nghttpx: Add backend-connections-per-frontend option

This option limits the number of backend connections per frontend.
This is meaningful for the combination of HTTP/2 and SPDY frontend and
HTTP/1 backend.

src/shrpx.cc

@@ -796,6 +796,7 @@ void fill_default_config()
   mod_config()->no_location_rewrite = false;
   mod_config()->argc = 0;
   mod_config()->argv = nullptr;
+  mod_config()->max_downstream_connections = 100;
 }
 } // namespace
 
@@ -891,6 +892,13 @@ Performance:
                      Set  maximum number  of simultaneous  connections
                      frontend accepts.  Setting 0 means unlimited.
                      Default: 0
+  --backend-connections-per-frontend=<NUM>
+                     Set  maximum   number  of   backend  simultaneous
+                     connections   per  frontend.    This  option   is
+                     meaningful when the combination of HTTP/2 or SPDY
+                     frontend and HTTP/1 backend is used.
+                     Default: )"
+      << get_config()->max_downstream_connections << R"(
 
 Timeout:
   --frontend-http2-read-timeout=<SEC>
@@ -1246,6 +1254,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
       {"stream-read-timeout", required_argument, &flag, 60},
       {"stream-write-timeout", required_argument, &flag, 61},
       {"no-location-rewrite", no_argument, &flag, 62},
+      {"backend-connections-per-frontend", required_argument, &flag, 63},
       {nullptr, 0, nullptr, 0 }
     };
 
@@ -1518,6 +1527,11 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
         // --no-location-rewrite
         cmdcfgs.emplace_back(SHRPX_OPT_NO_LOCATION_REWRITE, "yes");
         break;
+      case 63:
+        // --backend-connections-per-frontend
+        cmdcfgs.emplace_back(SHRPX_OPT_BACKEND_CONNECTIONS_PER_FRONTEND,
+                             optarg);
+        break;
       default:
         break;
       }

src/shrpx_config.cc

@@ -125,6 +125,8 @@ const char SHRPX_OPT_ADD_RESPONSE_HEADER[] = "add-response-header";
 const char SHRPX_OPT_WORKER_FRONTEND_CONNECTIONS[] =
   "worker-frontend-connections";
 const char SHRPX_OPT_NO_LOCATION_REWRITE[] = "no-location-rewrite";
+const char SHRPX_OPT_BACKEND_CONNECTIONS_PER_FRONTEND[] =
+  "backend-connections-per-frontend";
 
 namespace {
 Config *config = nullptr;
@@ -840,6 +842,22 @@ int parse_config(const char *opt, const char *optarg)
     return 0;
   }
 
+  if(util::strieq(opt, SHRPX_OPT_BACKEND_CONNECTIONS_PER_FRONTEND)) {
+    errno = 0;
+
+    auto n = strtoul(optarg, nullptr, 10);
+
+    if(errno != 0 || n < 1) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << "backend-connections-per-frontend: "
+                 << "specify the integer more than or equal to 1";
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+    mod_config()->max_downstream_connections = n;
+
+    return 0;
+  }
+
   if(util::strieq(opt, "conf")) {
     LOG(WARNING) << "conf is ignored";
 

src/shrpx_config.h

@@ -115,6 +115,7 @@ extern const char SHRPX_OPT_ALTSVC[];
 extern const char SHRPX_OPT_ADD_RESPONSE_HEADER[];
 extern const char SHRPX_OPT_WORKER_FRONTEND_CONNECTIONS[];
 extern const char SHRPX_OPT_NO_LOCATION_REWRITE[];
+extern const char SHRPX_OPT_BACKEND_CONNECTIONS_PER_FRONTEND[];
 
 union sockaddr_union {
   sockaddr sa;
@@ -217,6 +218,7 @@ struct Config {
   size_t http2_downstream_window_bits;
   size_t http2_upstream_connection_window_bits;
   size_t http2_downstream_connection_window_bits;
+  size_t max_downstream_connections;
   // actual size of downstream_http_proxy_addr
   size_t downstream_http_proxy_addrlen;
   size_t read_rate;

src/shrpx_downstream_queue.cc

@@ -35,29 +35,87 @@ DownstreamQueue::DownstreamQueue()
 
 DownstreamQueue::~DownstreamQueue()
 {
-  for(auto& kv : downstreams_) {
+  for(auto& kv : pending_downstreams_) {
+    delete kv.second;
+  }
+
+  for(auto& kv : active_downstreams_) {
+    delete kv.second;
+  }
+
+  for(auto& kv : failure_downstreams_) {
     delete kv.second;
   }
 }
 
-void DownstreamQueue::add(Downstream *downstream)
+void DownstreamQueue::add_pending(Downstream *downstream)
 {
-  downstreams_[downstream->get_stream_id()] = downstream;
+  pending_downstreams_[downstream->get_stream_id()] = downstream;
+}
+
+void DownstreamQueue::add_failure(Downstream *downstream)
+{
+  failure_downstreams_[downstream->get_stream_id()] = downstream;
+}
+
+void DownstreamQueue::add_active(Downstream *downstream)
+{
+  active_downstreams_[downstream->get_stream_id()] = downstream;
 }
 
 void DownstreamQueue::remove(Downstream *downstream)
 {
-  downstreams_.erase(downstream->get_stream_id());
+  pending_downstreams_.erase(downstream->get_stream_id());
+  active_downstreams_.erase(downstream->get_stream_id());
+  failure_downstreams_.erase(downstream->get_stream_id());
 }
 
 Downstream* DownstreamQueue::find(int32_t stream_id)
 {
-  auto kv = downstreams_.find(stream_id);
+  auto kv = pending_downstreams_.find(stream_id);
-  if(kv == std::end(downstreams_)) {
+
-    return nullptr;
+  if(kv != std::end(pending_downstreams_)) {
-  } else {
     return (*kv).second;
   }
+
+  kv = active_downstreams_.find(stream_id);
+
+  if(kv != std::end(active_downstreams_)) {
+    return (*kv).second;
+  }
+
+  kv = failure_downstreams_.find(stream_id);
+
+  if(kv != std::end(failure_downstreams_)) {
+    return (*kv).second;
+  }
+
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+Downstream* DownstreamQueue::pop_pending()
+{
+  auto i = std::begin(pending_downstreams_);
+
+  if(i == std::end(pending_downstreams_)) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  auto downstream = (*i).second;
+
+  pending_downstreams_.erase(i);
+
+  return downstream;
+}
+
+size_t DownstreamQueue::num_active() const
+{
+  return active_downstreams_.size();
+}
+
+bool DownstreamQueue::pending_empty() const
+{
+  return pending_downstreams_.empty();
 }
 
 } // namespace shrpx

src/shrpx_downstream_queue.h

@@ -39,11 +39,30 @@ class DownstreamQueue {
 public:
   DownstreamQueue();
   ~DownstreamQueue();
-  void add(Downstream *downstream);
+  void add_pending(Downstream *downstream);
+  void add_failure(Downstream *downstream);
+  void add_active(Downstream *downstream);
+  // Removes |downstream| from either pending_downstreams_,
+  // active_downstreams_ or failure_downstreams_.
   void remove(Downstream *downstream);
+  // Finds Downstream object denoted by |stream_id| either in
+  // pending_downstreams_, active_downstreams_ or
+  // failure_downstreams_.
   Downstream* find(int32_t stream_id);
+  // Returns the number of active Downstream objects.
+  size_t num_active() const;
+  // Returns true if pending_downstreams_ is empty.
+  bool pending_empty() const;
+  // Pops first Downstream object in pending_downstreams_ and returns
+  // it.
+  Downstream* pop_pending();
 private:
-  std::map<int32_t, Downstream*> downstreams_;
+  // Downstream objects, not processed yet
+  std::map<int32_t, Downstream*> pending_downstreams_;
+  // Downstream objects in use, consuming downstream concurrency limit
+  std::map<int32_t, Downstream*> active_downstreams_;
+  // Downstream objects, failed to connect to downstream server
+  std::map<int32_t, Downstream*> failure_downstreams_;
 };
 
 } // namespace shrpx

src/shrpx_http2_upstream.cc

@@ -295,8 +295,6 @@ int on_request_headers(Http2Upstream *upstream,
                        nghttp2_session *session,
                        const nghttp2_frame *frame)
 {
-  int rv;
-
   if(downstream->get_response_state() == Downstream::MSG_COMPLETE) {
     return 0;
   }
@@ -370,26 +368,6 @@ int on_request_headers(Http2Upstream *upstream,
 
   downstream->inspect_http2_request();
 
-  auto dconn = upstream->get_client_handler()->get_downstream_connection();
-  rv = dconn->attach_downstream(downstream);
-  if(rv != 0) {
-    // downstream connection fails, send error page
-    if(upstream->error_reply(downstream, 503) != 0) {
-      upstream->rst_stream(downstream, NGHTTP2_INTERNAL_ERROR);
-    }
-
-    downstream->set_request_state(Downstream::CONNECT_FAIL);
-
-    return 0;
-  }
-  rv = downstream->push_request_headers();
-  if(rv != 0) {
-    if(upstream->error_reply(downstream, 503) != 0) {
-      upstream->rst_stream(downstream, NGHTTP2_INTERNAL_ERROR);
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-  }
   downstream->set_request_state(Downstream::HEADER_COMPLETE);
   if(frame->hd.flags & NGHTTP2_FLAG_END_STREAM) {
     downstream->disable_upstream_rtimer();
@@ -397,11 +375,60 @@ int on_request_headers(Http2Upstream *upstream,
     downstream->set_request_state(Downstream::MSG_COMPLETE);
   }
 
+  upstream->maintain_downstream_concurrency();
+
   return 0;
 }
-
 } // namespace
 
+void Http2Upstream::maintain_downstream_concurrency()
+{
+  while(get_config()->max_downstream_connections >
+        downstream_queue_.num_active()) {
+    auto downstream = downstream_queue_.pop_pending();
+
+    if(!downstream) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    initiate_downstream(downstream);
+  }
+}
+
+void Http2Upstream::initiate_downstream(Downstream *downstream)
+{
+  int rv;
+
+  auto dconn = handler_->get_downstream_connection();
+  rv = dconn->attach_downstream(downstream);
+  if(rv != 0) {
+    downstream_queue_.add_failure(downstream);
+
+    // downstream connection fails, send error page
+    if(error_reply(downstream, 503) != 0) {
+      rst_stream(downstream, NGHTTP2_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    downstream->set_request_state(Downstream::CONNECT_FAIL);
+
+    return;
+  }
+  rv = downstream->push_request_headers();
+  if(rv != 0) {
+    downstream_queue_.add_failure(downstream);
+
+    if(error_reply(downstream, 503) != 0) {
+      rst_stream(downstream, NGHTTP2_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  downstream_queue_.add_active(downstream);
+
+  return;
+}
+
 namespace {
 int on_frame_recv_callback
 (nghttp2_session *session, const nghttp2_frame *frame, void *user_data)
@@ -1143,12 +1170,14 @@ bufferevent_event_cb Http2Upstream::get_downstream_eventcb()
 
 void Http2Upstream::add_downstream(Downstream *downstream)
 {
-  downstream_queue_.add(downstream);
+  downstream_queue_.add_pending(downstream);
 }
 
 void Http2Upstream::remove_downstream(Downstream *downstream)
 {
   downstream_queue_.remove(downstream);
+
+  maintain_downstream_concurrency();
 }
 
 Downstream* Http2Upstream::find_downstream(int32_t stream_id)

src/shrpx_http2_upstream.h

@@ -82,6 +82,8 @@ public:
   int consume(int32_t stream_id, size_t len);
   void log_response_headers(Downstream *downstream,
                             const std::vector<nghttp2_nv>& nva) const;
+  void maintain_downstream_concurrency();
+  void initiate_downstream(Downstream *downstream);
 private:
   DownstreamQueue downstream_queue_;
   std::unique_ptr<HttpsUpstream> pre_upstream_;

src/shrpx_spdy_upstream.cc

@@ -230,24 +230,14 @@ void on_ctrl_recv_callback
                            << "\n" << ss.str();
     }
 
-    auto dconn = upstream->get_client_handler()->get_downstream_connection();
-    int rv = dconn->attach_downstream(downstream);
-    if(rv != 0) {
-      // If downstream connection fails, issue RST_STREAM.
-      upstream->rst_stream(downstream, SPDYLAY_INTERNAL_ERROR);
-      downstream->set_request_state(Downstream::CONNECT_FAIL);
-      return;
-    }
-    rv = downstream->push_request_headers();
-    if(rv != 0) {
-      upstream->rst_stream(downstream, SPDYLAY_INTERNAL_ERROR);
-      return;
-    }
     downstream->set_request_state(Downstream::HEADER_COMPLETE);
     if(frame->syn_stream.hd.flags & SPDYLAY_CTRL_FLAG_FIN) {
       downstream->disable_upstream_rtimer();
       downstream->set_request_state(Downstream::MSG_COMPLETE);
     }
+
+    upstream->maintain_downstream_concurrency();
+
     break;
   }
   default:
@@ -256,6 +246,43 @@ void on_ctrl_recv_callback
 }
 } // namespace
 
+void SpdyUpstream::maintain_downstream_concurrency()
+{
+  while(get_config()->max_downstream_connections >
+        downstream_queue_.num_active()) {
+    auto downstream = downstream_queue_.pop_pending();
+
+    if(!downstream) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    initiate_downstream(downstream);
+  }
+}
+
+void SpdyUpstream::initiate_downstream(Downstream *downstream)
+{
+  auto dconn = handler_->get_downstream_connection();
+  int rv = dconn->attach_downstream(downstream);
+  if(rv != 0) {
+    downstream_queue_.add_failure(downstream);
+
+    // If downstream connection fails, issue RST_STREAM.
+    rst_stream(downstream, SPDYLAY_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    downstream->set_request_state(Downstream::CONNECT_FAIL);
+    return;
+  }
+  rv = downstream->push_request_headers();
+  if(rv != 0) {
+    downstream_queue_.add_failure(downstream);
+
+    rst_stream(downstream, SPDYLAY_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  downstream_queue_.add_active(downstream);
+}
+
 namespace {
 void on_data_chunk_recv_callback(spdylay_session *session,
                                  uint8_t flags, int32_t stream_id,
@@ -876,12 +903,14 @@ bufferevent_event_cb SpdyUpstream::get_downstream_eventcb()
 
 void SpdyUpstream::add_downstream(Downstream *downstream)
 {
-  downstream_queue_.add(downstream);
+  downstream_queue_.add_pending(downstream);
 }
 
 void SpdyUpstream::remove_downstream(Downstream *downstream)
 {
   downstream_queue_.remove(downstream);
+
+  maintain_downstream_concurrency();
 }
 
 Downstream* SpdyUpstream::find_downstream(int32_t stream_id)

src/shrpx_spdy_upstream.h

@@ -74,6 +74,9 @@ public:
 
   int handle_ign_data_chunk(size_t len);
 
+  void maintain_downstream_concurrency();
+  void initiate_downstream(Downstream *downstream);
+
   nghttp2::util::EvbufferBuffer sendbuf;
 private:
   DownstreamQueue downstream_queue_;