/* * Spdylay - SPDY Library * * Copyright (c) 2012 Tatsuhiro Tsujikawa * * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to * the following conditions: * * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. * * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. */ #include "spdylay_frame.h" #include #include #include #include #include "spdylay_helper.h" static uint8_t spdylay_unpack_pri(const uint8_t *data) { return (data[0] >> 6) & 0x3; } static uint8_t* spdylay_pack_str(uint8_t *buf, const char *str, size_t len) { spdylay_put_uint16be(buf, len); buf += 2; memcpy(buf, str, len); return buf+len; } static void spdylay_frame_pack_ctrl_hd(uint8_t* buf, const spdylay_ctrl_hd *hd) { spdylay_put_uint16be(&buf[0], hd->version); buf[0] |= 1 << 7; spdylay_put_uint16be(&buf[2], hd->type); spdylay_put_uint32be(&buf[4], hd->length); buf[4] = hd->flags; } static void spdylay_frame_unpack_ctrl_hd(spdylay_ctrl_hd *hd, const uint8_t* buf) { hd->version = spdylay_get_uint16(buf) & SPDYLAY_VERSION_MASK; hd->type = spdylay_get_uint16(&buf[2]); hd->flags = buf[4]; hd->length = spdylay_get_uint32(&buf[4]) & SPDYLAY_LENGTH_MASK; } static ssize_t spdylay_frame_alloc_pack_nv(uint8_t **buf_ptr, size_t *buflen_ptr, uint8_t **nvbuf_ptr, size_t *nvbuflen_ptr, char **nv, size_t nv_offset, spdylay_zlib *deflater) { size_t nvspace; size_t maxframelen; ssize_t framelen; int r; nvspace = spdylay_frame_count_nv_space(nv); r = spdylay_reserve_buffer(nvbuf_ptr, nvbuflen_ptr, nvspace); if(r != 0) { return SPDYLAY_ERR_NOMEM; } maxframelen = nv_offset+spdylay_zlib_deflate_hd_bound(deflater, nvspace); r = spdylay_reserve_buffer(buf_ptr, buflen_ptr, maxframelen); if(r != 0) { return SPDYLAY_ERR_NOMEM; } spdylay_frame_pack_nv(*nvbuf_ptr, nv); framelen = spdylay_zlib_deflate_hd(deflater, (*buf_ptr)+nv_offset, maxframelen-nv_offset, *nvbuf_ptr, nvspace); if(framelen < 0) { return framelen; } framelen += nv_offset; return framelen; } int spdylay_frame_count_unpack_nv_space (size_t *nvlen_ptr, size_t *buflen_ptr, const uint8_t *in, size_t inlen) { uint16_t n; size_t buflen = 0; size_t nvlen = 0; size_t off = 0; const size_t len_size = sizeof(uint16_t); int i; if(inlen < len_size) { return SPDYLAY_ERR_INVALID_FRAME; } n = spdylay_get_uint16(in); off += len_size; for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) { uint16_t len; int j; for(j = 0; j < 2; ++j) { if(inlen-off < len_size) { return SPDYLAY_ERR_INVALID_FRAME; } len = spdylay_get_uint16(in+off); off += 2; if(inlen-off < len) { return SPDYLAY_ERR_INVALID_FRAME; } buflen += len+1; off += len; } for(j = off, off -= len; off != j; ++off) { if(in[off] == '\0') { ++nvlen; } } ++nvlen; } if(inlen == off) { *nvlen_ptr = nvlen; *buflen_ptr = buflen+(nvlen*2+1)*sizeof(char*); return 0; } else { return SPDYLAY_ERR_INVALID_FRAME; } } int spdylay_frame_unpack_nv(char ***nv_ptr, const uint8_t *in, size_t inlen) { size_t nvlen, buflen; int r, i; char *buf, **index, *data; uint16_t n; r = spdylay_frame_count_unpack_nv_space(&nvlen, &buflen, in, inlen); if(r != 0) { return r; } buf = malloc(buflen); if(buf == NULL) { return SPDYLAY_ERR_NOMEM; } index = (char**)buf; data = buf+(nvlen*2+1)*sizeof(char*); n = spdylay_get_uint16(in); in += 2; for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) { uint16_t len; char *name, *val; char *stop; len = spdylay_get_uint16(in); in += 2; name = data; memcpy(data, in, len); data += len; *data = '\0'; ++data; in += len; len = spdylay_get_uint16(in); in += 2; val = data; memcpy(data, in, len); for(stop = data+len; data != stop; ++data) { if(*data == '\0') { *index++ = name; *index++ = val; val = data+1; } } *data = '\0'; ++data; in += len; *index++ = name; *index++ = val; } *index = NULL; assert((char*)index-buf == (nvlen*2)*sizeof(char*)); *nv_ptr = (char**)buf; return 0; } static int spdylay_frame_alloc_unpack_nv(char ***nv_ptr, spdylay_buffer *inflatebuf, uint8_t **nvbuf_ptr, size_t *nvbuflen_ptr, const uint8_t *in, size_t inlen, spdylay_zlib *inflater) { ssize_t nvspace; int r; nvspace = spdylay_zlib_inflate_hd(inflater, inflatebuf, in, inlen); if(nvspace < 0) { return nvspace; } else { r = spdylay_reserve_buffer(nvbuf_ptr, nvbuflen_ptr, nvspace); if(r != 0) { return SPDYLAY_ERR_NOMEM; } spdylay_buffer_serialize(inflatebuf, *nvbuf_ptr); r = spdylay_frame_unpack_nv(nv_ptr, *nvbuf_ptr, nvspace); return r; } } size_t spdylay_frame_count_nv_space(char **nv) { size_t sum = 2; int i; const char *prev = ""; size_t prevlen = 0; for(i = 0; nv[i]; i += 2) { const char *key = nv[i]; const char *val = nv[i+1]; size_t keylen = strlen(key); size_t vallen = strlen(val); if(prevlen == keylen && memcmp(prev, key, keylen) == 0) { /* Join previous value, with NULL character */ sum += vallen+1; } else { prev = key; prevlen = keylen; /* SPDY NV header does not include terminating NULL byte */ sum += keylen+vallen+4; } } return sum; } ssize_t spdylay_frame_pack_nv(uint8_t *buf, char **nv) { int i; uint8_t *bufp = buf+2; uint16_t num_nv = 0; /* TODO Join values with same keys, using '\0' as a delimiter */ const char *prev = ""; uint8_t *prev_vallen_buf = NULL; uint16_t prev_vallen = 0; for(i = 0; nv[i]; i += 2) { const char *key = nv[i]; const char *val = nv[i+1]; size_t keylen = strlen(key); size_t vallen = strlen(val); if(strcmp(prev, key) == 0) { prev_vallen += vallen+1; spdylay_put_uint16be(prev_vallen_buf, prev_vallen); *bufp = '\0'; ++bufp; memcpy(bufp, val, vallen); bufp += vallen; } else { ++num_nv; bufp = spdylay_pack_str(bufp, key, keylen); prev = key; prev_vallen_buf = bufp; prev_vallen = vallen; bufp = spdylay_pack_str(bufp, val, vallen); } } spdylay_put_uint16be(buf, num_nv); return bufp-buf; } int spdylay_frame_is_ctrl_frame(uint8_t first_byte) { return first_byte & 0x80; } void spdylay_frame_nv_del(char **nv) { free(nv); } char** spdylay_frame_nv_copy(const char **nv) { int i; char *buf; char **index, *data; size_t buflen = 0; for(i = 0; nv[i]; ++i) { buflen += strlen(nv[i])+1; } buflen += (i+1)*sizeof(char*); buf = malloc(buflen); if(buf == NULL) { return NULL; } index = (char**)buf; data = buf+(i+1)*sizeof(char*); for(i = 0; nv[i]; ++i) { size_t len = strlen(nv[i])+1; memcpy(data, nv[i], len); *index++ = data; data += len; } *index = NULL; return (char**)buf; } static int spdylay_string_compar(const void *lhs, const void *rhs) { return strcmp(*(char **)lhs, *(char **)rhs); } void spdylay_frame_nv_sort(char **nv) { int n; for(n = 0; nv[n]; ++n); qsort(nv, n/2, 2*sizeof(char*), spdylay_string_compar); } void spdylay_frame_nv_downcase(char **nv) { int i, j; for(i = 0; nv[i]; i += 2) { for(j = 0; nv[i][j] != '\0'; ++j) { if('A' <= nv[i][j] && nv[i][j] <= 'Z') { nv[i][j] += 'a'-'A'; } } } } void spdylay_frame_syn_stream_init(spdylay_syn_stream *frame, uint8_t flags, int32_t stream_id, int32_t assoc_stream_id, uint8_t pri, char **nv) { memset(frame, 0, sizeof(spdylay_syn_stream)); frame->hd.version = SPDYLAY_PROTO_VERSION; frame->hd.type = SPDYLAY_SYN_STREAM; frame->hd.flags = flags; frame->stream_id = stream_id; frame->assoc_stream_id = assoc_stream_id; frame->pri = pri; frame->nv = nv; } void spdylay_frame_syn_stream_free(spdylay_syn_stream *frame) { spdylay_frame_nv_del(frame->nv); } void spdylay_frame_syn_reply_init(spdylay_syn_reply *frame, uint8_t flags, int32_t stream_id, char **nv) { memset(frame, 0, sizeof(spdylay_syn_reply)); frame->hd.version = SPDYLAY_PROTO_VERSION; frame->hd.type = SPDYLAY_SYN_REPLY; frame->hd.flags = flags; frame->stream_id = stream_id; frame->nv = nv; } void spdylay_frame_syn_reply_free(spdylay_syn_reply *frame) { spdylay_frame_nv_del(frame->nv); } void spdylay_frame_ping_init(spdylay_ping *frame, uint32_t unique_id) { memset(frame, 0, sizeof(spdylay_ping)); frame->hd.version = SPDYLAY_PROTO_VERSION; frame->hd.type = SPDYLAY_PING; frame->hd.flags = SPDYLAY_FLAG_NONE; frame->hd.length = 4; frame->unique_id = unique_id; } void spdylay_frame_ping_free(spdylay_ping *frame) {} void spdylay_frame_goaway_init(spdylay_goaway *frame, int32_t last_good_stream_id) { memset(frame, 0, sizeof(spdylay_goaway)); frame->hd.version = SPDYLAY_PROTO_VERSION; frame->hd.type = SPDYLAY_GOAWAY; frame->hd.length = 4; frame->last_good_stream_id = last_good_stream_id; } void spdylay_frame_goaway_free(spdylay_goaway *frame) {} void spdylay_frame_headers_init(spdylay_headers *frame, uint8_t flags, int32_t stream_id, char **nv) { memset(frame, 0, sizeof(spdylay_headers)); frame->hd.version = SPDYLAY_PROTO_VERSION; frame->hd.type = SPDYLAY_HEADERS; frame->hd.flags = flags; frame->stream_id = stream_id; frame->nv = nv; } void spdylay_frame_headers_free(spdylay_headers *frame) { spdylay_frame_nv_del(frame->nv); } void spdylay_frame_rst_stream_init(spdylay_rst_stream *frame, int32_t stream_id, uint32_t status_code) { memset(frame, 0, sizeof(spdylay_rst_stream)); frame->hd.version = SPDYLAY_PROTO_VERSION; frame->hd.type = SPDYLAY_RST_STREAM; frame->hd.flags = 0; frame->hd.length = 8; frame->stream_id = stream_id; frame->status_code = status_code; } void spdylay_frame_rst_stream_free(spdylay_rst_stream *frame) {} void spdylay_frame_settings_init(spdylay_settings *frame, uint8_t flags, spdylay_settings_entry *iv, size_t niv) { memset(frame, 0, sizeof(spdylay_settings)); frame->hd.version = SPDYLAY_PROTO_VERSION; frame->hd.type = SPDYLAY_SETTINGS; frame->hd.flags = flags; frame->hd.length = 4+niv*8; frame->niv = niv; frame->iv = iv; } void spdylay_frame_settings_free(spdylay_settings *frame) { free(frame->iv); } void spdylay_frame_data_init(spdylay_data *frame, int32_t stream_id, uint8_t flags, spdylay_data_provider *data_prd) { memset(frame, 0, sizeof(spdylay_data)); frame->stream_id = stream_id; frame->flags = flags; frame->data_prd = *data_prd; } void spdylay_frame_data_free(spdylay_data *frame) {} #define SPDYLAY_SYN_STREAM_NV_OFFSET 18 ssize_t spdylay_frame_pack_syn_stream(uint8_t **buf_ptr, size_t *buflen_ptr, uint8_t **nvbuf_ptr, size_t *nvbuflen_ptr, spdylay_syn_stream *frame, spdylay_zlib *deflater) { ssize_t framelen; framelen = spdylay_frame_alloc_pack_nv(buf_ptr, buflen_ptr, nvbuf_ptr, nvbuflen_ptr, frame->nv, SPDYLAY_SYN_STREAM_NV_OFFSET, deflater); if(framelen < 0) { return framelen; } frame->hd.length = framelen-SPDYLAY_FRAME_HEAD_LENGTH; memset(*buf_ptr, 0, SPDYLAY_SYN_STREAM_NV_OFFSET); /* pack ctrl header after length is determined */ spdylay_frame_pack_ctrl_hd(*buf_ptr, &frame->hd); spdylay_put_uint32be(&(*buf_ptr)[8], frame->stream_id); spdylay_put_uint32be(&(*buf_ptr)[12], frame->assoc_stream_id); (*buf_ptr)[16] = (frame->pri << 6); return framelen; } int spdylay_frame_unpack_syn_stream(spdylay_syn_stream *frame, spdylay_buffer *inflatebuf, uint8_t **nvbuf_ptr, size_t *nvbuflen_ptr, const uint8_t *head, size_t headlen, const uint8_t *payload, size_t payloadlen, spdylay_zlib *inflater) { int r; if(payloadlen < 12) { return SPDYLAY_ERR_INVALID_FRAME; } spdylay_frame_unpack_ctrl_hd(&frame->hd, head); frame->stream_id = spdylay_get_uint32(payload) & SPDYLAY_STREAM_ID_MASK; frame->assoc_stream_id = spdylay_get_uint32(payload+4) & SPDYLAY_STREAM_ID_MASK; frame->pri = spdylay_unpack_pri(payload+8); r = spdylay_frame_alloc_unpack_nv(&frame->nv, inflatebuf, nvbuf_ptr, nvbuflen_ptr, payload+10, payloadlen-10, inflater); return r; } #define SPDYLAY_SYN_REPLY_NV_OFFSET 14 ssize_t spdylay_frame_pack_syn_reply(uint8_t **buf_ptr, size_t *buflen_ptr, uint8_t **nvbuf_ptr, size_t *nvbuflen_ptr, spdylay_syn_reply *frame, spdylay_zlib *deflater) { ssize_t framelen; framelen = spdylay_frame_alloc_pack_nv(buf_ptr, buflen_ptr, nvbuf_ptr, nvbuflen_ptr, frame->nv, SPDYLAY_SYN_REPLY_NV_OFFSET, deflater); if(framelen < 0) { return framelen; } frame->hd.length = framelen-SPDYLAY_FRAME_HEAD_LENGTH; memset(*buf_ptr, 0, SPDYLAY_SYN_REPLY_NV_OFFSET); spdylay_frame_pack_ctrl_hd(*buf_ptr, &frame->hd); spdylay_put_uint32be(&(*buf_ptr)[8], frame->stream_id); return framelen; } int spdylay_frame_unpack_syn_reply(spdylay_syn_reply *frame, spdylay_buffer *inflatebuf, uint8_t **nvbuf_ptr, size_t *nvbuflen_ptr, const uint8_t *head, size_t headlen, const uint8_t *payload, size_t payloadlen, spdylay_zlib *inflater) { int r; if(payloadlen < 8) { return SPDYLAY_ERR_INVALID_FRAME; } spdylay_frame_unpack_ctrl_hd(&frame->hd, head); frame->stream_id = spdylay_get_uint32(payload) & SPDYLAY_STREAM_ID_MASK; r = spdylay_frame_alloc_unpack_nv(&frame->nv, inflatebuf, nvbuf_ptr, nvbuflen_ptr, payload+6, payloadlen-6, inflater); return r; } ssize_t spdylay_frame_pack_ping(uint8_t **buf_ptr, size_t *buflen_ptr, spdylay_ping *frame) { ssize_t framelen = 12; int r; r = spdylay_reserve_buffer(buf_ptr, buflen_ptr, framelen); if(r != 0) { return r; } memset(*buf_ptr, 0, framelen); spdylay_frame_pack_ctrl_hd(*buf_ptr, &frame->hd); spdylay_put_uint32be(&(*buf_ptr)[8], frame->unique_id); return framelen; } int spdylay_frame_unpack_ping(spdylay_ping *frame, const uint8_t *head, size_t headlen, const uint8_t *payload, size_t payloadlen) { if(payloadlen != 4) { return SPDYLAY_ERR_INVALID_FRAME; } spdylay_frame_unpack_ctrl_hd(&frame->hd, head); frame->unique_id = spdylay_get_uint32(payload); return 0; } ssize_t spdylay_frame_pack_goaway(uint8_t **buf_ptr, size_t *buflen_ptr, spdylay_goaway *frame) { ssize_t framelen = 12; int r; r = spdylay_reserve_buffer(buf_ptr, buflen_ptr, framelen); if(r != 0) { return r; } memset(*buf_ptr, 0, framelen); spdylay_frame_pack_ctrl_hd(*buf_ptr, &frame->hd); spdylay_put_uint32be(&(*buf_ptr)[8], frame->last_good_stream_id); return framelen; } int spdylay_frame_unpack_goaway(spdylay_goaway *frame, const uint8_t *head, size_t headlen, const uint8_t *payload, size_t payloadlen) { if(payloadlen != 4) { return SPDYLAY_ERR_INVALID_FRAME; } spdylay_frame_unpack_ctrl_hd(&frame->hd, head); frame->last_good_stream_id = spdylay_get_uint32(payload) & SPDYLAY_STREAM_ID_MASK; return 0; } #define SPDYLAY_HEADERS_NV_OFFSET 14 ssize_t spdylay_frame_pack_headers(uint8_t **buf_ptr, size_t *buflen_ptr, uint8_t **nvbuf_ptr, size_t *nvbuflen_ptr, spdylay_headers *frame, spdylay_zlib *deflater) { ssize_t framelen; framelen = spdylay_frame_alloc_pack_nv(buf_ptr, buflen_ptr, nvbuf_ptr, nvbuflen_ptr, frame->nv, SPDYLAY_HEADERS_NV_OFFSET, deflater); if(framelen < 0) { return framelen; } frame->hd.length = framelen-SPDYLAY_FRAME_HEAD_LENGTH; memset(*buf_ptr, 0, SPDYLAY_HEADERS_NV_OFFSET); spdylay_frame_pack_ctrl_hd(*buf_ptr, &frame->hd); spdylay_put_uint32be(&(*buf_ptr)[8], frame->stream_id); return framelen; } int spdylay_frame_unpack_headers(spdylay_headers *frame, spdylay_buffer *inflatebuf, uint8_t **nvbuf_ptr, size_t *nvbuflen_ptr, const uint8_t *head, size_t headlen, const uint8_t *payload, size_t payloadlen, spdylay_zlib *inflater) { int r; if(payloadlen < 8) { return SPDYLAY_ERR_INVALID_FRAME; } spdylay_frame_unpack_ctrl_hd(&frame->hd, head); frame->stream_id = spdylay_get_uint32(payload) & SPDYLAY_STREAM_ID_MASK; r = spdylay_frame_alloc_unpack_nv(&frame->nv, inflatebuf, nvbuf_ptr, nvbuflen_ptr, payload+6, payloadlen-6, inflater); return r; } ssize_t spdylay_frame_pack_rst_stream(uint8_t **buf_ptr, size_t *buflen_ptr, spdylay_rst_stream *frame) { ssize_t framelen = 16; int r; r = spdylay_reserve_buffer(buf_ptr, buflen_ptr, framelen); if(r != 0) { return r; } memset(*buf_ptr, 0, framelen); spdylay_frame_pack_ctrl_hd(*buf_ptr, &frame->hd); spdylay_put_uint32be(&(*buf_ptr)[8], frame->stream_id); spdylay_put_uint32be(&(*buf_ptr)[12], frame->status_code); return framelen; } int spdylay_frame_unpack_rst_stream(spdylay_rst_stream *frame, const uint8_t *head, size_t headlen, const uint8_t *payload, size_t payloadlen) { if(payloadlen != 8) { return SPDYLAY_ERR_INVALID_FRAME; } spdylay_frame_unpack_ctrl_hd(&frame->hd, head); frame->stream_id = spdylay_get_uint32(payload) & SPDYLAY_STREAM_ID_MASK; frame->status_code = spdylay_get_uint32(payload+4); return 0; } ssize_t spdylay_frame_pack_settings(uint8_t **buf_ptr, size_t *buflen_ptr, spdylay_settings *frame) { ssize_t framelen = SPDYLAY_FRAME_HEAD_LENGTH+frame->hd.length; int i, r; r = spdylay_reserve_buffer(buf_ptr, buflen_ptr, framelen); if(r != 0) { return r; } memset(*buf_ptr, 0, framelen); spdylay_frame_pack_ctrl_hd(*buf_ptr, &frame->hd); spdylay_put_uint32be(&(*buf_ptr)[8], frame->niv); for(i = 0; i < frame->niv; ++i) { int off = i*8; /* spdy/2 spec says ID is network byte order, but publicly deployed server sends little endian host byte order. */ char *id_ptr = (char*)(&frame->iv[i].settings_id); #ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN (*buf_ptr)[12+off] = id_ptr[3]; (*buf_ptr)[12+off+1] = id_ptr[2]; (*buf_ptr)[12+off+2] = id_ptr[1]; #else /* !WORDS_BIGENDIAN */ memcpy(&(*buf_ptr)[12+off], id_ptr, 3); #endif /* !WORDS_BIGENDIAN */ (*buf_ptr)[15+off] = frame->iv[i].flags; spdylay_put_uint32be(&(*buf_ptr)[16+off], frame->iv[i].value); } return framelen; } int spdylay_frame_unpack_settings(spdylay_settings *frame, const uint8_t *head, size_t headlen, const uint8_t *payload, size_t payloadlen) { int i; if(payloadlen < 4) { return SPDYLAY_ERR_INVALID_FRAME; } spdylay_frame_unpack_ctrl_hd(&frame->hd, head); frame->niv = spdylay_get_uint32(payload); if(payloadlen != 4+frame->niv*8) { return SPDYLAY_ERR_INVALID_FRAME; } frame->iv = malloc(frame->niv*sizeof(spdylay_settings_entry)); if(frame->iv == NULL) { return SPDYLAY_ERR_NOMEM; } for(i = 0; i < frame->niv; ++i) { int off = i*8; /* ID is little endian. See comments in spdylay_frame_pack_settings(). */ frame->iv[i].settings_id = 0; #ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN *(char*)(&frame->iv[i].settings_id[1]) = &payload[4+off+2]; *(char*)(&frame->iv[i].settings_id[2]) = &payload[4+off+1]; *(char*)(&frame->iv[i].settings_id[3]) = &payload[4+off+0]; #else /* !WORDS_BIGENDIAN */ memcpy(&frame->iv[i].settings_id, &payload[4+off], 3); #endif /* !WORDS_BIGENDIAN */ frame->iv[i].flags = payload[7+off]; frame->iv[i].value = spdylay_get_uint32(&payload[8+off]); } return 0; } spdylay_settings_entry* spdylay_frame_iv_copy(const spdylay_settings_entry *iv, size_t niv) { spdylay_settings_entry *iv_copy; size_t len = niv*sizeof(spdylay_settings_entry); iv_copy = malloc(len); if(iv_copy == NULL) { return NULL; } memcpy(iv_copy, iv, len); return iv_copy; }