nghttp2 - HTTP/2.0 C Library ============================ This is an experimental implementation of Hypertext Transfer Protocol version 2.0. Development Status ------------------ We started to implement HTTP-draft-06/2.0 (http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-http2-06) and the header compression (http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-header-compression-02). The nghttp2 code base was forked from spdylay project. =================== ================= Features HTTP-draft-04/2.0 =================== ================= Flow Control Done Header Compression Done Reprioritization Done Header Continuation Server Push Done HTTP Upgrade Done ALPN NPN Done =================== ================= Public Test Server ------------------ The following endpoints are available to try out nghttp2 implementation. * https://106.186.112.116:8443 TLS + NPN Note: certificate is self-signed and a browser will show alert * http://106.186.112.116:8080 direct, HTTP Upgrade Requirements ------------ The following packages are needed to build the library: * pkg-config >= 0.20 * zlib >= 1.2.3 To build and run the unit test programs, the following packages are required: * cunit >= 2.1 To build and run the application programs (``nghttp``, ``nghttpd`` and ``nghttpx``) in ``src`` directory, the following packages are required: * OpenSSL >= 1.0.1 * libevent-openssl >= 2.0.8 To enable SPDY protocol in the application program ``nghttpx``, the following packages are required: * spdylay >= 1.0.0 To enable ``-a`` option (getting linked assets from the downloaded resouce) in ``nghttp``, the following packages are needed: * libxml2 >= 2.7.7 If you are using Ubuntu 12.04, you need the following packages installed: * autoconf * automake * autotools-dev * libtool * pkg-config * zlib1g-dev * libcunit1-dev * libssl-dev * libxml2-dev * libevent-dev spdylay is not packaged in Ubuntu, so you need to build it yourself: http://spdylay.sourceforge.net/ Build from git -------------- Building from git is easy, but please be sure that at least autoconf 2.68 is used:: $ autoreconf -i $ automake $ autoconf $ ./configure $ make Building documentation ---------------------- .. note:: Documentation is still incomplete. To build documentation, run:: $ make html The documents will be generated under ``doc/manual/html/``. The generated documents will not be installed with ``make install``. The online documentation is available at http://tatsuhiro-t.github.io/nghttp2/ Client, Server and Proxy programs --------------------------------- The src directory contains HTTP/2.0 client, server and proxy programs. nghttp - client +++++++++++++++ ``nghttp`` is a HTTP/2.0 client. It can connect to the HTTP/2.0 server with prior knowledge, HTTP Upgrade and NPN TLS extension. It has verbose output mode for framing information. Here is sample output from ``nghttp`` client:: $ src/nghttp -vn https://localhost:8443 [ 0.001] NPN select next protocol: the remote server offers: * HTTP-draft-06/2.0 * spdy/3 * spdy/2 * http/1.1 NPN selected the protocol: HTTP-draft-06/2.0 [ 0.006] send SETTINGS frame (niv=2) [MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS(4):100] [INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE(7):65535] [ 0.006] send HEADERS frame ; END_STREAM | END_HEADERS ; Open new stream :host: localhost:8443 :method: GET :path: / :scheme: https accept: */* accept-encoding: gzip, deflate user-agent: nghttp2/0.1.0-DEV [ 0.007] recv SETTINGS frame (niv=2) [MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS(4):100] [INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE(7):65535] [ 0.008] recv WINDOW_UPDATE frame (window_size_increment=1000000007) [ 0.008] recv HEADERS frame ; END_HEADERS ; First response header :status: 200 OK accept-ranges: bytes content-encoding: gzip content-length: 56 content-type: text/html date: Thu, 22 Aug 2013 16:37:17 GMT etag: "cf405c-2d-45adabdf282c0" last-modified: Tue, 04 Nov 2008 10:44:03 GMT server: Apache/2.2.22 (Debian) vary: Accept-Encoding via: 1.1 nghttpx [ 0.009] recv DATA frame [ 0.009] recv DATA frame ; END_STREAM [ 0.009] send GOAWAY frame (last_stream_id=0, error_code=NO_ERROR(0), opaque_data(0)=[]) The HTTP Upgrade is performed like this:: $ src/nghttp -vnu http://localhost:8080 [ 0.000] HTTP Upgrade request GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: localhost:8080 Connection: Upgrade, HTTP2-Settings Upgrade: HTTP-draft-06/2.0 HTTP2-Settings: AAAABAAAAGQAAAAHAAD__w Accept: */* User-Agent: nghttp2/0.1.0-DEV [ 0.000] HTTP Upgrade response HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols Connection: Upgrade Upgrade: HTTP/2.0 [ 0.000] HTTP Upgrade success [ 0.001] send SETTINGS frame (niv=2) [MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS(4):100] [INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE(7):65535] [ 0.001] recv SETTINGS frame (niv=2) [MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS(4):100] [INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE(7):65535] [ 0.001] recv WINDOW_UPDATE frame (window_size_increment=1000000007) [ 0.001] recv HEADERS frame ; END_HEADERS ; First response header :status: 200 OK accept-ranges: bytes content-length: 45 content-type: text/html date: Thu, 22 Aug 2013 16:39:04 GMT etag: "cf405c-2d-45adabdf282c0" last-modified: Tue, 04 Nov 2008 10:44:03 GMT server: Apache/2.2.22 (Debian) vary: Accept-Encoding via: 1.1 nghttpx x-pad: avoid browser bug [ 0.001] recv DATA frame [ 0.001] recv DATA frame ; END_STREAM [ 0.001] send GOAWAY frame (last_stream_id=0, error_code=NO_ERROR(0), opaque_data(0)=[]) nghttpd - server ++++++++++++++++ ``nghttpd`` is static web server. It is single threaded and multiplexes connections using non-blocking socket. By default, it uses SSL/TLS connection. Use ``--no-tls`` option to disable it. ``nghttpd`` only accept the HTTP/2.0 connection via NPN or direct HTTP/2.0 connection. No HTTP Upgrade is supported. Just like ``nghttp``, it has verbose output mode for framing information. Here is sample output from ``nghttpd`` server:: $ src/nghttpd --no-tls -v 8080 IPv4: listen on port 8080 IPv6: listen on port 8080 [id=1] [ 14.716] send SETTINGS frame (niv=1) [MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS(4):100] [id=1] [ 14.717] recv SETTINGS frame (niv=2) [MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS(4):100] [INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE(7):65535] [id=1] [ 14.717] recv HEADERS frame ; END_STREAM | END_HEADERS ; Open new stream :host: localhost:8080 :method: GET :path: / :scheme: http accept: */* accept-encoding: gzip, deflate user-agent: nghttp2/0.1.0-DEV [id=1] [ 14.717] send HEADERS frame ; END_HEADERS ; First response header :status: 404 Not Found content-encoding: gzip content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 date: Thu, 22 Aug 2013 16:41:05 GMT server: nghttpd nghttp2/0.1.0-DEV [id=1] [ 14.717] send DATA frame [id=1] [ 14.717] send DATA frame ; END_STREAM [id=1] [ 14.717] stream_id=1 closed [id=1] [ 14.717] recv GOAWAY frame (last_stream_id=0, error_code=NO_ERROR(0), opaque_data(0)=[]) [id=1] [ 14.717] closed nghttpx - proxy +++++++++++++++ The ``nghttpx`` is a multi-threaded reverse proxy for HTTP-draft-06/2.0, SPDY and HTTP/1.1. It has several operation modes: ================== ============================== ============== ============= Mode option Frontend Backend Note ================== ============================== ============== ============= default mode HTTP/2.0, SPDY, HTTP/1.1 (TLS) HTTP/1.1 Reverse proxy ``--spdy`` HTTP/2.0, SPDY, HTTP/1.1 (TLS) HTTP/1.1 SPDY proxy ``--spdy-bridge`` HTTP/2.0, SPDY, HTTP/1.1 (TLS) HTTP/2.0 (TLS) ``--client`` HTTP/2.0, HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2.0 (TLS) ``--client-proxy`` HTTP/2.0, HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2.0 (TLS) Forward proxy ================== ============================== ============== ============= The interesting mode at the moment is the default mode. It works like a reverse proxy and listens HTTP-draft-06/2.0, SPDY and HTTP/1.1 and can be deployed SSL/TLS terminator for existing web server. The default mode, ``--spdy`` and ``--spdy-bridge`` modes use SSL/TLS in the frontend connection by default. To disable SSL/TLS, use ``--frontend-no-tls`` option. If that option is used, SPDY is disabled in the frontend and incoming HTTP/1.1 connection can be upgraded to HTTP/2.0 through HTTP Upgrade. The ``--spdy-bridge``, ``--client`` and ``--client-proxy`` modes use SSL/TLS in the backend connection by deafult. To disable SSL/TLS, use ``--backend-no-tls`` option. The ``nghttpx`` supports configuration file. See ``--conf`` option and sample configuration file ``nghttpx.conf.sample``. The ``nghttpx`` is ported from ``shrpx`` in spdylay project, and it still has SPDY color in option names. They will be fixed as the development goes. In the default mode, (without any of ``--spdy``, ``--spdy-bridge``, ``--client-proxy`` and ``--client`` options), ``nghttpx`` works as reverse proxy to the backend server:: Client <-- (HTTP/2.0, SPDY, HTTP/1.1) --> nghttpx <-- (HTTP/1.1) --> Web Server [reverse proxy] With ``--spdy`` option, it works as so called secure proxy (aka SPDY proxy):: Client <-- (HTTP/2.0, SPDY, HTTP/1.1) --> nghttpx <-- (HTTP/1.1) --> Proxy [secure proxy] (e.g., Squid) The ``Client`` in the above is needs to be configured to use ``nghttpx`` as secure proxy. At the time of this writing, Chrome is the only browser which supports secure proxy. The one way to configure Chrome to use secure proxy is create proxy.pac script like this:: function FindProxyForURL(url, host) { return "HTTPS SERVERADDR:PORT"; } ``SERVERADDR`` and ``PORT`` is the hostname/address and port of the machine nghttpx is running. Please note that Chrome requires valid certificate for secure proxy. Then run chrome with the following arguments:: $ google-chrome --proxy-pac-url=file:///path/to/proxy.pac --use-npn With ``--spdy-bridge``, it accepts HTTP/2.0, SPDY and HTTP/1.1 connections and communicates with backend in HTTP/2.0:: Client <-- (HTTP/2.0, SPDY, HTTP/1.1) --> nghttpx <-- (HTTP/2.0) --> Web or HTTP/2.0 Proxy etc (e.g., nghttpx -s) With ``--client-proxy`` option, it works as forward proxy and expects that the backend is HTTP/2.0 proxy:: Client <-- (HTTP/2.0, HTTP/1.1) --> nghttpx <-- (HTTP/2.0) --> HTTP/2.0 Proxy [forward proxy] (e.g., nghttpx -s) The ``Client`` is needs to be configured to use nghttpx as forward proxy. The frontend HTTP/1.1 connection can be upgraded to HTTP/2.0 through HTTP Upgrade. With the above configuration, one can use HTTP/1.1 client to access and test their HTTP/2.0 servers. With ``--client`` option, it works as reverse proxy and expects that the backend is HTTP/2.0 Web server:: Client <-- (HTTP/2.0, HTTP/1.1) --> nghttpx <-- (HTTP/2.0) --> Web Server [reverse proxy] The frontend HTTP/1.1 connection can be upgraded to HTTP/2.0 through HTTP Upgrade. For the operation modes which talk to the backend in HTTP/2.0 over SSL/TLS, the backend connections can be tunneled though HTTP proxy. The proxy is specified using ``--backend-http-proxy-uri`` option. The following figure illustrates the example of ``--spdy-bridge`` and ``--backend-http-proxy-uri`` option to talk to the outside HTTP/2.0 proxy through HTTP proxy:: Client <-- (HTTP/2.0, SPDY, HTTP/1.1) --> nghttpx <-- (HTTP/2.0) -- --===================---> HTTP/2.0 Proxy (HTTP proxy tunnel) (e.g., nghttpx -s)