602 lines
26 KiB
C++
602 lines
26 KiB
C++
/*
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* Cppcheck - A tool for static C/C++ code analysis
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* Copyright (C) 2007-2012 Daniel Marjamäki and Cppcheck team.
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*
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* This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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* the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
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* (at your option) any later version.
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*
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* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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* GNU General Public License for more details.
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*
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* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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* along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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*/
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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#include "checkio.h"
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#include "tokenize.h"
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#include "token.h"
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#include "errorlogger.h"
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#include "symboldatabase.h"
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#include <cctype>
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// Register CheckIO..
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namespace {
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CheckIO instance;
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}
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// std::cout << std::cout;
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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void CheckIO::checkCoutCerrMisusage()
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{
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bool firstCout = false;
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for (const Token *tok = _tokenizer->tokens(); tok; tok = tok->next()) {
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if (tok->str() == "(")
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tok = tok->link();
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if (Token::Match(tok, "std :: cout|cerr")) {
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if (firstCout && tok->strAt(-1) == "<<" && tok->strAt(3) != ".") {
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coutCerrMisusageError(tok, tok->strAt(2));
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firstCout = false;
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} else if (tok->strAt(3) == "<<")
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firstCout = true;
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} else if (firstCout && tok->str() == ";")
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firstCout = false;
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}
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}
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void CheckIO::coutCerrMisusageError(const Token* tok, const std::string& streamName)
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{
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reportError(tok, Severity::error, "coutCerrMisusage", "Invalid usage of output stream: '<< std::" + streamName + "'.");
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}
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// fflush(stdin) <- fflush only applies to output streams in ANSI C
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// fread(); fwrite(); <- consecutive read/write statements require repositioning inbetween
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// fopen("","r"); fwrite(); <- write to read-only file (or vice versa)
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// fclose(); fread(); <- Use closed file
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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enum OpenMode {CLOSED, READ_MODE, WRITE_MODE, RW_MODE, UNKNOWN};
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static OpenMode getMode(const std::string& str)
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{
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if (str.find('+', 1) != std::string::npos)
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return RW_MODE;
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else if (str.find('w') != std::string::npos || str.find('a') != std::string::npos)
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return WRITE_MODE;
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else if (str.find('r') != std::string::npos)
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return READ_MODE;
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return UNKNOWN;
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}
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struct Filepointer {
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OpenMode mode;
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unsigned int mode_indent;
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enum Operation {NONE, UNIMPORTANT, READ, WRITE, POSITIONING, OPEN, CLOSE, UNKNOWN_OP} lastOperation;
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unsigned int op_indent;
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Filepointer(OpenMode mode_ = UNKNOWN)
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: mode(mode_), mode_indent(0), lastOperation(NONE), op_indent(0) {
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}
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};
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void CheckIO::checkFileUsage()
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{
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static const char* _whitelist[] = {
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"clearerr", "feof", "ferror", "fgetpos", "ftell", "setbuf", "setvbuf", "ungetc"
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};
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static const std::set<std::string> whitelist(_whitelist, _whitelist + sizeof(_whitelist)/sizeof(*_whitelist));
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std::map<unsigned int, Filepointer> filepointers;
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const SymbolDatabase* symbolDatabase = _tokenizer->getSymbolDatabase();
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unsigned int varListSize = symbolDatabase->getVariableListSize();
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for (unsigned int i = 1; i < varListSize; i++) {
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const Variable* var = symbolDatabase->getVariableFromVarId(i);
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if (!var || !var->varId() || !Token::Match(var->typeStartToken(), "FILE *"))
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continue;
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if (var->isLocal())
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filepointers.insert(std::make_pair(var->varId(), Filepointer(CLOSED)));
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else {
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filepointers.insert(std::make_pair(var->varId(), Filepointer(UNKNOWN)));
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// TODO: If all fopen calls we find open the file in the same type, we can set Filepointer::mode
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}
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}
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unsigned int indent = 0;
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for (const Token* tok = _tokenizer->list.front(); tok; tok = tok->next()) {
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if (tok->str() == "{")
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indent++;
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else if (tok->str() == "}") {
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indent--;
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for (std::map<unsigned int, Filepointer>::iterator i = filepointers.begin(); i != filepointers.end(); ++i) {
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if (indent < i->second.mode_indent) {
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i->second.mode_indent = 0;
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i->second.mode = UNKNOWN;
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}
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if (indent < i->second.op_indent) {
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i->second.op_indent = 0;
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i->second.lastOperation = Filepointer::UNKNOWN_OP;
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}
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}
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} else if (tok->varId() && Token::Match(tok, "%var% =") && (tok->strAt(2) != "fopen" && tok->strAt(2) != "freopen" && tok->strAt(2) != "tmpfile")) {
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std::map<unsigned int, Filepointer>::iterator i = filepointers.find(tok->varId());
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if (i != filepointers.end()) {
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i->second.mode = UNKNOWN;
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i->second.lastOperation = Filepointer::UNKNOWN_OP;
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}
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} else if (Token::Match(tok, "%var% (") && tok->previous() && (!tok->previous()->isName() || Token::Match(tok->previous(), "return|throw"))) {
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std::string mode;
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const Token* fileTok = 0;
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Filepointer::Operation operation = Filepointer::NONE;
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if ((tok->str() == "fopen" || tok->str() == "freopen" || tok->str() == "tmpfile") && tok->strAt(-1) == "=") {
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if (tok->str() != "tmpfile") {
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const Token* modeTok = tok->tokAt(2)->nextArgument();
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if (modeTok && modeTok->type() == Token::eString)
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mode = modeTok->strValue();
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} else
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mode = "wb+";
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fileTok = tok->tokAt(-2);
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operation = Filepointer::OPEN;
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} else if (tok->str() == "rewind" || tok->str() == "fseek" || tok->str() == "fsetpos" || tok->str() == "fflush") {
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if (Token::Match(tok, "fflush ( stdin )"))
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fflushOnInputStreamError(tok, tok->strAt(2));
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else {
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fileTok = tok->tokAt(2);
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operation = Filepointer::POSITIONING;
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}
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} else if (tok->str() == "fgetc" || tok->str() == "fgets" || tok->str() == "fread" || tok->str() == "fscanf" || tok->str() == "getc") {
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if (tok->str() == "fscanf")
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fileTok = tok->tokAt(2);
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else
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fileTok = tok->linkAt(1)->previous();
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operation = Filepointer::READ;
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} else if (tok->str() == "fputc" || tok->str() == "fputs" || tok->str() == "fwrite" || tok->str() == "fprintf" || tok->str() == "putcc") {
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if (tok->str() == "fprintf")
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fileTok = tok->tokAt(2);
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else
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fileTok = tok->linkAt(1)->previous();
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operation = Filepointer::WRITE;
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} else if (tok->str() == "fclose") {
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fileTok = tok->tokAt(2);
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operation = Filepointer::CLOSE;
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} else if (whitelist.find(tok->str()) != whitelist.end()) {
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fileTok = tok->tokAt(2);
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if (tok->str() == "ungetc" && fileTok)
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fileTok = fileTok->nextArgument();
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operation = Filepointer::UNIMPORTANT;
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} else if (!Token::Match(tok, "if|for|while|catch|return")) {
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const Token* const end2 = tok->linkAt(1);
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for (const Token* tok2 = tok->tokAt(2); tok2 != end2; tok2 = tok2->next()) {
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if (tok2->varId() && filepointers.find(tok2->varId()) != filepointers.end()) {
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fileTok = tok2;
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operation = Filepointer::UNKNOWN_OP; // Assume that repositioning was last operation and that the file is opened now
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break;
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}
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}
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}
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if (!fileTok || !fileTok->varId())
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continue;
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if (filepointers.find(fileTok->varId()) == filepointers.end()) { // function call indicates: Its a File
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filepointers.insert(std::make_pair(fileTok->varId(), Filepointer(UNKNOWN)));
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}
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Filepointer& f = filepointers[fileTok->varId()];
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switch (operation) {
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case Filepointer::OPEN:
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f.mode = getMode(mode);
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f.mode_indent = indent;
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break;
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case Filepointer::POSITIONING:
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if (f.mode == CLOSED)
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useClosedFileError(tok);
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break;
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case Filepointer::READ:
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if (f.mode == CLOSED)
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useClosedFileError(tok);
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else if (f.mode == WRITE_MODE)
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readWriteOnlyFileError(tok);
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else if (f.lastOperation == Filepointer::WRITE)
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ioWithoutPositioningError(tok);
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break;
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case Filepointer::WRITE:
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if (f.mode == CLOSED)
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useClosedFileError(tok);
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else if (f.mode == READ_MODE)
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writeReadOnlyFileError(tok);
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else if (f.lastOperation == Filepointer::READ)
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ioWithoutPositioningError(tok);
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break;
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case Filepointer::CLOSE:
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if (f.mode == CLOSED)
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useClosedFileError(tok);
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else
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f.mode = CLOSED;
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f.mode_indent = indent;
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break;
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case Filepointer::UNIMPORTANT:
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if (f.mode == CLOSED)
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useClosedFileError(tok);
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break;
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case Filepointer::UNKNOWN_OP:
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f.mode = UNKNOWN;
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f.mode_indent = 0;
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break;
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default:
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break;
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}
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if (operation != Filepointer::NONE && operation != Filepointer::UNIMPORTANT) {
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f.op_indent = indent;
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f.lastOperation = operation;
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}
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}
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}
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}
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void CheckIO::fflushOnInputStreamError(const Token *tok, const std::string &varname)
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{
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reportError(tok, Severity::error,
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"fflushOnInputStream", "fflush() called on input stream \"" + varname + "\" may result in undefined behaviour.");
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}
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void CheckIO::ioWithoutPositioningError(const Token *tok)
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{
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reportError(tok, Severity::error,
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"IOWithoutPositioning", "Read and write operations without a call to a positioning function (fseek, fsetpos or rewind) or fflush inbetween result in undefined behaviour.");
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}
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void CheckIO::readWriteOnlyFileError(const Token *tok)
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{
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reportError(tok, Severity::error,
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"readWriteOnlyFile", "Read operation on a file that was only opened for writing.");
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}
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void CheckIO::writeReadOnlyFileError(const Token *tok)
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{
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reportError(tok, Severity::error,
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"writeReadOnlyFile", "Write operation on a file that was only opened for reading.");
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}
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void CheckIO::useClosedFileError(const Token *tok)
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{
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reportError(tok, Severity::error,
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"useClosedFile", "Used file that is not opened.");
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}
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// scanf without field width limits can crash with huge input data
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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void CheckIO::invalidScanf()
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{
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if (!_settings->isEnabled("style"))
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return;
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for (const Token *tok = _tokenizer->tokens(); tok; tok = tok->next()) {
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const Token *formatToken = 0;
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if (Token::Match(tok, "scanf|vscanf ( %str% ,"))
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formatToken = tok->tokAt(2);
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else if (Token::Match(tok, "sscanf|vsscanf|fscanf|vfscanf (")) {
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const Token* nextArg = tok->tokAt(2)->nextArgument();
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if (nextArg && nextArg->type() == Token::eString)
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formatToken = nextArg;
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else
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continue;
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} else
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continue;
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bool format = false;
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// scan the string backwards, so we dont need to keep states
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const std::string &formatstr(formatToken->str());
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for (unsigned int i = 1; i < formatstr.length(); i++) {
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if (formatstr[i] == '%')
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format = !format;
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else if (!format)
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continue;
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else if (std::isdigit(formatstr[i])) {
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format = false;
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}
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else if (std::isalpha(formatstr[i])) {
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if (formatstr[i] != 'c') // #3490 - field width limits are not necessary for %c
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invalidScanfError(tok);
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format = false;
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}
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}
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}
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}
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void CheckIO::invalidScanfError(const Token *tok)
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{
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reportError(tok, Severity::warning,
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"invalidscanf", "scanf without field width limits can crash with huge input data\n"
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"scanf without field width limits can crash with huge input data. To fix this error "
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"message add a field width specifier:\n"
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" %s => %20s\n"
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" %i => %3i\n"
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"\n"
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"Sample program that can crash:\n"
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"\n"
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"#include <stdio.h>\n"
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"int main()\n"
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"{\n"
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" int a;\n"
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" scanf(\"%i\", &a);\n"
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" return 0;\n"
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"}\n"
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"\n"
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"To make it crash:\n"
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"perl -e 'print \"5\"x2100000' | ./a.out");
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}
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// printf("%u", "xyz"); // Wrong argument type
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// printf("%u%s", 1); // Too few arguments
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// printf("", 1); // Too much arguments
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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static bool isComplexType(const Variable* var, const Token* varTypeTok)
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{
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if (var->type())
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return(true);
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static std::set<std::string> knownTypes;
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if (knownTypes.empty()) {
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knownTypes.insert("struct"); // If a type starts with the struct keyword, its a complex type
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knownTypes.insert("string");
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}
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if (varTypeTok->str() == "std")
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varTypeTok = varTypeTok->tokAt(2);
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return(knownTypes.find(varTypeTok->str()) != knownTypes.end() && !var->isPointer() && !var->isArray());
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}
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static bool isKnownType(const Variable* var, const Token* varTypeTok)
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{
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return(varTypeTok->isStandardType() || varTypeTok->next()->isStandardType() || isComplexType(var, varTypeTok));
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}
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void CheckIO::checkWrongPrintfScanfArguments()
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{
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const SymbolDatabase *symbolDatabase = _tokenizer->getSymbolDatabase();
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for (const Token *tok = _tokenizer->tokens(); tok; tok = tok->next()) {
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if (!tok->isName()) continue;
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const Token* argListTok = 0; // Points to first va_list argument
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std::string formatString;
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if (Token::Match(tok, "printf|scanf ( %str%")) {
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formatString = tok->strAt(2);
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if (tok->strAt(3) == ",") {
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argListTok = tok->tokAt(4);
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} else if (tok->strAt(3) == ")") {
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argListTok = 0;
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} else {
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continue;
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}
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} else if (Token::Match(tok, "sprintf|fprintf|sscanf|fscanf ( %any%")) {
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const Token* formatStringTok = tok->tokAt(2)->nextArgument(); // Find second parameter (format string)
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if (Token::Match(formatStringTok, "%str% ,")) {
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argListTok = formatStringTok->nextArgument(); // Find third parameter (first argument of va_args)
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formatString = formatStringTok->str();
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} else if (Token::Match(formatStringTok, "%str% )")) {
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argListTok = 0; // Find third parameter (first argument of va_args)
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formatString = formatStringTok->str();
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} else {
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continue;
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}
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} else if (Token::Match(tok, "snprintf|fnprintf (")) {
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const Token* formatStringTok = tok->tokAt(2);
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for (int i = 0; i < 2 && formatStringTok; i++) {
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formatStringTok = formatStringTok->nextArgument(); // Find third parameter (format string)
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}
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if (Token::Match(formatStringTok, "%str% ,")) {
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argListTok = formatStringTok->nextArgument(); // Find fourth parameter (first argument of va_args)
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formatString = formatStringTok->str();
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} else if (Token::Match(formatStringTok, "%str% )")) {
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argListTok = 0; // Find fourth parameter (first argument of va_args)
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formatString = formatStringTok->str();
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} else {
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continue;
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}
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} else {
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continue;
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}
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// Count format string parameters..
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bool scan = Token::Match(tok, "sscanf|fscanf|scanf");
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unsigned int numFormat = 0;
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bool percent = false;
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const Token* argListTok2 = argListTok;
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for (std::string::iterator i = formatString.begin(); i != formatString.end(); ++i) {
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if (*i == '%') {
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percent = !percent;
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} else if (percent && *i == '[') {
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while (i != formatString.end()) {
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if (*i == ']') {
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numFormat++;
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if (argListTok)
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argListTok = argListTok->nextArgument();
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percent = false;
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break;
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}
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++i;
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}
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if (i == formatString.end())
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break;
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} else if (percent) {
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percent = false;
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bool _continue = false;
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while (i != formatString.end() && *i != ']' && !std::isalpha(*i)) {
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if (*i == '*') {
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if (scan)
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_continue = true;
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else {
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numFormat++;
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if (argListTok)
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argListTok = argListTok->nextArgument();
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}
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}
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++i;
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}
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if (i == formatString.end())
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break;
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if (_continue)
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continue;
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if (scan || *i != 'm') { // %m is a non-standard extension that requires no parameter on print functions.
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numFormat++;
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// Perform type checks
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if (_settings->isEnabled("style") && argListTok && Token::Match(argListTok->next(), "[,)]")) { // We can currently only check the type of arguments matching this simple pattern.
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const Variable* variableInfo = symbolDatabase->getVariableFromVarId(argListTok->varId());
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const Token* varTypeTok = variableInfo ? variableInfo->typeStartToken() : NULL;
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if (varTypeTok && varTypeTok->str() == "static")
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varTypeTok = varTypeTok->next();
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if (scan && varTypeTok) {
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if ((!variableInfo->isPointer() && !variableInfo->isArray()) || varTypeTok->strAt(-1) == "const")
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invalidScanfArgTypeError(tok, tok->str(), numFormat);
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} else if (!scan) {
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switch (*i) {
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case 's':
|
|
if (variableInfo && argListTok->type() != Token::eString && isKnownType(variableInfo, varTypeTok) && (!variableInfo->isPointer() && !variableInfo->isArray()))
|
|
invalidPrintfArgTypeError_s(tok, numFormat);
|
|
break;
|
|
case 'n':
|
|
if ((varTypeTok && isKnownType(variableInfo, varTypeTok) && ((!variableInfo->isPointer() && !variableInfo->isArray()) || varTypeTok->strAt(-1) == "const")) || argListTok->type() == Token::eString)
|
|
invalidPrintfArgTypeError_n(tok, numFormat);
|
|
break;
|
|
case 'c':
|
|
case 'd':
|
|
case 'i':
|
|
case 'u':
|
|
case 'x':
|
|
case 'X':
|
|
case 'o':
|
|
if (varTypeTok && varTypeTok->str() == "const")
|
|
varTypeTok = varTypeTok->next();
|
|
if ((varTypeTok && isKnownType(variableInfo, varTypeTok) && !Token::Match(varTypeTok, "unsigned|signed| bool|short|long|int|char|size_t|unsigned|signed") && !variableInfo->isPointer() && !variableInfo->isArray()))
|
|
invalidPrintfArgTypeError_int(tok, numFormat, *i);
|
|
else if (argListTok->type() == Token::eString)
|
|
invalidPrintfArgTypeError_int(tok, numFormat, *i);
|
|
break;
|
|
case 'p':
|
|
if (varTypeTok && varTypeTok->str() == "const")
|
|
varTypeTok = varTypeTok->next();
|
|
if (varTypeTok && isKnownType(variableInfo, varTypeTok) && !Token::Match(varTypeTok, "unsigned|signed| short|long|int|size_t|unsigned|signed") && !variableInfo->isPointer() && !variableInfo->isArray())
|
|
invalidPrintfArgTypeError_p(tok, numFormat);
|
|
else if (argListTok->type() == Token::eString)
|
|
invalidPrintfArgTypeError_p(tok, numFormat);
|
|
break;
|
|
case 'e':
|
|
case 'E':
|
|
case 'f':
|
|
case 'g':
|
|
case 'G':
|
|
if (varTypeTok && varTypeTok->str() == "const")
|
|
varTypeTok = varTypeTok->next();
|
|
if (varTypeTok && ((isKnownType(variableInfo, varTypeTok) && !Token::Match(varTypeTok, "float|double")) || variableInfo->isPointer() || variableInfo->isArray()))
|
|
invalidPrintfArgTypeError_float(tok, numFormat, *i);
|
|
else if (argListTok->type() == Token::eString)
|
|
invalidPrintfArgTypeError_float(tok, numFormat, *i);
|
|
break;
|
|
default:
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if (argListTok)
|
|
argListTok = argListTok->nextArgument(); // Find next argument
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Count printf/scanf parameters..
|
|
unsigned int numFunction = 0;
|
|
while (argListTok2) {
|
|
numFunction++;
|
|
argListTok2 = argListTok2->nextArgument(); // Find next argument
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Mismatching number of parameters => warning
|
|
if (numFormat != numFunction)
|
|
wrongPrintfScanfArgumentsError(tok, tok->str(), numFormat, numFunction);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
void CheckIO::wrongPrintfScanfArgumentsError(const Token* tok,
|
|
const std::string &functionName,
|
|
unsigned int numFormat,
|
|
unsigned int numFunction)
|
|
{
|
|
Severity::SeverityType severity = numFormat > numFunction ? Severity::error : Severity::warning;
|
|
if (severity != Severity::error && !_settings->isEnabled("style"))
|
|
return;
|
|
|
|
std::ostringstream errmsg;
|
|
errmsg << functionName
|
|
<< " format string has "
|
|
<< numFormat
|
|
<< " parameters but "
|
|
<< (numFormat > numFunction ? "only " : "")
|
|
<< numFunction
|
|
<< " are given";
|
|
|
|
reportError(tok, severity, "wrongPrintfScanfArgNum", errmsg.str());
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
void CheckIO::invalidScanfArgTypeError(const Token* tok, const std::string &functionName, unsigned int numFormat)
|
|
{
|
|
std::ostringstream errmsg;
|
|
errmsg << functionName << " argument no. " << numFormat << ": requires non-const pointers or arrays as arguments";
|
|
reportError(tok, Severity::warning, "invalidScanfArgType", errmsg.str());
|
|
}
|
|
void CheckIO::invalidPrintfArgTypeError_s(const Token* tok, unsigned int numFormat)
|
|
{
|
|
std::ostringstream errmsg;
|
|
errmsg << "%s in format string (no. " << numFormat << ") requires a char* given in the argument list";
|
|
reportError(tok, Severity::warning, "invalidPrintfArgType_s", errmsg.str());
|
|
}
|
|
void CheckIO::invalidPrintfArgTypeError_n(const Token* tok, unsigned int numFormat)
|
|
{
|
|
std::ostringstream errmsg;
|
|
errmsg << "%n in format string (no. " << numFormat << ") requires a pointer to an non-const integer given in the argument list";
|
|
reportError(tok, Severity::warning, "invalidPrintfArgType_n", errmsg.str());
|
|
}
|
|
void CheckIO::invalidPrintfArgTypeError_p(const Token* tok, unsigned int numFormat)
|
|
{
|
|
std::ostringstream errmsg;
|
|
errmsg << "%p in format string (no. " << numFormat << ") requires an integer or pointer given in the argument list";
|
|
reportError(tok, Severity::warning, "invalidPrintfArgType_p", errmsg.str());
|
|
}
|
|
void CheckIO::invalidPrintfArgTypeError_int(const Token* tok, unsigned int numFormat, char c)
|
|
{
|
|
std::ostringstream errmsg;
|
|
errmsg << "%" << c << " in format string (no. " << numFormat << ") requires an integer given in the argument list";
|
|
reportError(tok, Severity::warning, "invalidPrintfArgType_int", errmsg.str());
|
|
}
|
|
void CheckIO::invalidPrintfArgTypeError_float(const Token* tok, unsigned int numFormat, char c)
|
|
{
|
|
std::ostringstream errmsg;
|
|
errmsg << "%" << c << " in format string (no. " << numFormat << ") requires a floating point number given in the argument list";
|
|
reportError(tok, Severity::warning, "invalidPrintfArgType_float", errmsg.str());
|
|
}
|