() {
check("std::vector<int*> f() {\n"
" int i = 0;\n"
" std::vector<int*> v = {&i, &i};\n"
" return v;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 'i' that will be invalid when returning.\n"
"[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 'i' that will be invalid when returning.\n", // duplicate
errout.str());
check("std::vector<int*> f() {\n"
" int i = 0;\n"
" std::vector<int*> v{&i, &i};\n"
" return v;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 'i' that will be invalid when returning.\n"
"[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 'i' that will be invalid when returning.\n", // duplicate
errout.str());
check("std::vector<int*> f() {\n"
" int i = 0;\n"
" return {&i, &i};\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 'i' that will be invalid when returning.\n"
"[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 'i' that will be invalid when returning.\n", // duplicate
errout.str());
check("std::vector<int*> f(int& x) {\n"
" return {&x, &x};\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("std::vector<std::string> f() {\n"
" std::set<std::string> x;\n"
" x.insert(\"1\");\n"
" x.insert(\"2\");\n"
" return { x.begin(), x.end() };\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void danglingLifetimeImplicitConversion() {
check("struct A { A(const char *a); };\n"
"A f() {\n"
" std::string ba(\"hello\");\n"
" return ba.c_str();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct A { A(const char *a); };\n"
"A f() {\n"
" std::string ba(\"hello\");\n"
" A bp = ba.c_str();\n"
" return bp;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct A { A(const char *a); };\n"
"std::vector<A> f() {\n"
" std::string ba(\"hello\");\n"
" std::vector<A> v;\n"
" v.push_back(ba.c_str());\n"
" return v;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("std::string f(const std::string& x) {\n"
" const char c[] = \"\";\n"
" if (!x.empty())\n"
" return x + c;\n"
" return \"\";\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("std::string f(const std::string& x) {\n"
" const char c[] = \"123\";\n"
" if (!x.empty())\n"
" return c + 1;\n"
" return \"\";\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void danglingTemporaryLifetime() {
check("struct C {\n" // #11091
" C(C& rhs);\n"
" explicit C(const S& n, const S& p = {});\n"
" bool f() const;\n"
" S m;\n"
"};\n"
"void f() {\n"
" C c(\"\");\n"
" while (c.f()) {}\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("const int& g(const int& x) {\n"
" return x;\n"
"}\n"
"void f(int& i) {\n"
" int* x = &g(0);\n"
" i += *x;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:1] -> [test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:6]: (error) Using pointer that is a temporary.\n",
errout.str());
check("QString f() {\n"
" QString a(\"dummyValue\");\n"
" const char* b = a.toStdString().c_str();\n"
" QString c = b;\n"
" return c;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Using pointer that is a temporary.\n",
errout.str());
check("auto f(std::string s) {\n"
" const char *x = s.substr(1,2).c_str();\n"
" auto i = s.substr(4,5).begin();\n"
" return *i;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Using iterator that is a temporary.\n",
errout.str());
check("std::string f() {\n"
" std::stringstream tmp;\n"
" const std::string &str = tmp.str();\n"
" return std::string(str.c_str(), 1);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("int get_value();\n"
"const int &get_reference1() {\n"
" const int &x = get_value();\n"
" return x;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:4]: (error) Reference to temporary returned.\n", errout.str());
check("int get_value();\n"
"const int &get_reference2() {\n"
" const int &x1 = get_value();\n"
" const int &x2 = x1;\n"
" return x2;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:5]: (error) Reference to temporary returned.\n",
errout.str());
check("const std::string& getState() {\n"
" static const std::string& state = \"\";\n"
" return state;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct var {\n"
" void fun();\n"
"}x;\n"
"var* T(const char*) {\n"
" return &x;\n"
"}\n"
"std::string GetTemp();\n"
"void f() {\n"
" auto a = T(GetTemp().c_str());\n"
" a->fun();\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" std::map<int, int> m_;\n"
"};\n"
"struct B {\n"
" A a_;\n"
"};\n"
"B func();\n"
"void f() {\n"
" const std::map<int, int>::iterator& m = func().a_.m_.begin();\n"
" (void)m->first;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:9] -> [test.cpp:9] -> [test.cpp:10]: (error) Using iterator that is a temporary.\n",
errout.str());
check("void f(bool b) {\n"
" std::vector<int> ints = g();\n"
" auto *ptr = &ints;\n"
" if (b)\n"
" ptr = &ints;\n"
" for (auto it = ptr->begin(); it != ptr->end(); ++it)\n"
" {}\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct String {\n" // #10469
" void Append(uint8_t Val);\n"
" String& operator+=(const char s[]);\n"
" String& operator+=(const std::string& Str) {\n"
" return operator+=(Str.c_str());\n"
" }\n"
" void operator+=(uint8_t Val) {\n"
" Append(Val);\n"
" }\n"
"};\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #11057
check("struct S {\n"
" int& r;\n"
"};\n"
"void f(int i) {\n"
" const S a[] = { { i } };\n"
" for (const auto& s : a) {}\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("std::vector<char*> f(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {\n" // #9773
" std::vector<char*> cargs;\n"
" for (const auto& a : args) {\n"
" cargs.push_back(const_cast<char*>(a.data()));\n"
" }\n"
" return cargs;\n"
"}\n"
"void g() {\n"
" std::vector<char*> cargs = f({ \"0\", \"0\" });\n"
" (void)cargs;\n"
"};\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:1] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:9] -> [test.cpp:9] -> [test.cpp:10]: (error) Using object that is a temporary.\n", errout.str());
check("struct C {\n" // #9194
" const int& m;\n"
" C(const int& i) : m(i) {}\n"
" int get() { return m; }\n"
"};\n"
"int f() {\n"
" C c(42);\n"
" return c.get();\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7] -> [test.cpp:7] -> [test.cpp:8]: (error) Using object that is a temporary.\n", errout.str());
// #11298
check("struct S {\n"
" std::string g(); \n"
"};\n"
"struct T {\n"
" void f(); \n"
" S* p = nullptr;\n"
"};\n"
"struct U {\n"
" explicit U(const char* s);\n"
" bool h();\n"
" int i;\n"
"};\n"
"void T::f() {\n"
" U u(p->g().c_str());\n"
" if (u.h()) {}\n"
"}\n",
true);
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #11442
check("const std::string& f(const P< std::string >& value) {\n"
" static const std::string empty;\n"
" return value.get() == nullptr ? empty : *value;\n"
"}\n",
true);
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #11472
check("namespace N {\n"
" struct T { int m; };\n"
" int i;\n"
" const T& f(const T* p) {\n"
" return p != nullptr ? *p : *reinterpret_cast<const ::N::T*>(&i);\n"
" }\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #11609
check("struct S {\n"
" void f(const std::string& s) {\n"
" auto it = m.find(s.substr(1,4));\n"
" if (it == m.end()) {}\n"
" }\n"
" std::map<std::string, int> m;\n"
"};\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #11628
check("std::vector<int>* g();\n"
"void f() {\n"
" std::unique_ptr<std::vector<int>> p(g());\n"
" if (!p) {}\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void danglingLifetimeBorrowedMembers()
{
// #10585
check("struct Info { int k; };\n"
"struct MoreInfo {\n"
" int* k;\n"
" char dat;\n"
"};\n"
"struct Fields {\n"
" Info info;\n"
"};\n"
"template <typename T> void func1(T val){}\n"
"template <typename T> void func2(T val){}\n"
"Fields* get();\n"
"void doit() {\n"
" MoreInfo rech;\n"
" rech.k = &get()->info.k;\n"
" func1(&rech.dat);\n"
" func2(rech.k);\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct A { int x; };\n"
"A* g();\n"
"void f() {\n"
" A** ap = &g();\n"
" (*ap)->x;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:5]: (error) Using pointer that is a temporary.\n",
errout.str());
check("struct A { int* x; };\n"
"A g();\n"
"void f() {\n"
" int* x = g().x;\n"
" (void)*x + 1;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct A { int x; };\n"
"struct B { A* a; }\n"
"B g();\n"
"void f() {\n"
" int* x = &g()->a.x;\n"
" (void)*x + 1;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct A { int x; };\n"
"struct B { A* g(); };\n"
"A* g();\n"
"void f(B b) {\n"
" A** ap = &b.g();\n"
" (*ap)->x;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:6]: (error) Using pointer that is a temporary.\n",
errout.str());
}
void danglingLifetimeClassMemberFunctions()
{
check("struct S {\n"
" S(int i) : i(i) {}\n"
" int i;\n"
" int* ptr() { return &i; }\n"
"};\n"
"int* fun(int i) { \n"
" return S(i).ptr();\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:7] -> [test.cpp:7]: (error) Returning pointer that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("struct Fred\n"
"{\n"
" int x[2];\n"
" Fred() {\n"
" x[0] = 0x41;\n"
" x[1] = 0x42;\n"
" }\n"
" const int *get_x() {\n"
" return x;\n"
" }\n"
"};\n"
"static const int *foo() {\n"
" Fred fred;\n"
" return fred.get_x();\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:9] -> [test.cpp:9] -> [test.cpp:14] -> [test.cpp:13] -> [test.cpp:14]: (error) Returning pointer to local variable 'fred' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" int i;\n"
" auto f() const {\n"
" return [=]{ return i; };\n"
" }\n"
"};\n"
"auto g() {\n"
" return A().f();\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:8] -> [test.cpp:8]: (error) Returning object that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" int i;\n"
" auto f() const {\n"
" return [*this]{ return i; };\n"
" }\n"
"};\n"
"auto g() {\n"
" return A().f();\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" int* i;\n"
" auto f() const {\n"
" return [*this]{ return i; };\n"
" }\n"
"};\n"
"auto g() {\n"
" int i = 0;\n"
" return A{&i}.f();\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:9] -> [test.cpp:9] -> [test.cpp:9] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:8] -> [test.cpp:9]: (error) Returning object that points to local variable 'i' that will be invalid when returning.\n",
errout.str());
check("struct S {\n"
" int i{};\n"
"};\n"
"struct T {\n"
" S getS() const { return S{ j }; }\n"
" int j{};\n"
"};\n"
"void f(S* p) {\n"
" S ret;\n"
" {\n"
" T t;\n"
" ret = t.getS();\n"
" }\n"
" *p = ret;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void invalidLifetime() {
check("void foo(int a) {\n"
" std::function<void()> f;\n"
" if (a > 0) {\n"
" int b = a + 1;\n"
" f = [&]{ return b; };\n"
" }\n"
" f();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:7]: (error) Using lambda that captures local variable 'b' that is out of scope.\n", errout.str());
check("void f(bool b) {\n"
" int* x;\n"
" if(b) {\n"
" int y[6] = {0,1,2,3,4,5};\n"
" x = y;\n"
" }\n"
" x[3];\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:7]: (error) Using pointer to local variable 'y' that is out of scope.\n",
errout.str());
check("void foo(int a) {\n"
" std::function<void()> f;\n"
" if (a > 0) {\n"
" int b = a + 1;\n"
" f = [&]{ return b; };\n"
" f();\n"
" }\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct a {\n"
" b();\n"
" std::list<int> c;\n"
"};\n"
"void a::b() {\n"
" c.end()\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void b(char f[], char c[]) {\n"
" std::string d(c); {\n"
" std::string e;\n"
" b(f, e.c_str())\n"
" }\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void f(bool b) {\n"
" std::string s;\n"
" if(b) {\n"
" char buf[3];\n"
" s = buf;\n"
" }\n"
" std::cout << s;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("int &a[];\n"
"void b(){int *c = a};");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("struct A {\n"
" int x;\n"
"};\n"
"struct B {\n"
" std::function<void()> x;\n"
" void f() {\n"
" this->x = [&] {\n"
" B y;\n"
" return y.x;\n"
" };\n"
" }\n"
"};");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("namespace test {\n"
"class Foo {};\n"
"struct Bar {\n"
" Foo *_foo;\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"int f(Bar *bar);\n"
"\n"
"void g(Bar *bar) {\n"
" {\n"
" Foo foo;\n"
" bar->_foo = &foo;\n"
" bar->_foo = nullptr;\n"
" }\n"
" f(bar);\n"
"}\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("class Foo {};\n"
"struct Bar {\n"
" Foo *_foo;\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"int f(Bar *bar);\n"
"\n"
"void g(Bar *bar) {\n"
" {\n"
" Foo foo;\n"
" bar->_foo = &foo;\n"
" bar->_foo = nullptr;\n"
" }\n"
" f(bar);\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("namespace test {\n"
"class Foo {};\n"
"struct Bar {\n"
" Foo *_foo;\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"int f(Bar *bar);\n"
"\n"
"void g(Bar *bar) {\n"
" {\n"
" Foo foo;\n"
" bar->_foo = &foo;\n"
" }\n"
" f(bar);\n"
"}\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:12]: (error) Address of local auto-variable assigned to a function parameter.\n", errout.str());
check("class Foo {};\n"
"struct Bar {\n"
" Foo *_foo;\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"int f(Bar *bar);\n"
"\n"
"void g(Bar *bar) {\n"
" {\n"
" Foo foo;\n"
" bar->_foo = &foo;\n"
" }\n"
" f(bar);\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:11]: (error) Address of local auto-variable assigned to a function parameter.\n", errout.str());
check("class Foo {};\n" // #10750
"struct Bar {\n"
" Foo *_foo;\n"
"};\n"
"int f(Bar *bar);\n"
"void g(Bar *bar) {\n"
" {\n"
" Foo foo;\n"
" {\n"
" bar->_foo = &foo;\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" f(bar);\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:10]: (error) Address of local auto-variable assigned to a function parameter.\n", errout.str());
check("void f(std::string_view text);\n" // #11508
"void g() {\n"
" std::string teststr;\n"
" f(teststr);"
"}\n"
"void f(std::string_view text) {"
" g(text.data());\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void f(std::span<int> data);\n" // #11508
"void g() {\n"
" std::vector<int> v;\n"
" f(v);"
"}\n"
"void f(std::span<int> data) {"
" g(data.begin());\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void deadPointer() {
check("void f() {\n"
" int *p = p1;\n"
" if (cond) {\n"
" int x;\n"
" p = &x;\n"
" }\n"
" *p = 0;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:7]: (error) Using pointer to local variable 'x' that is out of scope.\n", errout.str());
// FP: don't warn in subfunction
check("void f(struct KEY *key) {\n"
" key->x = 0;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"int main() {\n"
" struct KEY *tmp = 0;\n"
" struct KEY k;\n"
"\n"
" if (condition) {\n"
" tmp = &k;\n"
" } else {\n"
" }\n"
" f(tmp);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// Don't warn about references (#6399)
check("void f() {\n"
" wxAuiToolBarItem* former_hover = NULL;\n"
" for (i = 0, count = m_items.GetCount(); i < count; ++i) {\n"
" wxAuiToolBarItem& item = m_items.Item(i);\n"
" former_hover = &item;\n"
" }\n"
" if (former_hover != pitem)\n"
" dosth();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
check("void f() {\n"
" wxAuiToolBarItem* former_hover = NULL;\n"
" for (i = 0, count = m_items.GetCount(); i < count; ++i) {\n"
" wxAuiToolBarItem item = m_items.Item(i);\n"
" former_hover = &item;\n"
" }\n"
" if (former_hover != pitem)\n"
" dosth();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:7]: (error) Using pointer to local variable 'item' that is out of scope.\n",
errout.str());
// #6575
check("void trp_deliver_signal() {\n"
" union {\n"
" Uint32 theData[25];\n"
" EventReport repData;\n"
" };\n"
" EventReport * rep = &repData;\n"
" rep->setEventType(NDB_LE_Connected);\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
// #8785
check("int f(bool a, bool b) {\n"
" int *iPtr = 0;\n"
" if(b) {\n"
" int x = 42;\n"
" iPtr = &x;\n"
" }\n"
" if(b && a)\n"
" return *iPtr;\n"
" return 0;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:8]: (error) Using pointer to local variable 'x' that is out of scope.\n", errout.str());
// #11753
check("int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) {\n"
" const char* s = \"\";\n"
" if (argc > 0) {\n"
" char buff[32]{};\n"
" s = std::strncpy(buff, argv[0], 31);\n"
" }\n"
" std::cout << s;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:7]: (error) Using pointer to local variable 'buff' that is out of scope.\n", errout.str());
check("char* f(char* dst) {\n"
" const char* src = \"abc\";\n"
" return strcpy(dst, src);\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
void splitNamespaceAuto() { // #10473
check("namespace ns\n"
"{\n"
" auto var{ 0 };\n"
"}\n"
"namespace ns\n"
"{\n"
" int i;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
}
};
REGISTER_TEST(TestAutoVariables)
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