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cppcheck/lib/checkcondition.cpp

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/*
* Cppcheck - A tool for static C/C++ code analysis
* Copyright (C) 2007-2016 Cppcheck team.
*
* This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Check for condition mismatches
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include "checkcondition.h"
#include "astutils.h"
#include "errorlogger.h"
#include "settings.h"
#include "symboldatabase.h"
#include "token.h"
#include "tokenize.h"
#include "valueflow.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstddef>
#include <limits>
#include <list>
#include <ostream>
#include <set>
#include <stack>
#include <utility>
// CWE ids used
static const struct CWE CWE398(398U); // Indicator of Poor Code Quality
static const struct CWE CWE570(570U); // Expression is Always False
static const struct CWE CWE571(571U); // Expression is Always True
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Register this check class (by creating a static instance of it)
namespace {
CheckCondition instance;
}
bool CheckCondition::isAliased(const std::set<unsigned int> &vars) const
{
for (const Token *tok = _tokenizer->tokens(); tok; tok = tok->next()) {
if (Token::Match(tok, "= & %var% ;") && vars.find(tok->tokAt(2)->varId()) != vars.end())
return true;
}
return false;
}
void CheckCondition::assignIf()
{
if (!_settings->isEnabled(Settings::STYLE))
return;
for (const Token *tok = _tokenizer->tokens(); tok; tok = tok->next()) {
if (tok->str() != "=")
continue;
if (Token::Match(tok->tokAt(-2), "[;{}] %var% =")) {
const Variable *var = tok->previous()->variable();
if (var == nullptr)
continue;
char bitop = '\0';
MathLib::bigint num = 0;
if (Token::Match(tok->next(), "%num% [&|]")) {
bitop = tok->strAt(2).at(0);
num = MathLib::toLongNumber(tok->next()->str());
} else {
const Token *endToken = Token::findsimplematch(tok, ";");
// Casting address
if (endToken && Token::Match(endToken->tokAt(-4), "* ) & %any% ;"))
endToken = nullptr;
if (endToken && Token::Match(endToken->tokAt(-2), "[&|] %num% ;")) {
bitop = endToken->strAt(-2).at(0);
num = MathLib::toLongNumber(endToken->previous()->str());
}
}
if (bitop == '\0')
continue;
if (num < 0 && bitop == '|')
continue;
assignIfParseScope(tok, tok->tokAt(4), var->declarationId(), var->isLocal(), bitop, num);
}
}
}
static bool isParameterChanged(const Token *partok)
{
bool addressOf = Token::Match(partok, "[(,] &");
unsigned int argumentNumber = 0;
const Token *ftok;
for (ftok = partok; ftok && ftok->str() != "("; ftok = ftok->previous()) {
if (ftok->str() == ")")
ftok = ftok->link();
else if (argumentNumber == 0U && ftok->str() == "&")
addressOf = true;
else if (ftok->str() == ",")
argumentNumber++;
}
ftok = ftok ? ftok->previous() : nullptr;
if (!(ftok && ftok->function()))
return true;
const Variable *par = ftok->function()->getArgumentVar(argumentNumber);
if (!par)
return true;
if (par->isConst())
return false;
if (addressOf || par->isReference() || par->isPointer())
return true;
return false;
}
/** parse scopes recursively */
bool CheckCondition::assignIfParseScope(const Token * const assignTok,
const Token * const startTok,
const unsigned int varid,
const bool islocal,
const char bitop,
const MathLib::bigint num)
{
bool ret = false;
for (const Token *tok2 = startTok; tok2; tok2 = tok2->next()) {
if ((bitop == '&') && Token::Match(tok2->tokAt(2), "%varid% %cop% %num% ;", varid) && tok2->strAt(3) == std::string(1U, bitop)) {
const MathLib::bigint num2 = MathLib::toLongNumber(tok2->strAt(4));
if (0 == (num & num2))
mismatchingBitAndError(assignTok, num, tok2, num2);
}
if (Token::Match(tok2, "%varid% =", varid)) {
return true;
}
if (Token::Match(tok2, "++|-- %varid%", varid) || Token::Match(tok2, "%varid% ++|--", varid))
return true;
if (Token::Match(tok2, "[(,] &| %varid% [,)]", varid) && isParameterChanged(tok2))
return true;
if (tok2->str() == "}")
return false;
if (Token::Match(tok2, "break|continue|return"))
ret = true;
if (ret && tok2->str() == ";")
return false;
if (!islocal && Token::Match(tok2, "%name% (") && !Token::simpleMatch(tok2->next()->link(), ") {"))
return true;
if (Token::Match(tok2, "if|while (")) {
if (!islocal && tok2->str() == "while")
continue;
if (tok2->str() == "while") {
// is variable changed in loop?
const Token *bodyStart = tok2->linkAt(1)->next();
const Token *bodyEnd = bodyStart ? bodyStart->link() : nullptr;
if (!bodyEnd || bodyEnd->str() != "}" || isVariableChanged(bodyStart, bodyEnd, varid, !islocal, _settings))
continue;
}
// parse condition
const Token * const end = tok2->next()->link();
for (; tok2 != end; tok2 = tok2->next()) {
if (Token::Match(tok2, "[(,] &| %varid% [,)]", varid)) {
return true;
}
if (Token::Match(tok2,"&&|%oror%|( %varid% %any% %num% &&|%oror%|)", varid)) {
const Token *vartok = tok2->next();
const std::string& op(vartok->strAt(1));
const MathLib::bigint num2 = MathLib::toLongNumber(vartok->strAt(2));
const std::string condition(vartok->str() + op + vartok->strAt(2));
if (op == "==" && (num & num2) != ((bitop=='&') ? num2 : num))
assignIfError(assignTok, tok2, condition, false);
else if (op == "!=" && (num & num2) != ((bitop=='&') ? num2 : num))
assignIfError(assignTok, tok2, condition, true);
}
if (Token::Match(tok2, "%varid% %op%", varid) && tok2->next()->isAssignmentOp()) {
return true;
}
}
bool ret1 = assignIfParseScope(assignTok, end->tokAt(2), varid, islocal, bitop, num);
bool ret2 = false;
if (Token::simpleMatch(end->next()->link(), "} else {"))
ret2 = assignIfParseScope(assignTok, end->next()->link()->tokAt(3), varid, islocal, bitop, num);
if (ret1 || ret2)
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
void CheckCondition::assignIfError(const Token *tok1, const Token *tok2, const std::string &condition, bool result)
{
std::list<const Token *> locations;
locations.push_back(tok1);
locations.push_back(tok2);
reportError(locations,
Severity::style,
"assignIfError",
"Mismatching assignment and comparison, comparison '" + condition + "' is always " + std::string(result ? "true" : "false") + ".", CWE398, false);
}
void CheckCondition::mismatchingBitAndError(const Token *tok1, const MathLib::bigint num1, const Token *tok2, const MathLib::bigint num2)
{
std::list<const Token *> locations;
locations.push_back(tok1);
locations.push_back(tok2);
std::ostringstream msg;
msg << "Mismatching bitmasks. Result is always 0 ("
<< "X = Y & 0x" << std::hex << num1 << "; Z = X & 0x" << std::hex << num2 << "; => Z=0).";
reportError(locations,
Severity::style,
"mismatchingBitAnd",
msg.str(), CWE398, false);
}
static void getnumchildren(const Token *tok, std::list<MathLib::bigint> &numchildren)
{
if (tok->astOperand1() && tok->astOperand1()->isNumber())
numchildren.push_back(MathLib::toLongNumber(tok->astOperand1()->str()));
else if (tok->astOperand1() && tok->str() == tok->astOperand1()->str())
getnumchildren(tok->astOperand1(), numchildren);
if (tok->astOperand2() && tok->astOperand2()->isNumber())
numchildren.push_back(MathLib::toLongNumber(tok->astOperand2()->str()));
else if (tok->astOperand2() && tok->str() == tok->astOperand2()->str())
getnumchildren(tok->astOperand2(), numchildren);
}
/* Return whether tok is in the body for a function returning a boolean. */
static bool inBooleanFunction(const Token *tok)
{
const Scope *scope = tok ? tok->scope() : nullptr;
while (scope && scope->isLocal())
scope = scope->nestedIn;
if (scope && scope->type == Scope::eFunction) {
const Function *func = scope->function;
if (func) {
const Token *ret = func->retDef;
while (Token::Match(ret, "static|const"))
ret = ret->next();
return Token::Match(ret, "bool|_Bool");
}
}
return false;
}
void CheckCondition::checkBadBitmaskCheck()
{
if (!_settings->isEnabled(Settings::WARNING))
return;
for (const Token *tok = _tokenizer->tokens(); tok; tok = tok->next()) {
if (tok->str() == "|" && tok->astOperand1() && tok->astOperand2() && tok->astParent()) {
const Token* parent = tok->astParent();
const bool isBoolean = Token::Match(parent, "&&|%oror%") ||
(parent->str() == "?" && parent->astOperand1() == tok) ||
(parent->str() == "=" && parent->astOperand2() == tok && parent->astOperand1() && parent->astOperand1()->variable() && Token::Match(parent->astOperand1()->variable()->typeStartToken(), "bool|_Bool")) ||
(parent->str() == "(" && Token::Match(parent->astOperand1(), "if|while")) ||
(parent->str() == "return" && parent->astOperand1() == tok && inBooleanFunction(tok));
const bool isTrue = (tok->astOperand1()->values().size() == 1 && tok->astOperand1()->values().front().intvalue != 0 && tok->astOperand1()->values().front().isKnown()) ||
(tok->astOperand2()->values().size() == 1 && tok->astOperand2()->values().front().intvalue != 0 && tok->astOperand2()->values().front().isKnown());
if (isBoolean && isTrue)
badBitmaskCheckError(tok);
}
}
}
void CheckCondition::badBitmaskCheckError(const Token *tok)
{
reportError(tok, Severity::warning, "badBitmaskCheck", "Result of operator '|' is always true if one operand is non-zero. Did you intend to use '&'?", CWE571, false);
}
void CheckCondition::comparison()
{
if (!_settings->isEnabled(Settings::STYLE))
return;
for (const Token *tok = _tokenizer->tokens(); tok; tok = tok->next()) {
if (!tok->isComparisonOp())
continue;
const Token *expr1 = tok->astOperand1();
const Token *expr2 = tok->astOperand2();
if (!expr1 || !expr2)
continue;
if (expr1->isNumber())
std::swap(expr1,expr2);
if (!expr2->isNumber())
continue;
const MathLib::bigint num2 = MathLib::toLongNumber(expr2->str());
if (num2 < 0)
continue;
if (!Token::Match(expr1,"[&|]"))
continue;
std::list<MathLib::bigint> numbers;
getnumchildren(expr1, numbers);
for (std::list<MathLib::bigint>::const_iterator num = numbers.begin(); num != numbers.end(); ++num) {
const MathLib::bigint num1 = *num;
if (num1 < 0)
continue;
if (Token::Match(tok, "==|!=")) {
if ((expr1->str() == "&" && (num1 & num2) != num2) ||
(expr1->str() == "|" && (num1 | num2) != num2)) {
const std::string& op(tok->str());
comparisonError(expr1, expr1->str(), num1, op, num2, op=="==" ? false : true);
}
} else if (expr1->str() == "&") {
const bool or_equal = Token::Match(tok, ">=|<=");
const std::string& op(tok->str());
if ((Token::Match(tok, ">=|<")) && (num1 < num2)) {
comparisonError(expr1, expr1->str(), num1, op, num2, or_equal ? false : true);
} else if ((Token::Match(tok, "<=|>")) && (num1 <= num2)) {
comparisonError(expr1, expr1->str(), num1, op, num2, or_equal ? true : false);
}
} else if (expr1->str() == "|") {
if ((expr1->astOperand1()->valueType()) &&
(expr1->astOperand1()->valueType()->sign == ValueType::Sign::UNSIGNED)) {
const bool or_equal = Token::Match(tok, ">=|<=");
const std::string& op(tok->str());
if ((Token::Match(tok, ">=|<")) && (num1 >= num2)) {
//"(a | 0x07) >= 7U" is always true for unsigned a
//"(a | 0x07) < 7U" is always false for unsigned a
comparisonError(expr1, expr1->str(), num1, op, num2, or_equal ? true : false);
} else if ((Token::Match(tok, "<=|>")) && (num1 > num2)) {
//"(a | 0x08) <= 7U" is always false for unsigned a
//"(a | 0x07) > 6U" is always true for unsigned a
comparisonError(expr1, expr1->str(), num1, op, num2, or_equal ? false : true);
}
}
}
}
}
}
void CheckCondition::comparisonError(const Token *tok, const std::string &bitop, MathLib::bigint value1, const std::string &op, MathLib::bigint value2, bool result)
{
std::ostringstream expression;
expression << std::hex << "(X " << bitop << " 0x" << value1 << ") " << op << " 0x" << value2;
const std::string errmsg("Expression '" + expression.str() + "' is always " + (result?"true":"false") + ".\n"
"The expression '" + expression.str() + "' is always " + (result?"true":"false") +
". Check carefully constants and operators used, these errors might be hard to "
"spot sometimes. In case of complex expression it might help to split it to "
"separate expressions.");
reportError(tok, Severity::style, "comparisonError", errmsg, CWE398, false);
}
bool CheckCondition::isOverlappingCond(const Token * const cond1, const Token * const cond2, bool pure) const
{
if (!cond1 || !cond2)
return false;
// same expressions
if (isSameExpression(_tokenizer->isCPP(), true, cond1, cond2, _settings->library, pure))
return true;
// bitwise overlap for example 'x&7' and 'x==1'
if (cond1->str() == "&" && cond1->astOperand1() && cond2->astOperand2()) {
const Token *expr1 = cond1->astOperand1();
const Token *num1 = cond1->astOperand2();
if (!num1) // unary operator&
return false;
if (!num1->isNumber())
std::swap(expr1,num1);
if (!num1->isNumber() || MathLib::isNegative(num1->str()))
return false;
if (!Token::Match(cond2, "&|==") || !cond2->astOperand1() || !cond2->astOperand2())
return false;
const Token *expr2 = cond2->astOperand1();
const Token *num2 = cond2->astOperand2();
if (!num2->isNumber())
std::swap(expr2,num2);
if (!num2->isNumber() || MathLib::isNegative(num2->str()))
return false;
if (!isSameExpression(_tokenizer->isCPP(), true, expr1, expr2, _settings->library, pure))
return false;
const MathLib::bigint value1 = MathLib::toLongNumber(num1->str());
const MathLib::bigint value2 = MathLib::toLongNumber(num2->str());
if (cond2->str() == "&")
return ((value1 & value2) == value2);
return ((value1 & value2) > 0);
}
return false;
}
void CheckCondition::multiCondition()
{
if (!_settings->isEnabled(Settings::STYLE))
return;
const SymbolDatabase* const symbolDatabase = _tokenizer->getSymbolDatabase();
for (std::list<Scope>::const_iterator i = symbolDatabase->scopeList.begin(); i != symbolDatabase->scopeList.end(); ++i) {
if (i->type != Scope::eIf)
continue;
const Token * const cond1 = i->classDef->next()->astOperand2();
const Token * tok2 = i->classDef->next();
for (;;) {
tok2 = tok2->link();
if (!Token::simpleMatch(tok2, ") {"))
break;
tok2 = tok2->linkAt(1);
if (!Token::simpleMatch(tok2, "} else { if ("))
break;
tok2 = tok2->tokAt(4);
if (isOverlappingCond(cond1, tok2->astOperand2(), true))
multiConditionError(tok2, cond1->linenr());
}
}
}
void CheckCondition::multiConditionError(const Token *tok, unsigned int line1)
{
std::ostringstream errmsg;
errmsg << "Expression is always false because 'else if' condition matches previous condition at line "
<< line1 << ".";
reportError(tok, Severity::style, "multiCondition", errmsg.str(), CWE398, false);
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// - Opposite inner conditions => always false
// - (TODO) Same/Overlapping inner condition => always true
// - same condition after early exit => always false
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
static bool isNonConstFunctionCall(const Token *ftok, const Library &library)
{
if (library.isFunctionConst(ftok))
return false;
const Token *obj = ftok->next()->astOperand1();
while (obj && obj->str() == ".")
obj = obj->astOperand1();
if (!obj)
return true;
else if (obj->variable() && obj->variable()->isConst())
return false;
else if (ftok->function() && ftok->function()->isConst())
return false;
return true;
}
void CheckCondition::multiCondition2()
{
if (!_settings->isEnabled(Settings::WARNING))
return;
const SymbolDatabase *symbolDatabase = _tokenizer->getSymbolDatabase();
for (std::list<Scope>::const_iterator scope = symbolDatabase->scopeList.begin(); scope != symbolDatabase->scopeList.end(); ++scope) {
const Token *condTok = nullptr;
if (scope->type == Scope::eIf || scope->type == Scope::eWhile)
condTok = scope->classDef->next()->astOperand2();
else if (scope->type == Scope::eFor) {
condTok = scope->classDef->next()->astOperand2();
if (!condTok || condTok->str() != ";")
continue;
condTok = condTok->astOperand2();
if (!condTok || condTok->str() != ";")
continue;
condTok = condTok->astOperand1();
}
if (!condTok)
continue;
const Token * const cond1 = condTok;
if (!Token::simpleMatch(scope->classDef->linkAt(1), ") {"))
continue;
bool nonConstFunctionCall = false;
bool nonlocal = false; // nonlocal variable used in condition
std::set<unsigned int> vars; // variables used in condition
std::stack<const Token *> tokens;
tokens.push(condTok);
while (!tokens.empty()) {
const Token *cond = tokens.top();
tokens.pop();
if (!cond)
continue;
if (Token::Match(cond, "%name% (")) {
nonConstFunctionCall = isNonConstFunctionCall(cond, _settings->library);
if (nonConstFunctionCall)
break;
}
if (cond->varId()) {
vars.insert(cond->varId());
const Variable *var = cond->variable();
if (!nonlocal && var) {
if (!(var->isLocal() || var->isArgument()))
nonlocal = true;
else if ((var->isPointer() || var->isReference()) && !Token::Match(cond->astParent(), "%oror%|&&|!"))
// TODO: if var is pointer check what it points at
nonlocal = true;
}
} else if (!nonlocal && cond->isName()) {
// varid is 0. this is possibly a nonlocal variable..
nonlocal = Token::Match(cond->astParent(), "%cop%|(|[") || Token::Match(cond, "%name% .") || (_tokenizer->isCPP() && cond->str() == "this");
} else {
tokens.push(cond->astOperand1());
tokens.push(cond->astOperand2());
}
}
if (nonConstFunctionCall)
continue;
// parse until second condition is reached..
enum MULTICONDITIONTYPE { INNER, AFTER } type;
const Token *tok;
if (Token::Match(scope->classStart, "{ return|throw|continue|break")) {
tok = scope->classEnd->next();
type = MULTICONDITIONTYPE::AFTER;
} else {
tok = scope->classStart;
type = MULTICONDITIONTYPE::INNER;
}
const Token * const endToken = tok->scope()->classEnd;
for (; tok && tok != endToken; tok = tok->next()) {
if (Token::simpleMatch(tok, "if (")) {
// Does condition modify tracked variables?
if (const Token *op = Token::findmatch(tok, "++|--", tok->linkAt(1))) {
bool bailout = false;
while (op) {
if (vars.find(op->astOperand1()->varId()) != vars.end()) {
bailout = true;
break;
}
if (nonlocal && op->astOperand1()->varId() == 0) {
bailout = true;
break;
}
op = Token::findmatch(op->next(), "++|--", tok->linkAt(1));
}
if (bailout)
break;
}
// Condition..
const Token *cond2 = tok->next()->astOperand2();
if (type == MULTICONDITIONTYPE::INNER) {
std::stack<const Token *> tokens1;
tokens1.push(cond1);
while (!tokens1.empty()) {
const Token *firstCondition = tokens1.top();
tokens1.pop();
if (!firstCondition)
continue;
if (firstCondition->str() == "&&") {
tokens1.push(firstCondition->astOperand1());
tokens1.push(firstCondition->astOperand2());
} else if (isOppositeCond(false, _tokenizer->isCPP(), firstCondition, cond2, _settings->library, true)) {
if (!isAliased(vars))
oppositeInnerConditionError(firstCondition, cond2);
}
}
} else {
std::stack<const Token *> tokens2;
tokens2.push(cond2);
while (!tokens2.empty()) {
const Token *secondCondition = tokens2.top();
tokens2.pop();
if (!secondCondition)
continue;
if (secondCondition->str() == "||" || secondCondition->str() == "&&") {
tokens2.push(secondCondition->astOperand1());
tokens2.push(secondCondition->astOperand2());
} else if (isSameExpression(_tokenizer->isCPP(), true, cond1, secondCondition, _settings->library, true)) {
if (!isAliased(vars))
identicalConditionAfterEarlyExitError(cond1, secondCondition);
}
}
}
}
if (Token::Match(tok, "%type% (") && nonlocal && isNonConstFunctionCall(tok, _settings->library)) // non const function call -> bailout if there are nonlocal variables
break;
if (Token::Match(tok, "case|break|continue|return|throw") && tok->scope() == endToken->scope())
break;
if (Token::Match(tok, "[;{}] %name% :"))
break;
// bailout if loop is seen.
// TODO: handle loops better.
if (Token::Match(tok, "for|while|do")) {
const Token *tok1 = tok->next();
const Token *tok2;
if (Token::simpleMatch(tok, "do {")) {
if (!Token::simpleMatch(tok->linkAt(1), "} while ("))
break;
tok2 = tok->linkAt(1)->linkAt(2);
} else {
tok2 = tok->linkAt(1);
if (Token::simpleMatch(tok2, ") {"))
tok2 = tok2->linkAt(1);
if (!tok2)
break;
}
bool changed = false;
for (std::set<unsigned int>::const_iterator it = vars.begin(); it != vars.end(); ++it) {
if (isVariableChanged(tok1, tok2, *it, nonlocal, _settings))
changed = true;
}
if (changed)
break;
}
if ((tok->varId() && vars.find(tok->varId()) != vars.end()) ||
(!tok->varId() && nonlocal)) {
if (Token::Match(tok, "%name% %assign%|++|--"))
break;
if (Token::Match(tok->astParent(), "*|.|[")) {
const Token *parent = tok;
while (Token::Match(parent->astParent(), ".|[") || (Token::simpleMatch(parent->astParent(), "*") && !parent->astParent()->astOperand2()))
parent = parent->astParent();
if (Token::Match(parent->astParent(), "%assign%"))
break;
}
if (Token::Match(tok, "%name% <<|>>") && (!tok->valueType() || !tok->valueType()->isIntegral()))
break;
if (Token::Match(tok, "%name% [")) {
const Token *tok2 = tok->linkAt(1);
while (Token::simpleMatch(tok2, "] ["))
tok2 = tok2->linkAt(1);
if (Token::Match(tok2, "] %assign%|++|--"))
break;
}
if (Token::Match(tok->previous(), "++|--|& %name%"))
break;
if (tok->variable() &&
!tok->variable()->isConst() &&
Token::Match(tok, "%name% . %name% (")) {
const Function* function = tok->tokAt(2)->function();
if (!function || !function->isConst())
break;
}
if (Token::Match(tok->previous(), "[(,] %name% [,)]") && isParameterChanged(tok))
break;
}
}
}
}
void CheckCondition::oppositeInnerConditionError(const Token *tok1, const Token* tok2)
{
const std::string s1(tok1 ? tok1->expressionString() : "x");
const std::string s2(tok2 ? tok2->expressionString() : "!x");
ErrorPath errorPath;
errorPath.push_back(ErrorPathItem(tok1, "outer condition: " + s1));
errorPath.push_back(ErrorPathItem(tok2, "opposite inner condition: " + s2));
const std::string msg("Opposite inner 'if' condition leads to a dead code block.\n"
"Opposite inner 'if' condition leads to a dead code block (outer condition is '" + s1 + "' and inner condition is '" + s2 + "').");
reportError(errorPath, Severity::warning, "oppositeInnerCondition", msg, CWE398, false);
}
void CheckCondition::identicalConditionAfterEarlyExitError(const Token *cond1, const Token* cond2)
{
const std::string cond(cond1 ? cond1->expressionString() : "x");
ErrorPath errorPath;
errorPath.push_back(ErrorPathItem(cond1, "first condition"));
errorPath.push_back(ErrorPathItem(cond2, "second condition"));
reportError(errorPath, Severity::warning, "identicalConditionAfterEarlyExit", "Identical condition '" + cond + "', second condition is always false", CWE398, false);
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// if ((x != 1) || (x != 3)) // expression always true
// if ((x == 1) && (x == 3)) // expression always false
// if ((x < 1) && (x > 3)) // expression always false
// if ((x > 3) || (x < 10)) // expression always true
// if ((x > 5) && (x != 1)) // second comparison always true
//
// Check for suspect logic for an expression consisting of 2 comparison
// expressions with a shared variable and constants and a logical operator
// between them.
//
// Suggest a different logical operator when the logical operator between
// the comparisons is probably wrong.
//
// Inform that second comparison is always true when first comparison is true.
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
static std::string invertOperatorForOperandSwap(std::string s)
{
if (s[0] == '<')
s[0] = '>';
else if (s[0] == '>')
s[0] = '<';
return s;
}
template <typename T>
static bool checkIntRelation(const std::string &op, const T value1, const T value2)
{
return (op == "==" && value1 == value2) ||
(op == "!=" && value1 != value2) ||
(op == ">" && value1 > value2) ||
(op == ">=" && value1 >= value2) ||
(op == "<" && value1 < value2) ||
(op == "<=" && value1 <= value2);
}
static bool checkFloatRelation(const std::string &op, const double value1, const double value2)
{
return (op == ">" && value1 > value2) ||
(op == ">=" && value1 >= value2) ||
(op == "<" && value1 < value2) ||
(op == "<=" && value1 <= value2);
}
template<class T>
T getvalue3(const T value1, const T value2)
{
const T min = std::min(value1, value2);
if (min== std::numeric_limits<T>::max())
return min;
else
return min+1; // see #5895
}
template<>
double getvalue3(const double value1, const double value2)
{
return (value1 + value2) / 2.0f;
}
template<class T>
static inline T getvalue(const int test, const T value1, const T value2)
{
// test:
// 1 => return value that is less than both value1 and value2
// 2 => return value1
// 3 => return value that is between value1 and value2
// 4 => return value2
// 5 => return value that is larger than both value1 and value2
switch (test) {
case 1:
return std::numeric_limits<T>::lowest();
case 2:
return value1;
case 3:
return getvalue3<T>(value1, value2);
case 4:
return value2;
case 5:
return std::numeric_limits<T>::max();
};
return 0;
}
static bool parseComparison(const Token *comp, bool *not1, std::string *op, std::string *value, const Token **expr, bool* inconclusive)
{
*not1 = false;
while (comp && comp->str() == "!") {
*not1 = !(*not1);
comp = comp->astOperand1();
}
if (!comp)
return false;
const Token* op1 = comp->astOperand1();
const Token* op2 = comp->astOperand2();
if (!comp->isComparisonOp() || !op1 || !op2) {
*op = "!=";
*value = "0";
*expr = comp;
} else if (op1->isLiteral()) {
if (op1->isExpandedMacro())
return false;
*op = invertOperatorForOperandSwap(comp->str());
if (op1->enumerator() && op1->enumerator()->value_known)
*value = MathLib::toString(op1->enumerator()->value);
else
*value = op1->str();
*expr = op2;
} else if (comp->astOperand2()->isLiteral()) {
if (op2->isExpandedMacro())
return false;
*op = comp->str();
if (op2->enumerator() && op2->enumerator()->value_known)
*value = MathLib::toString(op2->enumerator()->value);
else
*value = op2->str();
*expr = op1;
} else {
*op = "!=";
*value = "0";
*expr = comp;
}
*inconclusive = *inconclusive || ((*value)[0] == '\'' && !(*op == "!=" || *op == "=="));
// Only float and int values are currently handled
if (!MathLib::isInt(*value) && !MathLib::isFloat(*value) && (*value)[0] != '\'')
return false;
return true;
}
static std::string conditionString(bool not1, const Token *expr1, const std::string &op, const std::string &value1)
{
if (expr1->astParent()->isComparisonOp())
return std::string(not1 ? "!(" : "") +
(expr1->isName() ? expr1->str() : std::string("EXPR")) +
" " +
op +
" " +
value1 +
(not1 ? ")" : "");
return std::string(not1 ? "!" : "") +
(expr1->isName() ? expr1->str() : std::string("EXPR"));
}
void CheckCondition::checkIncorrectLogicOperator()
{
const bool printStyle = _settings->isEnabled(Settings::STYLE);
const bool printWarning = _settings->isEnabled(Settings::WARNING);
if (!printWarning && !printStyle)
return;
const bool printInconclusive = _settings->inconclusive;
const SymbolDatabase *symbolDatabase = _tokenizer->getSymbolDatabase();
const std::size_t functions = symbolDatabase->functionScopes.size();
for (std::size_t ii = 0; ii < functions; ++ii) {
const Scope * scope = symbolDatabase->functionScopes[ii];
for (const Token* tok = scope->classStart->next(); tok != scope->classEnd; tok = tok->next()) {
if (!Token::Match(tok, "%oror%|&&") || !tok->astOperand1() || !tok->astOperand2())
continue;
// Opposite comparisons around || or && => always true or always false
if ((tok->astOperand1()->isName() || tok->astOperand2()->isName()) &&
isOppositeCond(true, _tokenizer->isCPP(), tok->astOperand1(), tok->astOperand2(), _settings->library, true)) {
const bool alwaysTrue(tok->str() == "||");
incorrectLogicOperatorError(tok, tok->expressionString(), alwaysTrue, false);
continue;
}
// 'A && (!A || B)' is equivalent to 'A && B'
// 'A || (!A && B)' is equivalent to 'A || B'
if (printStyle &&
((tok->str() == "||" && tok->astOperand2()->str() == "&&") ||
(tok->str() == "&&" && tok->astOperand2()->str() == "||"))) {
const Token* tok2 = tok->astOperand2()->astOperand1();
if (isOppositeCond(true, _tokenizer->isCPP(), tok->astOperand1(), tok2, _settings->library, true)) {
std::string expr1(tok->astOperand1()->expressionString());
std::string expr2(tok->astOperand2()->astOperand1()->expressionString());
std::string expr3(tok->astOperand2()->astOperand2()->expressionString());
// make copy for later because the original string might get overwritten
const std::string expr1VerboseMsg = expr1;
const std::string expr2VerboseMsg = expr2;
const std::string expr3VerboseMsg = expr3;
if (expr1.length() + expr2.length() + expr3.length() > 50U) {
if (expr1[0] == '!' && expr2[0] != '!') {
expr1 = "!A";
expr2 = "A";
} else {
expr1 = "A";
expr2 = "!A";
}
expr3 = "B";
}
const std::string cond1 = expr1 + " " + tok->str() + " (" + expr2 + " " + tok->astOperand2()->str() + " " + expr3 + ")";
const std::string cond2 = expr1 + " " + tok->str() + " " + expr3;
const std::string cond1VerboseMsg = expr1VerboseMsg + " " + tok->str() + " " + expr2VerboseMsg + " " + tok->astOperand2()->str() + " " + expr3VerboseMsg;
const std::string cond2VerboseMsg = expr1VerboseMsg + " " + tok->str() + " " + expr3VerboseMsg;
// for the --verbose message, transform the actual condition and print it
const std::string msg = tok2->expressionString() + ". '" + cond1 + "' is equivalent to '" + cond2 + "'\n"
"The condition '" + cond1VerboseMsg + "' is equivalent to '" + cond2VerboseMsg + "'.";
redundantConditionError(tok, msg, false);
continue;
}
}
// Comparison #1 (LHS)
const Token *comp1 = tok->astOperand1();
if (comp1 && comp1->str() == tok->str())
comp1 = comp1->astOperand2();
// Comparison #2 (RHS)
const Token *comp2 = tok->astOperand2();
bool inconclusive = false;
// Parse LHS
bool not1;
std::string op1, value1;
const Token *expr1;
if (!parseComparison(comp1, &not1, &op1, &value1, &expr1, &inconclusive))
continue;
// Parse RHS
bool not2;
std::string op2, value2;
const Token *expr2;
if (!parseComparison(comp2, &not2, &op2, &value2, &expr2, &inconclusive))
continue;
if (inconclusive && !printInconclusive)
continue;
if (isSameExpression(_tokenizer->isCPP(), true, comp1, comp2, _settings->library, true))
continue; // same expressions => only report that there are same expressions
if (!isSameExpression(_tokenizer->isCPP(), true, expr1, expr2, _settings->library, true))
continue;
const bool isfloat = astIsFloat(expr1, true) || MathLib::isFloat(value1) || astIsFloat(expr2, true) || MathLib::isFloat(value2);
// don't check floating point equality comparisons. that is bad
// and deserves different warnings.
if (isfloat && (op1 == "==" || op1 == "!=" || op2 == "==" || op2 == "!="))
continue;
const double d1 = (isfloat) ? MathLib::toDoubleNumber(value1) : 0;
const double d2 = (isfloat) ? MathLib::toDoubleNumber(value2) : 0;
const MathLib::bigint i1 = (isfloat) ? 0 : MathLib::toLongNumber(value1);
const MathLib::bigint i2 = (isfloat) ? 0 : MathLib::toLongNumber(value2);
const bool useUnsignedInt = (std::numeric_limits<MathLib::bigint>::max()==i1)||(std::numeric_limits<MathLib::bigint>::max()==i2);
const MathLib::biguint u1 = (useUnsignedInt) ? MathLib::toLongNumber(value1) : 0;
const MathLib::biguint u2 = (useUnsignedInt) ? MathLib::toLongNumber(value2) : 0;
// evaluate if expression is always true/false
bool alwaysTrue = true, alwaysFalse = true;
bool firstTrue = true, secondTrue = true;
for (int test = 1; test <= 5; ++test) {
// test:
// 1 => testvalue is less than both value1 and value2
// 2 => testvalue is value1
// 3 => testvalue is between value1 and value2
// 4 => testvalue value2
// 5 => testvalue is larger than both value1 and value2
bool result1, result2;
if (isfloat) {
const double testvalue = getvalue<double>(test, d1, d2);
result1 = checkFloatRelation(op1, testvalue, d1);
result2 = checkFloatRelation(op2, testvalue, d2);
} else if (useUnsignedInt) {
const MathLib::biguint testvalue = getvalue<MathLib::biguint>(test, u1, u2);
result1 = checkIntRelation(op1, testvalue, u1);
result2 = checkIntRelation(op2, testvalue, u2);
} else {
const MathLib::bigint testvalue = getvalue<MathLib::bigint>(test, i1, i2);
result1 = checkIntRelation(op1, testvalue, i1);
result2 = checkIntRelation(op2, testvalue, i2);
}
if (not1)
result1 = !result1;
if (not2)
result2 = !result2;
if (tok->str() == "&&") {
alwaysTrue &= (result1 && result2);
alwaysFalse &= !(result1 && result2);
} else {
alwaysTrue &= (result1 || result2);
alwaysFalse &= !(result1 || result2);
}
firstTrue &= !(!result1 && result2);
secondTrue &= !(result1 && !result2);
}
const std::string cond1str = conditionString(not1, expr1, op1, value1);
const std::string cond2str = conditionString(not2, expr2, op2, value2);
if (printWarning && (alwaysTrue || alwaysFalse)) {
const std::string text = cond1str + " " + tok->str() + " " + cond2str;
incorrectLogicOperatorError(tok, text, alwaysTrue, inconclusive);
} else if (printStyle && secondTrue) {
const std::string text = "If '" + cond1str + "', the comparison '" + cond2str +
"' is always " + (secondTrue ? "true" : "false") + ".";
redundantConditionError(tok, text, inconclusive);
} else if (printStyle && firstTrue) {
//const std::string text = "The comparison " + cond1str + " is always " +
// (firstTrue ? "true" : "false") + " when " +
// cond2str + ".";
const std::string text = "If '" + cond2str + "', the comparison '" + cond1str +
"' is always " + (firstTrue ? "true" : "false") + ".";
redundantConditionError(tok, text, inconclusive);
}
}
}
}
void CheckCondition::incorrectLogicOperatorError(const Token *tok, const std::string &condition, bool always, bool inconclusive)
{
if (always)
reportError(tok, Severity::warning, "incorrectLogicOperator",
"Logical disjunction always evaluates to true: " + condition + ".\n"
"Logical disjunction always evaluates to true: " + condition + ". "
"Are these conditions necessary? Did you intend to use && instead? Are the numbers correct? Are you comparing the correct variables?", CWE571, inconclusive);
else
reportError(tok, Severity::warning, "incorrectLogicOperator",
"Logical conjunction always evaluates to false: " + condition + ".\n"
"Logical conjunction always evaluates to false: " + condition + ". "
"Are these conditions necessary? Did you intend to use || instead? Are the numbers correct? Are you comparing the correct variables?", CWE570, inconclusive);
}
void CheckCondition::redundantConditionError(const Token *tok, const std::string &text, bool inconclusive)
{
reportError(tok, Severity::style, "redundantCondition", "Redundant condition: " + text, CWE398, inconclusive);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Detect "(var % val1) > val2" where val2 is >= val1.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CheckCondition::checkModuloAlwaysTrueFalse()
{
if (!_settings->isEnabled(Settings::WARNING))
return;
const SymbolDatabase *symbolDatabase = _tokenizer->getSymbolDatabase();
const std::size_t functions = symbolDatabase->functionScopes.size();
for (std::size_t i = 0; i < functions; ++i) {
const Scope * scope = symbolDatabase->functionScopes[i];
for (const Token* tok = scope->classStart->next(); tok != scope->classEnd; tok = tok->next()) {
if (!tok->isComparisonOp())
continue;
const Token *num, *modulo;
if (Token::simpleMatch(tok->astOperand1(), "%") && Token::Match(tok->astOperand2(), "%num%")) {
modulo = tok->astOperand1();
num = tok->astOperand2();
} else if (Token::Match(tok->astOperand1(), "%num%") && Token::simpleMatch(tok->astOperand2(), "%")) {
num = tok->astOperand1();
modulo = tok->astOperand2();
} else {
continue;
}
if (Token::Match(modulo->astOperand2(), "%num%") &&
MathLib::isLessEqual(modulo->astOperand2()->str(), num->str()))
moduloAlwaysTrueFalseError(tok, modulo->astOperand2()->str());
}
}
}
void CheckCondition::moduloAlwaysTrueFalseError(const Token* tok, const std::string& maxVal)
{
reportError(tok, Severity::warning, "moduloAlwaysTrueFalse",
"Comparison of modulo result is predetermined, because it is always less than " + maxVal + ".", CWE398, false);
}
static int countPar(const Token *tok1, const Token *tok2)
{
int par = 0;
for (const Token *tok = tok1; tok && tok != tok2; tok = tok->next()) {
if (tok->str() == "(")
++par;
else if (tok->str() == ")")
--par;
else if (tok->str() == ";")
return -1;
}
return par;
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Clarify condition '(x = a < 0)' into '((x = a) < 0)' or '(x = (a < 0))'
// Clarify condition '(a & b == c)' into '((a & b) == c)' or '(a & (b == c))'
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CheckCondition::clarifyCondition()
{
if (!_settings->isEnabled(Settings::STYLE))
return;
const bool isC = _tokenizer->isC();
const SymbolDatabase *symbolDatabase = _tokenizer->getSymbolDatabase();
const std::size_t functions = symbolDatabase->functionScopes.size();
for (std::size_t i = 0; i < functions; ++i) {
const Scope * scope = symbolDatabase->functionScopes[i];
for (const Token* tok = scope->classStart->next(); tok != scope->classEnd; tok = tok->next()) {
if (Token::Match(tok, "( %name% [=&|^]")) {
for (const Token *tok2 = tok->tokAt(3); tok2; tok2 = tok2->next()) {
if (tok2->str() == "(" || tok2->str() == "[")
tok2 = tok2->link();
else if (tok2->tokType() == Token::eComparisonOp) {
// This might be a template
if (!isC && tok2->link())
break;
if (Token::simpleMatch(tok2->astParent(), "?"))
break;
clarifyConditionError(tok, tok->strAt(2) == "=", false);
break;
} else if (!tok2->isName() && !tok2->isNumber() && tok2->str() != ".")
break;
}
} else if (tok->tokType() == Token::eBitOp && (tok->str() != "&" || tok->astOperand2())) {
if (tok->astOperand2() && tok->astOperand2()->variable() && tok->astOperand2()->variable()->nameToken() == tok->astOperand2())
continue;
// using boolean result in bitwise operation ! x [&|^]
const ValueType* vt1 = tok->astOperand1() ? tok->astOperand1()->valueType() : nullptr;
const ValueType* vt2 = tok->astOperand2() ? tok->astOperand2()->valueType() : nullptr;
if (vt1 && vt1->type == ValueType::BOOL && !Token::Match(tok->astOperand1(), "%name%|(|[|::|.") && countPar(tok->astOperand1(), tok) == 0)
clarifyConditionError(tok, false, true);
else if (vt2 && vt2->type == ValueType::BOOL && !Token::Match(tok->astOperand1(), "%name%|(|[|::|.") && countPar(tok, tok->astOperand2()) == 0)
clarifyConditionError(tok, false, true);
}
}
}
}
void CheckCondition::clarifyConditionError(const Token *tok, bool assign, bool boolop)
{
std::string errmsg;
if (assign)
errmsg = "Suspicious condition (assignment + comparison); Clarify expression with parentheses.";
else if (boolop)
errmsg = "Boolean result is used in bitwise operation. Clarify expression with parentheses.\n"
"Suspicious expression. Boolean result is used in bitwise operation. The operator '!' "
"and the comparison operators have higher precedence than bitwise operators. "
"It is recommended that the expression is clarified with parentheses.";
else
errmsg = "Suspicious condition (bitwise operator + comparison); Clarify expression with parentheses.\n"
"Suspicious condition. Comparison operators have higher precedence than bitwise operators. "
"Please clarify the condition with parentheses.";
reportError(tok,
Severity::style,
"clarifyCondition",
errmsg, CWE398, false);
}
void CheckCondition::alwaysTrueFalse()
{
if (!_settings->isEnabled(Settings::STYLE))
return;
const SymbolDatabase *symbolDatabase = _tokenizer->getSymbolDatabase();
const std::size_t functions = symbolDatabase->functionScopes.size();
for (std::size_t i = 0; i < functions; ++i) {
const Scope * scope = symbolDatabase->functionScopes[i];
for (const Token* tok = scope->classStart->next(); tok != scope->classEnd; tok = tok->next()) {
if (tok->link()) // don't write false positives when templates are used
continue;
if (!tok->hasKnownIntValue())
continue;
if (Token::Match(tok, "[01]"))
continue;
const bool constIfWhileExpression =
tok->astParent()
&& Token::Match(tok->astParent()->astOperand1(), "if|while")
&& !tok->isBoolean();
const bool constValExpr = Token::Match(tok, "%num%|%char%") && tok->astParent() && Token::Match(tok->astParent(),"&&|%oror%|?"); // just one number or char in boolean expression
const bool compExpr = Token::Match(tok, "%comp%|!"); // a compare expression
if (!(constIfWhileExpression || constValExpr || compExpr))
continue;
// Don't warn in assertions. Condition is often 'always true' by intention.
// If platform,defines,etc cause 'always false' then that is not dangerous neither.
bool assertFound = false;
for (const Token * tok2 = tok->astParent(); tok2 ; tok2 = tok2->astParent()) { // move backwards and try to find "assert"
if (tok2->str() == "(" && tok2->astOperand2()) {
const std::string& str = tok2->previous()->str();
if ((str.find("assert")!=std::string::npos || str.find("ASSERT")!=std::string::npos))
assertFound = true;
break;
}
}
if (assertFound)
continue;
// Don't warn when there are expanded macros..
bool isExpandedMacro = false;
std::stack<const Token*> tokens;
tokens.push(tok);
while (!tokens.empty()) {
const Token *tok2 = tokens.top();
tokens.pop();
if (!tok2)
continue;
tokens.push(tok2->astOperand1());
tokens.push(tok2->astOperand2());
if (tok2->isExpandedMacro()) {
isExpandedMacro = true;
break;
}
}
if (isExpandedMacro)
continue;
for (const Token *parent = tok; parent; parent = parent->astParent()) {
if (parent->isExpandedMacro()) {
isExpandedMacro = true;
break;
}
}
if (isExpandedMacro)
continue;
// don't warn when condition checks sizeof result
bool hasSizeof = false;
tokens.push(tok);
while (!tokens.empty()) {
const Token *tok2 = tokens.top();
tokens.pop();
if (!tok2)
continue;
if (tok2->isNumber())
continue;
if (Token::simpleMatch(tok2->previous(), "sizeof (")) {
hasSizeof = true;
continue;
}
if (tok2->isComparisonOp() || tok2->isArithmeticalOp()) {
tokens.push(tok2->astOperand1());
tokens.push(tok2->astOperand2());
} else
break;
}
if (tokens.empty() && hasSizeof)
continue;
alwaysTrueFalseError(tok, tok->values().front().intvalue != 0);
}
}
}
void CheckCondition::alwaysTrueFalseError(const Token *tok, bool knownResult)
{
const std::string expr = tok ? tok->expressionString() : std::string("x");
reportError(tok,
Severity::style,
"knownConditionTrueFalse",
"Condition '" + expr + "' is always " + (knownResult ? "true" : "false"),
(knownResult ? CWE571 : CWE570), false);
}
void CheckCondition::checkInvalidTestForOverflow()
{
if (!_settings->isEnabled(Settings::WARNING))
return;
const SymbolDatabase *symbolDatabase = _tokenizer->getSymbolDatabase();
const std::size_t functions = symbolDatabase->functionScopes.size();
for (std::size_t i = 0; i < functions; ++i) {
const Scope * scope = symbolDatabase->functionScopes[i];
for (const Token* tok = scope->classStart; tok != scope->classEnd; tok = tok->next()) {
if (!tok->isComparisonOp() || !tok->astOperand1() || !tok->astOperand2())
continue;
const Token *calcToken, *exprToken;
bool result;
if (Token::Match(tok, "<|>=") && tok->astOperand1()->str() == "+") {
calcToken = tok->astOperand1();
exprToken = tok->astOperand2();
result = (tok->str() == ">=");
} else if (Token::Match(tok, ">|<=") && tok->astOperand2()->str() == "+") {
calcToken = tok->astOperand2();
exprToken = tok->astOperand1();
result = (tok->str() == "<=");
} else
continue;
// Only warn for signed integer overflows and pointer overflows.
if (!(calcToken->valueType() && (calcToken->valueType()->pointer || calcToken->valueType()->sign == ValueType::Sign::SIGNED)))
continue;
if (!(exprToken->valueType() && (exprToken->valueType()->pointer || exprToken->valueType()->sign == ValueType::Sign::SIGNED)))
continue;
const Token *termToken;
if (isSameExpression(_tokenizer->isCPP(), true, exprToken, calcToken->astOperand1(), _settings->library, true))
termToken = calcToken->astOperand2();
else if (isSameExpression(_tokenizer->isCPP(), true, exprToken, calcToken->astOperand2(), _settings->library, true))
termToken = calcToken->astOperand1();
else
continue;
if (!termToken)
continue;
// Only warn when termToken is always positive
if (termToken->valueType() && termToken->valueType()->sign == ValueType::Sign::UNSIGNED)
invalidTestForOverflow(tok, result);
else if (termToken->isNumber() && MathLib::isPositive(termToken->str()))
invalidTestForOverflow(tok, result);
}
}
}
void CheckCondition::invalidTestForOverflow(const Token* tok, bool result)
{
std::string errmsg;
errmsg = "Invalid test for overflow '" +
(tok ? tok->expressionString() : std::string("x + u < x")) +
"'. Condition is always " +
std::string(result ? "true" : "false") +
" unless there is overflow, and overflow is UB.";
reportError(tok, Severity::warning, "invalidTestForOverflow", errmsg, (result ? CWE571 : CWE570), false);
}
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