nghttp2/examples/libevent-server.c

/*
 * nghttp2 - HTTP/2.0 C Library
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2013 Tatsuhiro Tsujikawa
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
 * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
 * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
 * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
 * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
 * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
 * the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
 * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
 * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
 * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
 * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 */
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <err.h>

#include <openssl/ssl.h>
#include <openssl/err.h>

#include <event.h>
#include <event2/event.h>
#include <event2/bufferevent_ssl.h>
#include <event2/listener.h>

#include <nghttp2/nghttp2.h>

#define OUTPUT_WOULDBLOCK_THRESHOLD (1 << 16)

#define ARRLEN(x) (sizeof(x)/sizeof(x[0]))

#define MAKE_NV(NAME, VALUE)                                            \
  { (uint8_t*)NAME, (uint8_t*)VALUE, sizeof(NAME) - 1, sizeof(VALUE) - 1 }

struct app_context;
typedef struct app_context app_context;

typedef struct http2_stream_data {
  struct http2_stream_data *prev, *next;
  char *request_path;
  int32_t stream_id;
  int fd;
} http2_stream_data;

typedef struct http2_session_data {
  struct http2_stream_data root;
  struct bufferevent *bev;
  app_context *app_ctx;
  nghttp2_session *session;
  char *client_addr;
  size_t handshake_leftlen;
} http2_session_data;

struct app_context {
  SSL_CTX *ssl_ctx;
  struct event_base *evbase;
};

static unsigned char next_proto_list[256];
static size_t next_proto_list_len;

static int next_proto_cb(SSL *s, const unsigned char **data, unsigned int *len,
                         void *arg)
{
  *data = next_proto_list;
  *len = next_proto_list_len;
  return SSL_TLSEXT_ERR_OK;
}

/* Create SSL_CTX. */
static SSL_CTX* create_ssl_ctx(const char *key_file, const char *cert_file)
{
  SSL_CTX *ssl_ctx;
  ssl_ctx = SSL_CTX_new(SSLv23_server_method());
  if(!ssl_ctx) {
    errx(1, "Could not create SSL/TLS context: %s",
         ERR_error_string(ERR_get_error(), NULL));
  }
  SSL_CTX_set_options(ssl_ctx,
                      SSL_OP_ALL | SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2 | SSL_OP_NO_COMPRESSION |
                      SSL_OP_NO_SESSION_RESUMPTION_ON_RENEGOTIATION);

  if(SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_file(ssl_ctx, key_file,
                                 SSL_FILETYPE_PEM) != 1) {
    errx(1, "Could not read private key file %s", key_file);
  }
  if(SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain_file(ssl_ctx, cert_file) != 1) {
    errx(1, "Could not read certificate file %s", cert_file);
  }

  next_proto_list[0] = NGHTTP2_PROTO_VERSION_ID_LEN;
  memcpy(&next_proto_list[1], NGHTTP2_PROTO_VERSION_ID,
         NGHTTP2_PROTO_VERSION_ID_LEN);
  next_proto_list_len = 1 + NGHTTP2_PROTO_VERSION_ID_LEN;

  SSL_CTX_set_next_protos_advertised_cb(ssl_ctx, next_proto_cb, NULL);
  return ssl_ctx;
}

/* Create SSL object */
static SSL* create_ssl(SSL_CTX *ssl_ctx)
{
  SSL *ssl;
  ssl = SSL_new(ssl_ctx);
  if(!ssl) {
    errx(1, "Could not create SSL/TLS session object: %s",
         ERR_error_string(ERR_get_error(), NULL));
  }
  return ssl;
}

static void add_stream(http2_session_data *session_data,
                       http2_stream_data *stream_data)
{
  stream_data->next = session_data->root.next;
  session_data->root.next = stream_data;
  stream_data->prev = &session_data->root;
  if(stream_data->next) {
    stream_data->next->prev = stream_data;
  }
}

static void remove_stream(http2_session_data *session_data,
                          http2_stream_data *stream_data)
{
  stream_data->prev->next = stream_data->next;
  if(stream_data->next) {
    stream_data->next->prev = stream_data->prev;
  }
}

static http2_stream_data* create_http2_stream_data
(http2_session_data *session_data, int32_t stream_id)
{
  http2_stream_data *stream_data;
  stream_data = malloc(sizeof(http2_stream_data));
  memset(stream_data, 0, sizeof(http2_stream_data));
  stream_data->stream_id = stream_id;
  stream_data->fd = -1;

  add_stream(session_data, stream_data);
  return stream_data;
}

static void delete_http2_stream_data(http2_stream_data *stream_data)
{
  if(stream_data->fd != -1) {
    close(stream_data->fd);
  }
  free(stream_data->request_path);
  free(stream_data);
}

static http2_session_data* create_http2_session_data(app_context *app_ctx,
                                                     int fd,
                                                     struct sockaddr *addr,
                                                     int addrlen)
{
  int rv;
  http2_session_data *session_data;
  SSL *ssl;
  char host[NI_MAXHOST];
  int val = 1;

  ssl = create_ssl(app_ctx->ssl_ctx);
  session_data = malloc(sizeof(http2_session_data));
  memset(session_data, 0, sizeof(http2_session_data));
  session_data->app_ctx = app_ctx;
  setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, (char *)&val, sizeof(val));
  session_data->bev = bufferevent_openssl_socket_new
    (app_ctx->evbase, fd, ssl,
     BUFFEREVENT_SSL_ACCEPTING,
     BEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE | BEV_OPT_DEFER_CALLBACKS);
  session_data->handshake_leftlen = NGHTTP2_CLIENT_CONNECTION_HEADER_LEN;
  rv = getnameinfo(addr, addrlen, host, sizeof(host), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST);
  if(rv != 0) {
    session_data->client_addr = strdup("(unknown)");
  } else {
    session_data->client_addr = strdup(host);
  }

  return session_data;
}

static void delete_http2_session_data(http2_session_data *session_data)
{
  http2_stream_data *stream_data;
  SSL *ssl = bufferevent_openssl_get_ssl(session_data->bev);

  if(ssl) {
    SSL_shutdown(ssl);
  }
  bufferevent_free(session_data->bev);
  nghttp2_session_del(session_data->session);
  for(stream_data = session_data->root.next; stream_data;) {
    http2_stream_data *next = stream_data->next;
    delete_http2_stream_data(stream_data);
    stream_data = next;
  }
  free(session_data->client_addr);
  free(session_data);
}

/* Serialize the frame and send (or buffer) the data to
   bufferevent. */
static int session_send(http2_session_data *session_data)
{
  int rv;
  rv = nghttp2_session_send(session_data->session);
  if(rv != 0) {
    warnx("Fatal error: %s", nghttp2_strerror(rv));
    return -1;
  }
  return 0;
}

/* Read the data in the bufferevent and feed them into nghttp2 library
   function. Invocation of nghttp2_session_mem_recv() may make
   additional pending frames, so call session_send() at the end of the
   function. */
static int session_recv(http2_session_data *session_data)
{
  int rv;
  struct evbuffer *input = bufferevent_get_input(session_data->bev);
  size_t datalen = evbuffer_get_length(input);
  unsigned char *data = evbuffer_pullup(input, -1);
  rv = nghttp2_session_mem_recv(session_data->session, data, datalen);
  if(rv < 0) {
    warnx("Fatal error: %s", nghttp2_strerror(rv));
    return -1;
  }
  evbuffer_drain(input, rv);
  if(session_send(session_data) != 0) {
    return -1;
  }
  return 0;
}

static ssize_t send_callback(nghttp2_session *session,
                             const uint8_t *data, size_t length,
                             int flags, void *user_data)
{
  http2_session_data *session_data = (http2_session_data*)user_data;
  struct bufferevent *bev = session_data->bev;
  /* Avoid excessive buffering in server side. */
  if(evbuffer_get_length(bufferevent_get_output(session_data->bev)) >=
     OUTPUT_WOULDBLOCK_THRESHOLD) {
    return NGHTTP2_ERR_WOULDBLOCK;
  }
  bufferevent_write(bev, data, length);
  return length;
}

/* Returns nonzero if the string |s| ends with the substring |sub| */
static int ends_with(const char *s, const char *sub)
{
  size_t slen = strlen(s);
  size_t sublen = strlen(sub);
  if(slen < sublen) {
    return 0;
  }
  return memcmp(s + slen - sublen, sub, sublen) == 0;
}

/* Returns int value of hex string character |c| */
static uint8_t hex_to_uint(uint8_t c)
{
  if('0' <= c && c <= '9') {
    return c - '0';
  }
  if('A' <= c && c <= 'F') {
    return c - 'A' + 10;
  }
  if('a' <= c && c <= 'f') {
    return c - 'a' + 10;
  }
  return 0;
}

/* Decodes percent-encoded byte string |value| with length |valuelen|
   and returns the decoded byte string in allocated buffer. The return
   value is NULL terminated. The caller must free the returned
   string. */
static char* percent_decode(const uint8_t *value, size_t valuelen)
{
  char *res;

  res = malloc(valuelen + 1);
  if(valuelen > 3) {
    size_t i, j;
    for(i = 0, j = 0; i < valuelen - 2;) {
      if(value[i] != '%' ||
         !isxdigit(value[i + 1]) || !isxdigit(value[i + 2])) {
        res[j++] = value[i++];
        continue;
      }
      res[j++] = (hex_to_uint(value[i + 1]) << 4) + hex_to_uint(value[i + 2]);
      i += 3;
    }
    memcpy(&res[j], &value[i], 2);
    res[j + 2] = '\0';
  } else {
    memcpy(res, value, valuelen);
    res[valuelen] = '\0';
  }
  return res;
}

static int on_frame_recv_callback(nghttp2_session *session,
                                  const nghttp2_frame *frame, void *user_data)
{
  http2_session_data *session_data = (http2_session_data*)user_data;
  http2_stream_data *stream_data;
  size_t i;
  const char PATH[] = ":path";
  switch(frame->hd.type) {
  case NGHTTP2_HEADERS:
    if(frame->headers.cat != NGHTTP2_HCAT_REQUEST) {
      break;
    }
    stream_data = create_http2_stream_data(session_data, frame->hd.stream_id);
    nghttp2_session_set_stream_user_data(session, frame->hd.stream_id,
                                         stream_data);
    for(i = 0; i < frame->headers.nvlen; ++i) {
      nghttp2_nv *nv = &frame->headers.nva[i];
      if(nv->namelen == sizeof(PATH) - 1 &&
         memcmp(PATH, nv->name, nv->namelen) == 0) {
        size_t j;
        for(j = 0; j < nv->valuelen && nv->value[j] != '?'; ++j);
        stream_data->request_path = percent_decode(nv->value, j);
        break;
      }
    }
    break;
  default:
    break;
  }
  return 0;
}

static ssize_t file_read_callback
(nghttp2_session *session, int32_t stream_id,
 uint8_t *buf, size_t length, int *eof,
 nghttp2_data_source *source, void *user_data)
{
  int fd = source->fd;
  ssize_t r;
  while((r = read(fd, buf, length)) == -1 && errno == EINTR);
  if(r == -1) {
    return NGHTTP2_ERR_TEMPORAL_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
  }
  if(r == 0) {
    *eof = 1;
  }
  return r;
}

static int send_response(nghttp2_session *session, int32_t stream_id,
                         nghttp2_nv *nva, size_t nvlen, int fd)
{
  int rv;
  nghttp2_data_provider data_prd;
  data_prd.source.fd = fd;
  data_prd.read_callback = file_read_callback;

  rv = nghttp2_submit_response(session, stream_id, nva, nvlen, &data_prd);
  if(rv != 0) {
    warnx("Fatal error: %s", nghttp2_strerror(rv));
    return -1;
  }
  return 0;
}

const char ERROR_HTML[] = "<html><head><title>404</title></head>"
  "<body><h1>404 Not Found</h1></body></html>";

static int error_reply(nghttp2_session *session,
                       http2_stream_data *stream_data)
{
  int rv;
  int pipefd[2];
  nghttp2_nv hdrs[] = {
    MAKE_NV(":status", "404")
  };

  rv = pipe(pipefd);
  if(rv != 0) {
    warn("Could not create pipe");
    rv = nghttp2_submit_rst_stream(session, NGHTTP2_FLAG_NONE,
                                   stream_data->stream_id,
                                   NGHTTP2_INTERNAL_ERROR);
    if(rv != 0) {
      warnx("Fatal error: %s", nghttp2_strerror(rv));
      return -1;
    }
    return 0;
  }
  write(pipefd[1], ERROR_HTML, sizeof(ERROR_HTML) - 1);
  close(pipefd[1]);
  stream_data->fd = pipefd[0];
  if(send_response(session, stream_data->stream_id, hdrs, ARRLEN(hdrs),
                   pipefd[0]) != 0) {
    close(pipefd[0]);
    return -1;
  }
  return 0;
}

/* Minimum check for directory traversal. Returns nonzero if it is
   safe. */
static int check_path(const char *path)
{
  /* We don't like '\' in url. */
  return path[0] && path[0] == '/' &&
    strchr(path, '\\') == NULL &&
    strstr(path, "/../") == NULL &&
    strstr(path, "/./") == NULL &&
    !ends_with(path, "/..") && !ends_with(path, "/.");
}

static int on_request_recv_callback(nghttp2_session *session,
                                    int32_t stream_id, void *user_data)
{
  int fd;
  http2_session_data *session_data = (http2_session_data*)user_data;
  http2_stream_data *stream_data;
  nghttp2_nv hdrs[] = {
    MAKE_NV(":status", "200")
  };
  char *rel_path;

  stream_data = (http2_stream_data*)nghttp2_session_get_stream_user_data
    (session, stream_id);
  if(!stream_data->request_path) {
    if(error_reply(session, stream_data) != 0) {
      return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
    }
    return 0;
  }
  fprintf(stderr, "%s GET %s\n", session_data->client_addr,
          stream_data->request_path);
  if(!check_path(stream_data->request_path)) {
    if(error_reply(session, stream_data) != 0) {
      return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
    }
    return 0;
  }
  for(rel_path = stream_data->request_path; *rel_path == '/'; ++rel_path);
  fd = open(rel_path, O_RDONLY);
  if(fd == -1) {
    if(error_reply(session, stream_data) != 0) {
      return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
    }
    return 0;
  }
  stream_data->fd = fd;

  if(send_response(session, stream_id, hdrs, ARRLEN(hdrs), fd) != 0) {
    close(fd);
    return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
  }
  return 0;
}

static int on_stream_close_callback(nghttp2_session *session,
                                    int32_t stream_id,
                                    nghttp2_error_code error_code,
                                    void *user_data)
{
  http2_session_data *session_data = (http2_session_data*)user_data;
  http2_stream_data *stream_data;

  stream_data = nghttp2_session_get_stream_user_data(session, stream_id);
  remove_stream(session_data, stream_data);
  delete_http2_stream_data(stream_data);
  return 0;
}

static void initialize_nghttp2_session(http2_session_data *session_data)
{
  nghttp2_session_callbacks callbacks = {0};

  callbacks.send_callback = send_callback;
  callbacks.on_frame_recv_callback = on_frame_recv_callback;
  callbacks.on_request_recv_callback = on_request_recv_callback;
  callbacks.on_stream_close_callback = on_stream_close_callback;
  nghttp2_session_server_new(&session_data->session, &callbacks, session_data);
}

/* Send HTTP/2.0 client connection header, which includes 24 bytes
   magic octets and SETTINGS frame */
static int send_server_connection_header(http2_session_data *session_data)
{
  nghttp2_settings_entry iv[1] = {
    { NGHTTP2_SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS, 100 }
  };
  int rv;

  rv = nghttp2_submit_settings(session_data->session, NGHTTP2_FLAG_NONE,
                               iv, ARRLEN(iv));
  if(rv != 0) {
    warnx("Fatal error: %s", nghttp2_strerror(rv));
    return -1;
  }
  return 0;
}

/* readcb for bufferevent after client connection header was
   checked. */
static void readcb(struct bufferevent *bev, void *ptr)
{
  http2_session_data *session_data = (http2_session_data*)ptr;
  if(session_recv(session_data) != 0) {
    delete_http2_session_data(session_data);
    return;
  }
}

/* writecb for bufferevent. To greaceful shutdown after sending or
   receiving GOAWAY, we check the some conditions on the nghttp2
   library and output buffer of bufferevent. If it indicates we have
   no business to this session, tear down the connection. If the
   connection is not going to shutdown, we call session_send() to
   process pending data in the output buffer. This is necessary
   because we have a threshold on the buffer size to avoid too much
   buffering. See send_callback(). */
static void writecb(struct bufferevent *bev, void *ptr)
{
  http2_session_data *session_data = (http2_session_data*)ptr;
  if(evbuffer_get_length(bufferevent_get_output(bev)) > 0) {
    return;
  }
  if(nghttp2_session_want_read(session_data->session) == 0 &&
     nghttp2_session_want_write(session_data->session) == 0) {
    delete_http2_session_data(session_data);
    return;
  }
  if(session_send(session_data) != 0) {
    delete_http2_session_data(session_data);
    return;
  }
}

/* eventcb for bufferevent */
static void eventcb(struct bufferevent *bev, short events, void *ptr)
{
  http2_session_data *session_data = (http2_session_data*)ptr;
  if(events & BEV_EVENT_CONNECTED) {
    fprintf(stderr, "%s connected\n", session_data->client_addr);
    return;
  }
  if(events & BEV_EVENT_EOF) {
    fprintf(stderr, "%s disconnected\n", session_data->client_addr);
  } else if(events & BEV_EVENT_ERROR) {
    fprintf(stderr, "%s network error\n", session_data->client_addr);
  } else if(events & BEV_EVENT_TIMEOUT) {
    fprintf(stderr, "%s timeout\n", session_data->client_addr);
  }
  delete_http2_session_data(session_data);
}

/* readcb for bufferevent to check first 24 bytes client connection
   header. */
static void handshake_readcb(struct bufferevent *bev, void *ptr)
{
  http2_session_data *session_data = (http2_session_data*)ptr;
  uint8_t data[24];
  struct evbuffer *input = bufferevent_get_input(session_data->bev);
  int readlen = evbuffer_remove(input, data, session_data->handshake_leftlen);
  const char *conhead = NGHTTP2_CLIENT_CONNECTION_HEADER;

  if(memcmp(conhead + NGHTTP2_CLIENT_CONNECTION_HEADER_LEN
            - session_data->handshake_leftlen, data, readlen) != 0) {
    delete_http2_session_data(session_data);
    return;
  }
  session_data->handshake_leftlen -= readlen;
  if(session_data->handshake_leftlen == 0) {
    bufferevent_setcb(session_data->bev, readcb, writecb, eventcb, ptr);
    /* Process pending data in buffer since they are not notified
       further */
    initialize_nghttp2_session(session_data);
    if(send_server_connection_header(session_data) != 0) {
      delete_http2_session_data(session_data);
      return;
    }
    if(session_recv(session_data) != 0) {
      delete_http2_session_data(session_data);
      return;
    }
  }
}

/* callback for evconnlistener */
static void acceptcb(struct evconnlistener *listener, int fd,
                     struct sockaddr *addr, int addrlen, void *arg)
{
  app_context *app_ctx = (app_context*)arg;
  http2_session_data *session_data;

  session_data = create_http2_session_data(app_ctx, fd, addr, addrlen);
  bufferevent_setcb(session_data->bev, handshake_readcb, NULL, eventcb,
                    session_data);
}

static void start_listen(struct event_base *evbase, const char *service,
                         app_context *app_ctx)
{
  int rv;
  struct addrinfo hints;
  struct addrinfo *res, *rp;

  memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
  hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
  hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
  hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE;
#ifdef AI_ADDRCONFIG
  hints.ai_flags |= AI_ADDRCONFIG;
#endif // AI_ADDRCONFIG

  rv = getaddrinfo(NULL, service, &hints, &res);
  if(rv != 0) {
    errx(1, NULL);
  }
  for(rp = res; rp; rp = rp->ai_next) {
    struct evconnlistener *listener;
    listener = evconnlistener_new_bind(evbase, acceptcb, app_ctx,
                                       LEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE |
                                       LEV_OPT_REUSEABLE, 16,
                                       rp->ai_addr, rp->ai_addrlen);
    if(listener) {
      return;
    }
  }
  errx(1, "Could not start listener");
}

static void initialize_app_context(app_context *app_ctx, SSL_CTX *ssl_ctx,
                                   struct event_base *evbase)
{
  memset(app_ctx, 0, sizeof(app_context));
  app_ctx->ssl_ctx = ssl_ctx;
  app_ctx->evbase = evbase;
}

static void run(const char *service,
                const char *key_file, const char *cert_file)
{
  SSL_CTX *ssl_ctx;
  app_context app_ctx;
  struct event_base *evbase;

  ssl_ctx = create_ssl_ctx(key_file, cert_file);
  evbase = event_base_new();
  initialize_app_context(&app_ctx, ssl_ctx, evbase);
  start_listen(evbase, service, &app_ctx);

  event_base_loop(evbase, 0);

  event_base_free(evbase);
  SSL_CTX_free(ssl_ctx);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  struct sigaction act;

  if(argc < 4) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Usage: libevent-server PORT KEY_FILE CERT_FILE\n");
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }

  memset(&act, 0, sizeof(struct sigaction));
  act.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
  sigaction(SIGPIPE, &act, NULL);

  SSL_load_error_strings();
  SSL_library_init();

  run(argv[1], argv[2], argv[3]);
  return 0;
}