cppcheck/test/bug-hunting/cve/CVE-2019-15939/hog.cpp

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#include "precomp.hpp"
#include "cascadedetect.hpp"
#include "opencv2/core/core_c.h"
#include "opencv2/core/hal/intrin.hpp"
#include "opencl_kernels_objdetect.hpp"

#include <cstdio>
#include <iterator>
#include <limits>

/****************************************************************************************\
      The code below is implementation of HOG (Histogram-of-Oriented Gradients)
      descriptor and object detection, introduced by Navneet Dalal and Bill Triggs.

      The computed feature vectors are compatible with the
      INRIA Object Detection and Localization Toolkit
      (http://pascal.inrialpes.fr/soft/olt/)
\****************************************************************************************/

namespace cv
{

#define NTHREADS 256

    enum {DESCR_FORMAT_COL_BY_COL, DESCR_FORMAT_ROW_BY_ROW};

    static int numPartsWithin(int size, int part_size, int stride)
    {
        CV_Assert(stride != 0);
        return (size - part_size + stride) / stride;
    }

    static Size numPartsWithin(cv::Size size, cv::Size part_size,
                               cv::Size stride)
    {
        return Size(numPartsWithin(size.width, part_size.width, stride.width),
                    numPartsWithin(size.height, part_size.height, stride.height));
    }

    static size_t getBlockHistogramSize(Size block_size, Size cell_size, int nbins)
    {
        CV_Assert(!cell_size.empty());
        Size cells_per_block = Size(block_size.width / cell_size.width,
                                    block_size.height / cell_size.height);
        return (size_t)(nbins * cells_per_block.area());
    }

    size_t HOGDescriptor::getDescriptorSize() const
    {
        CV_Assert(blockSize.width % cellSize.width == 0 &&
                  blockSize.height % cellSize.height == 0);
        CV_Assert((winSize.width - blockSize.width) % blockStride.width == 0 &&
                  (winSize.height - blockSize.height) % blockStride.height == 0 );

        return (size_t)nbins*
               (blockSize.width/cellSize.width)*
               (blockSize.height/cellSize.height)*
               ((winSize.width - blockSize.width)/blockStride.width + 1)*
               ((winSize.height - blockSize.height)/blockStride.height + 1);
    }

    double HOGDescriptor::getWinSigma() const
    {
        return winSigma > 0 ? winSigma : (blockSize.width + blockSize.height)/8.;
    }

    bool HOGDescriptor::checkDetectorSize() const
    {
        size_t detectorSize = svmDetector.size(), descriptorSize = getDescriptorSize();
        return detectorSize == 0 ||
               detectorSize == descriptorSize ||
               detectorSize == descriptorSize + 1;
    }

    void HOGDescriptor::setSVMDetector(InputArray _svmDetector)
    {
        _svmDetector.getMat().convertTo(svmDetector, CV_32F);
        CV_Assert(checkDetectorSize());

        Mat detector_reordered(1, (int)svmDetector.size(), CV_32FC1);

        size_t block_hist_size = getBlockHistogramSize(blockSize, cellSize, nbins);
        cv::Size blocks_per_img = numPartsWithin(winSize, blockSize, blockStride);

        for (int i = 0; i < blocks_per_img.height; ++i)
            for (int j = 0; j < blocks_per_img.width; ++j)
            {
                const float *src = &svmDetector[0] + (j * blocks_per_img.height + i) * block_hist_size;
                float *dst = detector_reordered.ptr<float>() + (i * blocks_per_img.width + j) * block_hist_size;
                for (size_t k = 0; k < block_hist_size; ++k)
                    dst[k] = src[k];
            }
        size_t descriptor_size = getDescriptorSize();
        free_coef = svmDetector.size() > descriptor_size ? svmDetector[descriptor_size] : 0;
        detector_reordered.copyTo(oclSvmDetector);
    }

#define CV_TYPE_NAME_HOG_DESCRIPTOR "opencv-object-detector-hog"

    bool HOGDescriptor::read(FileNode& obj)
    {
        CV_Assert(!obj["winSize"].empty());

        if (!obj.isMap())
            return false;
        FileNodeIterator it = obj["winSize"].begin();
        it >> winSize.width >> winSize.height; CV_Assert(!winSize.empty());
        it = obj["blockSize"].begin();
        it >> blockSize.width >> blockSize.height; CV_Assert(!blockSize.empty());
        it = obj["blockStride"].begin();
        it >> blockStride.width >> blockStride.height; CV_Assert(!blockStride.empty());
        it = obj["cellSize"].begin();
        it >> cellSize.width >> cellSize.height; CV_Assert(!cellSize.empty());
        obj["nbins"] >> nbins; CV_Assert(nbins > 0);
        obj["derivAperture"] >> derivAperture;
        obj["winSigma"] >> winSigma;
        obj["histogramNormType"] >> histogramNormType;
        obj["L2HysThreshold"] >> L2HysThreshold;
        obj["gammaCorrection"] >> gammaCorrection;
        obj["nlevels"] >> nlevels; CV_Assert(nlevels > 0);
        if (obj["signedGradient"].empty())
            signedGradient = false;
        else
            obj["signedGradient"] >> signedGradient;

        FileNode vecNode = obj["SVMDetector"];
        if (vecNode.isSeq())
        {
            std::vector<float> _svmDetector;
            vecNode >> _svmDetector;
            setSVMDetector(_svmDetector);
        }
        return true;
    }

    void HOGDescriptor::write(FileStorage& fs, const String& objName) const
    {
        if (!objName.empty())
            fs << objName;

        fs << "{" CV_TYPE_NAME_HOG_DESCRIPTOR
           << "winSize" << winSize
           << "blockSize" << blockSize
           << "blockStride" << blockStride
           << "cellSize" << cellSize
           << "nbins" << nbins
           << "derivAperture" << derivAperture
           << "winSigma" << getWinSigma()
           << "histogramNormType" << histogramNormType
           << "L2HysThreshold" << L2HysThreshold
           << "gammaCorrection" << gammaCorrection
           << "nlevels" << nlevels
           << "signedGradient" << signedGradient;
        if (!svmDetector.empty())
            fs << "SVMDetector" << svmDetector;
        fs << "}";
    }

    bool HOGDescriptor::load(const String& filename, const String& objname)
    {
        FileStorage fs(filename, FileStorage::READ);
        FileNode obj = !objname.empty() ? fs[objname] : fs.getFirstTopLevelNode();
        return read(obj);
    }

    void HOGDescriptor::save(const String& filename, const String& objName) const
    {
        FileStorage fs(filename, FileStorage::WRITE);
        write(fs, !objName.empty() ? objName : FileStorage::getDefaultObjectName(filename));
    }

    void HOGDescriptor::copyTo(HOGDescriptor& c) const
    {
        c.winSize = winSize;
        c.blockSize = blockSize;
        c.blockStride = blockStride;
        c.cellSize = cellSize;
        c.nbins = nbins;
        c.derivAperture = derivAperture;
        c.winSigma = winSigma;
        c.histogramNormType = histogramNormType;
        c.L2HysThreshold = L2HysThreshold;
        c.gammaCorrection = gammaCorrection;
        c.setSVMDetector(svmDetector);
        c.nlevels = nlevels;
        c.signedGradient = signedGradient;
    }

    void HOGDescriptor::computeGradient(const Mat& img, Mat& grad, Mat& qangle,
                                        Size paddingTL, Size paddingBR) const
    {
        CV_INSTRUMENT_REGION();

        CV_Assert( img.type() == CV_8U || img.type() == CV_8UC3 );

        Size gradsize(img.cols + paddingTL.width + paddingBR.width,
                      img.rows + paddingTL.height + paddingBR.height);
        grad.create(gradsize, CV_32FC2); // <magnitude*(1-alpha), magnitude*alpha>
        qangle.create(gradsize, CV_8UC2); // [0..nbins-1] - quantized gradient orientation

        Size wholeSize;
        Point roiofs;
        img.locateROI(wholeSize, roiofs);

        int i, x, y;
        int cn = img.channels();

        Mat_<float> _lut(1, 256);
        const float* const lut = &_lut(0,0);
#if CV_SIMD128
        v_float32x4 idx(0.0f, 1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f);
        v_float32x4 ifour = v_setall_f32(4.0);

        float* const _data = &_lut(0, 0);
        if (gammaCorrection)
            for (i = 0; i < 256; i += 4)
            {
                v_store(_data + i, v_sqrt(idx));
                idx += ifour;
            }
        else
            for (i = 0; i < 256; i += 4)
            {
                v_store(_data + i, idx);
                idx += ifour;
            }
#else
        if (gammaCorrection)
            for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
                _lut(0,i) = std::sqrt((float)i);
        else
            for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
                _lut(0,i) = (float)i;
#endif

        AutoBuffer<int> mapbuf(gradsize.width + gradsize.height + 4);
        int* xmap = mapbuf.data() + 1;
        int* ymap = xmap + gradsize.width + 2;

        const int borderType = (int)BORDER_REFLECT_101;

        for (x = -1; x < gradsize.width + 1; x++)
            xmap[x] = borderInterpolate(x - paddingTL.width + roiofs.x,
                                        wholeSize.width, borderType) - roiofs.x;
        for (y = -1; y < gradsize.height + 1; y++)
            ymap[y] = borderInterpolate(y - paddingTL.height + roiofs.y,
                                        wholeSize.height, borderType) - roiofs.y;

        // x- & y- derivatives for the whole row
        int width = gradsize.width;
        AutoBuffer<float> _dbuf(width*4);
        float* const dbuf = _dbuf.data();
        Mat Dx(1, width, CV_32F, dbuf);
        Mat Dy(1, width, CV_32F, dbuf + width);
        Mat Mag(1, width, CV_32F, dbuf + width*2);
        Mat Angle(1, width, CV_32F, dbuf + width*3);

        if (cn == 3)
        {
            int end = gradsize.width + 2;
            xmap -= 1, x = 0;
#if CV_SIMD128
            for ( ; x <= end - 4; x += 4)
            {
                v_int32x4 mul_res = v_load(xmap + x);
                mul_res += mul_res + mul_res;
                v_store(xmap + x, mul_res);
            }
#endif
            for ( ; x < end; ++x)
                xmap[x] *= 3;
            xmap += 1;
        }

        float angleScale = signedGradient ? (float)(nbins/(2.0*CV_PI)) : (float)(nbins/CV_PI);
        for (y = 0; y < gradsize.height; y++)
        {
            const uchar* imgPtr  = img.ptr(ymap[y]);
            //In case subimage is used ptr() generates an assert for next and prev rows
            //(see http://code.opencv.org/issues/4149)
            const uchar* prevPtr = img.data + img.step*ymap[y-1];
            const uchar* nextPtr = img.data + img.step*ymap[y+1];

            float* gradPtr = grad.ptr<float>(y);
            uchar* qanglePtr = qangle.ptr(y);

            if (cn == 1)
            {
                for (x = 0; x < width; x++)
                {
                    int x1 = xmap[x];
                    dbuf[x] = (float)(lut[imgPtr[xmap[x+1]]] - lut[imgPtr[xmap[x-1]]]);
                    dbuf[width + x] = (float)(lut[nextPtr[x1]] - lut[prevPtr[x1]]);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                x = 0;
#if CV_SIMD128
                for ( ; x <= width - 4; x += 4)
                {
                    int x0 = xmap[x], x1 = xmap[x+1], x2 = xmap[x+2], x3 = xmap[x+3];
                    typedef const uchar* const T;
                    T p02 = imgPtr + xmap[x+1], p00 = imgPtr + xmap[x-1];
                    T p12 = imgPtr + xmap[x+2], p10 = imgPtr + xmap[x];
                    T p22 = imgPtr + xmap[x+3], p20 = p02;
                    T p32 = imgPtr + xmap[x+4], p30 = p12;

                    v_float32x4 _dx0 = v_float32x4(lut[p02[0]], lut[p12[0]], lut[p22[0]], lut[p32[0]]) -
                                       v_float32x4(lut[p00[0]], lut[p10[0]], lut[p20[0]], lut[p30[0]]);
                    v_float32x4 _dx1 = v_float32x4(lut[p02[1]], lut[p12[1]], lut[p22[1]], lut[p32[1]]) -
                                       v_float32x4(lut[p00[1]], lut[p10[1]], lut[p20[1]], lut[p30[1]]);
                    v_float32x4 _dx2 = v_float32x4(lut[p02[2]], lut[p12[2]], lut[p22[2]], lut[p32[2]]) -
                                       v_float32x4(lut[p00[2]], lut[p10[2]], lut[p20[2]], lut[p30[2]]);

                    v_float32x4 _dy0 = v_float32x4(lut[nextPtr[x0]], lut[nextPtr[x1]], lut[nextPtr[x2]], lut[nextPtr[x3]]) -
                                       v_float32x4(lut[prevPtr[x0]], lut[prevPtr[x1]], lut[prevPtr[x2]], lut[prevPtr[x3]]);
                    v_float32x4 _dy1 = v_float32x4(lut[nextPtr[x0+1]], lut[nextPtr[x1+1]], lut[nextPtr[x2+1]], lut[nextPtr[x3+1]]) -
                                       v_float32x4(lut[prevPtr[x0+1]], lut[prevPtr[x1+1]], lut[prevPtr[x2+1]], lut[prevPtr[x3+1]]);
                    v_float32x4 _dy2 = v_float32x4(lut[nextPtr[x0+2]], lut[nextPtr[x1+2]], lut[nextPtr[x2+2]], lut[nextPtr[x3+2]]) -
                                       v_float32x4(lut[prevPtr[x0+2]], lut[prevPtr[x1+2]], lut[prevPtr[x2+2]], lut[prevPtr[x3+2]]);

                    v_float32x4 _mag0 = (_dx0 * _dx0) + (_dy0 * _dy0);
                    v_float32x4 _mag1 = (_dx1 * _dx1) + (_dy1 * _dy1);
                    v_float32x4 _mag2 = (_dx2 * _dx2) + (_dy2 * _dy2);

                    v_float32x4 mask = v_reinterpret_as_f32(_mag2 > _mag1);
                    _dx2 = v_select(mask, _dx2, _dx1);
                    _dy2 = v_select(mask, _dy2, _dy1);

                    mask = v_reinterpret_as_f32(v_max(_mag2, _mag1) > _mag0);
                    _dx2 = v_select(mask, _dx2, _dx0);
                    _dy2 = v_select(mask, _dy2, _dy0);

                    v_store(dbuf + x, _dx2);
                    v_store(dbuf + x + width, _dy2);
                }
#endif
                for ( ; x < width; x++)
                {
                    int x1 = xmap[x];
                    float dx0, dy0, dx, dy, mag0, mag;
                    const uchar* p2 = imgPtr + xmap[x+1];
                    const uchar* p0 = imgPtr + xmap[x-1];

                    dx0 = lut[p2[2]] - lut[p0[2]];
                    dy0 = lut[nextPtr[x1+2]] - lut[prevPtr[x1+2]];
                    mag0 = dx0*dx0 + dy0*dy0;

                    dx = lut[p2[1]] - lut[p0[1]];
                    dy = lut[nextPtr[x1+1]] - lut[prevPtr[x1+1]];
                    mag = dx*dx + dy*dy;
                    if (mag0 < mag)
                    {
                        dx0 = dx;
                        dy0 = dy;
                        mag0 = mag;
                    }

                    dx = lut[p2[0]] - lut[p0[0]];
                    dy = lut[nextPtr[x1]] - lut[prevPtr[x1]];
                    mag = dx*dx + dy*dy;
                    if (mag0 < mag)
                    {
                        dx0 = dx;
                        dy0 = dy;
                        mag0 = mag;
                    }

                    dbuf[x] = dx0;
                    dbuf[x+width] = dy0;
                }
            }

            // computing angles and magnidutes
            cartToPolar( Dx, Dy, Mag, Angle, false );

            // filling the result matrix
            x = 0;
#if CV_SIMD128
            v_float32x4 fhalf = v_setall_f32(0.5f);
            v_float32x4 _angleScale = v_setall_f32(angleScale), fone = v_setall_f32(1.0f);
            v_int32x4 ione = v_setall_s32(1), _nbins = v_setall_s32(nbins), izero = v_setzero_s32();

            for ( ; x <= width - 4; x += 4)
            {
                int x2 = x << 1;
                v_float32x4 _mag = v_load(dbuf + x + (width << 1));
                v_float32x4 _angle = v_load(dbuf + x + width * 3);
                _angle = (_angleScale * _angle) - fhalf;

                v_int32x4 _hidx = v_floor(_angle);
                _angle -= v_cvt_f32(_hidx);

                v_float32x4 ft0 = _mag * (fone - _angle);
                v_float32x4 ft1 = _mag * _angle;

                v_store_interleave(gradPtr + x2, ft0, ft1);

                v_int32x4 mask0 = _hidx >> 31;
                v_int32x4 it0 = mask0 & _nbins;
                mask0 = (_hidx >= _nbins);
                v_int32x4 it1 = mask0 & _nbins;
                _hidx += (it0 - it1);

                it0 = v_reinterpret_as_s32(v_pack(v_pack(_hidx, izero), v_reinterpret_as_s16(izero)));
                _hidx += ione;
                _hidx &= (_hidx < _nbins);
                it1 = v_reinterpret_as_s32(v_pack(v_pack(_hidx, izero), v_reinterpret_as_s16(izero)));
                v_uint8x16 it2, it3;
                v_zip(v_reinterpret_as_u8(it0), v_reinterpret_as_u8(it1), it2, it3);

                v_store_low(qanglePtr + x2, it2);
            }
#endif
            for ( ; x < width; x++)
            {
                float mag = dbuf[x+width*2], angle = dbuf[x+width*3]*angleScale - 0.5f;
                int hidx = cvFloor(angle);
                angle -= hidx;
                gradPtr[x*2] = mag*(1.f - angle);
                gradPtr[x*2+1] = mag*angle;

                if (hidx < 0)
                    hidx += nbins;
                else if (hidx >= nbins)
                    hidx -= nbins;

                CV_Assert((unsigned)hidx < (unsigned)nbins );

                qanglePtr[x*2] = (uchar)hidx;
                hidx++;
                hidx &= hidx < nbins ? -1 : 0;
                qanglePtr[x*2+1] = (uchar)hidx;
            }
        }
    }

    struct HOGCache
    {
        struct BlockData
        {
            BlockData() :
                histOfs(0), imgOffset()
            {}

            int histOfs;
            Point imgOffset;
        };

        struct PixData
        {
            size_t gradOfs, qangleOfs;
            int histOfs[4];
            float histWeights[4];
            float gradWeight;
        };

        HOGCache();
        HOGCache(const HOGDescriptor* descriptor,
                 const Mat& img, const Size& paddingTL, const Size& paddingBR,
                 bool useCache, const Size& cacheStride);
        virtual ~HOGCache() {}
        virtual void init(const HOGDescriptor* descriptor,
                          const Mat& img, const Size& paddingTL, const Size& paddingBR,
                          bool useCache, const Size& cacheStride);

        Size windowsInImage(const Size& imageSize, const Size& winStride) const;
        Rect getWindow(const Size& imageSize, const Size& winStride, int idx) const;

        const float* getBlock(Point pt, float* buf);
        virtual void normalizeBlockHistogram(float* histogram) const;

        std::vector<PixData> pixData;
        std::vector<BlockData> blockData;

        bool useCache;
        std::vector<int> ymaxCached;
        Size winSize;
        Size cacheStride;
        Size nblocks, ncells;
        int blockHistogramSize;
        int count1, count2, count4;
        Point imgoffset;
        Mat_<float> blockCache;
        Mat_<uchar> blockCacheFlags;

        Mat grad, qangle;
        const HOGDescriptor* descriptor;
    };

    HOGCache::HOGCache() :
        blockHistogramSize(), count1(), count2(), count4()
    {
        useCache = false;
        descriptor = 0;
    }

    HOGCache::HOGCache(const HOGDescriptor* _descriptor,
                       const Mat& _img, const Size& _paddingTL, const Size& _paddingBR,
                       bool _useCache, const Size& _cacheStride)
    {
        init(_descriptor, _img, _paddingTL, _paddingBR, _useCache, _cacheStride);
    }

    void HOGCache::init(const HOGDescriptor* _descriptor,
                        const Mat& _img, const Size& _paddingTL, const Size& _paddingBR,
                        bool _useCache, const Size& _cacheStride)
    {
        descriptor = _descriptor;
        cacheStride = _cacheStride;
        useCache = _useCache;

        descriptor->computeGradient(_img, grad, qangle, _paddingTL, _paddingBR);
        imgoffset = _paddingTL;

        winSize = descriptor->winSize;
        Size blockSize = descriptor->blockSize;
        Size blockStride = descriptor->blockStride;
        Size cellSize = descriptor->cellSize;
        int i, j, nbins = descriptor->nbins;
        int rawBlockSize = blockSize.width*blockSize.height;

        nblocks = Size((winSize.width - blockSize.width)/blockStride.width + 1,
                       (winSize.height - blockSize.height)/blockStride.height + 1);
        ncells = Size(blockSize.width/cellSize.width, blockSize.height/cellSize.height);
        blockHistogramSize = ncells.width*ncells.height*nbins;

        if (useCache)
        {
            Size cacheSize((grad.cols - blockSize.width)/cacheStride.width+1,
                           (winSize.height/cacheStride.height)+1);

            blockCache.create(cacheSize.height, cacheSize.width*blockHistogramSize);
            blockCacheFlags.create(cacheSize);

            size_t cacheRows = blockCache.rows;
            ymaxCached.resize(cacheRows);
            for (size_t ii = 0; ii < cacheRows; ii++)
                ymaxCached[ii] = -1;
        }

        Mat_<float> weights(blockSize);
        float sigma = (float)descriptor->getWinSigma();
        float scale = 1.f/(sigma*sigma*2);

        {
            AutoBuffer<float> di(blockSize.height), dj(blockSize.width);
            float* _di = di.data(), *_dj = dj.data();
            float bh = blockSize.height * 0.5f, bw = blockSize.width * 0.5f;

            i = 0;
    #if CV_SIMD128
            v_float32x4 idx(0.0f, 1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f);
            v_float32x4 _bw = v_setall_f32(bw), _bh = v_setall_f32(bh);
            v_float32x4 ifour = v_setall_f32(4.0);

            for (; i <= blockSize.height - 4; i += 4)
            {
                v_float32x4 t = idx - _bh;
                t *= t;
                idx += ifour;
                v_store(_di + i, t);
            }
    #endif
            for ( ; i < blockSize.height; ++i)
            {
                _di[i] = i - bh;
                _di[i] *= _di[i];
            }

            j = 0;
    #if CV_SIMD128
            idx = v_float32x4(0.0f, 1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f);

            for (; j <= blockSize.height - 4; j += 4)
            {
                v_float32x4 t = idx - _bw;
                t *= t;
                idx += ifour;
                v_store(_dj + j, t);
            }
    #endif
            for ( ; j < blockSize.width; ++j)
            {
                _dj[j] = j - bw;
                _dj[j] *= _dj[j];
            }

            for (i = 0; i < blockSize.height; i++)
                for (j = 0; j < blockSize.width; j++)
                    weights(i,j) = std::exp(-(_di[i] + _dj[j])*scale);
        }

        blockData.resize(nblocks.width*nblocks.height);
        pixData.resize(rawBlockSize*3);

        // Initialize 2 lookup tables, pixData & blockData.
        // Here is why:
        //
        // The detection algorithm runs in 4 nested loops (at each pyramid layer):
        //  loop over the windows within the input image
        //    loop over the blocks within each window
        //      loop over the cells within each block
        //        loop over the pixels in each cell
        //
        // As each of the loops runs over a 2-dimensional array,
        // we could get 8(!) nested loops in total, which is very-very slow.
        //
        // To speed the things up, we do the following:
        //   1. loop over windows is unrolled in the HOGDescriptor::{compute|detect} methods;
        //         inside we compute the current search window using getWindow() method.
        //         Yes, it involves some overhead (function call + couple of divisions),
        //         but it's tiny in fact.
        //   2. loop over the blocks is also unrolled. Inside we use pre-computed blockData[j]
        //         to set up gradient and histogram pointers.
        //   3. loops over cells and pixels in each cell are merged
        //       (since there is no overlap between cells, each pixel in the block is processed once)
        //      and also unrolled. Inside we use PixData[k] to access the gradient values and
        //      update the histogram
        //

        count1 = count2 = count4 = 0;
        for (j = 0; j < blockSize.width; j++)
            for (i = 0; i < blockSize.height; i++)
            {
                PixData* data = 0;
                float cellX = (j+0.5f)/cellSize.width - 0.5f;
                float cellY = (i+0.5f)/cellSize.height - 0.5f;
                int icellX0 = cvFloor(cellX);
                int icellY0 = cvFloor(cellY);
                int icellX1 = icellX0 + 1, icellY1 = icellY0 + 1;
                cellX -= icellX0;
                cellY -= icellY0;

                if ((unsigned)icellX0 < (unsigned)ncells.width &&
                    (unsigned)icellX1 < (unsigned)ncells.width)
                {
                    if ((unsigned)icellY0 < (unsigned)ncells.height &&
                        (unsigned)icellY1 < (unsigned)ncells.height)
                    {
                        data = &pixData[rawBlockSize*2 + (count4++)];
                        data->histOfs[0] = (icellX0*ncells.height + icellY0)*nbins;
                        data->histWeights[0] = (1.f - cellX)*(1.f - cellY);
                        data->histOfs[1] = (icellX1*ncells.height + icellY0)*nbins;
                        data->histWeights[1] = cellX*(1.f - cellY);
                        data->histOfs[2] = (icellX0*ncells.height + icellY1)*nbins;
                        data->histWeights[2] = (1.f - cellX)*cellY;
                        data->histOfs[3] = (icellX1*ncells.height + icellY1)*nbins;
                        data->histWeights[3] = cellX*cellY;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        data = &pixData[rawBlockSize + (count2++)];
                        if ((unsigned)icellY0 < (unsigned)ncells.height)
                        {
                            icellY1 = icellY0;
                            cellY = 1.f - cellY;
                        }
                        data->histOfs[0] = (icellX0*ncells.height + icellY1)*nbins;
                        data->histWeights[0] = (1.f - cellX)*cellY;
                        data->histOfs[1] = (icellX1*ncells.height + icellY1)*nbins;
                        data->histWeights[1] = cellX*cellY;
                        data->histOfs[2] = data->histOfs[3] = 0;
                        data->histWeights[2] = data->histWeights[3] = 0;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    if ((unsigned)icellX0 < (unsigned)ncells.width)
                    {
                        icellX1 = icellX0;
                        cellX = 1.f - cellX;
                    }

                    if ((unsigned)icellY0 < (unsigned)ncells.height &&
                        (unsigned)icellY1 < (unsigned)ncells.height)
                    {
                        data = &pixData[rawBlockSize + (count2++)];
                        data->histOfs[0] = (icellX1*ncells.height + icellY0)*nbins;
                        data->histWeights[0] = cellX*(1.f - cellY);
                        data->histOfs[1] = (icellX1*ncells.height + icellY1)*nbins;
                        data->histWeights[1] = cellX*cellY;
                        data->histOfs[2] = data->histOfs[3] = 0;
                        data->histWeights[2] = data->histWeights[3] = 0;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        data = &pixData[count1++];
                        if ((unsigned)icellY0 < (unsigned)ncells.height)
                        {
                            icellY1 = icellY0;
                            cellY = 1.f - cellY;
                        }
                        data->histOfs[0] = (icellX1*ncells.height + icellY1)*nbins;
                        data->histWeights[0] = cellX*cellY;
                        data->histOfs[1] = data->histOfs[2] = data->histOfs[3] = 0;
                        data->histWeights[1] = data->histWeights[2] = data->histWeights[3] = 0;
                    }
                }
                data->gradOfs = (grad.cols*i + j)*2;
                data->qangleOfs = (qangle.cols*i + j)*2;
                data->gradWeight = weights(i,j);
            }

        assert( count1 + count2 + count4 == rawBlockSize );
        // defragment pixData
        for (j = 0; j < count2; j++)
            pixData[j + count1] = pixData[j + rawBlockSize];
        for (j = 0; j < count4; j++)
            pixData[j + count1 + count2] = pixData[j + rawBlockSize*2];
        count2 += count1;
        count4 += count2;

        // initialize blockData
        for (j = 0; j < nblocks.width; j++)
            for (i = 0; i < nblocks.height; i++)
            {
                BlockData& data = blockData[j*nblocks.height + i];
                data.histOfs = (j*nblocks.height + i)*blockHistogramSize;
                data.imgOffset = Point(j*blockStride.width,i*blockStride.height);
            }
    }

    const float* HOGCache::getBlock(Point pt, float* buf)
    {
        float* blockHist = buf;
        assert(descriptor != 0);

//    Size blockSize = descriptor->blockSize;
        pt += imgoffset;

//    CV_Assert( (unsigned)pt.x <= (unsigned)(grad.cols - blockSize.width) &&
//        (unsigned)pt.y <= (unsigned)(grad.rows - blockSize.height) );

        if (useCache)
        {
            CV_Assert( pt.x % cacheStride.width == 0 &&
                       pt.y % cacheStride.height == 0 );
            Point cacheIdx(pt.x/cacheStride.width,
                           (pt.y/cacheStride.height) % blockCache.rows);
            if (pt.y != ymaxCached[cacheIdx.y])
            {
                Mat_<uchar> cacheRow = blockCacheFlags.row(cacheIdx.y);
                cacheRow = (uchar)0;
                ymaxCached[cacheIdx.y] = pt.y;
            }

            blockHist = &blockCache[cacheIdx.y][cacheIdx.x*blockHistogramSize];
            uchar& computedFlag = blockCacheFlags(cacheIdx.y, cacheIdx.x);
            if (computedFlag != 0)
                return blockHist;
            computedFlag = (uchar)1; // set it at once, before actual computing
        }

        int k, C1 = count1, C2 = count2, C4 = count4;
        const float* gradPtr = grad.ptr<float>(pt.y) + pt.x*2;
        const uchar* qanglePtr = qangle.ptr(pt.y) + pt.x*2;

//    CV_Assert( blockHist != 0 );
        memset(blockHist, 0, sizeof(float) * blockHistogramSize);

        const PixData* _pixData = &pixData[0];

        for (k = 0; k < C1; k++)
        {
            const PixData& pk = _pixData[k];
            const float* const a = gradPtr + pk.gradOfs;
            float w = pk.gradWeight*pk.histWeights[0];
            const uchar* h = qanglePtr + pk.qangleOfs;
            int h0 = h[0], h1 = h[1];

            float* hist = blockHist + pk.histOfs[0];
            float t0 = hist[h0] + a[0]*w;
            float t1 = hist[h1] + a[1]*w;
            hist[h0] = t0; hist[h1] = t1;
        }

#if CV_SIMD128
        float hist0[4], hist1[4];
        for ( ; k < C2; k++)
        {
            const PixData& pk = _pixData[k];
            const float* const a = gradPtr + pk.gradOfs;
            const uchar* const h = qanglePtr + pk.qangleOfs;
            int h0 = h[0], h1 = h[1];

            v_float32x4 _a0 = v_setall_f32(a[0]), _a1 = v_setall_f32(a[1]);
            v_float32x4 w = v_setall_f32(pk.gradWeight) * v_load(pk.histWeights);
            v_float32x4 _t0 = _a0 * w, _t1 = _a1 * w;

            v_store(hist0, _t0);
            v_store(hist1, _t1);

            float* hist = blockHist + pk.histOfs[0];
            float t0 = hist[h0] + hist0[0];
            float t1 = hist[h1] + hist1[0];
            hist[h0] = t0; hist[h1] = t1;

            hist = blockHist + pk.histOfs[1];
            t0 = hist[h0] + hist0[1];
            t1 = hist[h1] + hist1[1];
            hist[h0] = t0; hist[h1] = t1;
        }
#else
        for ( ; k < C2; k++)
        {
            const PixData& pk = _pixData[k];
            const float* const a = gradPtr + pk.gradOfs;
            float w, t0, t1, a0 = a[0], a1 = a[1];
            const uchar* const h = qanglePtr + pk.qangleOfs;
            int h0 = h[0], h1 = h[1];

            float* hist = blockHist + pk.histOfs[0];
            w = pk.gradWeight*pk.histWeights[0];
            t0 = hist[h0] + a0*w;
            t1 = hist[h1] + a1*w;
            hist[h0] = t0; hist[h1] = t1;

            hist = blockHist + pk.histOfs[1];
            w = pk.gradWeight*pk.histWeights[1];
            t0 = hist[h0] + a0*w;
            t1 = hist[h1] + a1*w;
            hist[h0] = t0; hist[h1] = t1;
        }
#endif

#if CV_SIMD128
        for ( ; k < C4; k++)
        {
            const PixData& pk = _pixData[k];
            const float* const a = gradPtr + pk.gradOfs;
            const uchar* const h = qanglePtr + pk.qangleOfs;
            int h0 = h[0], h1 = h[1];

            v_float32x4 _a0 = v_setall_f32(a[0]), _a1 = v_setall_f32(a[1]);
            v_float32x4 w = v_setall_f32(pk.gradWeight) * v_load(pk.histWeights);
            v_float32x4 _t0 = _a0 * w, _t1 = _a1 * w;

            v_store(hist0, _t0);
            v_store(hist1, _t1);

            float* hist = blockHist + pk.histOfs[0];
            float t0 = hist[h0] + hist0[0];
            float t1 = hist[h1] + hist1[0];
            hist[h0] = t0; hist[h1] = t1;

            hist = blockHist + pk.histOfs[1];
            t0 = hist[h0] + hist0[1];
            t1 = hist[h1] + hist1[1];
            hist[h0] = t0; hist[h1] = t1;

            hist = blockHist + pk.histOfs[2];
            t0 = hist[h0] + hist0[2];
            t1 = hist[h1] + hist1[2];
            hist[h0] = t0; hist[h1] = t1;

            hist = blockHist + pk.histOfs[3];
            t0 = hist[h0] + hist0[3];
            t1 = hist[h1] + hist1[3];
            hist[h0] = t0; hist[h1] = t1;
        }
#else
        for ( ; k < C4; k++)
        {
            const PixData& pk = _pixData[k];
            const float* a = gradPtr + pk.gradOfs;
            float w, t0, t1, a0 = a[0], a1 = a[1];
            const uchar* h = qanglePtr + pk.qangleOfs;
            int h0 = h[0], h1 = h[1];

            float* hist = blockHist + pk.histOfs[0];
            w = pk.gradWeight*pk.histWeights[0];
            t0 = hist[h0] + a0*w;
            t1 = hist[h1] + a1*w;
            hist[h0] = t0; hist[h1] = t1;

            hist = blockHist + pk.histOfs[1];
            w = pk.gradWeight*pk.histWeights[1];
            t0 = hist[h0] + a0*w;
            t1 = hist[h1] + a1*w;
            hist[h0] = t0; hist[h1] = t1;

            hist = blockHist + pk.histOfs[2];
            w = pk.gradWeight*pk.histWeights[2];
            t0 = hist[h0] + a0*w;
            t1 = hist[h1] + a1*w;
            hist[h0] = t0; hist[h1] = t1;

            hist = blockHist + pk.histOfs[3];
            w = pk.gradWeight*pk.histWeights[3];
            t0 = hist[h0] + a0*w;
            t1 = hist[h1] + a1*w;
            hist[h0] = t0; hist[h1] = t1;
        }
#endif

        normalizeBlockHistogram(blockHist);

        return blockHist;
    }

    void HOGCache::normalizeBlockHistogram(float* _hist) const
    {
        float* hist = &_hist[0], sum = 0.0f, partSum[4];
        size_t i = 0, sz = blockHistogramSize;

#if CV_SIMD128
        v_float32x4 p0 = v_load(hist);
        v_float32x4 s = p0 * p0;

        for (i = 4; i <= sz - 4; i += 4)
        {
            p0 = v_load(hist + i);
            s += p0 * p0;
        }
        v_store(partSum, s);
#else
        partSum[0] = 0.0f;
        partSum[1] = 0.0f;
        partSum[2] = 0.0f;
        partSum[3] = 0.0f;
        for ( ; i <= sz - 4; i += 4)
        {
            partSum[0] += hist[i] * hist[i];
            partSum[1] += hist[i+1] * hist[i+1];
            partSum[2] += hist[i+2] * hist[i+2];
            partSum[3] += hist[i+3] * hist[i+3];
        }
#endif
        float t0 = partSum[0] + partSum[1];
        float t1 = partSum[2] + partSum[3];
        sum = t0 + t1;
        for ( ; i < sz; ++i)
            sum += hist[i]*hist[i];

        float scale = 1.f/(std::sqrt(sum)+sz*0.1f), thresh = (float)descriptor->L2HysThreshold;
        i = 0, sum = 0.0f;

#if CV_SIMD128
        v_float32x4 _scale = v_setall_f32(scale);
        static v_float32x4 _threshold = v_setall_f32(thresh);

        v_float32x4 p = _scale * v_load(hist);
        p = v_min(p, _threshold);
        s = p * p;
        v_store(hist, p);

        for (i = 4; i <= sz - 4; i += 4)
        {
            p = v_load(hist + i);
            p *= _scale;
            p = v_min(p, _threshold);
            s += p * p;
            v_store(hist + i, p);
        }

        v_store(partSum, s);
#else
        partSum[0] = 0.0f;
        partSum[1] = 0.0f;
        partSum[2] = 0.0f;
        partSum[3] = 0.0f;
        for ( ; i <= sz - 4; i += 4)
        {
            hist[i] = std::min(hist[i]*scale, thresh);
            hist[i+1] = std::min(hist[i+1]*scale, thresh);
            hist[i+2] = std::min(hist[i+2]*scale, thresh);
            hist[i+3] = std::min(hist[i+3]*scale, thresh);
            partSum[0] += hist[i]*hist[i];
            partSum[1] += hist[i+1]*hist[i+1];
            partSum[2] += hist[i+2]*hist[i+2];
            partSum[3] += hist[i+3]*hist[i+3];
        }
#endif
        t0 = partSum[0] + partSum[1];
        t1 = partSum[2] + partSum[3];
        sum = t0 + t1;
        for ( ; i < sz; ++i)
        {
            hist[i] = std::min(hist[i]*scale, thresh);
            sum += hist[i]*hist[i];
        }

        scale = 1.f/(std::sqrt(sum)+1e-3f), i = 0;
#if CV_SIMD128
        v_float32x4 _scale2 = v_setall_f32(scale);
        for ( ; i <= sz - 4; i += 4)
        {
            v_float32x4 t = _scale2 * v_load(hist + i);
            v_store(hist + i, t);
        }
#endif
        for ( ; i < sz; ++i)
            hist[i] *= scale;
    }

    Size HOGCache::windowsInImage(const Size& imageSize, const Size& winStride) const
    {
        return Size((imageSize.width - winSize.width)/winStride.width + 1,
                    (imageSize.height - winSize.height)/winStride.height + 1);
    }

    Rect HOGCache::getWindow(const Size& imageSize, const Size& winStride, int idx) const
    {
        int nwindowsX = (imageSize.width - winSize.width)/winStride.width + 1;
        int y = idx / nwindowsX;
        int x = idx - nwindowsX*y;
        return Rect( x*winStride.width, y*winStride.height, winSize.width, winSize.height );
    }

    static inline int gcd(int a, int b)
    {
        if (a < b)
            std::swap(a, b);
        while (b > 0)
        {
            int r = a % b;
            a = b;
            b = r;
        }
        return a;
    }

#ifdef HAVE_OPENCL

    static bool ocl_compute_gradients_8UC1(int height, int width, InputArray _img, float angle_scale,
                                           UMat grad, UMat qangle, bool correct_gamma, int nbins)
    {
        ocl::Kernel k("compute_gradients_8UC1_kernel", ocl::objdetect::objdetect_hog_oclsrc);
        if (k.empty())
            return false;

        UMat img = _img.getUMat();

        size_t localThreads[3] = { NTHREADS, 1, 1 };
        size_t globalThreads[3] = { (size_t)width, (size_t)height, 1 };
        char correctGamma = (correct_gamma) ? 1 : 0;
        int grad_quadstep = (int)grad.step >> 3;
        int qangle_elem_size = CV_ELEM_SIZE1(qangle.type());
        int qangle_step = (int)qangle.step / (2 * qangle_elem_size);

        int idx = 0;
        idx = k.set(idx, height);
        idx = k.set(idx, width);
        idx = k.set(idx, (int)img.step1());
        idx = k.set(idx, grad_quadstep);
        idx = k.set(idx, qangle_step);
        idx = k.set(idx, ocl::KernelArg::PtrReadOnly(img));
        idx = k.set(idx, ocl::KernelArg::PtrWriteOnly(grad));
        idx = k.set(idx, ocl::KernelArg::PtrWriteOnly(qangle));
        idx = k.set(idx, angle_scale);
        idx = k.set(idx, correctGamma);
        idx = k.set(idx, nbins);

        return k.run(2, globalThreads, localThreads, false);
    }

    static bool ocl_computeGradient(InputArray img, UMat grad, UMat qangle, int nbins, Size effect_size, bool gamma_correction, bool signedGradient)
    {
        float angleScale = signedGradient ? (float)(nbins/(2.0*CV_PI)) : (float)(nbins/CV_PI);

        return ocl_compute_gradients_8UC1(effect_size.height, effect_size.width, img,
                                          angleScale, grad, qangle, gamma_correction, nbins);
    }

#define CELL_WIDTH 8
#define CELL_HEIGHT 8
#define CELLS_PER_BLOCK_X 2
#define CELLS_PER_BLOCK_Y 2

    static bool ocl_compute_hists(int nbins, int block_stride_x, int block_stride_y, int height, int width,
                                  UMat grad, UMat qangle, UMat gauss_w_lut, UMat block_hists, size_t block_hist_size)
    {
        ocl::Kernel k("compute_hists_lut_kernel", ocl::objdetect::objdetect_hog_oclsrc);
        if (k.empty())
            return false;
        bool is_cpu = cv::ocl::Device::getDefault().type() == cv::ocl::Device::TYPE_CPU;
        cv::String opts;
        if (is_cpu)
            opts = "-D CPU ";
        else
            opts = cv::format("-D WAVE_SIZE=%d", k.preferedWorkGroupSizeMultiple());
        k.create("compute_hists_lut_kernel", ocl::objdetect::objdetect_hog_oclsrc, opts);
        if (k.empty())
            return false;

        int img_block_width = (width - CELLS_PER_BLOCK_X * CELL_WIDTH + block_stride_x)/block_stride_x;
        int img_block_height = (height - CELLS_PER_BLOCK_Y * CELL_HEIGHT + block_stride_y)/block_stride_y;
        int blocks_total = img_block_width * img_block_height;

        int qangle_elem_size = CV_ELEM_SIZE1(qangle.type());
        int grad_quadstep = (int)grad.step >> 2;
        int qangle_step = (int)qangle.step / qangle_elem_size;

        int blocks_in_group = 4;
        size_t localThreads[3] = { (size_t)blocks_in_group * 24, 2, 1 };
        size_t globalThreads[3] = {((img_block_width * img_block_height + blocks_in_group - 1)/blocks_in_group) * localThreads[0], 2, 1 };

        int hists_size = (nbins * CELLS_PER_BLOCK_X * CELLS_PER_BLOCK_Y * 12) * sizeof(float);
        int final_hists_size = (nbins * CELLS_PER_BLOCK_X * CELLS_PER_BLOCK_Y) * sizeof(float);

        int smem = (hists_size + final_hists_size) * blocks_in_group;

        int idx = 0;
        idx = k.set(idx, block_stride_x);
        idx = k.set(idx, block_stride_y);
        idx = k.set(idx, nbins);
        idx = k.set(idx, (int)block_hist_size);
        idx = k.set(idx, img_block_width);
        idx = k.set(idx, blocks_in_group);
        idx = k.set(idx, blocks_total);
        idx = k.set(idx, grad_quadstep);
        idx = k.set(idx, qangle_step);
        idx = k.set(idx, ocl::KernelArg::PtrReadOnly(grad));
        idx = k.set(idx, ocl::KernelArg::PtrReadOnly(qangle));
        idx = k.set(idx, ocl::KernelArg::PtrReadOnly(gauss_w_lut));
        idx = k.set(idx, ocl::KernelArg::PtrWriteOnly(block_hists));
        idx = k.set(idx, (void*)NULL, (size_t)smem);

        return k.run(2, globalThreads, localThreads, false);
    }

    static int power_2up(unsigned int n)
    {
        for (unsigned int i = 1; i<=1024; i<<=1)
            if (n < i)
                return i;
        return -1; // Input is too big
    }

    static bool ocl_normalize_hists(int nbins, int block_stride_x, int block_stride_y,
                                    int height, int width, UMat block_hists, float threshold)
    {
        int block_hist_size = nbins * CELLS_PER_BLOCK_X * CELLS_PER_BLOCK_Y;
        int img_block_width = (width - CELLS_PER_BLOCK_X * CELL_WIDTH + block_stride_x)
                              / block_stride_x;
        int img_block_height = (height - CELLS_PER_BLOCK_Y * CELL_HEIGHT + block_stride_y)
                               / block_stride_y;
        int nthreads;
        size_t globalThreads[3] = { 1, 1, 1  };
        size_t localThreads[3] = { 1, 1, 1  };

        int idx = 0;
        bool is_cpu = cv::ocl::Device::getDefault().type() == cv::ocl::Device::TYPE_CPU;
        cv::String opts;
        ocl::Kernel k;
        if (nbins == 9)
        {
            k.create("normalize_hists_36_kernel", ocl::objdetect::objdetect_hog_oclsrc, "");
            if (k.empty())
                return false;
            if (is_cpu)
                opts = "-D CPU ";
            else
                opts = cv::format("-D WAVE_SIZE=%d", k.preferedWorkGroupSizeMultiple());
            k.create("normalize_hists_36_kernel", ocl::objdetect::objdetect_hog_oclsrc, opts);
            if (k.empty())
                return false;

            int blocks_in_group = NTHREADS / block_hist_size;
            nthreads = blocks_in_group * block_hist_size;
            int num_groups = (img_block_width * img_block_height + blocks_in_group - 1)/blocks_in_group;
            globalThreads[0] = nthreads * num_groups;
            localThreads[0] = nthreads;
        }
        else
        {
            k.create("normalize_hists_kernel", ocl::objdetect::objdetect_hog_oclsrc, "-D WAVE_SIZE=32");
            if (k.empty())
                return false;
            if (is_cpu)
                opts = "-D CPU ";
            else
                opts = cv::format("-D WAVE_SIZE=%d", k.preferedWorkGroupSizeMultiple());
            k.create("normalize_hists_kernel", ocl::objdetect::objdetect_hog_oclsrc, opts);
            if (k.empty())
                return false;

            nthreads = power_2up(block_hist_size);
            globalThreads[0] = img_block_width * nthreads;
            globalThreads[1] = img_block_height;
            localThreads[0] = nthreads;

            if ((nthreads < 32) || (nthreads > 512))
                return false;

            idx = k.set(idx, nthreads);
            idx = k.set(idx, block_hist_size);
            idx = k.set(idx, img_block_width);
        }
        idx = k.set(idx, ocl::KernelArg::PtrReadWrite(block_hists));
        idx = k.set(idx, threshold);
        idx = k.set(idx, (void*)NULL,  nthreads * sizeof(float));

        return k.run(2, globalThreads, localThreads, false);
    }

    static bool ocl_extract_descrs_by_rows(int win_height, int win_width, int block_stride_y, int block_stride_x, int win_stride_y, int win_stride_x,
                                           int height, int width, UMat block_hists, UMat descriptors,
                                           int block_hist_size, int descr_size, int descr_width)
    {
        ocl::Kernel k("extract_descrs_by_rows_kernel", ocl::objdetect::objdetect_hog_oclsrc);
        if (k.empty())
            return false;

        int win_block_stride_x = win_stride_x / block_stride_x;
        int win_block_stride_y = win_stride_y / block_stride_y;
        int img_win_width = (width - win_width + win_stride_x) / win_stride_x;
        int img_win_height = (height - win_height + win_stride_y) / win_stride_y;
        int img_block_width = (width - CELLS_PER_BLOCK_X * CELL_WIDTH + block_stride_x) /
                              block_stride_x;

        int descriptors_quadstep = (int)descriptors.step >> 2;

        size_t globalThreads[3] = { (size_t)img_win_width * NTHREADS, (size_t)img_win_height, 1 };
        size_t localThreads[3] = { NTHREADS, 1, 1 };

        int idx = 0;
        idx = k.set(idx, block_hist_size);
        idx = k.set(idx, descriptors_quadstep);
        idx = k.set(idx, descr_size);
        idx = k.set(idx, descr_width);
        idx = k.set(idx, img_block_width);
        idx = k.set(idx, win_block_stride_x);
        idx = k.set(idx, win_block_stride_y);
        idx = k.set(idx, ocl::KernelArg::PtrReadOnly(block_hists));
        idx = k.set(idx, ocl::KernelArg::PtrWriteOnly(descriptors));

        return k.run(2, globalThreads, localThreads, false);
    }

    static bool ocl_extract_descrs_by_cols(int win_height, int win_width, int block_stride_y, int block_stride_x, int win_stride_y, int win_stride_x,
                                           int height, int width, UMat block_hists, UMat descriptors,
                                           int block_hist_size, int descr_size, int nblocks_win_x, int nblocks_win_y)
    {
        ocl::Kernel k("extract_descrs_by_cols_kernel", ocl::objdetect::objdetect_hog_oclsrc);
        if (k.empty())
            return false;

        int win_block_stride_x = win_stride_x / block_stride_x;
        int win_block_stride_y = win_stride_y / block_stride_y;
        int img_win_width = (width - win_width + win_stride_x) / win_stride_x;
        int img_win_height = (height - win_height + win_stride_y) / win_stride_y;
        int img_block_width = (width - CELLS_PER_BLOCK_X * CELL_WIDTH + block_stride_x) /
                              block_stride_x;

        int descriptors_quadstep = (int)descriptors.step >> 2;

        size_t globalThreads[3] = { (size_t)img_win_width * NTHREADS, (size_t)img_win_height, 1 };
        size_t localThreads[3] = { NTHREADS, 1, 1 };

        int idx = 0;
        idx = k.set(idx, block_hist_size);
        idx = k.set(idx, descriptors_quadstep);
        idx = k.set(idx, descr_size);
        idx = k.set(idx, nblocks_win_x);
        idx = k.set(idx, nblocks_win_y);
        idx = k.set(idx, img_block_width);
        idx = k.set(idx, win_block_stride_x);
        idx = k.set(idx, win_block_stride_y);
        idx = k.set(idx, ocl::KernelArg::PtrReadOnly(block_hists));
        idx = k.set(idx, ocl::KernelArg::PtrWriteOnly(descriptors));

        return k.run(2, globalThreads, localThreads, false);
    }

    static bool ocl_compute(InputArray _img, Size win_stride, std::vector<float>& _descriptors, int descr_format, Size blockSize,
                            Size cellSize, int nbins, Size blockStride, Size winSize, float sigma, bool gammaCorrection, double L2HysThreshold, bool signedGradient)
    {
        Size imgSize = _img.size();
        Size effect_size = imgSize;

        UMat grad(imgSize, CV_32FC2);
        int qangle_type = ocl::Device::getDefault().isIntel() ? CV_32SC2 : CV_8UC2;
        UMat qangle(imgSize, qangle_type);

        const size_t block_hist_size = getBlockHistogramSize(blockSize, cellSize, nbins);
        const Size blocks_per_img = numPartsWithin(imgSize, blockSize, blockStride);
        UMat block_hists(1, static_cast<int>(block_hist_size * blocks_per_img.area()) + 256, CV_32F);

        Size wins_per_img = numPartsWithin(imgSize, winSize, win_stride);
        UMat labels(1, wins_per_img.area(), CV_8U);

        float scale = 1.f / (2.f * sigma * sigma);
        Mat gaussian_lut(1, 512, CV_32FC1);
        int idx = 0;
        for (int i=-8; i<8; i++)
            for (int j=-8; j<8; j++)
                gaussian_lut.at<float>(idx++) = std::exp(-(j * j + i * i) * scale);
        for (int i=-8; i<8; i++)
            for (int j=-8; j<8; j++)
                gaussian_lut.at<float>(idx++) = (8.f - fabs(j + 0.5f)) * (8.f - fabs(i + 0.5f)) / 64.f;

        if (!ocl_computeGradient(_img, grad, qangle, nbins, effect_size, gammaCorrection, signedGradient))
            return false;

        UMat gauss_w_lut;
        gaussian_lut.copyTo(gauss_w_lut);
        if (!ocl_compute_hists(nbins, blockStride.width, blockStride.height, effect_size.height,
                               effect_size.width, grad, qangle, gauss_w_lut, block_hists, block_hist_size))
            return false;

        if (!ocl_normalize_hists(nbins, blockStride.width, blockStride.height, effect_size.height,
                                 effect_size.width, block_hists, (float)L2HysThreshold))
            return false;

        Size blocks_per_win = numPartsWithin(winSize, blockSize, blockStride);
        wins_per_img = numPartsWithin(effect_size, winSize, win_stride);

        int descr_size = blocks_per_win.area()*(int)block_hist_size;
        int descr_width = (int)block_hist_size*blocks_per_win.width;

        UMat descriptors(wins_per_img.area(), static_cast<int>(blocks_per_win.area() * block_hist_size), CV_32F);
        switch (descr_format)
        {
        case DESCR_FORMAT_ROW_BY_ROW:
            if (!ocl_extract_descrs_by_rows(winSize.height, winSize.width,
                                            blockStride.height, blockStride.width, win_stride.height, win_stride.width, effect_size.height,
                                            effect_size.width, block_hists, descriptors, (int)block_hist_size, descr_size, descr_width))
                return false;
            break;
        case DESCR_FORMAT_COL_BY_COL:
            if (!ocl_extract_descrs_by_cols(winSize.height, winSize.width,
                                            blockStride.height, blockStride.width, win_stride.height, win_stride.width, effect_size.height, effect_size.width,
                                            block_hists, descriptors, (int)block_hist_size, descr_size, blocks_per_win.width, blocks_per_win.height))
                return false;
            break;
        default:
            return false;
        }
        descriptors.reshape(1, (int)descriptors.total()).getMat(ACCESS_READ).copyTo(_descriptors);
        return true;
    }
#endif //HAVE_OPENCL

    void HOGDescriptor::compute(InputArray _img, std::vector<float>& descriptors,
                                Size winStride, Size padding, const std::vector<Point>& locations) const
    {
        CV_INSTRUMENT_REGION();

        if (winStride == Size())
            winStride = cellSize;
        Size cacheStride(gcd(winStride.width, blockStride.width),
                         gcd(winStride.height, blockStride.height));

        Size imgSize = _img.size();

        size_t nwindows = locations.size();
        padding.width = (int)alignSize(std::max(padding.width, 0), cacheStride.width);
        padding.height = (int)alignSize(std::max(padding.height, 0), cacheStride.height);
        Size paddedImgSize(imgSize.width + padding.width*2, imgSize.height + padding.height*2);

        CV_OCL_RUN(_img.dims() <= 2 && _img.type() == CV_8UC1 && _img.isUMat(),
                   ocl_compute(_img, winStride, descriptors, DESCR_FORMAT_COL_BY_COL, blockSize,
                               cellSize, nbins, blockStride, winSize, (float)getWinSigma(), gammaCorrection, L2HysThreshold, signedGradient))

        Mat img = _img.getMat();
        HOGCache cache(this, img, padding, padding, nwindows == 0, cacheStride);

        if (!nwindows)
            nwindows = cache.windowsInImage(paddedImgSize, winStride).area();

        const HOGCache::BlockData* blockData = &cache.blockData[0];

        int nblocks = cache.nblocks.area();
        int blockHistogramSize = cache.blockHistogramSize;
        size_t dsize = getDescriptorSize();
        descriptors.resize(dsize*nwindows);

        // for each window
        for (size_t i = 0; i < nwindows; i++)
        {
            float* descriptor = &descriptors[i*dsize];

            Point pt0;
            if (!locations.empty())
            {
                pt0 = locations[i];
                if (pt0.x < -padding.width || pt0.x > img.cols + padding.width - winSize.width ||
                    pt0.y < -padding.height || pt0.y > img.rows + padding.height - winSize.height)
                    continue;
            }
            else
            {
                pt0 = cache.getWindow(paddedImgSize, winStride, (int)i).tl() - Point(padding);
//            CV_Assert(pt0.x % cacheStride.width == 0 && pt0.y % cacheStride.height == 0);
            }

            for (int j = 0; j < nblocks; j++)
            {
                const HOGCache::BlockData& bj = blockData[j];
                Point pt = pt0 + bj.imgOffset;

                float* dst = descriptor + bj.histOfs;
                const float* src = cache.getBlock(pt, dst);
                if (src != dst)
                    memcpy(dst, src, blockHistogramSize * sizeof(float));
            }
        }
    }

    void HOGDescriptor::detect(const Mat& img,
                               std::vector<Point>& hits, std::vector<double>& weights, double hitThreshold,
                               Size winStride, Size padding, const std::vector<Point>& locations) const
    {
        CV_INSTRUMENT_REGION();

        hits.clear();
        weights.clear();
        if (svmDetector.empty())
            return;

        if (winStride == Size())
            winStride = cellSize;
        Size cacheStride(gcd(winStride.width, blockStride.width),
                         gcd(winStride.height, blockStride.height));

        size_t nwindows = locations.size();
        padding.width = (int)alignSize(std::max(padding.width, 0), cacheStride.width);
        padding.height = (int)alignSize(std::max(padding.height, 0), cacheStride.height);
        Size paddedImgSize(img.cols + padding.width*2, img.rows + padding.height*2);

        HOGCache cache(this, img, padding, padding, nwindows == 0, cacheStride);

        if (!nwindows)
            nwindows = cache.windowsInImage(paddedImgSize, winStride).area();

        const HOGCache::BlockData* blockData = &cache.blockData[0];

        int nblocks = cache.nblocks.area();
        int blockHistogramSize = cache.blockHistogramSize;
        size_t dsize = getDescriptorSize();

        double rho = svmDetector.size() > dsize ? svmDetector[dsize] : 0;
        std::vector<float> blockHist(blockHistogramSize);

#if CV_SIMD128
        float partSum[4];
#endif

        for (size_t i = 0; i < nwindows; i++)
        {
            Point pt0;
            if (!locations.empty())
            {
                pt0 = locations[i];
                if (pt0.x < -padding.width || pt0.x > img.cols + padding.width - winSize.width ||
                    pt0.y < -padding.height || pt0.y > img.rows + padding.height - winSize.height)
                    continue;
            }
            else
            {
                pt0 = cache.getWindow(paddedImgSize, winStride, (int)i).tl() - Point(padding);
                CV_Assert(pt0.x % cacheStride.width == 0 && pt0.y % cacheStride.height == 0);
            }
            double s = rho;
            const float* svmVec = &svmDetector[0];

            int j, k;
            for (j = 0; j < nblocks; j++, svmVec += blockHistogramSize)
            {
                const HOGCache::BlockData& bj = blockData[j];
                Point pt = pt0 + bj.imgOffset;

                const float* vec = cache.getBlock(pt, &blockHist[0]);
#if CV_SIMD128
                v_float32x4 _vec = v_load(vec);
                v_float32x4 _svmVec = v_load(svmVec);
                v_float32x4 sum = _svmVec * _vec;

                for (k = 4; k <= blockHistogramSize - 4; k += 4)
                {
                    _vec = v_load(vec + k);
                    _svmVec = v_load(svmVec + k);

                    sum += _vec * _svmVec;
                }

                v_store(partSum, sum);
                double t0 = partSum[0] + partSum[1];
                double t1 = partSum[2] + partSum[3];
                s += t0 + t1;
#else
                for (k = 0; k <= blockHistogramSize - 4; k += 4)
                    s += vec[k]*svmVec[k] + vec[k+1]*svmVec[k+1] +
                         vec[k+2]*svmVec[k+2] + vec[k+3]*svmVec[k+3];
#endif
                for ( ; k < blockHistogramSize; k++)
                    s += vec[k]*svmVec[k];
            }
            if (s >= hitThreshold)
            {
                hits.push_back(pt0);
                weights.push_back(s);
            }
        }
    }

    void HOGDescriptor::detect(const Mat& img, std::vector<Point>& hits, double hitThreshold,
                               Size winStride, Size padding, const std::vector<Point>& locations) const
    {
        CV_INSTRUMENT_REGION();

        std::vector<double> weightsV;
        detect(img, hits, weightsV, hitThreshold, winStride, padding, locations);
    }

    class HOGInvoker :
        public ParallelLoopBody
    {
    public:
        HOGInvoker( const HOGDescriptor* _hog, const Mat& _img,
                    double _hitThreshold, const Size& _winStride, const Size& _padding,
                    const double* _levelScale, std::vector<Rect> * _vec, Mutex* _mtx,
                    std::vector<double>* _weights=0, std::vector<double>* _scales=0 )
        {
            hog = _hog;
            img = _img;
            hitThreshold = _hitThreshold;
            winStride = _winStride;
            padding = _padding;
            levelScale = _levelScale;
            vec = _vec;
            weights = _weights;
            scales = _scales;
            mtx = _mtx;
        }

        void operator()(const Range& range) const CV_OVERRIDE
        {
            int i, i1 = range.start, i2 = range.end;
            double minScale = i1 > 0 ? levelScale[i1] : i2 > 1 ? levelScale[i1+1] : std::max(img.cols, img.rows);
            Size maxSz(cvCeil(img.cols/minScale), cvCeil(img.rows/minScale));
            Mat smallerImgBuf(maxSz, img.type());
            std::vector<Point> locations;
            std::vector<double> hitsWeights;

            for (i = i1; i < i2; i++)
            {
                double scale = levelScale[i];
                Size sz(cvRound(img.cols/scale), cvRound(img.rows/scale));
                Mat smallerImg(sz, img.type(), smallerImgBuf.ptr());
                if (sz == img.size())
                    smallerImg = Mat(sz, img.type(), img.data, img.step);
                else
                    resize(img, smallerImg, sz, 0, 0, INTER_LINEAR_EXACT);
                hog->detect(smallerImg, locations, hitsWeights, hitThreshold, winStride, padding);
                Size scaledWinSize = Size(cvRound(hog->winSize.width*scale), cvRound(hog->winSize.height*scale));

                mtx->lock();
                for (size_t j = 0; j < locations.size(); j++)
                {
                    vec->push_back(Rect(cvRound(locations[j].x*scale),
                                        cvRound(locations[j].y*scale),
                                        scaledWinSize.width, scaledWinSize.height));
                    if (scales)
                        scales->push_back(scale);
                }
                mtx->unlock();

                if (weights && (!hitsWeights.empty()))
                {
                    mtx->lock();
                    for (size_t j = 0; j < locations.size(); j++)
                        weights->push_back(hitsWeights[j]);
                    mtx->unlock();
                }
            }
        }

    private:
        const HOGDescriptor* hog;
        Mat img;
        double hitThreshold;
        Size winStride;
        Size padding;
        const double* levelScale;
        std::vector<Rect>* vec;
        std::vector<double>* weights;
        std::vector<double>* scales;
        Mutex* mtx;
    };

#ifdef HAVE_OPENCL

    static bool ocl_classify_hists(int win_height, int win_width, int block_stride_y, int block_stride_x,
                                   int win_stride_y, int win_stride_x, int height, int width,
                                   const UMat& block_hists, UMat detector,
                                   float free_coef, float threshold, UMat& labels, Size descr_size, int block_hist_size)
    {
        int nthreads;
        bool is_cpu = cv::ocl::Device::getDefault().type() == cv::ocl::Device::TYPE_CPU;
        cv::String opts;

        ocl::Kernel k;
        int idx = 0;
        switch (descr_size.width)
        {
        case 180:
            nthreads = 180;
            k.create("classify_hists_180_kernel", ocl::objdetect::objdetect_hog_oclsrc, "-D WAVE_SIZE=32");
            if (k.empty())
                return false;
            if (is_cpu)
                opts = "-D CPU ";
            else
                opts = cv::format("-D WAVE_SIZE=%d", k.preferedWorkGroupSizeMultiple());
            k.create("classify_hists_180_kernel", ocl::objdetect::objdetect_hog_oclsrc, opts);
            if (k.empty())
                return false;
            idx = k.set(idx, descr_size.width);
            idx = k.set(idx, descr_size.height);
            break;

        case 252:
            nthreads = 256;
            k.create("classify_hists_252_kernel", ocl::objdetect::objdetect_hog_oclsrc, "-D WAVE_SIZE=32");
            if (k.empty())
                return false;
            if (is_cpu)
                opts = "-D CPU ";
            else
                opts = cv::format("-D WAVE_SIZE=%d", k.preferedWorkGroupSizeMultiple());
            k.create("classify_hists_252_kernel", ocl::objdetect::objdetect_hog_oclsrc, opts);
            if (k.empty())
                return false;
            idx = k.set(idx, descr_size.width);
            idx = k.set(idx, descr_size.height);
            break;

        default:
            nthreads = 256;
            k.create("classify_hists_kernel", ocl::objdetect::objdetect_hog_oclsrc, "-D WAVE_SIZE=32");
            if (k.empty())
                return false;
            if (is_cpu)
                opts = "-D CPU ";
            else
                opts = cv::format("-D WAVE_SIZE=%d", k.preferedWorkGroupSizeMultiple());
            k.create("classify_hists_kernel", ocl::objdetect::objdetect_hog_oclsrc, opts);
            if (k.empty())
                return false;
            idx = k.set(idx, descr_size.area());
            idx = k.set(idx, descr_size.height);
        }

        int win_block_stride_x = win_stride_x / block_stride_x;
        int win_block_stride_y = win_stride_y / block_stride_y;
        int img_win_width = (width - win_width + win_stride_x) / win_stride_x;
        int img_win_height = (height - win_height + win_stride_y) / win_stride_y;
        int img_block_width = (width - CELLS_PER_BLOCK_X * CELL_WIDTH + block_stride_x) /
                              block_stride_x;

        size_t globalThreads[3] = { (size_t)img_win_width * nthreads, (size_t)img_win_height, 1 };
        size_t localThreads[3] = { (size_t)nthreads, 1, 1 };

        idx = k.set(idx, block_hist_size);
        idx = k.set(idx, img_win_width);
        idx = k.set(idx, img_block_width);
        idx = k.set(idx, win_block_stride_x);
        idx = k.set(idx, win_block_stride_y);
        idx = k.set(idx, ocl::KernelArg::PtrReadOnly(block_hists));
        idx = k.set(idx, ocl::KernelArg::PtrReadOnly(detector));
        idx = k.set(idx, free_coef);
        idx = k.set(idx, threshold);
        idx = k.set(idx, ocl::KernelArg::PtrWriteOnly(labels));

        return k.run(2, globalThreads, localThreads, false);
    }

    static bool ocl_detect(InputArray img, std::vector<Point> &hits, double hit_threshold, Size win_stride,
                           const UMat& oclSvmDetector, Size blockSize, Size cellSize, int nbins, Size blockStride, Size winSize,
                           bool gammaCorrection, double L2HysThreshold, float sigma, float free_coef, bool signedGradient)
    {
        hits.clear();
        if (oclSvmDetector.empty())
            return false;

        Size imgSize = img.size();
        Size effect_size = imgSize;
        UMat grad(imgSize, CV_32FC2);
        int qangle_type = ocl::Device::getDefault().isIntel() ? CV_32SC2 : CV_8UC2;
        UMat qangle(imgSize, qangle_type);

        const size_t block_hist_size = getBlockHistogramSize(blockSize, cellSize, nbins);
        const Size blocks_per_img = numPartsWithin(imgSize, blockSize, blockStride);
        UMat block_hists(1, static_cast<int>(block_hist_size * blocks_per_img.area()) + 256, CV_32F);

        Size wins_per_img = numPartsWithin(imgSize, winSize, win_stride);
        UMat labels(1, wins_per_img.area(), CV_8U);

        float scale = 1.f / (2.f * sigma * sigma);
        Mat gaussian_lut(1, 512, CV_32FC1);
        int idx = 0;
        for (int i=-8; i<8; i++)
            for (int j=-8; j<8; j++)
                gaussian_lut.at<float>(idx++) = std::exp(-(j * j + i * i) * scale);
        for (int i=-8; i<8; i++)
            for (int j=-8; j<8; j++)
                gaussian_lut.at<float>(idx++) = (8.f - fabs(j + 0.5f)) * (8.f - fabs(i + 0.5f)) / 64.f;

        if (!ocl_computeGradient(img, grad, qangle, nbins, effect_size, gammaCorrection, signedGradient))
            return false;

        UMat gauss_w_lut;
        gaussian_lut.copyTo(gauss_w_lut);
        if (!ocl_compute_hists(nbins, blockStride.width, blockStride.height, effect_size.height,
                               effect_size.width, grad, qangle, gauss_w_lut, block_hists, block_hist_size))
            return false;

        if (!ocl_normalize_hists(nbins, blockStride.width, blockStride.height, effect_size.height,
                                 effect_size.width, block_hists, (float)L2HysThreshold))
            return false;

        Size blocks_per_win = numPartsWithin(winSize, blockSize, blockStride);

        Size descr_size((int)block_hist_size*blocks_per_win.width, blocks_per_win.height);

        if (!ocl_classify_hists(winSize.height, winSize.width, blockStride.height,
                                blockStride.width, win_stride.height, win_stride.width,
                                effect_size.height, effect_size.width, block_hists, oclSvmDetector,
                                free_coef, (float)hit_threshold, labels, descr_size, (int)block_hist_size))
            return false;

        Mat labels_host = labels.getMat(ACCESS_READ);
        unsigned char *vec = labels_host.ptr();
        for (int i = 0; i < wins_per_img.area(); i++)
        {
            int y = i / wins_per_img.width;
            int x = i - wins_per_img.width * y;
            if (vec[i])
            {
                hits.push_back(Point(x * win_stride.width, y * win_stride.height));
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    static bool ocl_detectMultiScale(InputArray _img, std::vector<Rect> &found_locations, std::vector<double>& level_scale,
                                     double hit_threshold, Size win_stride, double group_threshold,
                                     const UMat& oclSvmDetector, Size blockSize, Size cellSize,
                                     int nbins, Size blockStride, Size winSize, bool gammaCorrection,
                                     double L2HysThreshold, float sigma, float free_coef, bool signedGradient)
    {
        std::vector<Rect> all_candidates;
        std::vector<Point> locations;
        UMat image_scale;
        Size imgSize = _img.size();
        image_scale.create(imgSize, _img.type());

        for (size_t i = 0; i<level_scale.size(); i++)
        {
            double scale = level_scale[i];
            Size effect_size = Size(cvRound(imgSize.width / scale), cvRound(imgSize.height / scale));
            if (effect_size == imgSize)
            {
                if (!ocl_detect(_img, locations, hit_threshold, win_stride, oclSvmDetector, blockSize, cellSize, nbins,
                                blockStride, winSize, gammaCorrection, L2HysThreshold, sigma, free_coef, signedGradient))
                    return false;
            }
            else
            {
                resize(_img, image_scale, effect_size, 0, 0, INTER_LINEAR_EXACT);
                if (!ocl_detect(image_scale, locations, hit_threshold, win_stride, oclSvmDetector, blockSize, cellSize, nbins,
                                blockStride, winSize, gammaCorrection, L2HysThreshold, sigma, free_coef, signedGradient))
                    return false;
            }
            Size scaled_win_size(cvRound(winSize.width * scale),
                                 cvRound(winSize.height * scale));
            for (size_t j = 0; j < locations.size(); j++)
                all_candidates.push_back(Rect(Point2d(locations[j]) * scale, scaled_win_size));
        }
        found_locations.assign(all_candidates.begin(), all_candidates.end());
        groupRectangles(found_locations, (int)group_threshold, 0.2);
        clipObjects(imgSize, found_locations, 0, 0);

        return true;
    }
#endif //HAVE_OPENCL

    void HOGDescriptor::detectMultiScale(
        InputArray _img, std::vector<Rect>& foundLocations, std::vector<double>& foundWeights,
        double hitThreshold, Size winStride, Size padding,
        double scale0, double finalThreshold, bool useMeanshiftGrouping) const
    {
        CV_INSTRUMENT_REGION();

        double scale = 1.;
        int levels = 0;

        Size imgSize = _img.size();
        std::vector<double> levelScale;
        for (levels = 0; levels < nlevels; levels++)
        {
            levelScale.push_back(scale);
            if (cvRound(imgSize.width/scale) < winSize.width ||
                cvRound(imgSize.height/scale) < winSize.height ||
                scale0 <= 1)
                break;
            scale *= scale0;
        }
        levels = std::max(levels, 1);
        levelScale.resize(levels);

        if (winStride == Size())
            winStride = blockStride;

        CV_OCL_RUN(_img.dims() <= 2 && _img.type() == CV_8UC1 && scale0 > 1 && winStride.width % blockStride.width == 0 &&
                   winStride.height % blockStride.height == 0 && padding == Size(0,0) && _img.isUMat(),
                   ocl_detectMultiScale(_img, foundLocations, levelScale, hitThreshold, winStride, finalThreshold, oclSvmDetector,
                                        blockSize, cellSize, nbins, blockStride, winSize, gammaCorrection, L2HysThreshold, (float)getWinSigma(), free_coef, signedGradient));

        std::vector<Rect> allCandidates;
        std::vector<double> tempScales;
        std::vector<double> tempWeights;
        std::vector<double> foundScales;

        Mutex mtx;
        Mat img = _img.getMat();
        Range range(0, (int)levelScale.size());
        HOGInvoker invoker(this, img, hitThreshold, winStride, padding, &levelScale[0], &allCandidates, &mtx, &tempWeights, &tempScales);
        parallel_for_(range, invoker);

        std::copy(tempScales.begin(), tempScales.end(), back_inserter(foundScales));
        foundLocations.clear();
        std::copy(allCandidates.begin(), allCandidates.end(), back_inserter(foundLocations));
        foundWeights.clear();
        std::copy(tempWeights.begin(), tempWeights.end(), back_inserter(foundWeights));

        if (useMeanshiftGrouping)
            groupRectangles_meanshift(foundLocations, foundWeights, foundScales, finalThreshold, winSize);
        else
            groupRectangles(foundLocations, foundWeights, (int)finalThreshold, 0.2);
        clipObjects(imgSize, foundLocations, 0, &foundWeights);
    }

    void HOGDescriptor::detectMultiScale(InputArray img, std::vector<Rect>& foundLocations,
                                         double hitThreshold, Size winStride, Size padding,
                                         double scale0, double finalThreshold, bool useMeanshiftGrouping) const
    {
        CV_INSTRUMENT_REGION();

        std::vector<double> foundWeights;
        detectMultiScale(img, foundLocations, foundWeights, hitThreshold, winStride,
                         padding, scale0, finalThreshold, useMeanshiftGrouping);
    }

    template<typename _ClsName> struct RTTIImpl
    {
    public:
        static int isInstance(const void* ptr)
        {
            static _ClsName dummy;
            static void* dummyp = &dummy;
            union
            {
                const void* p;
                const void** pp;
            } a, b;
            a.p = dummyp;
            b.p = ptr;
            return *a.pp == *b.pp;
        }
        static void release(void** dbptr)
        {
            if (dbptr && *dbptr)
            {
                delete (_ClsName*)*dbptr;
                *dbptr = 0;
            }
        }
        static void* read(CvFileStorage* fs, CvFileNode* n)
        {
            FileNode fn(fs, n);
            _ClsName* obj = new _ClsName;
            if (obj->read(fn))
                return obj;
            delete obj;
            return 0;
        }

        static void write(CvFileStorage* _fs, const char* name, const void* ptr, CvAttrList)
        {
            if (ptr && _fs)
            {
                FileStorage fs(_fs, false);
                ((const _ClsName*)ptr)->write(fs, String(name));
            }
        }

        static void* clone(const void* ptr)
        {
            if (!ptr)
                return 0;
            return new _ClsName(*(const _ClsName*)ptr);
        }
    };

    typedef RTTIImpl<HOGDescriptor> HOGRTTI;

    CvType hog_type( CV_TYPE_NAME_HOG_DESCRIPTOR, HOGRTTI::isInstance,
                     HOGRTTI::release, HOGRTTI::read, HOGRTTI::write, HOGRTTI::clone);

    std::vector<float> HOGDescriptor::getDefaultPeopleDetector()
    {
        static const float detector[] = {
            0.05359386f, -0.14721455f, -0.05532170f, 0.05077307f,
            0.11547081f, -0.04268804f, 0.04635834f, -0.05468199f, 0.08232084f,
            0.10424068f, -0.02294518f, 0.01108519f, 0.01378693f, 0.11193510f,
            0.01268418f, 0.08528346f, -0.06309239f, 0.13054633f, 0.08100729f,
            -0.05209739f, -0.04315529f, 0.09341384f, 0.11035026f, -0.07596218f,
            -0.05517511f, -0.04465296f, 0.02947334f, 0.04555536f,
            -3.55954492e-003f, 0.07818956f, 0.07730991f, 0.07890715f, 0.06222893f,
            0.09001380f, -0.03574381f, 0.03414327f, 0.05677258f, -0.04773581f,
            0.03746637f, -0.03521175f, 0.06955440f, -0.03849038f, 0.01052293f,
            0.01736112f, 0.10867710f, 0.08748853f, 3.29739624e-003f, 0.10907028f,
            0.07913758f, 0.10393070f, 0.02091867f, 0.11594022f, 0.13182420f,
            0.09879354f, 0.05362710f, -0.06745391f, -7.01260753e-003f,
            5.24702156e-003f, 0.03236255f, 0.01407916f, 0.02207983f, 0.02537322f,
            0.04547948f, 0.07200756f, 0.03129894f, -0.06274468f, 0.02107014f,
            0.06035208f, 0.08636236f, 4.53164103e-003f, 0.02193363f, 0.02309801f,
            0.05568166f, -0.02645093f, 0.04448695f, 0.02837519f, 0.08975694f,
            0.04461516f, 0.08975355f, 0.07514391f, 0.02306982f, 0.10410084f,
            0.06368385f, 0.05943464f, 4.58420580e-003f, 0.05220337f, 0.06675851f,
            0.08358569f, 0.06712101f, 0.06559004f, -0.03930482f, -9.15936660e-003f,
            -0.05897915f, 0.02816453f, 0.05032348f, 0.06780671f, 0.03377650f,
            -6.09417039e-004f, -0.01795146f, -0.03083684f, -0.01302475f,
            -0.02972313f, 7.88706727e-003f, -0.03525961f, -2.50397739e-003f,
            0.05245084f, 0.11791293f, -0.02167498f, 0.05299332f, 0.06640524f,
            0.05190265f, -8.27316567e-003f, 0.03033127f, 0.05842173f,
            -4.01050318e-003f, -6.25105947e-003f, 0.05862958f, -0.02465461f,
            0.05546781f, -0.08228195f, -0.07234028f, 0.04640540f, -0.01308254f,
            -0.02506191f, 0.03100746f, -0.04665651f, -0.04591486f, 0.02949927f,
            0.06035462f, 0.02244646f, -0.01698639f, 0.01040041f, 0.01131170f,
            0.05419579f, -0.02130277f, -0.04321722f, -0.03665198f, 0.01126490f,
            -0.02606488f, -0.02228328f, -0.02255680f, -0.03427236f,
            -7.75165204e-003f, -0.06195229f, 8.21638294e-003f, 0.09535975f,
            -0.03709979f, -0.06942501f, 0.14579427f, -0.05448192f, -0.02055904f,
            0.05747357f, 0.02781788f, -0.07077577f, -0.05178314f, -0.10429011f,
            -0.11235505f, 0.07529039f, -0.07559302f, -0.08786739f, 0.02983843f,
            0.02667585f, 0.01382199f, -0.01797496f, -0.03141199f, -0.02098101f,
            0.09029204f, 0.04955018f, 0.13718739f, 0.11379953f, 1.80019124e-003f,
            -0.04577610f, -1.11108483e-003f, -0.09470536f, -0.11596080f,
            0.04489342f, 0.01784211f, 3.06850672e-003f, 0.10781866f,
            3.36498418e-003f, -0.10842580f, -0.07436839f, -0.10535070f,
            -0.01866805f, 0.16057891f, -5.07316366e-003f, -0.04295658f,
            -5.90488780e-003f, 8.82003549e-003f, -0.01492646f, -0.05029279f,
            -0.12875880f, 8.78831954e-004f, -0.01297184f, -0.07592774f,
            -0.02668831f, -6.93787413e-004f, 0.02406698f, -0.01773298f,
            -0.03855745f, -0.05877856f, 0.03259695f, 0.12826584f, 0.06292590f,
            -4.10733931e-003f, 0.10996531f, 0.01332991f, 0.02088735f, 0.04037504f,
            -0.05210760f, 0.07760046f, 0.06399347f, -0.05751930f, -0.10053057f,
            0.07505023f, -0.02139782f, 0.01796176f, 2.34400877e-003f, -0.04208319f,
            0.07355055f, 0.05093350f, -0.02996780f, -0.02219072f, 0.03355330f,
            0.04418742f, -0.05580705f, -0.05037573f, -0.04548179f, 0.01379514f,
            0.02150671f, -0.02194211f, -0.13682702f, 0.05464972f, 0.01608082f,
            0.05309116f, 0.04701022f, 1.33690401e-003f, 0.07575664f, 0.09625306f,
            8.92647635e-003f, -0.02819123f, 0.10866830f, -0.03439325f,
            -0.07092371f, -0.06004780f, -0.02712298f, -7.07467366e-003f,
            -0.01637020f, 0.01336790f, -0.10313606f, 0.04906582f, -0.05732445f,
            -0.02731079f, 0.01042235f, -0.08340668f, 0.03686501f, 0.06108340f,
            0.01322748f, -0.07809529f, 0.03774724f, -0.03413248f, -0.06096525f,
            -0.04212124f, -0.07982176f, -1.25973229e-003f, -0.03045501f,
            -0.01236493f, -0.06312395f, 0.04789570f, -0.04602066f, 0.08576570f,
            0.02521080f, 0.02988098f, 0.10314583f, 0.07060035f, 0.04520544f,
            -0.04426654f, 0.13146530f, 0.08386490f, 0.02164590f, -2.12280243e-003f,
            -0.03686353f, -0.02074944f, -0.03829959f, -0.01530596f, 0.02689708f,
            0.11867401f, -0.06043470f, -0.02785023f, -0.04775074f, 0.04878745f,
            0.06350956f, 0.03494788f, 0.01467400f, 1.17890188e-003f, 0.04379614f,
            2.03681854e-003f, -0.03958609f, -0.01072688f, 6.43705716e-003f,
            0.02996500f, -0.03418507f, -0.01960307f, -0.01219154f,
            -4.37000440e-003f, -0.02549453f, 0.02646318f, -0.01632513f,
            6.46516960e-003f, -0.01929734f, 4.78711911e-003f, 0.04962371f,
            0.03809111f, 0.07265724f, 0.05758125f, -0.03741554f, 0.01648608f,
            -8.45285598e-003f, 0.03996826f, -0.08185477f, 0.02638875f,
            -0.04026615f, -0.02744674f, -0.04071517f, 1.05096330e-003f,
            -0.04741232f, -0.06733172f, 8.70434940e-003f, -0.02192543f,
            1.35350740e-003f, -0.03056974f, -0.02975521f, -0.02887780f,
            -0.01210713f, -0.04828526f, -0.09066251f, -0.09969629f, -0.03665164f,
            -8.88111943e-004f, -0.06826669f, -0.01866150f, -0.03627640f,
            -0.01408288f, 0.01874239f, -0.02075835f, 0.09145175f, -0.03547291f,
            0.05396780f, 0.04198981f, 0.01301925f, -0.03384354f, -0.12201976f,
            0.06830920f, -0.03715654f, 9.55848210e-003f, 5.05685573e-003f,
            0.05659294f, 3.90764466e-003f, 0.02808490f, -0.05518097f, -0.03711621f,
            -0.02835565f, -0.04420464f, -0.01031947f, 0.01883466f,
            -8.49525444e-003f, -0.09419250f, -0.01269387f, -0.02133371f,
            -0.10190815f, -0.07844430f, 2.43644323e-003f, -4.09610150e-003f,
            0.01202551f, -0.06452291f, -0.10593818f, -0.02464746f, -0.02199699f,
            -0.07401930f, 0.07285886f, 8.87513801e-004f, 9.97662079e-003f,
            8.46779719e-003f, 0.03730333f, -0.02905126f, 0.03573337f, -0.04393689f,
            -0.12014472f, 0.03176554f, -2.76015815e-003f, 0.10824566f, 0.05090732f,
            -3.30179278e-003f, -0.05123822f, 5.04784798e-003f, -0.05664124f,
            -5.99415926e-003f, -0.05341901f, -0.01221393f, 0.01291318f,
            9.91760660e-003f, -7.56987557e-003f, -0.06193124f, -2.24549137e-003f,
            0.01987562f, -0.02018840f, -0.06975540f, -0.06601523f, -0.03349112f,
            -0.08910118f, -0.03371435f, -0.07406893f, -0.02248047f, -0.06159951f,
            2.77751544e-003f, -0.05723337f, -0.04792468f, 0.07518548f,
            2.77279224e-003f, 0.04211938f, 0.03100502f, 0.05278448f, 0.03954679f,
            -0.03006846f, -0.03851741f, -0.02792403f, -0.02875333f, 0.01531280f,
            0.02186953f, -0.01989829f, 2.50679464e-003f, -0.10258728f,
            -0.04785743f, -0.02887216f, 3.85063468e-003f, 0.01112236f,
            8.29218887e-003f, -0.04822981f, -0.04503597f, -0.03713100f,
            -0.06988008f, -0.11002295f, -2.69209221e-003f, 1.85383670e-003f,
            -0.05921049f, -0.06105053f, -0.08458050f, -0.04527602f,
            8.90329306e-004f, -0.05875023f, -2.68602883e-003f, -0.01591195f,
            0.03631859f, 0.05493166f, 0.07300330f, 5.53333294e-003f, 0.06400407f,
            0.01847740f, -5.76280477e-003f, -0.03210877f, 4.25160583e-003f,
            0.01166520f, -1.44864211e-003f, 0.02253744f, -0.03367080f, 0.06983195f,
            -4.22323542e-003f, -8.89401045e-003f, -0.07943393f, 0.05199728f,
            0.06065201f, 0.04133492f, 1.44032843e-003f, -0.09585235f, -0.03964731f,
            0.04232114f, 0.01750465f, -0.04487902f, -7.59733608e-003f, 0.02011171f,
            0.04673622f, 0.09011173f, -0.07869188f, -0.04682482f, -0.05080139f,
            -3.99383716e-003f, -0.05346331f, 0.01085723f, -0.03599333f,
            -0.07097908f, 0.03551549f, 0.02680387f, 0.03471529f, 0.01790393f,
            0.05471273f, 9.62048303e-003f, -0.03180215f, 0.05864431f, 0.02330614f,
            0.01633144f, -0.05616681f, -0.10245429f, -0.08302189f, 0.07291322f,
            -0.01972590f, -0.02619633f, -0.02485327f, -0.04627592f,
            1.48853404e-003f, 0.05514185f, -0.01270860f, -0.01948900f, 0.06373586f,
            0.05002292f, -0.03009798f, 8.76216311e-003f, -0.02474238f,
            -0.05504891f, 1.74034527e-003f, -0.03333667f, 0.01524987f, 0.11663762f,
            -1.32344989e-003f, -0.06608453f, 0.05687166f, -6.89525274e-004f,
            -0.04402352f, 0.09450210f, -0.04222684f, -0.05360983f, 0.01779531f,
            0.02561388f, -0.11075410f, -8.77790991e-003f, -0.01099504f,
            -0.10380266f, 0.03103457f, -0.02105741f, -0.07371717f, 0.05146710f,
            0.10581432f, -0.08617968f, -0.02892107f, 0.01092199f, 0.14551543f,
            -2.24320893e-003f, -0.05818033f, -0.07390742f, 0.05701261f,
            0.12937020f, -0.04986651f, 0.10182415f, 0.05028650f, 0.12515625f,
            0.09175041f, 0.06404983f, 0.01523394f, 0.09460562f, 0.06106631f,
            -0.14266998f, -0.02926703f, 0.02762171f, 0.02164151f,
            -9.58488265e-004f, -0.04231362f, -0.09866509f, 0.04322244f,
            0.05872034f, -0.04838847f, 0.06319253f, 0.02443798f, -0.03606876f,
            9.38737206e-003f, 0.04289991f, -0.01027411f, 0.08156885f, 0.08751175f,
            -0.13191354f, 8.16054735e-003f, -0.01452161f, 0.02952677f, 0.03615945f,
            -2.09128903e-003f, 0.02246693f, 0.09623287f, 0.09412123f, -0.02924758f,
            -0.07815186f, -0.02203079f, -2.02566991e-003f, 0.01094733f,
            -0.01442332f, 0.02838561f, 0.11882371f, 7.28798332e-003f, -0.10345965f,
            0.07561217f, -0.02049661f, 4.44177445e-003f, 0.01609347f, -0.04893158f,
            -0.08758243f, -7.67420698e-003f, 0.08862378f, 0.06098121f, 0.06565887f,
            7.32981879e-003f, 0.03558407f, -0.03874352f, -0.02490055f,
            -0.06771075f, 0.09939223f, -0.01066077f, 0.01382995f, -0.07289080f,
            7.47184316e-003f, 0.10621431f, -0.02878659f, 0.02383525f, -0.03274646f,
            0.02137008f, 0.03837290f, 0.02450992f, -0.04296818f, -0.02895143f,
            0.05327370f, 0.01499020f, 0.04998732f, 0.12938657f, 0.09391870f,
            0.04292390f, -0.03359194f, -0.06809492f, 0.01125796f, 0.17290455f,
            -0.03430733f, -0.06255233f, -0.01813114f, 0.11726857f, -0.06127599f,
            -0.08677909f, -0.03429872f, 0.04684938f, 0.08161420f, 0.03538774f,
            0.01833884f, 0.11321855f, 0.03261845f, -0.04826299f, 0.01752407f,
            -0.01796414f, -0.10464549f, -3.30041884e-003f, 2.29343961e-004f,
            0.01457292f, -0.02132982f, -0.02602923f, -9.87351313e-003f,
            0.04273872f, -0.02103316f, -0.07994065f, 0.02614958f, -0.02111666f,
            -0.06964913f, -0.13453490f, -0.06861878f, -6.09341264e-003f,
            0.08251446f, 0.15612499f, 2.46531400e-003f, 8.88424646e-003f,
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            -0.01778995f, -0.03258888f, -0.08180822f, -0.08492987f, 0.02290156f,
            -0.11368170f, -0.03554465f, -0.04533844f, -0.02861580f, 0.06782424f,
            0.01113123f, 0.02453644f, 0.12721945f, 0.08084814f, -0.03607795f,
            0.01109122f, 0.04803548f, -0.03489929f, 0.03399536f, -0.05682014f,
            8.59533902e-003f, -4.27904585e-003f, 0.03230887f, -0.01300198f,
            -0.01038137f, -0.07930113f, 8.33097473e-003f, 0.02296994f,
            -0.01306500f, -0.01881626f, 0.04413369f, 0.05729880f, -0.03761553f,
            0.01942326f, 1.64540811e-003f, -0.03811319f, 0.04190650f, -0.14978096f,
            -0.04514487f, 0.01209545f, -5.46460645e-003f, -0.01647195f,
            7.63064111e-003f, -0.07494587f, 0.08415288f, 0.10020141f, -0.01228561f,
            0.06553826f, 0.04554005f, 0.07890417f, 0.03041138f, 0.01752007f,
            0.09208256f, -3.74419295e-004f, 0.10549527f, 0.04686913f, 0.01894833f,
            -0.02651412f, -4.34682379e-003f, 5.44942822e-003f, 0.01444484f,
            0.05882156f, -0.03336544f, 0.04603891f, -0.10432546f, 0.01923928f,
            0.01842845f, -0.01712168f, -0.02222766f, 0.04693324f, -0.06202956f,
            -0.01422159f, 0.08732220f, -0.07706107f, 0.02661049f, -0.04300238f,
            -0.03092422f, -0.03552184f, -0.01886088f, -0.04979934f, 0.03906401f,
            0.04608644f, 0.04966111f, 0.04275464f, -0.04621769f, -0.02653212f,
            8.57011229e-003f, 0.03839684f, 0.05818764f, 0.03880796f,
            -2.76100676e-004f, 0.03076511f, -0.03266929f, -0.05374557f,
            0.04986527f, -9.45429131e-003f, 0.03582499f, -2.64564669e-003f,
            -1.07461517e-003f, 0.02962313f, -0.01483363f, 0.03060869f, 0.02448327f,
            0.01845641f, 0.03282966f, -0.03534438f, -0.01084059f, -0.01119136f,
            -1.85360224e-003f, -5.94652840e-004f, -0.04451817f, 2.98327743e-003f,
            0.06272484f, -0.02152076f, -3.05971340e-003f, -0.05070828f,
            0.01531762f, 0.01282815f, 0.05167150f, 9.46266949e-003f,
            -3.34558333e-003f, 0.11442288f, -0.03906701f, -2.67325155e-003f,
            0.03069184f, -0.01134165f, 0.02949462f, 0.02879886f, 0.03855566f,
            -0.03450781f, 0.09142872f, -0.02156654f, 0.06075062f, -0.06220816f,
            0.01944680f, 6.68372354e-003f, -0.06656796f, 8.70784000e-003f,
            0.03456013f, 0.02434320f, -0.13236357f, -0.04177035f, -0.02069627f,
            0.01068112f, 0.01505432f, -0.07517391f, -3.83571628e-003f,
            -0.06298508f, -0.02881260f, -0.13101046f, -0.07221562f,
            -5.79945277e-003f, -8.57300125e-003f, 0.03782469f, 0.02762164f,
            0.04942456f, -0.02936396f, 0.09597211f, 0.01921411f, 0.06101191f,
            -0.04787507f, -0.01379578f, -7.40224449e-003f, -0.02220136f,
            -0.01313756f, 7.77558051e-003f, 0.12296968f, 0.02939998f, 0.03594062f,
            -0.07788624f, -0.01133144f, 3.99316690e-004f, -0.06090347f,
            -0.01122066f, -4.68682544e-003f, 0.07633100f, -0.06748922f,
            -0.05640298f, -0.05265681f, -0.01139122f, -0.01624347f, -0.04715714f,
            -0.01099092f, 0.01048561f, 3.28499987e-003f, -0.05810167f,
            -0.07699911f, -0.03330683f, 0.04185145f, 0.03478536f, 0.02275165f,
            0.02304766f, 6.66040834e-003f, 0.10968148f, -5.93013782e-003f,
            -0.04858336f, -0.04203213f, -0.09316786f, -6.13074889e-003f,
            -0.02544625f, 0.01366201f, 9.18555818e-003f, -0.01846578f,
            -0.05622401f, -0.03989377f, -0.07810296f, 6.91275718e-003f,
            0.05957597f, -0.03901334f, 0.01572002f, -0.01193903f,
            -6.89400872e-003f, -0.03093356f, -0.04136098f, -0.01562869f,
            -0.04604580f, 0.02865234f, -0.08678447f, -0.03232484f, -0.05364593f,
            -0.01445016f, -0.07003860f, -0.08669746f, -0.04520775f, 0.04274122f,
            0.03117515f, 0.08175703f, 0.01081109f, 0.06379741f, 0.06199206f,
            0.02865988f, 0.02360346f, 0.06725410f, -0.03248780f, -9.37702879e-003f,
            0.08265898f, -0.02245839f, 0.05125763f, -0.01862395f, 0.01973453f,
            -0.01994494f, -0.10770868f, 0.03180375f, 3.23935156e-003f,
            -0.02142080f, -0.04256190f, 0.04760900f, 0.04282863f, 0.05635953f,
            -0.01870849f, 0.05540622f, -0.03042666f, 0.01455277f, -0.06630179f,
            -0.05843807f, -0.03739681f, -0.09739155f, -0.03220233f, -0.05620182f,
            -0.10381401f, 0.07400211f, 4.20676917e-003f, 0.03258535f,
            2.14308966e-003f, 0.05121966f, -0.01274337f, 0.02384761f, 0.06335578f,
            -0.07905591f, 0.08375625f, -0.07898903f, -0.06508528f, -0.02498444f,
            0.06535810f, 0.03970535f, 0.04895468f, -0.01169566f, -0.03980601f,
            0.05682293f, 0.05925463f, -0.01165808f, -0.07936699f, -0.04208954f,
            0.01333987f, 0.09051196f, 0.10098671f, -0.03974256f, 0.01238771f,
            -0.07501741f, -0.03655440f, -0.04301528f, 0.09216860f,
            4.63579083e-004f, 0.02851115f, 0.02142735f, 1.28244064e-004f,
            0.02879687f, -0.08554889f, -0.04838862f, 0.08135369f, -0.05756533f,
            0.01413900f, 0.03451880f, -0.06619488f, -0.03053130f, 0.02961676f,
            -0.07384635f, 0.01135692f, 0.05283910f, -0.07778034f, -0.02107482f,
            -0.05511716f, -0.13473752f, 0.03030157f, 0.06722020f, -0.06218817f,
            -0.05826827f, 0.06254654f, 0.02895772f, -0.01664000f, -0.03620280f,
            -0.01612278f, -1.46097376e-003f, 0.14013411f, -8.96181818e-003f,
            -0.03250246f, 3.38630192e-003f, 2.64779478e-003f, 0.03359732f,
            -0.02411991f, -0.04229729f, 0.10666174f, -6.66579151f };
        return std::vector<float>(detector, detector + sizeof(detector)/sizeof(detector[0]));
    }

// This function renurn 1981 SVM coeffs obtained from daimler's base.
// To use these coeffs the detection window size should be (48,96)
    std::vector<float> HOGDescriptor::getDaimlerPeopleDetector()
    {
        static const float detector[] = {
            0.294350f, -0.098796f, -0.129522f, 0.078753f,
            0.387527f, 0.261529f, 0.145939f, 0.061520f,
            0.328699f, 0.227148f, -0.066467f, -0.086723f,
            0.047559f, 0.106714f, 0.037897f, 0.111461f,
            -0.024406f, 0.304769f, 0.254676f, -0.069235f,
            0.082566f, 0.147260f, 0.326969f, 0.148888f,
            0.055270f, -0.087985f, 0.261720f, 0.143442f,
            0.026812f, 0.238212f, 0.194020f, 0.056341f,
            -0.025854f, -0.034444f, -0.156631f, 0.205174f,
            0.089008f, -0.139811f, -0.100147f, -0.037830f,
            -0.029230f, -0.055641f, 0.033248f, -0.016512f,
            0.155244f, 0.247315f, -0.124694f, -0.048414f,
            -0.062219f, 0.193683f, 0.004574f, 0.055089f,
            0.093565f, 0.167712f, 0.167581f, 0.018895f,
            0.215258f, 0.122609f, 0.090520f, -0.067219f,
            -0.049029f, -0.099615f, 0.241804f, -0.094893f,
            -0.176248f, 0.001727f, -0.134473f, 0.104442f,
            0.050942f, 0.081165f, 0.072156f, 0.121646f,
            0.002656f, -0.297974f, -0.133587f, -0.060121f,
            -0.092515f, -0.048974f, -0.084754f, -0.180111f,
            -0.038590f, 0.086283f, -0.134636f, -0.107249f,
            0.132890f, 0.141556f, 0.249425f, 0.130273f,
            -0.030031f, 0.073212f, -0.008155f, 0.019931f,
            0.071688f, 0.000300f, -0.019525f, -0.021725f,
            -0.040993f, -0.086841f, 0.070124f, 0.240033f,
            0.265350f, 0.043208f, 0.166754f, 0.091453f,
            0.060916f, -0.036972f, -0.091043f, 0.079873f,
            0.219781f, 0.158102f, -0.140618f, -0.043016f,
            0.124802f, 0.093668f, 0.103208f, 0.094872f,
            0.080541f, 0.137711f, 0.160566f, -0.169231f,
            0.013983f, 0.309508f, -0.004217f, -0.057200f,
            -0.064489f, 0.014066f, 0.361009f, 0.251328f,
            -0.080983f, -0.044183f, 0.061436f, -0.037381f,
            -0.078786f, 0.030993f, 0.066314f, 0.037683f,
            0.152325f, -0.091683f, 0.070203f, 0.217856f,
            0.036435f, -0.076462f, 0.006254f, -0.094431f,
            0.154829f, -0.023038f, -0.196961f, -0.024594f,
            0.178465f, -0.050139f, -0.045932f, -0.000965f,
            0.109112f, 0.046165f, -0.159373f, -0.008713f,
            0.041307f, 0.097129f, -0.057211f, -0.064599f,
            0.077165f, 0.176167f, 0.138322f, 0.065753f,
            -0.104950f, 0.017933f, 0.136255f, -0.011598f,
            0.047007f, 0.080550f, 0.068619f, 0.084661f,
            -0.035493f, -0.091314f, -0.041411f, 0.060971f,
            -0.101912f, -0.079870f, -0.085977f, -0.022686f,
            0.079788f, -0.098064f, -0.054603f, 0.040383f,
            0.300794f, 0.128603f, 0.094844f, 0.047407f,
            0.101825f, 0.061832f, -0.162160f, -0.204553f,
            -0.035165f, 0.101450f, -0.016641f, -0.027140f,
            -0.134392f, -0.008743f, 0.102331f, 0.114853f,
            0.009644f, 0.062823f, 0.237339f, 0.167843f,
            0.053066f, -0.012592f, 0.043158f, 0.002305f,
            0.065001f, -0.038929f, -0.020356f, 0.152343f,
            0.043469f, -0.029967f, -0.042948f, 0.032481f,
            0.068488f, -0.110840f, -0.111083f, 0.111980f,
            -0.002072f, -0.005562f, 0.082926f, 0.006635f,
            -0.108153f, 0.024242f, -0.086464f, -0.189884f,
            -0.017492f, 0.191456f, -0.007683f, -0.128769f,
            -0.038017f, -0.132380f, 0.091926f, 0.079696f,
            -0.106728f, -0.007656f, 0.172744f, 0.011576f,
            0.009883f, 0.083258f, -0.026516f, 0.145534f,
            0.153924f, -0.130290f, -0.108945f, 0.124490f,
            -0.003186f, -0.100485f, 0.015024f, -0.060512f,
            0.026288f, -0.086713f, -0.169012f, 0.076517f,
            0.215778f, 0.043701f, -0.131642f, -0.012585f,
            -0.045181f, -0.118183f, -0.241544f, -0.167293f,
            -0.020107f, -0.019917f, -0.101827f, -0.107096f,
            -0.010503f, 0.044938f, 0.189680f, 0.217119f,
            -0.046086f, 0.044508f, 0.199716f, -0.036004f,
            -0.148927f, 0.013355f, -0.078279f, 0.030451f,
            0.056301f, -0.024609f, 0.083224f, 0.099533f,
            -0.039432f, -0.138880f, 0.005482f, -0.024120f,
            -0.140468f, -0.066381f, -0.017057f, 0.009260f,
            -0.058004f, -0.028486f, -0.061610f, 0.007483f,
            -0.158309f, -0.150687f, -0.044595f, -0.105121f,
            -0.045763f, -0.006618f, -0.024419f, -0.117713f,
            -0.119366f, -0.175941f, -0.071542f, 0.119027f,
            0.111362f, 0.043080f, 0.034889f, 0.093003f,
            0.007842f, 0.057368f, -0.108834f, -0.079968f,
            0.230959f, 0.020205f, 0.011470f, 0.098877f,
            0.101310f, -0.030215f, -0.018018f, -0.059552f,
            -0.106157f, 0.021866f, -0.036471f, 0.080051f,
            0.041165f, -0.082101f, 0.117726f, 0.030961f,
            -0.054763f, -0.084102f, -0.185778f, -0.061305f,
            -0.038089f, -0.110728f, -0.264010f, 0.076675f,
            -0.077111f, -0.137644f, 0.036232f, 0.277995f,
            0.019116f, 0.107738f, 0.144003f, 0.080304f,
            0.215036f, 0.228897f, 0.072713f, 0.077773f,
            0.120168f, 0.075324f, 0.062730f, 0.122478f,
            -0.049008f, 0.164912f, 0.162450f, 0.041246f,
            0.009891f, -0.097827f, -0.038700f, -0.023027f,
            -0.120020f, 0.203364f, 0.248474f, 0.149810f,
            -0.036276f, -0.082814f, -0.090343f, -0.027143f,
            -0.075689f, -0.320310f, -0.000500f, -0.143334f,
            -0.065077f, -0.186936f, 0.129372f, 0.116431f,
            0.181699f, 0.170436f, 0.418854f, 0.460045f,
            0.333719f, 0.230515f, 0.047822f, -0.044954f,
            -0.068086f, 0.140179f, -0.044821f, 0.085550f,
            0.092483f, -0.107296f, -0.130670f, -0.206629f,
            0.114601f, -0.317869f, -0.076663f, 0.038680f,
            0.212753f, -0.016059f, -0.126526f, -0.163602f,
            0.210154f, 0.099887f, -0.126366f, 0.118453f,
            0.019309f, -0.021611f, -0.096499f, -0.111809f,
            -0.200489f, 0.142854f, 0.228840f, -0.353346f,
            -0.179151f, 0.116834f, 0.252389f, -0.031728f,
            -0.188135f, -0.158998f, 0.386523f, 0.122315f,
            0.209944f, 0.394023f, 0.359030f, 0.260717f,
            0.170335f, 0.013683f, -0.142596f, -0.026138f,
            -0.011878f, -0.150519f, 0.047159f, -0.107062f,
            -0.147347f, -0.187689f, -0.186027f, -0.208048f,
            0.058468f, -0.073026f, -0.236556f, -0.079788f,
            -0.146216f, -0.058563f, -0.101361f, -0.071294f,
            -0.071093f, 0.116919f, 0.234304f, 0.306781f,
            0.321866f, 0.240000f, 0.073261f, -0.012173f,
            0.026479f, 0.050173f, 0.166127f, 0.228955f,
            0.061905f, 0.156460f, 0.205990f, 0.120672f,
            0.037350f, 0.167884f, 0.290099f, 0.420900f,
            -0.012601f, 0.189839f, 0.306378f, 0.118383f,
            -0.095598f, -0.072360f, -0.132496f, -0.224259f,
            -0.126021f, 0.022714f, 0.284039f, 0.051369f,
            -0.000927f, -0.058735f, -0.083354f, -0.141254f,
            -0.187578f, -0.202669f, 0.048902f, 0.246597f,
            0.441863f, 0.342519f, 0.066979f, 0.215286f,
            0.188191f, -0.072240f, -0.208142f, -0.030196f,
            0.178141f, 0.136985f, -0.043374f, -0.181098f,
            0.091815f, 0.116177f, -0.126690f, -0.386625f,
            0.368165f, 0.269149f, -0.088042f, -0.028823f,
            0.092961f, 0.024099f, 0.046112f, 0.176756f,
            0.135849f, 0.124955f, 0.195467f, -0.037218f,
            0.167217f, 0.188938f, 0.053528f, -0.066561f,
            0.133721f, -0.070565f, 0.115898f, 0.152435f,
            -0.116993f, -0.110592f, -0.179005f, 0.026668f,
            0.080530f, 0.075084f, -0.070401f, 0.012497f,
            0.021849f, -0.139764f, -0.022020f, -0.096301f,
            -0.064954f, -0.127446f, -0.013806f, -0.108315f,
            0.156285f, 0.149867f, -0.011382f, 0.064532f,
            0.029168f, 0.027393f, 0.069716f, 0.153735f,
            0.038459f, 0.230714f, 0.253840f, 0.059522f,
            -0.045053f, 0.014083f, 0.071103f, 0.068747f,
            0.095887f, 0.005832f, 0.144887f, 0.026357f,
            -0.067359f, -0.044151f, -0.123283f, -0.019911f,
            0.005318f, 0.109208f, -0.003201f, -0.021734f,
            0.142025f, -0.066907f, -0.120070f, -0.188639f,
            0.012472f, -0.048704f, -0.012366f, -0.184828f,
            0.168591f, 0.267166f, 0.058208f, -0.044101f,
            0.033500f, 0.178558f, 0.104550f, 0.122418f,
            0.080177f, 0.173246f, 0.298537f, 0.064173f,
            0.053397f, 0.174341f, 0.230984f, 0.117025f,
            0.166242f, 0.227781f, 0.120623f, 0.176952f,
            -0.011393f, -0.086483f, -0.008270f, 0.051700f,
            -0.153369f, -0.058837f, -0.057639f, -0.060115f,
            0.026349f, -0.160745f, -0.037894f, -0.048575f,
            0.041052f, -0.022112f, 0.060365f, 0.051906f,
            0.162657f, 0.138519f, -0.050185f, -0.005938f,
            0.071301f, 0.127686f, 0.062342f, 0.144400f,
            0.072600f, 0.198436f, 0.246219f, -0.078185f,
            -0.036169f, 0.075934f, 0.047328f, -0.013601f,
            0.087205f, 0.019900f, 0.022606f, -0.015365f,
            -0.092506f, 0.075275f, -0.116375f, 0.050500f,
            0.045118f, 0.166567f, 0.072073f, 0.060371f,
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            0.216548f, -0.034908f, -0.017851f, -0.088144f,
            0.007530f, 0.240268f, 0.073270f, 0.013263f,
            0.175323f, 0.012082f, 0.093993f, 0.015282f,
            0.105854f, 0.107990f, 0.077798f, -0.096166f,
            -0.079607f, 0.177820f, 0.142392f, 0.033337f,
            -0.078100f, -0.081616f, -0.046993f, 0.139459f,
            0.020272f, -0.123161f, 0.175269f, 0.105217f,
            0.057328f, 0.080909f, -0.012612f, -0.097081f,
            0.082060f, -0.096716f, -0.063921f, 0.201884f,
            0.128166f, -0.035051f, -0.032227f, -0.068139f,
            -0.115915f, 0.095080f, -0.086007f, -0.067543f,
            0.030776f, 0.032712f, 0.088937f, 0.054336f,
            -0.039329f, -0.114022f, 0.171672f, -0.112321f,
            -0.217646f, 0.065186f, 0.060223f, 0.192174f,
            0.055580f, -0.131107f, -0.144338f, 0.056730f,
            -0.034707f, -0.081616f, -0.135298f, -0.000614f,
            0.087189f, 0.014614f, 0.067709f, 0.107689f,
            0.225780f, 0.084361f, -0.008544f, 0.051649f,
            -0.048369f, -0.037739f, -0.060710f, 0.002654f,
            0.016935f, 0.085563f, -0.015961f, -0.019265f,
            0.111788f, 0.062376f, 0.202019f, 0.047713f,
            0.042261f, 0.069716f, 0.242913f, 0.021052f,
            -0.072812f, -0.155920f, -0.026436f, 0.035621f,
            -0.079300f, -0.028787f, -0.048329f, 0.084718f,
            -0.060565f, -0.083750f, -0.164075f, -0.040742f,
            -0.086219f, 0.015271f, -0.005204f, -0.016038f,
            0.045816f, -0.050433f, -0.077652f, 0.117109f,
            0.009611f, -0.009045f, -0.008634f, -0.055373f,
            -0.085968f, 0.028527f, -0.054736f, -0.168089f,
            0.175839f, 0.071205f, -0.023603f, 0.037907f,
            -0.004561f, -0.022634f, 0.123831f, 0.094469f,
            -0.072920f, -0.133642f, -0.014032f, -0.142754f,
            -0.026999f, -0.199409f, 0.013268f, 0.226989f,
            0.048650f, -0.170988f, -0.050141f, 0.007880f,
            0.061880f, 0.019078f, -0.043578f, -0.038139f,
            0.134814f, 0.054097f, -0.081670f, 0.176838f,
            0.047920f, -0.038176f, 0.050406f, -0.107181f,
            -0.036279f, 0.027060f, 0.081594f, -0.002820f,
            0.090507f, -0.033338f, -0.059571f, 0.013404f,
            -0.099860f, 0.073371f, 0.342805f, 0.098305f,
            -0.150910f, -0.020822f, -0.056960f, 0.046262f,
            -0.043413f, -0.149405f, -0.129105f, -0.010899f,
            -0.014229f, -0.179949f, -0.113044f, -0.049468f,
            -0.065513f, 0.090269f, -0.011919f, 0.087846f,
            0.095796f, 0.146127f, 0.101599f, 0.078066f,
            -0.084348f, -0.100002f, -0.020134f, -0.050169f,
            0.062122f, 0.014640f, 0.019143f, 0.036543f,
            0.180924f, -0.013976f, -0.066768f, -0.001090f,
            -0.070419f, -0.004839f, -0.001504f, 0.034483f,
            -0.044954f, -0.050336f, -0.088638f, -0.174782f,
            -0.116082f, -0.205507f, 0.015587f, -0.042839f,
            -0.096879f, -0.144097f, -0.050268f, -0.196796f,
            0.109639f, 0.271411f, 0.173732f, 0.108070f,
            0.156437f, 0.124255f, 0.097242f, 0.238693f,
            0.083941f, 0.109105f, 0.223940f, 0.267188f,
            0.027385f, 0.025819f, 0.125070f, 0.093738f,
            0.040353f, 0.038645f, -0.012730f, 0.144063f,
            0.052931f, -0.009138f, 0.084193f, 0.160272f,
            -0.041366f, 0.011951f, -0.121446f, -0.106713f,
            -0.047566f, 0.047984f, -0.255224f, -0.076116f,
            0.098685f, -0.150845f, -0.171513f, -0.156590f,
            0.058331f, 0.187493f, 0.413018f, 0.554265f,
            0.372242f, 0.237943f, 0.124571f, 0.110829f,
            0.010322f, -0.174477f, -0.067627f, -0.001979f,
            0.142913f, 0.040597f, 0.019907f, 0.025963f,
            -0.043585f, -0.120732f, 0.099937f, 0.091059f,
            0.247307f, 0.204226f, -0.042753f, -0.068580f,
            -0.119002f, 0.026722f, 0.034853f, -0.060934f,
            -0.025054f, -0.093026f, -0.035372f, -0.233209f,
            -0.049869f, -0.039151f, -0.022279f, -0.065380f,
            -9.063785f};
        return std::vector<float>(detector, detector + sizeof(detector)/sizeof(detector[0]));
    }

    class HOGConfInvoker :
        public ParallelLoopBody
    {
    public:
        HOGConfInvoker( const HOGDescriptor* _hog, const Mat& _img,
                        double _hitThreshold, const Size& _padding,
                        std::vector<DetectionROI>* locs,
                        std::vector<Rect>* _vec, Mutex* _mtx )
        {
            hog = _hog;
            img = _img;
            hitThreshold = _hitThreshold;
            padding = _padding;
            locations = locs;
            vec = _vec;
            mtx = _mtx;
        }

        void operator()(const Range& range) const CV_OVERRIDE
        {
            CV_INSTRUMENT_REGION();

            int i, i1 = range.start, i2 = range.end;

            Size maxSz(cvCeil(img.cols/(*locations)[0].scale), cvCeil(img.rows/(*locations)[0].scale));
            Mat smallerImgBuf(maxSz, img.type());
            std::vector<Point> dets;

            for (i = i1; i < i2; i++)
            {
                double scale = (*locations)[i].scale;

                Size sz(cvRound(img.cols / scale), cvRound(img.rows / scale));
                Mat smallerImg(sz, img.type(), smallerImgBuf.ptr());

                if (sz == img.size())
                    smallerImg = Mat(sz, img.type(), img.data, img.step);
                else
                    resize(img, smallerImg, sz, 0, 0, INTER_LINEAR_EXACT);

                hog->detectROI(smallerImg, (*locations)[i].locations, dets, (*locations)[i].confidences, hitThreshold, Size(), padding);
                Size scaledWinSize = Size(cvRound(hog->winSize.width*scale), cvRound(hog->winSize.height*scale));
                mtx->lock();
                for (size_t j = 0; j < dets.size(); j++)
                    vec->push_back(Rect(cvRound(dets[j].x*scale),
                                        cvRound(dets[j].y*scale),
                                        scaledWinSize.width, scaledWinSize.height));
                mtx->unlock();
            }
        }

        const HOGDescriptor* hog;
        Mat img;
        double hitThreshold;
        std::vector<DetectionROI>* locations;
        Size padding;
        std::vector<Rect>* vec;
        Mutex* mtx;
    };

    void HOGDescriptor::detectROI(const cv::Mat& img, const std::vector<cv::Point> &locations,
                                  CV_OUT std::vector<cv::Point>& foundLocations, CV_OUT std::vector<double>& confidences,
                                  double hitThreshold, cv::Size winStride, cv::Size padding) const
    {
        CV_INSTRUMENT_REGION();

        foundLocations.clear();
        confidences.clear();

        if (svmDetector.empty() || locations.empty())
            return;

        if (winStride == Size())
            winStride = cellSize;
        Size cacheStride(gcd(winStride.width, blockStride.width),
                         gcd(winStride.height, blockStride.height));

        size_t nwindows = locations.size();
        padding.width = (int)alignSize(std::max(padding.width, 0), cacheStride.width);
        padding.height = (int)alignSize(std::max(padding.height, 0), cacheStride.height);
        Size paddedImgSize(img.cols + padding.width*2, img.rows + padding.height*2);

        // HOGCache cache(this, img, padding, padding, nwindows == 0, cacheStride);
        HOGCache cache(this, img, padding, padding, true, cacheStride);
        if (!nwindows)
            nwindows = cache.windowsInImage(paddedImgSize, winStride).area();

        const HOGCache::BlockData* blockData = &cache.blockData[0];

        int nblocks = cache.nblocks.area();
        int blockHistogramSize = cache.blockHistogramSize;
        size_t dsize = getDescriptorSize();

        double rho = svmDetector.size() > dsize ? svmDetector[dsize] : 0;
        std::vector<float> blockHist(blockHistogramSize);

#if CV_SIMD128
        float partSum[4];
#endif

        for (size_t i = 0; i < nwindows; i++)
        {
            Point pt0;
            pt0 = locations[i];
            if (pt0.x < -padding.width || pt0.x > img.cols + padding.width - winSize.width ||
                pt0.y < -padding.height || pt0.y > img.rows + padding.height - winSize.height)
            {
                // out of image
                confidences.push_back(-10.0);
                continue;
            }

            double s = rho;
            const float* svmVec = &svmDetector[0];
            int j, k;

            for (j = 0; j < nblocks; j++, svmVec += blockHistogramSize)
            {
                const HOGCache::BlockData& bj = blockData[j];
                Point pt = pt0 + bj.imgOffset;

                // need to divide this into 4 parts!
                const float* vec = cache.getBlock(pt, &blockHist[0]);
#if CV_SIMD128
                v_float32x4 _vec = v_load(vec);
                v_float32x4 _svmVec = v_load(svmVec);
                v_float32x4 sum = _svmVec * _vec;

                for (k = 4; k <= blockHistogramSize - 4; k += 4)
                {
                    _vec = v_load(vec + k);
                    _svmVec = v_load(svmVec + k);

                    sum += _vec * _svmVec;
                }

                v_store(partSum, sum);

                double t0 = partSum[0] + partSum[1];
                double t1 = partSum[2] + partSum[3];
                s += t0 + t1;
#else
                for (k = 0; k <= blockHistogramSize - 4; k += 4)
                    s += vec[k]*svmVec[k] + vec[k+1]*svmVec[k+1] +
                         vec[k+2]*svmVec[k+2] + vec[k+3]*svmVec[k+3];
#endif
                for ( ; k < blockHistogramSize; k++)
                    s += vec[k]*svmVec[k];
            }
            confidences.push_back(s);

            if (s >= hitThreshold)
                foundLocations.push_back(pt0);
        }
    }

    void HOGDescriptor::detectMultiScaleROI(const cv::Mat& img,
                                            CV_OUT std::vector<cv::Rect>& foundLocations, std::vector<DetectionROI>& locations,
                                            double hitThreshold, int groupThreshold) const
    {
        CV_INSTRUMENT_REGION();

        std::vector<Rect> allCandidates;
        Mutex mtx;

        parallel_for_(Range(0, (int)locations.size()),
                      HOGConfInvoker(this, img, hitThreshold, Size(8, 8),
                                     &locations, &allCandidates, &mtx));

        foundLocations.resize(allCandidates.size());
        std::copy(allCandidates.begin(), allCandidates.end(), foundLocations.begin());
        cv::groupRectangles(foundLocations, groupThreshold, 0.2);
    }

    void HOGDescriptor::readALTModel(String modelfile)
    {
        // read model from SVMlight format..
        FILE *modelfl;
        if ((modelfl = fopen(modelfile.c_str(), "rb")) == NULL)
        {
            String eerr("file not exist");
            String efile(__FILE__);
            String efunc(__FUNCTION__);
            throw Exception(Error::StsError, eerr, efile, efunc, __LINE__);
        }
        char version_buffer[10];
        if (!fread (&version_buffer,sizeof(char),10,modelfl))
        {
            String eerr("version?");
            String efile(__FILE__);
            String efunc(__FUNCTION__);
            fclose(modelfl);

            throw Exception(Error::StsError, eerr, efile, efunc, __LINE__);
        }
        if (strcmp(version_buffer,"V6.01")) {
            String eerr("version does not match");
            String efile(__FILE__);
            String efunc(__FUNCTION__);
            fclose(modelfl);

            throw Exception(Error::StsError, eerr, efile, efunc, __LINE__);
        }
        /* read version number */
        int version = 0;
        if (!fread (&version,sizeof(int),1,modelfl))
        {
            fclose(modelfl);
            throw Exception();
        }
        if (version < 200)
        {
            String eerr("version does not match");
            String efile(__FILE__);
            String efunc(__FUNCTION__);
            fclose(modelfl);
            throw Exception();
        }
        int kernel_type;
        size_t nread;
        nread=fread(&(kernel_type),sizeof(int),1,modelfl);

        {// ignore these
            int poly_degree;
            nread=fread(&(poly_degree),sizeof(int),1,modelfl);

            double rbf_gamma;
            nread=fread(&(rbf_gamma),sizeof(double), 1, modelfl);
            double coef_lin;
            nread=fread(&(coef_lin),sizeof(double),1,modelfl);
            double coef_const;
            nread=fread(&(coef_const),sizeof(double),1,modelfl);
            int l;
            nread=fread(&l,sizeof(int),1,modelfl);
            CV_Assert(l >= 0 && l < 0xFFFF);
            char* custom = new char[l];
            nread=fread(custom,sizeof(char),l,modelfl);
            delete[] custom;
        }
        int totwords;
        nread=fread(&(totwords),sizeof(int),1,modelfl);
        {// ignore these
            int totdoc;
            nread=fread(&(totdoc),sizeof(int),1,modelfl);
            int sv_num;
            nread=fread(&(sv_num), sizeof(int),1,modelfl);
        }

        double linearbias;
        nread=fread(&linearbias, sizeof(double), 1, modelfl);

        std::vector<float> detector;
        detector.clear();
        if (kernel_type == 0) { /* linear kernel */
            /* save linear wts also */
            CV_Assert(totwords + 1 > 0 && totwords < 0xFFFF);
            double *linearwt = new double[totwords+1];
            int length = totwords;
            nread = fread(linearwt, sizeof(double), totwords + 1, modelfl);
            if (nread != static_cast<size_t>(length) + 1) {
                delete[] linearwt;
                fclose(modelfl);
                throw Exception();
            }

            for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
                detector.push_back((float)linearwt[i]);

            detector.push_back((float)-linearbias);
            setSVMDetector(detector);
            delete[] linearwt;
        } else {
            fclose(modelfl);
            throw Exception();
        }
        fclose(modelfl);
    }

    void HOGDescriptor::groupRectangles(std::vector<cv::Rect>& rectList, std::vector<double>& weights, int groupThreshold, double eps) const
    {
        CV_INSTRUMENT_REGION();

        if (groupThreshold <= 0 || rectList.empty())
        {
            return;
        }

        CV_Assert(rectList.size() == weights.size());

        std::vector<int> labels;
        int nclasses = partition(rectList, labels, SimilarRects(eps));

        std::vector<cv::Rect_<double>> rrects(nclasses);
        std::vector<int> numInClass(nclasses, 0);
        std::vector<double> foundWeights(nclasses, -std::numeric_limits<double>::max());
        int i, j, nlabels = (int)labels.size();

        for (i = 0; i < nlabels; i++)
        {
            int cls = labels[i];
            rrects[cls].x += rectList[i].x;
            rrects[cls].y += rectList[i].y;
            rrects[cls].width += rectList[i].width;
            rrects[cls].height += rectList[i].height;
            foundWeights[cls] = max(foundWeights[cls], weights[i]);
            numInClass[cls]++;
        }

        for (i = 0; i < nclasses; i++)
        {
            // find the average of all ROI in the cluster
            cv::Rect_<double> r = rrects[i];
            double s = 1.0/numInClass[i];
            rrects[i] = cv::Rect_<double>(cv::saturate_cast<double>(r.x*s),
                                          cv::saturate_cast<double>(r.y*s),
                                          cv::saturate_cast<double>(r.width*s),
                                          cv::saturate_cast<double>(r.height*s));
        }

        rectList.clear();
        weights.clear();

        for (i = 0; i < nclasses; i++)
        {
            cv::Rect r1 = rrects[i];
            int n1 = numInClass[i];
            double w1 = foundWeights[i];
            if (n1 <= groupThreshold)
                continue;
            // filter out small rectangles inside large rectangles
            for (j = 0; j < nclasses; j++)
            {
                int n2 = numInClass[j];

                if (j == i || n2 <= groupThreshold)
                    continue;

                cv::Rect r2 = rrects[j];

                int dx = cv::saturate_cast<int>( r2.width * eps );
                int dy = cv::saturate_cast<int>( r2.height * eps );

                if (r1.x >= r2.x - dx &&
                    r1.y >= r2.y - dy &&
                    r1.x + r1.width <= r2.x + r2.width + dx &&
                    r1.y + r1.height <= r2.y + r2.height + dy &&
                    (n2 > std::max(3, n1) || n1 < 3))
                    break;
            }

            if (j == nclasses)
            {
                rectList.push_back(r1);
                weights.push_back(w1);
            }
        }
    }
}