nghttp2/src/nghttp.cc

/*
 * nghttp2 - HTTP/2 C Library
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2013 Tatsuhiro Tsujikawa
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
 * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
 * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
 * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
 * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
 * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
 * the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
 * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
 * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
 * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
 * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 */
#include "nghttp.h"

#include <sys/stat.h>
#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h>
#endif // HAVE_UNISTD_H
#ifdef HAVE_FCNTL_H
#include <fcntl.h>
#endif // HAVE_FCNTL_H
#ifdef HAVE_NETINET_IN_H
#include <netinet/in.h>
#endif // HAVE_NETINET_IN_H
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <getopt.h>

#include <cassert>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cerrno>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <sstream>
#include <tuple>

#include <openssl/err.h>
#include <openssl/conf.h>

#ifdef HAVE_JANSSON
#include <jansson.h>
#endif // HAVE_JANSSON

#include "app_helper.h"
#include "HtmlParser.h"
#include "util.h"
#include "base64.h"
#include "ssl.h"
#include "template.h"

#ifndef O_BINARY
#define O_BINARY (0)
#endif // O_BINARY

namespace nghttp2 {

// The anchor stream nodes when --no-dep is not used.  The stream ID =
// 1 is excluded since it is used as first stream in upgrade case.  We
// follows the same dependency anchor nodes as Firefox does.
struct Anchor {
  int32_t stream_id;
  // stream ID this anchor depends on
  int32_t dep_stream_id;
  // .. with this weight.
  int32_t weight;
};

// This is index into anchors.  Firefox uses ANCHOR_FOLLOWERS for html
// file.
enum {
  ANCHOR_LEADERS,
  ANCHOR_UNBLOCKED,
  ANCHOR_BACKGROUND,
  ANCHOR_SPECULATIVE,
  ANCHOR_FOLLOWERS,
};

namespace {
constexpr auto anchors = std::array<Anchor, 5>{{
    {3, 0, 201}, {5, 0, 101}, {7, 0, 1}, {9, 7, 1}, {11, 3, 1},
}};
} // namespace

Config::Config()
    : padding(0),
      peer_max_concurrent_streams(NGHTTP2_INITIAL_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS),
      header_table_size(-1), weight(NGHTTP2_DEFAULT_WEIGHT), multiply(1),
      timeout(0.), window_bits(-1), connection_window_bits(-1), verbose(0),
      null_out(false), remote_name(false), get_assets(false), stat(false),
      upgrade(false), continuation(false), no_content_length(false),
      no_dep(false), hexdump(false), no_push(false) {
  nghttp2_option_new(&http2_option);
  nghttp2_option_set_peer_max_concurrent_streams(http2_option,
                                                 peer_max_concurrent_streams);
}

Config::~Config() { nghttp2_option_del(http2_option); }

namespace {
Config config;
} // namespace

namespace {
void print_protocol_nego_error() {
  std::cerr << "[ERROR] HTTP/2 protocol was not selected."
            << " (nghttp2 expects " << NGHTTP2_PROTO_VERSION_ID << ")"
            << std::endl;
}
} // namespace

namespace {
std::string strip_fragment(const char *raw_uri) {
  const char *end;
  for (end = raw_uri; *end && *end != '#'; ++end)
    ;
  size_t len = end - raw_uri;
  return std::string(raw_uri, len);
}
} // namespace

Request::Request(const std::string &uri, const http_parser_url &u,
                 const nghttp2_data_provider *data_prd, int64_t data_length,
                 const nghttp2_priority_spec &pri_spec, int level)
    : uri(uri), u(u), pri_spec(pri_spec), data_length(data_length),
      data_offset(0), response_len(0), inflater(nullptr), html_parser(nullptr),
      data_prd(data_prd), stream_id(-1), status(0), level(level),
      expect_final_response(false) {
  http2::init_hdidx(res_hdidx);
  http2::init_hdidx(req_hdidx);
}

Request::~Request() {
  nghttp2_gzip_inflate_del(inflater);
  delete html_parser;
}

void Request::init_inflater() {
  int rv;
  rv = nghttp2_gzip_inflate_new(&inflater);
  assert(rv == 0);
}

void Request::init_html_parser() { html_parser = new HtmlParser(uri); }

int Request::update_html_parser(const uint8_t *data, size_t len, int fin) {
  if (!html_parser) {
    return 0;
  }
  return html_parser->parse_chunk(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(data), len,
                                  fin);
}

std::string Request::make_reqpath() const {
  std::string path = util::has_uri_field(u, UF_PATH)
                         ? util::get_uri_field(uri.c_str(), u, UF_PATH)
                         : "/";
  if (util::has_uri_field(u, UF_QUERY)) {
    path += "?";
    path.append(uri.c_str() + u.field_data[UF_QUERY].off,
                u.field_data[UF_QUERY].len);
  }
  return path;
}

namespace {
// Perform special handling |host| if it is IPv6 literal and includes
// zone ID per RFC 6874.
std::string decode_host(std::string host) {
  auto zone_start = std::find(std::begin(host), std::end(host), '%');
  if (zone_start == std::end(host) ||
      !util::ipv6_numeric_addr(
          std::string(std::begin(host), zone_start).c_str())) {
    return std::move(host);
  }
  // case: ::1%
  if (zone_start + 1 == std::end(host)) {
    host.pop_back();
    return std::move(host);
  }
  // case: ::1%12 or ::1%1
  if (zone_start + 3 >= std::end(host)) {
    return std::move(host);
  }
  // If we see "%25", followed by more characters, then decode %25 as
  // '%'.
  auto zone_id_src = (*(zone_start + 1) == '2' && *(zone_start + 2) == '5')
                         ? zone_start + 3
                         : zone_start + 1;
  auto zone_id = util::percentDecode(zone_id_src, std::end(host));
  host.erase(zone_start + 1, std::end(host));
  host += zone_id;
  return std::move(host);
}
} // namespace

namespace {
nghttp2_priority_spec resolve_dep(int res_type) {
  nghttp2_priority_spec pri_spec;

  if (config.no_dep) {
    nghttp2_priority_spec_default_init(&pri_spec);

    return pri_spec;
  }

  int32_t anchor_id;
  int32_t weight;
  switch (res_type) {
  case REQ_CSS:
  case REQ_JS:
    anchor_id = anchors[ANCHOR_LEADERS].stream_id;
    weight = 2;
    break;
  case REQ_UNBLOCK_JS:
    anchor_id = anchors[ANCHOR_UNBLOCKED].stream_id;
    weight = 2;
    break;
  case REQ_IMG:
    anchor_id = anchors[ANCHOR_FOLLOWERS].stream_id;
    weight = 12;
    break;
  default:
    anchor_id = anchors[ANCHOR_FOLLOWERS].stream_id;
    weight = 2;
  }

  nghttp2_priority_spec_init(&pri_spec, anchor_id, weight, 0);
  return pri_spec;
}
} // namespace

bool Request::is_ipv6_literal_addr() const {
  if (util::has_uri_field(u, UF_HOST)) {
    return memchr(uri.c_str() + u.field_data[UF_HOST].off, ':',
                  u.field_data[UF_HOST].len);
  } else {
    return false;
  }
}

bool Request::response_pseudo_header_allowed(int16_t token) const {
  if (!res_nva.empty() && res_nva.back().name.c_str()[0] != ':') {
    return false;
  }
  switch (token) {
  case http2::HD__STATUS:
    return res_hdidx[token] == -1;
  default:
    return false;
  }
}

bool Request::push_request_pseudo_header_allowed(int16_t token) const {
  if (!req_nva.empty() && req_nva.back().name.c_str()[0] != ':') {
    return false;
  }
  switch (token) {
  case http2::HD__AUTHORITY:
  case http2::HD__METHOD:
  case http2::HD__PATH:
  case http2::HD__SCHEME:
    return req_hdidx[token] == -1;
  default:
    return false;
  }
}

Headers::value_type *Request::get_res_header(int16_t token) {
  auto idx = res_hdidx[token];
  if (idx == -1) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  return &res_nva[idx];
}

Headers::value_type *Request::get_req_header(int16_t token) {
  auto idx = req_hdidx[token];
  if (idx == -1) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  return &req_nva[idx];
}

void Request::record_request_start_time() {
  timing.state = RequestState::ON_REQUEST;
  timing.request_start_time = get_time();
}

void Request::record_response_start_time() {
  timing.state = RequestState::ON_RESPONSE;
  timing.response_start_time = get_time();
}

void Request::record_response_end_time() {
  timing.state = RequestState::ON_COMPLETE;
  timing.response_end_time = get_time();
}

namespace {
int htp_msg_begincb(http_parser *htp) {
  if (config.verbose) {
    print_timer();
    std::cout << " HTTP Upgrade response" << std::endl;
  }
  return 0;
}
} // namespace

namespace {
int htp_statuscb(http_parser *htp, const char *at, size_t length) {
  auto client = static_cast<HttpClient *>(htp->data);
  client->upgrade_response_status_code = htp->status_code;
  return 0;
}
} // namespace

namespace {
int htp_msg_completecb(http_parser *htp) {
  auto client = static_cast<HttpClient *>(htp->data);
  client->upgrade_response_complete = true;
  return 0;
}
} // namespace

namespace {
http_parser_settings htp_hooks = {
    htp_msg_begincb,   // http_cb      on_message_begin;
    nullptr,           // http_data_cb on_url;
    htp_statuscb,      // http_data_cb on_status;
    nullptr,           // http_data_cb on_header_field;
    nullptr,           // http_data_cb on_header_value;
    nullptr,           // http_cb      on_headers_complete;
    nullptr,           // http_data_cb on_body;
    htp_msg_completecb // http_cb      on_message_complete;
};
} // namespace

namespace {
int submit_request(HttpClient *client, const Headers &headers, Request *req) {
  auto path = req->make_reqpath();
  auto scheme = util::get_uri_field(req->uri.c_str(), req->u, UF_SCHEMA);
  auto build_headers = Headers{{":method", req->data_prd ? "POST" : "GET"},
                               {":path", path},
                               {":scheme", scheme},
                               {":authority", client->hostport},
                               {"accept", "*/*"},
                               {"accept-encoding", "gzip, deflate"},
                               {"user-agent", "nghttp2/" NGHTTP2_VERSION}};
  if (config.continuation) {
    for (size_t i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
      build_headers.emplace_back("continuation-test-" + util::utos(i + 1),
                                 std::string(4_k, '-'));
    }
  }
  auto num_initial_headers = build_headers.size();
  if (!config.no_content_length && req->data_prd) {
    build_headers.emplace_back("content-length", util::utos(req->data_length));
  }
  for (auto &kv : headers) {
    size_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < num_initial_headers; ++i) {
      if (kv.name == build_headers[i].name) {
        build_headers[i].value = kv.value;
        break;
      }
    }
    if (i < num_initial_headers) {
      continue;
    }

    build_headers.emplace_back(kv.name, kv.value, kv.no_index);
  }

  auto nva = std::vector<nghttp2_nv>();
  nva.reserve(build_headers.size());

  for (auto &kv : build_headers) {
    nva.push_back(http2::make_nv(kv.name, kv.value, kv.no_index));
  }

  std::string trailer_names;
  if (!config.trailer.empty()) {
    trailer_names = config.trailer[0].name;
    for (size_t i = 1; i < config.trailer.size(); ++i) {
      trailer_names += ", ";
      trailer_names += config.trailer[i].name;
    }
    nva.push_back(http2::make_nv_ls("trailer", trailer_names));
  }

  auto stream_id =
      nghttp2_submit_request(client->session, &req->pri_spec, nva.data(),
                             nva.size(), req->data_prd, req);
  if (stream_id < 0) {
    std::cerr << "[ERROR] nghttp2_submit_request() returned error: "
              << nghttp2_strerror(stream_id) << std::endl;
    return -1;
  }

  req->stream_id = stream_id;
  client->request_done(req);

  req->req_nva = std::move(build_headers);

  return 0;
}
} // namespace

namespace {
void readcb(struct ev_loop *loop, ev_io *w, int revents) {
  auto client = static_cast<HttpClient *>(w->data);
  if (client->do_read() != 0) {
    client->disconnect();
  }
}
} // namespace

namespace {
void writecb(struct ev_loop *loop, ev_io *w, int revents) {
  auto client = static_cast<HttpClient *>(w->data);
  auto rv = client->do_write();
  if (rv == HttpClient::ERR_CONNECT_FAIL) {
    client->connect_fail();
    return;
  }
  if (rv != 0) {
    client->disconnect();
  }
}
} // namespace

namespace {
void timeoutcb(struct ev_loop *loop, ev_timer *w, int revents) {
  auto client = static_cast<HttpClient *>(w->data);
  std::cerr << "[ERROR] Timeout" << std::endl;
  client->disconnect();
}
} // namespace

namespace {
void settings_timeout_cb(struct ev_loop *loop, ev_timer *w, int revents) {
  auto client = static_cast<HttpClient *>(w->data);
  ev_timer_stop(loop, w);

  nghttp2_session_terminate_session(client->session, NGHTTP2_SETTINGS_TIMEOUT);

  client->signal_write();
}
} // namespace

HttpClient::HttpClient(const nghttp2_session_callbacks *callbacks,
                       struct ev_loop *loop, SSL_CTX *ssl_ctx)
    : session(nullptr), callbacks(callbacks), loop(loop), ssl_ctx(ssl_ctx),
      ssl(nullptr), addrs(nullptr), next_addr(nullptr), cur_addr(nullptr),
      complete(0), success(0), settings_payloadlen(0), state(ClientState::IDLE),
      upgrade_response_status_code(0), fd(-1),
      upgrade_response_complete(false) {
  ev_io_init(&wev, writecb, 0, EV_WRITE);
  ev_io_init(&rev, readcb, 0, EV_READ);

  wev.data = this;
  rev.data = this;

  ev_timer_init(&wt, timeoutcb, 0., config.timeout);
  ev_timer_init(&rt, timeoutcb, 0., config.timeout);

  wt.data = this;
  rt.data = this;

  ev_timer_init(&settings_timer, settings_timeout_cb, 0., 10.);

  settings_timer.data = this;
}

HttpClient::~HttpClient() {
  disconnect();

  if (addrs) {
    freeaddrinfo(addrs);
    addrs = nullptr;
    next_addr = nullptr;
  }
}

bool HttpClient::need_upgrade() const {
  return config.upgrade && scheme == "http";
}

int HttpClient::resolve_host(const std::string &host, uint16_t port) {
  int rv;
  addrinfo hints;
  this->host = host;
  memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
  hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
  hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
  hints.ai_protocol = 0;
  hints.ai_flags = AI_ADDRCONFIG;
  rv = getaddrinfo(host.c_str(), util::utos(port).c_str(), &hints, &addrs);
  if (rv != 0) {
    std::cerr << "[ERROR] getaddrinfo() failed: " << gai_strerror(rv)
              << std::endl;
    return -1;
  }
  if (addrs == nullptr) {
    std::cerr << "[ERROR] No address returned" << std::endl;
    return -1;
  }
  next_addr = addrs;
  return 0;
}

int HttpClient::initiate_connection() {
  int rv;

  cur_addr = nullptr;
  while (next_addr) {
    cur_addr = next_addr;
    next_addr = next_addr->ai_next;
    fd = util::create_nonblock_socket(cur_addr->ai_family);
    if (fd == -1) {
      continue;
    }

    if (ssl_ctx) {
      // We are establishing TLS connection.
      ssl = SSL_new(ssl_ctx);
      if (!ssl) {
        std::cerr << "[ERROR] SSL_new() failed: "
                  << ERR_error_string(ERR_get_error(), nullptr) << std::endl;
        return -1;
      }

      SSL_set_fd(ssl, fd);
      SSL_set_connect_state(ssl);

      // If the user overrode the :authority or host header, use that
      // value for the SNI extension
      const char *host_string = nullptr;
      auto i = std::find_if(std::begin(config.headers),
                            std::end(config.headers), [](const Header &nv) {
        return ":authority" == nv.name || "host" == nv.name;
      });
      if (i != std::end(config.headers)) {
        host_string = (*i).value.c_str();
      } else {
        host_string = host.c_str();
      }

      if (!util::numeric_host(host_string)) {
        SSL_set_tlsext_host_name(ssl, host_string);
      }
    }

    rv = connect(fd, cur_addr->ai_addr, cur_addr->ai_addrlen);

    if (rv != 0 && errno != EINPROGRESS) {
      if (ssl) {
        SSL_free(ssl);
        ssl = nullptr;
      }
      close(fd);
      fd = -1;
      continue;
    }
    break;
  }

  if (fd == -1) {
    return -1;
  }

  writefn = &HttpClient::connected;

  if (need_upgrade()) {
    on_readfn = &HttpClient::on_upgrade_read;
    on_writefn = &HttpClient::on_upgrade_connect;
  } else {
    on_readfn = &HttpClient::on_read;
    on_writefn = &HttpClient::on_write;
  }

  ev_io_set(&rev, fd, EV_READ);
  ev_io_set(&wev, fd, EV_WRITE);

  ev_io_start(loop, &wev);

  ev_timer_again(loop, &wt);

  return 0;
}

void HttpClient::disconnect() {
  state = ClientState::IDLE;

  ev_timer_stop(loop, &settings_timer);

  ev_timer_stop(loop, &rt);
  ev_timer_stop(loop, &wt);

  ev_io_stop(loop, &rev);
  ev_io_stop(loop, &wev);

  nghttp2_session_del(session);
  session = nullptr;

  if (ssl) {
    SSL_set_shutdown(ssl, SSL_RECEIVED_SHUTDOWN);
    ERR_clear_error();
    SSL_shutdown(ssl);
    SSL_free(ssl);
    ssl = nullptr;
  }

  if (fd != -1) {
    shutdown(fd, SHUT_WR);
    close(fd);
    fd = -1;
  }
}

int HttpClient::read_clear() {
  ev_timer_again(loop, &rt);

  std::array<uint8_t, 8_k> buf;

  for (;;) {
    ssize_t nread;
    while ((nread = read(fd, buf.data(), buf.size())) == -1 && errno == EINTR)
      ;
    if (nread == -1) {
      if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK) {
        return 0;
      }
      return -1;
    }

    if (nread == 0) {
      return -1;
    }

    if (on_readfn(*this, buf.data(), nread) != 0) {
      return -1;
    }
  }

  return 0;
}

int HttpClient::write_clear() {
  ev_timer_again(loop, &rt);

  for (;;) {
    if (wb.rleft() > 0) {
      ssize_t nwrite;
      while ((nwrite = write(fd, wb.pos, wb.rleft())) == -1 && errno == EINTR)
        ;
      if (nwrite == -1) {
        if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK) {
          ev_io_start(loop, &wev);
          ev_timer_again(loop, &wt);
          return 0;
        }
        return -1;
      }
      wb.drain(nwrite);
      continue;
    }
    wb.reset();
    if (on_writefn(*this) != 0) {
      return -1;
    }
    if (wb.rleft() == 0) {
      break;
    }
  }

  ev_io_stop(loop, &wev);
  ev_timer_stop(loop, &wt);

  return 0;
}

int HttpClient::noop() { return 0; }

void HttpClient::connect_fail() {
  if (state == ClientState::IDLE) {
    std::cerr << "[ERROR] Could not connect to the address "
              << util::numeric_name(cur_addr->ai_addr, cur_addr->ai_addrlen)
              << std::endl;
  }
  auto cur_state = state;
  disconnect();
  if (cur_state == ClientState::IDLE) {
    if (initiate_connection() == 0) {
      std::cerr << "Trying next address "
                << util::numeric_name(cur_addr->ai_addr, cur_addr->ai_addrlen)
                << std::endl;
    }
  }
}

int HttpClient::connected() {
  if (!util::check_socket_connected(fd)) {
    return ERR_CONNECT_FAIL;
  }

  if (config.verbose) {
    print_timer();
    std::cout << " Connected" << std::endl;
  }

  state = ClientState::CONNECTED;

  ev_io_start(loop, &rev);
  ev_io_stop(loop, &wev);

  ev_timer_again(loop, &rt);
  ev_timer_stop(loop, &wt);

  if (ssl) {
    readfn = &HttpClient::tls_handshake;
    writefn = &HttpClient::tls_handshake;

    return do_write();
  }

  readfn = &HttpClient::read_clear;
  writefn = &HttpClient::write_clear;

  if (need_upgrade()) {
    htp = make_unique<http_parser>();
    http_parser_init(htp.get(), HTTP_RESPONSE);
    htp->data = this;

    return do_write();
  }

  if (connection_made() != 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  return 0;
}

namespace {
size_t populate_settings(nghttp2_settings_entry *iv) {
  size_t niv = 2;

  iv[0].settings_id = NGHTTP2_SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS;
  iv[0].value = 100;

  iv[1].settings_id = NGHTTP2_SETTINGS_INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE;
  if (config.window_bits != -1) {
    iv[1].value = (1 << config.window_bits) - 1;
  } else {
    iv[1].value = NGHTTP2_INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE;
  }

  if (config.header_table_size >= 0) {
    iv[niv].settings_id = NGHTTP2_SETTINGS_HEADER_TABLE_SIZE;
    iv[niv].value = config.header_table_size;
    ++niv;
  }

  if (config.no_push) {
    iv[niv].settings_id = NGHTTP2_SETTINGS_ENABLE_PUSH;
    iv[niv].value = 0;
    ++niv;
  }

  return niv;
}
} // namespace

int HttpClient::on_upgrade_connect() {
  ssize_t rv;
  record_connect_end_time();
  assert(!reqvec.empty());
  std::array<nghttp2_settings_entry, 16> iv;
  size_t niv = populate_settings(iv.data());
  assert(settings_payload.size() >= 8 * niv);
  rv = nghttp2_pack_settings_payload(settings_payload.data(),
                                     settings_payload.size(), iv.data(), niv);
  if (rv < 0) {
    return -1;
  }
  settings_payloadlen = rv;
  auto token68 =
      base64::encode(std::begin(settings_payload),
                     std::begin(settings_payload) + settings_payloadlen);
  util::to_token68(token68);
  std::string req;
  if (reqvec[0]->data_prd) {
    // If the request contains upload data, use OPTIONS * to upgrade
    req = "OPTIONS *";
  } else {
    req = "GET ";
    req += reqvec[0]->make_reqpath();
  }

  auto headers = Headers{{"Host", hostport},
                         {"Connection", "Upgrade, HTTP2-Settings"},
                         {"Upgrade", NGHTTP2_CLEARTEXT_PROTO_VERSION_ID},
                         {"HTTP2-Settings", token68},
                         {"Accept", "*/*"},
                         {"User-Agent", "nghttp2/" NGHTTP2_VERSION}};
  auto initial_headerslen = headers.size();

  for (auto &kv : config.headers) {
    size_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < initial_headerslen; ++i) {
      if (util::strieq(kv.name, headers[i].name)) {
        headers[i].value = kv.value;
        break;
      }
    }
    if (i < initial_headerslen) {
      continue;
    }
    if (kv.name.size() != 0 && kv.name[0] != ':') {
      headers.emplace_back(kv.name, kv.value, kv.no_index);
    }
  }

  req += " HTTP/1.1\r\n";

  for (auto &kv : headers) {
    req += kv.name;
    req += ": ";
    req += kv.value;
    req += "\r\n";
  }
  req += "\r\n";

  wb.write(req.c_str(), req.size());

  if (config.verbose) {
    print_timer();
    std::cout << " HTTP Upgrade request\n" << req << std::endl;
  }

  // record request time if this is GET request
  if (!reqvec[0]->data_prd) {
    reqvec[0]->record_request_start_time();
  }

  on_writefn = &HttpClient::noop;

  signal_write();

  return 0;
}

int HttpClient::on_upgrade_read(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
  int rv;

  auto nread = http_parser_execute(htp.get(), &htp_hooks,
                                   reinterpret_cast<const char *>(data), len);

  if (config.verbose) {
    std::cout.write(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(data), nread);
  }

  auto htperr = HTTP_PARSER_ERRNO(htp.get());

  if (htperr != HPE_OK) {
    std::cerr << "[ERROR] Failed to parse HTTP Upgrade response header: "
              << "(" << http_errno_name(htperr) << ") "
              << http_errno_description(htperr) << std::endl;
    return -1;
  }

  if (!upgrade_response_complete) {
    return 0;
  }

  if (config.verbose) {
    std::cout << std::endl;
  }

  if (upgrade_response_status_code != 101) {
    std::cerr << "[ERROR] HTTP Upgrade failed" << std::endl;

    return -1;
  }

  if (config.verbose) {
    print_timer();
    std::cout << " HTTP Upgrade success" << std::endl;
  }

  on_readfn = &HttpClient::on_read;
  on_writefn = &HttpClient::on_write;

  rv = connection_made();
  if (rv != 0) {
    return rv;
  }

  // Read remaining data in the buffer because it is not notified
  // callback anymore.
  rv = on_readfn(*this, data + nread, len - nread);
  if (rv != 0) {
    return rv;
  }

  return 0;
}

int HttpClient::do_read() { return readfn(*this); }
int HttpClient::do_write() { return writefn(*this); }

int HttpClient::connection_made() {
  int rv;

  if (!need_upgrade()) {
    record_connect_end_time();
  }

  if (ssl) {
    // Check NPN or ALPN result
    const unsigned char *next_proto = nullptr;
    unsigned int next_proto_len;
    SSL_get0_next_proto_negotiated(ssl, &next_proto, &next_proto_len);
    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
      if (next_proto) {
        if (config.verbose) {
          std::cout << "The negotiated protocol: ";
          std::cout.write(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(next_proto),
                          next_proto_len);
          std::cout << std::endl;
        }
        if (!util::check_h2_is_selected(next_proto, next_proto_len)) {
          next_proto = nullptr;
        }
        break;
      }
#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x10002000L
      SSL_get0_alpn_selected(ssl, &next_proto, &next_proto_len);
#else  // OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x10002000L
      break;
#endif // OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x10002000L
    }
    if (!next_proto) {
      print_protocol_nego_error();
      return -1;
    }
  }

  rv = nghttp2_session_client_new2(&session, callbacks, this,
                                   config.http2_option);

  if (rv != 0) {
    return -1;
  }
  if (need_upgrade()) {
    // Adjust stream user-data depending on the existence of upload
    // data
    Request *stream_user_data = nullptr;
    if (!reqvec[0]->data_prd) {
      stream_user_data = reqvec[0].get();
    }
    rv = nghttp2_session_upgrade(session, settings_payload.data(),
                                 settings_payloadlen, stream_user_data);
    if (rv != 0) {
      std::cerr << "[ERROR] nghttp2_session_upgrade() returned error: "
                << nghttp2_strerror(rv) << std::endl;
      return -1;
    }
    if (stream_user_data) {
      stream_user_data->stream_id = 1;
      request_done(stream_user_data);
    }
  }
  // If upgrade succeeds, the SETTINGS value sent with
  // HTTP2-Settings header field has already been submitted to
  // session object.
  if (!need_upgrade()) {
    std::array<nghttp2_settings_entry, 16> iv;
    auto niv = populate_settings(iv.data());
    rv = nghttp2_submit_settings(session, NGHTTP2_FLAG_NONE, iv.data(), niv);
    if (rv != 0) {
      return -1;
    }
  }
  if (!config.no_dep) {
    // Create anchor stream nodes
    nghttp2_priority_spec pri_spec;

    for (auto &anchor : anchors) {
      nghttp2_priority_spec_init(&pri_spec, anchor.dep_stream_id, anchor.weight,
                                 0);
      rv = nghttp2_submit_priority(session, NGHTTP2_FLAG_NONE, anchor.stream_id,
                                   &pri_spec);
      if (rv != 0) {
        return -1;
      }
    }

    rv = nghttp2_session_set_next_stream_id(
        session, anchors[ANCHOR_FOLLOWERS].stream_id + 2);
    if (rv != 0) {
      return -1;
    }

    if (need_upgrade()) {
      // Amend the priority because we cannot send priority in
      // HTTP/1.1 Upgrade.
      auto &anchor = anchors[ANCHOR_FOLLOWERS];
      nghttp2_priority_spec_init(&pri_spec, anchor.stream_id, config.weight, 0);

      rv = nghttp2_submit_priority(session, NGHTTP2_FLAG_NONE, 1, &pri_spec);
      if (rv != 0) {
        return -1;
      }
    }
  } else if (need_upgrade() && config.weight != NGHTTP2_DEFAULT_WEIGHT) {
    // Amend the priority because we cannot send priority in
    // HTTP/1.1 Upgrade.
    nghttp2_priority_spec pri_spec;

    nghttp2_priority_spec_init(&pri_spec, 0, config.weight, 0);

    rv = nghttp2_submit_priority(session, NGHTTP2_FLAG_NONE, 1, &pri_spec);
    if (rv != 0) {
      return -1;
    }
  }

  ev_timer_again(loop, &settings_timer);

  if (config.connection_window_bits != -1) {
    int32_t wininc = (1 << config.connection_window_bits) - 1 -
                     NGHTTP2_INITIAL_CONNECTION_WINDOW_SIZE;
    rv = nghttp2_submit_window_update(session, NGHTTP2_FLAG_NONE, 0, wininc);
    if (rv != 0) {
      return -1;
    }
  }
  // Adjust first request depending on the existence of the upload
  // data
  for (auto i = std::begin(reqvec) + (need_upgrade() && !reqvec[0]->data_prd);
       i != std::end(reqvec); ++i) {
    if (submit_request(this, config.headers, (*i).get()) != 0) {
      return -1;
    }
  }

  signal_write();

  return 0;
}

int HttpClient::on_read(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
  if (config.hexdump) {
    util::hexdump(stdout, data, len);
  }

  auto rv = nghttp2_session_mem_recv(session, data, len);
  if (rv < 0) {
    std::cerr << "[ERROR] nghttp2_session_mem_recv() returned error: "
              << nghttp2_strerror(rv) << std::endl;
    return -1;
  }

  assert(static_cast<size_t>(rv) == len);

  if (nghttp2_session_want_read(session) == 0 &&
      nghttp2_session_want_write(session) == 0 && wb.rleft() == 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  signal_write();

  return 0;
}

int HttpClient::on_write() {
  auto rv = nghttp2_session_send(session);
  if (rv != 0) {
    std::cerr << "[ERROR] nghttp2_session_send() returned error: "
              << nghttp2_strerror(rv) << std::endl;
    return -1;
  }

  if (nghttp2_session_want_read(session) == 0 &&
      nghttp2_session_want_write(session) == 0 && wb.rleft() == 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  return 0;
}

int HttpClient::tls_handshake() {
  ev_timer_again(loop, &rt);

  ERR_clear_error();

  auto rv = SSL_do_handshake(ssl);

  if (rv == 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  if (rv < 0) {
    auto err = SSL_get_error(ssl, rv);
    switch (err) {
    case SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
      ev_io_stop(loop, &wev);
      ev_timer_stop(loop, &wt);
      return 0;
    case SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE:
      ev_io_start(loop, &wev);
      ev_timer_again(loop, &wt);
      return 0;
    default:
      return -1;
    }
  }

  ev_io_stop(loop, &wev);
  ev_timer_stop(loop, &wt);

  readfn = &HttpClient::read_tls;
  writefn = &HttpClient::write_tls;

  if (connection_made() != 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  return 0;
}

int HttpClient::read_tls() {
  ev_timer_again(loop, &rt);

  ERR_clear_error();

  std::array<uint8_t, 8_k> buf;
  for (;;) {
    auto rv = SSL_read(ssl, buf.data(), buf.size());

    if (rv == 0) {
      return -1;
    }

    if (rv < 0) {
      auto err = SSL_get_error(ssl, rv);
      switch (err) {
      case SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
        return 0;
      case SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE:
        // renegotiation started
        return -1;
      default:
        return -1;
      }
    }

    if (on_readfn(*this, buf.data(), rv) != 0) {
      return -1;
    }
  }
}

int HttpClient::write_tls() {
  ev_timer_again(loop, &rt);

  ERR_clear_error();

  for (;;) {
    if (wb.rleft() > 0) {
      auto rv = SSL_write(ssl, wb.pos, wb.rleft());

      if (rv == 0) {
        return -1;
      }

      if (rv < 0) {
        auto err = SSL_get_error(ssl, rv);
        switch (err) {
        case SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
          // renegotiation started
          return -1;
        case SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE:
          ev_io_start(loop, &wev);
          ev_timer_again(loop, &wt);
          return 0;
        default:
          return -1;
        }
      }

      wb.drain(rv);

      continue;
    }
    wb.reset();
    if (on_writefn(*this) != 0) {
      return -1;
    }
    if (wb.rleft() == 0) {
      break;
    }
  }

  ev_io_stop(loop, &wev);
  ev_timer_stop(loop, &wt);

  return 0;
}

void HttpClient::signal_write() { ev_io_start(loop, &wev); }

bool HttpClient::all_requests_processed() const {
  return complete == reqvec.size();
}

void HttpClient::update_hostport() {
  if (reqvec.empty()) {
    return;
  }
  scheme = util::get_uri_field(reqvec[0]->uri.c_str(), reqvec[0]->u, UF_SCHEMA);
  std::stringstream ss;
  if (reqvec[0]->is_ipv6_literal_addr()) {
    // we may have zone ID, which must start with "%25", or "%".  RFC
    // 6874 defines "%25" only, and just "%" is allowed for just
    // convenience to end-user input.
    auto host =
        util::get_uri_field(reqvec[0]->uri.c_str(), reqvec[0]->u, UF_HOST);
    auto end = std::find(std::begin(host), std::end(host), '%');
    ss << "[";
    ss.write(host.c_str(), end - std::begin(host));
    ss << "]";
  } else {
    util::write_uri_field(ss, reqvec[0]->uri.c_str(), reqvec[0]->u, UF_HOST);
  }
  if (util::has_uri_field(reqvec[0]->u, UF_PORT) &&
      reqvec[0]->u.port !=
          util::get_default_port(reqvec[0]->uri.c_str(), reqvec[0]->u)) {
    ss << ":" << reqvec[0]->u.port;
  }
  hostport = ss.str();
}

bool HttpClient::add_request(const std::string &uri,
                             const nghttp2_data_provider *data_prd,
                             int64_t data_length,
                             const nghttp2_priority_spec &pri_spec, int level) {
  http_parser_url u;
  memset(&u, 0, sizeof(u));
  if (http_parser_parse_url(uri.c_str(), uri.size(), 0, &u) != 0) {
    return false;
  }
  if (path_cache.count(uri)) {
    return false;
  }

  if (config.multiply == 1) {
    path_cache.insert(uri);
  }

  reqvec.push_back(
      make_unique<Request>(uri, u, data_prd, data_length, pri_spec, level));
  return true;
}

void HttpClient::record_start_time() {
  timing.system_start_time = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
  timing.start_time = get_time();
}

void HttpClient::record_domain_lookup_end_time() {
  timing.domain_lookup_end_time = get_time();
}

void HttpClient::record_connect_end_time() {
  timing.connect_end_time = get_time();
}

void HttpClient::request_done(Request *req) {
  if (req->stream_id % 2 == 0) {
    return;
  }
}

#ifdef HAVE_JANSSON
void HttpClient::output_har(FILE *outfile) {
  static auto PAGE_ID = "page_0";

  auto root = json_object();
  auto log = json_object();
  json_object_set_new(root, "log", log);
  json_object_set_new(log, "version", json_string("1.2"));

  auto creator = json_object();
  json_object_set_new(log, "creator", creator);

  json_object_set_new(creator, "name", json_string("nghttp"));
  json_object_set_new(creator, "version", json_string(NGHTTP2_VERSION));

  auto pages = json_array();
  json_object_set_new(log, "pages", pages);

  auto page = json_object();
  json_array_append_new(pages, page);

  json_object_set_new(
      page, "startedDateTime",
      json_string(util::format_iso8601(timing.system_start_time).c_str()));
  json_object_set_new(page, "id", json_string(PAGE_ID));
  json_object_set_new(page, "title", json_string(""));

  json_object_set_new(page, "pageTimings", json_object());

  auto entries = json_array();
  json_object_set_new(log, "entries", entries);

  auto dns_delta =
      std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(
          timing.domain_lookup_end_time - timing.start_time).count() /
      1000.0;
  auto connect_delta =
      std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(
          timing.connect_end_time - timing.domain_lookup_end_time).count() /
      1000.0;

  for (size_t i = 0; i < reqvec.size(); ++i) {
    auto &req = reqvec[i];

    if (req->timing.state != RequestState::ON_COMPLETE) {
      continue;
    }

    auto entry = json_object();
    json_array_append_new(entries, entry);

    auto &req_timing = req->timing;
    auto request_time =
        (i == 0) ? timing.system_start_time
                 : timing.system_start_time +
                       std::chrono::duration_cast<
                           std::chrono::system_clock::duration>(
                           req_timing.request_start_time - timing.start_time);

    auto wait_delta = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(
                          req_timing.response_start_time -
                          req_timing.request_start_time).count() /
                      1000.0;
    auto receive_delta = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(
                             req_timing.response_end_time -
                             req_timing.response_start_time).count() /
                         1000.0;

    auto time_sum =
        std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(
            (i == 0) ? (req_timing.response_end_time - timing.start_time)
                     : (req_timing.response_end_time -
                        req_timing.request_start_time)).count() /
        1000.0;

    json_object_set_new(
        entry, "startedDateTime",
        json_string(util::format_iso8601(request_time).c_str()));
    json_object_set_new(entry, "time", json_real(time_sum));

    auto request = json_object();
    json_object_set_new(entry, "request", request);

    auto method_ptr = http2::get_header(req->req_nva, ":method");

    const char *method = "GET";
    if (method_ptr) {
      method = (*method_ptr).value.c_str();
    }

    auto req_headers = json_array();
    json_object_set_new(request, "headers", req_headers);

    for (auto &nv : req->req_nva) {
      auto hd = json_object();
      json_array_append_new(req_headers, hd);

      json_object_set_new(hd, "name", json_string(nv.name.c_str()));
      json_object_set_new(hd, "value", json_string(nv.value.c_str()));
    }

    json_object_set_new(request, "method", json_string(method));
    json_object_set_new(request, "url", json_string(req->uri.c_str()));
    json_object_set_new(request, "httpVersion", json_string("HTTP/2.0"));
    json_object_set_new(request, "cookies", json_array());
    json_object_set_new(request, "queryString", json_array());
    json_object_set_new(request, "headersSize", json_integer(-1));
    json_object_set_new(request, "bodySize", json_integer(-1));

    auto response = json_object();
    json_object_set_new(entry, "response", response);

    auto res_headers = json_array();
    json_object_set_new(response, "headers", res_headers);

    for (auto &nv : req->res_nva) {
      auto hd = json_object();
      json_array_append_new(res_headers, hd);

      json_object_set_new(hd, "name", json_string(nv.name.c_str()));
      json_object_set_new(hd, "value", json_string(nv.value.c_str()));
    }

    json_object_set_new(response, "status", json_integer(req->status));
    json_object_set_new(response, "statusText", json_string(""));
    json_object_set_new(response, "httpVersion", json_string("HTTP/2.0"));
    json_object_set_new(response, "cookies", json_array());

    auto content = json_object();
    json_object_set_new(response, "content", content);

    json_object_set_new(content, "size", json_integer(req->response_len));

    auto content_type_ptr = http2::get_header(req->res_nva, "content-type");

    const char *content_type = "";
    if (content_type_ptr) {
      content_type = content_type_ptr->value.c_str();
    }

    json_object_set_new(content, "mimeType", json_string(content_type));

    json_object_set_new(response, "redirectURL", json_string(""));
    json_object_set_new(response, "headersSize", json_integer(-1));
    json_object_set_new(response, "bodySize", json_integer(-1));

    json_object_set_new(entry, "cache", json_object());

    auto timings = json_object();
    json_object_set_new(entry, "timings", timings);

    auto dns_timing = (i == 0) ? dns_delta : 0;
    auto connect_timing = (i == 0) ? connect_delta : 0;

    json_object_set_new(timings, "dns", json_real(dns_timing));
    json_object_set_new(timings, "connect", json_real(connect_timing));

    json_object_set_new(timings, "blocked", json_real(0.0));
    json_object_set_new(timings, "send", json_real(0.0));
    json_object_set_new(timings, "wait", json_real(wait_delta));
    json_object_set_new(timings, "receive", json_real(receive_delta));

    json_object_set_new(entry, "pageref", json_string(PAGE_ID));
  }

  json_dumpf(root, outfile, JSON_PRESERVE_ORDER | JSON_INDENT(2));
  json_decref(root);
}
#endif // HAVE_JANSSON

namespace {
void update_html_parser(HttpClient *client, Request *req, const uint8_t *data,
                        size_t len, int fin) {
  if (!req->html_parser) {
    return;
  }
  req->update_html_parser(data, len, fin);

  for (auto &p : req->html_parser->get_links()) {
    auto uri = strip_fragment(p.first.c_str());
    auto res_type = p.second;

    http_parser_url u;
    memset(&u, 0, sizeof(u));
    if (http_parser_parse_url(uri.c_str(), uri.size(), 0, &u) == 0 &&
        util::fieldeq(uri.c_str(), u, req->uri.c_str(), req->u, UF_SCHEMA) &&
        util::fieldeq(uri.c_str(), u, req->uri.c_str(), req->u, UF_HOST) &&
        util::porteq(uri.c_str(), u, req->uri.c_str(), req->u)) {
      // No POST data for assets
      auto pri_spec = resolve_dep(res_type);

      if (client->add_request(uri, nullptr, 0, pri_spec, req->level + 1)) {

        submit_request(client, config.headers, client->reqvec.back().get());
      }
    }
  }
  req->html_parser->clear_links();
}
} // namespace

namespace {
HttpClient *get_client(void *user_data) {
  return static_cast<HttpClient *>(user_data);
}
} // namespace

namespace {
int on_data_chunk_recv_callback(nghttp2_session *session, uint8_t flags,
                                int32_t stream_id, const uint8_t *data,
                                size_t len, void *user_data) {
  auto client = get_client(user_data);
  auto req = static_cast<Request *>(
      nghttp2_session_get_stream_user_data(session, stream_id));

  if (!req) {
    return 0;
  }

  if (config.verbose >= 2) {
    verbose_on_data_chunk_recv_callback(session, flags, stream_id, data, len,
                                        user_data);
  }

  req->response_len += len;

  if (req->inflater) {
    while (len > 0) {
      const size_t MAX_OUTLEN = 4_k;
      std::array<uint8_t, MAX_OUTLEN> out;
      size_t outlen = MAX_OUTLEN;
      size_t tlen = len;
      int rv =
          nghttp2_gzip_inflate(req->inflater, out.data(), &outlen, data, &tlen);
      if (rv != 0) {
        nghttp2_submit_rst_stream(session, NGHTTP2_FLAG_NONE, stream_id,
                                  NGHTTP2_INTERNAL_ERROR);
        break;
      }

      if (!config.null_out) {
        std::cout.write(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(out.data()), outlen);
      }

      update_html_parser(client, req, out.data(), outlen, 0);
      data += tlen;
      len -= tlen;
    }

    return 0;
  }

  if (!config.null_out) {
    std::cout.write(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(data), len);
  }

  update_html_parser(client, req, data, len, 0);

  return 0;
}
} // namespace

namespace {
ssize_t select_padding_callback(nghttp2_session *session,
                                const nghttp2_frame *frame, size_t max_payload,
                                void *user_data) {
  return std::min(max_payload, frame->hd.length + config.padding);
}
} // namespace

namespace {
void check_response_header(nghttp2_session *session, Request *req) {
  bool gzip = false;

  req->expect_final_response = false;

  auto status_hd = req->get_res_header(http2::HD__STATUS);

  if (!status_hd) {
    nghttp2_submit_rst_stream(session, NGHTTP2_FLAG_NONE, req->stream_id,
                              NGHTTP2_PROTOCOL_ERROR);
    return;
  }

  auto status = http2::parse_http_status_code(status_hd->value);
  if (status == -1) {
    nghttp2_submit_rst_stream(session, NGHTTP2_FLAG_NONE, req->stream_id,
                              NGHTTP2_PROTOCOL_ERROR);
    return;
  }

  req->status = status;

  for (auto &nv : req->res_nva) {
    if ("content-encoding" == nv.name) {
      gzip = util::strieq_l("gzip", nv.value) ||
             util::strieq_l("deflate", nv.value);
      continue;
    }
  }

  if (req->status / 100 == 1) {
    req->expect_final_response = true;
    req->status = 0;
    req->res_nva.clear();
    http2::init_hdidx(req->res_hdidx);
    return;
  }

  if (gzip) {
    if (!req->inflater) {
      req->init_inflater();
    }
  }
  if (config.get_assets && req->level == 0) {
    if (!req->html_parser) {
      req->init_html_parser();
    }
  }
}
} // namespace

namespace {
int on_begin_headers_callback(nghttp2_session *session,
                              const nghttp2_frame *frame, void *user_data) {
  auto client = get_client(user_data);
  switch (frame->hd.type) {
  case NGHTTP2_HEADERS: {
    auto req = static_cast<Request *>(
        nghttp2_session_get_stream_user_data(session, frame->hd.stream_id));
    if (!req) {
      break;
    }

    switch (frame->headers.cat) {
    case NGHTTP2_HCAT_RESPONSE:
    case NGHTTP2_HCAT_PUSH_RESPONSE:
      req->record_response_start_time();
      break;
    default:
      break;
    }

    break;
  }
  case NGHTTP2_PUSH_PROMISE: {
    auto stream_id = frame->push_promise.promised_stream_id;
    http_parser_url u;
    memset(&u, 0, sizeof(u));
    // TODO Set pri and level
    nghttp2_priority_spec pri_spec;

    nghttp2_priority_spec_default_init(&pri_spec);

    auto req = make_unique<Request>("", u, nullptr, 0, pri_spec);
    req->stream_id = stream_id;

    nghttp2_session_set_stream_user_data(session, stream_id, req.get());

    client->request_done(req.get());
    req->record_request_start_time();
    client->reqvec.push_back(std::move(req));

    break;
  }
  }
  return 0;
}
} // namespace

namespace {
int on_header_callback(nghttp2_session *session, const nghttp2_frame *frame,
                       const uint8_t *name, size_t namelen,
                       const uint8_t *value, size_t valuelen, uint8_t flags,
                       void *user_data) {
  if (config.verbose) {
    verbose_on_header_callback(session, frame, name, namelen, value, valuelen,
                               flags, user_data);
  }

  switch (frame->hd.type) {
  case NGHTTP2_HEADERS: {
    auto req = static_cast<Request *>(
        nghttp2_session_get_stream_user_data(session, frame->hd.stream_id));

    if (!req) {
      break;
    }

    /* ignore trailer header */
    if (frame->headers.cat == NGHTTP2_HCAT_HEADERS &&
        !req->expect_final_response) {
      break;
    }

    auto token = http2::lookup_token(name, namelen);

    http2::index_header(req->res_hdidx, token, req->res_nva.size());
    http2::add_header(req->res_nva, name, namelen, value, valuelen,
                      flags & NGHTTP2_NV_FLAG_NO_INDEX, token);
    break;
  }
  case NGHTTP2_PUSH_PROMISE: {
    auto req = static_cast<Request *>(nghttp2_session_get_stream_user_data(
        session, frame->push_promise.promised_stream_id));

    if (!req) {
      break;
    }

    auto token = http2::lookup_token(name, namelen);

    http2::index_header(req->req_hdidx, token, req->req_nva.size());
    http2::add_header(req->req_nva, name, namelen, value, valuelen,
                      flags & NGHTTP2_NV_FLAG_NO_INDEX, token);
    break;
  }
  }
  return 0;
}
} // namespace

namespace {
int on_frame_recv_callback2(nghttp2_session *session,
                            const nghttp2_frame *frame, void *user_data) {
  int rv = 0;

  if (config.verbose) {
    verbose_on_frame_recv_callback(session, frame, user_data);
  }

  auto client = get_client(user_data);
  switch (frame->hd.type) {
  case NGHTTP2_DATA: {
    auto req = static_cast<Request *>(
        nghttp2_session_get_stream_user_data(session, frame->hd.stream_id));
    if (!req) {
      return 0;
      ;
    }

    if (frame->hd.flags & NGHTTP2_FLAG_END_STREAM) {
      req->record_response_end_time();
      ++client->success;
    }

    break;
  }
  case NGHTTP2_HEADERS: {
    auto req = static_cast<Request *>(
        nghttp2_session_get_stream_user_data(session, frame->hd.stream_id));
    // If this is the HTTP Upgrade with OPTIONS method to avoid POST,
    // req is nullptr.
    if (!req) {
      return 0;
      ;
    }

    switch (frame->headers.cat) {
    case NGHTTP2_HCAT_RESPONSE:
    case NGHTTP2_HCAT_PUSH_RESPONSE:
      check_response_header(session, req);
      break;
    case NGHTTP2_HCAT_HEADERS:
      if (req->expect_final_response) {
        check_response_header(session, req);
        break;
      }
      if ((frame->hd.flags & NGHTTP2_FLAG_END_STREAM) == 0) {
        nghttp2_submit_rst_stream(session, NGHTTP2_FLAG_NONE,
                                  frame->hd.stream_id, NGHTTP2_PROTOCOL_ERROR);
        return 0;
      }
      break;
    default:
      assert(0);
    }

    if (frame->hd.flags & NGHTTP2_FLAG_END_STREAM) {
      req->record_response_end_time();
      ++client->success;
    }

    break;
  }
  case NGHTTP2_SETTINGS:
    if ((frame->hd.flags & NGHTTP2_FLAG_ACK) == 0) {
      break;
    }
    ev_timer_stop(client->loop, &client->settings_timer);
    break;
  case NGHTTP2_PUSH_PROMISE: {
    auto req = static_cast<Request *>(nghttp2_session_get_stream_user_data(
        session, frame->push_promise.promised_stream_id));
    if (!req) {
      break;
    }
    auto scheme = req->get_req_header(http2::HD__SCHEME);
    auto authority = req->get_req_header(http2::HD__AUTHORITY);
    auto path = req->get_req_header(http2::HD__PATH);

    if (!authority) {
      authority = req->get_req_header(http2::HD_HOST);
    }

    // libnghttp2 guarantees :scheme, :method, :path and (:authority |
    // host) exist and non-empty.
    if (path->value[0] != '/') {
      nghttp2_submit_rst_stream(session, NGHTTP2_FLAG_NONE,
                                frame->push_promise.promised_stream_id,
                                NGHTTP2_PROTOCOL_ERROR);
      break;
    }
    std::string uri = scheme->value;
    uri += "://";
    uri += authority->value;
    uri += path->value;
    http_parser_url u;
    memset(&u, 0, sizeof(u));
    if (http_parser_parse_url(uri.c_str(), uri.size(), 0, &u) != 0) {
      nghttp2_submit_rst_stream(session, NGHTTP2_FLAG_NONE,
                                frame->push_promise.promised_stream_id,
                                NGHTTP2_PROTOCOL_ERROR);
      break;
    }
    req->uri = uri;
    req->u = u;

    if (client->path_cache.count(uri)) {
      nghttp2_submit_rst_stream(session, NGHTTP2_FLAG_NONE,
                                frame->push_promise.promised_stream_id,
                                NGHTTP2_CANCEL);
      break;
    }

    if (config.multiply == 1) {
      client->path_cache.insert(uri);
    }

    break;
  }
  }
  return rv;
}
} // namespace

namespace {
int before_frame_send_callback(nghttp2_session *session,
                               const nghttp2_frame *frame, void *user_data) {
  if (frame->hd.type != NGHTTP2_HEADERS ||
      frame->headers.cat != NGHTTP2_HCAT_REQUEST) {
    return 0;
  }
  auto req = static_cast<Request *>(
      nghttp2_session_get_stream_user_data(session, frame->hd.stream_id));
  assert(req);
  req->record_request_start_time();
  return 0;
}

} // namespace

namespace {
int on_stream_close_callback(nghttp2_session *session, int32_t stream_id,
                             uint32_t error_code, void *user_data) {
  auto client = get_client(user_data);
  auto req = static_cast<Request *>(
      nghttp2_session_get_stream_user_data(session, stream_id));

  if (!req) {
    return 0;
  }

  update_html_parser(client, req, nullptr, 0, 1);
  ++client->complete;

  if (client->all_requests_processed()) {
    nghttp2_session_terminate_session(session, NGHTTP2_NO_ERROR);
  }

  return 0;
}
} // namespace

struct RequestResult {
  std::chrono::microseconds time;
};

namespace {
void print_stats(const HttpClient &client) {
  std::cout << "***** Statistics *****" << std::endl;

  std::vector<Request *> reqs;
  reqs.reserve(client.reqvec.size());
  for (const auto &req : client.reqvec) {
    if (req->timing.state == RequestState::ON_COMPLETE) {
      reqs.push_back(req.get());
    }
  }

  std::sort(std::begin(reqs), std::end(reqs),
            [](const Request *lhs, const Request *rhs) {
    const auto &ltiming = lhs->timing;
    const auto &rtiming = rhs->timing;
    return ltiming.response_end_time < rtiming.response_end_time ||
           (ltiming.response_end_time == rtiming.response_end_time &&
            ltiming.request_start_time < rtiming.request_start_time);
  });

  std::cout << R"(
Request timing:
  responseEnd: the  time  when  last  byte of  response  was  received
               relative to connectEnd
 requestStart: the time  just before  first byte  of request  was sent
               relative  to connectEnd.   If  '*' is  shown, this  was
               pushed by server.
      process: responseEnd - requestStart
         code: HTTP status code
         size: number  of  bytes  received as  response  body  without
               inflation.
          URI: request URI

see http://www.w3.org/TR/resource-timing/#processing-model

sorted by 'complete'

id  responseEnd requestStart  process code size request path)" << std::endl;

  const auto &base = client.timing.connect_end_time;
  for (const auto &req : reqs) {
    auto response_end = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(
        req->timing.response_end_time - base);
    auto request_start = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(
        req->timing.request_start_time - base);
    auto total = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(
        req->timing.response_end_time - req->timing.request_start_time);
    auto pushed = req->stream_id % 2 == 0;

    std::cout << std::setw(3) << req->stream_id << " " << std::setw(11)
              << ("+" + util::format_duration(response_end)) << " "
              << (pushed ? "*" : " ") << std::setw(11)
              << ("+" + util::format_duration(request_start)) << " "
              << std::setw(8) << util::format_duration(total) << " "
              << std::setw(4) << req->status << " " << std::setw(4)
              << util::utos_with_unit(req->response_len) << " "
              << req->make_reqpath() << std::endl;
  }
}
} // namespace

namespace {
int client_select_next_proto_cb(SSL *ssl, unsigned char **out,
                                unsigned char *outlen, const unsigned char *in,
                                unsigned int inlen, void *arg) {
  if (config.verbose) {
    print_timer();
    std::cout << "[NPN] server offers:" << std::endl;
  }
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < inlen; i += in [i] + 1) {
    if (config.verbose) {
      std::cout << "          * ";
      std::cout.write(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&in[i + 1]), in[i]);
      std::cout << std::endl;
    }
  }
  if (!util::select_h2(const_cast<const unsigned char **>(out), outlen, in,
                       inlen)) {
    print_protocol_nego_error();
    return SSL_TLSEXT_ERR_NOACK;
  }
  return SSL_TLSEXT_ERR_OK;
}
} // namespace

namespace {
// Recommended general purpose "Intermediate compatibility" cipher by
// mozilla.
//
// https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS
const char *const CIPHER_LIST =
    "ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-"
    "AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:"
    "DHE-DSS-AES128-GCM-SHA256:kEDH+AESGCM:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-"
    "AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-"
    "AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-"
    "AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:DHE-DSS-AES128-SHA256:"
    "DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256:DHE-DSS-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:AES128-GCM-"
    "SHA256:AES256-GCM-SHA384:AES128-SHA256:AES256-SHA256:AES128-SHA:AES256-"
    "SHA:AES:CAMELLIA:DES-CBC3-SHA:!aNULL:!eNULL:!EXPORT:!DES:!RC4:!MD5:!PSK:!"
    "aECDH:!EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA:!EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:!KRB5-DES-CBC3-SHA";
} // namespace

namespace {
int communicate(
    const std::string &scheme, const std::string &host, uint16_t port,
    std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, nghttp2_data_provider *, int64_t>>
        requests, const nghttp2_session_callbacks *callbacks) {
  int result = 0;
  auto loop = EV_DEFAULT;
  SSL_CTX *ssl_ctx = nullptr;
  if (scheme == "https") {
    ssl_ctx = SSL_CTX_new(SSLv23_client_method());
    if (!ssl_ctx) {
      std::cerr << "[ERROR] Failed to create SSL_CTX: "
                << ERR_error_string(ERR_get_error(), nullptr) << std::endl;
      result = -1;
      goto fin;
    }

    auto ssl_opts = (SSL_OP_ALL & ~SSL_OP_DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS) |
                    SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2 | SSL_OP_NO_SSLv3 | SSL_OP_NO_COMPRESSION |
                    SSL_OP_NO_SESSION_RESUMPTION_ON_RENEGOTIATION;

    SSL_CTX_set_options(ssl_ctx, ssl_opts);
    SSL_CTX_set_mode(ssl_ctx, SSL_MODE_AUTO_RETRY);
    SSL_CTX_set_mode(ssl_ctx, SSL_MODE_RELEASE_BUFFERS);
    if (SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list(ssl_ctx, CIPHER_LIST) == 0) {
      std::cerr << "[ERROR] " << ERR_error_string(ERR_get_error(), nullptr)
                << std::endl;
      result = -1;
      goto fin;
    }
    if (!config.keyfile.empty()) {
      if (SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_file(ssl_ctx, config.keyfile.c_str(),
                                      SSL_FILETYPE_PEM) != 1) {
        std::cerr << "[ERROR] " << ERR_error_string(ERR_get_error(), nullptr)
                  << std::endl;
        result = -1;
        goto fin;
      }
    }
    if (!config.certfile.empty()) {
      if (SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain_file(ssl_ctx,
                                             config.certfile.c_str()) != 1) {
        std::cerr << "[ERROR] " << ERR_error_string(ERR_get_error(), nullptr)
                  << std::endl;
        result = -1;
        goto fin;
      }
    }
    SSL_CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb(ssl_ctx, client_select_next_proto_cb,
                                     nullptr);

#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x10002000L
    auto proto_list = util::get_default_alpn();

    SSL_CTX_set_alpn_protos(ssl_ctx, proto_list.data(), proto_list.size());
#endif // OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x10002000L
  }
  {
    HttpClient client{callbacks, loop, ssl_ctx};

    nghttp2_priority_spec pri_spec;
    int32_t dep_stream_id = 0;

    if (!config.no_dep) {
      dep_stream_id = anchors[ANCHOR_FOLLOWERS].stream_id;
    }

    nghttp2_priority_spec_init(&pri_spec, dep_stream_id, config.weight, 0);

    for (auto req : requests) {
      for (int i = 0; i < config.multiply; ++i) {
        client.add_request(std::get<0>(req), std::get<1>(req), std::get<2>(req),
                           pri_spec);
      }
    }
    client.update_hostport();

    client.record_start_time();

    if (client.resolve_host(host, port) != 0) {
      goto fin;
    }

    client.record_domain_lookup_end_time();

    if (client.initiate_connection() != 0) {
      std::cerr << "[ERROR] Could not connect to " << host << ", port " << port
                << std::endl;
      goto fin;
    }
    ev_run(loop, 0);

#ifdef HAVE_JANSSON
    if (!config.harfile.empty()) {
      FILE *outfile;
      if (config.harfile == "-") {
        outfile = stdout;
      } else {
        outfile = fopen(config.harfile.c_str(), "wb");
      }

      if (outfile) {
        client.output_har(outfile);

        if (outfile != stdout) {
          fclose(outfile);
        }
      } else {
        std::cerr << "Cannot open file " << config.harfile << ". "
                  << "har file could not be created." << std::endl;
      }
    }
#endif // HAVE_JANSSON

    if (client.success != client.reqvec.size()) {
      std::cerr << "Some requests were not processed. total="
                << client.reqvec.size() << ", processed=" << client.success
                << std::endl;
    }
    if (config.stat) {
      print_stats(client);
    }
  }
fin:
  if (ssl_ctx) {
    SSL_CTX_free(ssl_ctx);
  }
  return result;
}
} // namespace

namespace {
ssize_t file_read_callback(nghttp2_session *session, int32_t stream_id,
                           uint8_t *buf, size_t length, uint32_t *data_flags,
                           nghttp2_data_source *source, void *user_data) {
  int rv;
  auto req = static_cast<Request *>(
      nghttp2_session_get_stream_user_data(session, stream_id));
  assert(req);
  int fd = source->fd;
  ssize_t nread;

  while ((nread = pread(fd, buf, length, req->data_offset)) == -1 &&
         errno == EINTR)
    ;

  if (nread == -1) {
    return NGHTTP2_ERR_TEMPORAL_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
  }

  if (nread == 0) {
    *data_flags |= NGHTTP2_DATA_FLAG_EOF;
    if (!config.trailer.empty()) {
      std::vector<nghttp2_nv> nva;
      nva.reserve(config.trailer.size());
      for (auto &kv : config.trailer) {
        nva.push_back(http2::make_nv(kv.name, kv.value, kv.no_index));
      }
      rv = nghttp2_submit_trailer(session, stream_id, nva.data(), nva.size());
      if (rv != 0) {
        if (nghttp2_is_fatal(rv)) {
          return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
        }
      } else {
        *data_flags |= NGHTTP2_DATA_FLAG_NO_END_STREAM;
      }
    }
  } else {
    req->data_offset += nread;
  }

  return nread;
}
} // namespace

namespace {
ssize_t send_callback(nghttp2_session *session, const uint8_t *data,
                      size_t length, int flags, void *user_data) {
  auto client = static_cast<HttpClient *>(user_data);
  auto &wb = client->wb;

  if (wb.wleft() == 0) {
    return NGHTTP2_ERR_WOULDBLOCK;
  }

  return wb.write(data, length);
}
} // namespace

namespace {
int run(char **uris, int n) {
  nghttp2_session_callbacks *callbacks;

  nghttp2_session_callbacks_new(&callbacks);
  auto cbsdel = defer(nghttp2_session_callbacks_del, callbacks);

  nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_on_stream_close_callback(
      callbacks, on_stream_close_callback);

  nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_on_frame_recv_callback(callbacks,
                                                       on_frame_recv_callback2);

  if (config.verbose) {
    nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_on_frame_send_callback(
        callbacks, verbose_on_frame_send_callback);

    nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_on_invalid_frame_recv_callback(
        callbacks, verbose_on_invalid_frame_recv_callback);
  }

  nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_on_data_chunk_recv_callback(
      callbacks, on_data_chunk_recv_callback);

  nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_on_begin_headers_callback(
      callbacks, on_begin_headers_callback);

  nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_on_header_callback(callbacks,
                                                   on_header_callback);

  nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_before_frame_send_callback(
      callbacks, before_frame_send_callback);

  nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_send_callback(callbacks, send_callback);

  if (config.padding) {
    nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_select_padding_callback(
        callbacks, select_padding_callback);
  }

  std::string prev_scheme;
  std::string prev_host;
  uint16_t prev_port = 0;
  int failures = 0;
  int data_fd = -1;
  nghttp2_data_provider data_prd;
  struct stat data_stat;

  if (!config.datafile.empty()) {
    if (config.datafile == "-") {
      if (fstat(0, &data_stat) == 0 &&
          (data_stat.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFREG) {
        // use STDIN if it is a regular file
        data_fd = 0;
      } else {
        // copy the contents of STDIN to a temporary file
        char tempfn[] = "/tmp/nghttp.temp.XXXXXX";
        data_fd = mkstemp(tempfn);
        if (data_fd == -1) {
          std::cerr << "[ERROR] Could not create a temporary file in /tmp"
                    << std::endl;
          return 1;
        }
        if (unlink(tempfn) != 0) {
          std::cerr << "[WARNING] failed to unlink temporary file:" << tempfn
                    << std::endl;
        }
        while (1) {
          std::array<char, 1_k> buf;
          ssize_t rret, wret;
          while ((rret = read(0, buf.data(), buf.size())) == -1 &&
                 errno == EINTR)
            ;
          if (rret == 0)
            break;
          if (rret == -1) {
            std::cerr << "[ERROR] I/O error while reading from STDIN"
                      << std::endl;
            return 1;
          }
          while ((wret = write(data_fd, buf.data(), rret)) == -1 &&
                 errno == EINTR)
            ;
          if (wret != rret) {
            std::cerr << "[ERROR] I/O error while writing to temporary file"
                      << std::endl;
            return 1;
          }
        }
        if (fstat(data_fd, &data_stat) == -1) {
          close(data_fd);
          std::cerr << "[ERROR] Could not stat temporary file" << std::endl;
          return 1;
        }
      }
    } else {
      data_fd = open(config.datafile.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
      if (data_fd == -1) {
        std::cerr << "[ERROR] Could not open file " << config.datafile
                  << std::endl;
        return 1;
      }
      if (fstat(data_fd, &data_stat) == -1) {
        close(data_fd);
        std::cerr << "[ERROR] Could not stat file " << config.datafile
                  << std::endl;
        return 1;
      }
    }
    data_prd.source.fd = data_fd;
    data_prd.read_callback = file_read_callback;
  }
  std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, nghttp2_data_provider *, int64_t>>
      requests;
  for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
    http_parser_url u;
    memset(&u, 0, sizeof(u));
    auto uri = strip_fragment(uris[i]);
    if (http_parser_parse_url(uri.c_str(), uri.size(), 0, &u) != 0) {
      std::cerr << "[ERROR] Could not parse URI " << uri << std::endl;
      continue;
    }
    if (!util::has_uri_field(u, UF_SCHEMA)) {
      std::cerr << "[ERROR] URI " << uri << " does not have scheme part"
                << std::endl;
      continue;
    }
    auto port = util::has_uri_field(u, UF_PORT)
                    ? u.port
                    : util::get_default_port(uri.c_str(), u);
    auto host = decode_host(util::get_uri_field(uri.c_str(), u, UF_HOST));
    if (!util::fieldeq(uri.c_str(), u, UF_SCHEMA, prev_scheme.c_str()) ||
        host != prev_host || port != prev_port) {
      if (!requests.empty()) {
        if (communicate(prev_scheme, prev_host, prev_port, std::move(requests),
                        callbacks) != 0) {
          ++failures;
        }
        requests.clear();
      }
      prev_scheme = util::get_uri_field(uri.c_str(), u, UF_SCHEMA);
      prev_host = std::move(host);
      prev_port = port;
    }
    requests.emplace_back(uri, data_fd == -1 ? nullptr : &data_prd,
                          data_stat.st_size);
  }
  if (!requests.empty()) {
    if (communicate(prev_scheme, prev_host, prev_port, std::move(requests),
                    callbacks) != 0) {
      ++failures;
    }
  }
  return failures;
}
} // namespace

namespace {
void print_version(std::ostream &out) {
  out << "nghttp nghttp2/" NGHTTP2_VERSION << std::endl;
}
} // namespace

namespace {
void print_usage(std::ostream &out) {
  out << R"(Usage: nghttp [OPTIONS]... <URI>...
HTTP/2 experimental client)" << std::endl;
}
} // namespace

namespace {
void print_help(std::ostream &out) {
  print_usage(out);
  out << R"(
  <URI>       Specify URI to access.
Options:
  -v, --verbose
              Print   debug   information   such  as   reception   and
              transmission of frames and name/value pairs.  Specifying
              this option multiple times increases verbosity.
  -n, --null-out
              Discard downloaded data.
  -O, --remote-name
              Save  download  data  in  the  current  directory.   The
              filename is  dereived from URI.   If URI ends  with '/',
              'index.html'  is used  as a  filename.  Not  implemented
              yet.
  -t, --timeout=<DURATION>
              Timeout each request after <DURATION>.  Set 0 to disable
              timeout.
  -w, --window-bits=<N>
              Sets the stream level initial window size to 2**<N>-1.
  -W, --connection-window-bits=<N>
              Sets  the  connection  level   initial  window  size  to
              2**<N>-1.
  -a, --get-assets
              Download assets  such as stylesheets, images  and script
              files linked  from the downloaded resource.   Only links
              whose  origins are  the same  with the  linking resource
              will be downloaded.   nghttp prioritizes resources using
              HTTP/2 dependency  based priority.  The  priority order,
              from highest to lowest,  is html itself, css, javascript
              and images.
  -s, --stat  Print statistics.
  -H, --header=<HEADER>
              Add a header to the requests.  Example: -H':method: PUT'
  --trailer=<HEADER>
              Add a trailer header to the requests.  <HEADER> must not
              include pseudo header field  (header field name starting
              with ':').  To  send trailer, one must use  -d option to
              send request body.  Example: --trailer 'foo: bar'.
  --cert=<CERT>
              Use  the specified  client certificate  file.  The  file
              must be in PEM format.
  --key=<KEY> Use the  client private key  file.  The file must  be in
              PEM format.
  -d, --data=<FILE>
              Post FILE to server. If '-'  is given, data will be read
              from stdin.
  -m, --multiply=<N>
              Request each URI <N> times.  By default, same URI is not
              requested twice.  This option disables it too.
  -u, --upgrade
              Perform HTTP Upgrade for HTTP/2.  This option is ignored
              if the request URI has https scheme.  If -d is used, the
              HTTP upgrade request is performed with OPTIONS method.
  -p, --weight=<WEIGHT>
              Sets priority group weight.  The valid value range is
              [)" << NGHTTP2_MIN_WEIGHT << ", " << NGHTTP2_MAX_WEIGHT
      << R"(], inclusive.
              Default: )" << NGHTTP2_DEFAULT_WEIGHT << R"(
  -M, --peer-max-concurrent-streams=<N>
              Use  <N>  as  SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS  value  of
              remote endpoint as if it  is received in SETTINGS frame.
              The default is large enough as it is seen as unlimited.
  -c, --header-table-size=<SIZE>
              Specify decoder header table size.
  -b, --padding=<N>
              Add at  most <N>  bytes to a  frame payload  as padding.
              Specify 0 to disable padding.
  -r, --har=<FILE>
              Output HTTP  transactions <FILE> in HAR  format.  If '-'
              is given, data is written to stdout.
  --color     Force colored log output.
  --continuation
              Send large header to test CONTINUATION.
  --no-content-length
              Don't send content-length header field.
  --no-dep    Don't send dependency based priority hint to server.
  --hexdump   Display the  incoming traffic in  hexadecimal (Canonical
              hex+ASCII display).  If SSL/TLS  is used, decrypted data
              are used.
  --no-push   Disable server push.
  --version   Display version information and exit.
  -h, --help  Display this help and exit.

--

  The <SIZE> argument is an integer and an optional unit (e.g., 10K is
  10 * 1024).  Units are K, M and G (powers of 1024).

  The <DURATION> argument is an integer and an optional unit (e.g., 1s
  is 1 second and 500ms is 500 milliseconds).  Units are h, m, s or ms
  (hours, minutes, seconds and milliseconds, respectively).  If a unit
  is omitted, a second is used as unit.)" << std::endl;
}
} // namespace

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
  SSL_load_error_strings();
  SSL_library_init();
  OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
  OPENSSL_config(nullptr);

  bool color = false;
  while (1) {
    static int flag = 0;
    static option long_options[] = {
        {"verbose", no_argument, nullptr, 'v'},
        {"null-out", no_argument, nullptr, 'n'},
        {"remote-name", no_argument, nullptr, 'O'},
        {"timeout", required_argument, nullptr, 't'},
        {"window-bits", required_argument, nullptr, 'w'},
        {"connection-window-bits", required_argument, nullptr, 'W'},
        {"get-assets", no_argument, nullptr, 'a'},
        {"stat", no_argument, nullptr, 's'},
        {"help", no_argument, nullptr, 'h'},
        {"header", required_argument, nullptr, 'H'},
        {"data", required_argument, nullptr, 'd'},
        {"multiply", required_argument, nullptr, 'm'},
        {"upgrade", no_argument, nullptr, 'u'},
        {"weight", required_argument, nullptr, 'p'},
        {"peer-max-concurrent-streams", required_argument, nullptr, 'M'},
        {"header-table-size", required_argument, nullptr, 'c'},
        {"padding", required_argument, nullptr, 'b'},
        {"har", required_argument, nullptr, 'r'},
        {"cert", required_argument, &flag, 1},
        {"key", required_argument, &flag, 2},
        {"color", no_argument, &flag, 3},
        {"continuation", no_argument, &flag, 4},
        {"version", no_argument, &flag, 5},
        {"no-content-length", no_argument, &flag, 6},
        {"no-dep", no_argument, &flag, 7},
        {"trailer", required_argument, &flag, 9},
        {"hexdump", no_argument, &flag, 10},
        {"no-push", no_argument, &flag, 11},
        {nullptr, 0, nullptr, 0}};
    int option_index = 0;
    int c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "M:Oab:c:d:gm:np:r:hH:vst:uw:W:",
                        long_options, &option_index);
    if (c == -1) {
      break;
    }
    switch (c) {
    case 'M':
      // peer-max-concurrent-streams option
      config.peer_max_concurrent_streams = strtoul(optarg, nullptr, 10);
      break;
    case 'O':
      config.remote_name = true;
      break;
    case 'h':
      print_help(std::cout);
      exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
    case 'b':
      config.padding = strtol(optarg, nullptr, 10);
      break;
    case 'n':
      config.null_out = true;
      break;
    case 'p': {
      errno = 0;
      auto n = strtoul(optarg, nullptr, 10);
      if (errno == 0 && NGHTTP2_MIN_WEIGHT <= n && n <= NGHTTP2_MAX_WEIGHT) {
        config.weight = n;
      } else {
        std::cerr << "-p: specify the integer in the range ["
                  << NGHTTP2_MIN_WEIGHT << ", " << NGHTTP2_MAX_WEIGHT
                  << "], inclusive" << std::endl;
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
      }
      break;
    }
    case 'r':
#ifdef HAVE_JANSSON
      config.harfile = optarg;
#else  // !HAVE_JANSSON
      std::cerr << "[WARNING]: -r, --har option is ignored because\n"
                << "the binary was not compiled with libjansson." << std::endl;
#endif // !HAVE_JANSSON
      break;
    case 'v':
      ++config.verbose;
      break;
    case 't':
      config.timeout = util::parse_duration_with_unit(optarg);
      if (config.timeout == std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()) {
        std::cerr << "-t: bad timeout value: " << optarg << std::endl;
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
      }
      break;
    case 'u':
      config.upgrade = true;
      break;
    case 'w':
    case 'W': {
      errno = 0;
      char *endptr = nullptr;
      unsigned long int n = strtoul(optarg, &endptr, 10);
      if (errno == 0 && *endptr == '\0' && n < 31) {
        if (c == 'w') {
          config.window_bits = n;
        } else {
          config.connection_window_bits = n;
        }
      } else {
        std::cerr << "-" << static_cast<char>(c)
                  << ": specify the integer in the range [0, 30], inclusive"
                  << std::endl;
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
      }
      break;
    }
    case 'H': {
      char *header = optarg;
      // Skip first possible ':' in the header name
      char *value = strchr(optarg + 1, ':');
      if (!value || (header[0] == ':' && header + 1 == value)) {
        std::cerr << "-H: invalid header: " << optarg << std::endl;
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
      }
      *value = 0;
      value++;
      while (isspace(*value)) {
        value++;
      }
      if (*value == 0) {
        // This could also be a valid case for suppressing a header
        // similar to curl
        std::cerr << "-H: invalid header - value missing: " << optarg
                  << std::endl;
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
      }
      config.headers.emplace_back(header, value, false);
      util::inp_strlower(config.headers.back().name);
      break;
    }
    case 'a':
#ifdef HAVE_LIBXML2
      config.get_assets = true;
#else  // !HAVE_LIBXML2
      std::cerr << "[WARNING]: -a, --get-assets option is ignored because\n"
                << "the binary was not compiled with libxml2." << std::endl;
#endif // !HAVE_LIBXML2
      break;
    case 's':
      config.stat = true;
      break;
    case 'd':
      config.datafile = optarg;
      break;
    case 'm':
      config.multiply = strtoul(optarg, nullptr, 10);
      break;
    case 'c':
      errno = 0;
      config.header_table_size = util::parse_uint_with_unit(optarg);
      if (config.header_table_size == -1) {
        std::cerr << "-c: Bad option value: " << optarg << std::endl;
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
      }
      break;
    case '?':
      util::show_candidates(argv[optind - 1], long_options);
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    case 0:
      switch (flag) {
      case 1:
        // cert option
        config.certfile = optarg;
        break;
      case 2:
        // key option
        config.keyfile = optarg;
        break;
      case 3:
        // color option
        color = true;
        break;
      case 4:
        // continuation option
        config.continuation = true;
        break;
      case 5:
        // version option
        print_version(std::cout);
        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
      case 6:
        // no-content-length option
        config.no_content_length = true;
        break;
      case 7:
        // no-dep option
        config.no_dep = true;
        break;
      case 9: {
        // trailer option
        auto header = optarg;
        auto value = strchr(optarg, ':');
        if (!value) {
          std::cerr << "--trailer: invalid header: " << optarg << std::endl;
          exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        *value = 0;
        value++;
        while (isspace(*value)) {
          value++;
        }
        if (*value == 0) {
          // This could also be a valid case for suppressing a header
          // similar to curl
          std::cerr << "--trailer: invalid header - value missing: " << optarg
                    << std::endl;
          exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        config.trailer.emplace_back(header, value, false);
        util::inp_strlower(config.trailer.back().name);
        break;
      }
      case 10:
        // hexdump option
        config.hexdump = true;
        break;
      case 11:
        // no-push option
        config.no_push = true;
        break;
      }
      break;
    default:
      break;
    }
  }

  set_color_output(color || isatty(fileno(stdout)));

  nghttp2_option_set_peer_max_concurrent_streams(
      config.http2_option, config.peer_max_concurrent_streams);

  struct sigaction act;
  memset(&act, 0, sizeof(struct sigaction));
  act.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
  sigaction(SIGPIPE, &act, nullptr);
  reset_timer();
  return run(argv + optind, argc - optind);
}

} // namespace nghttp2

int main(int argc, char **argv) { return nghttp2::main(argc, argv); }