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.. program:: nghttpx
nghttpx(1)
==========
SYNOPSIS
--------
**nghttpx** [OPTIONS]... [<PRIVATE_KEY> <CERT>]
DESCRIPTION
-----------
A reverse proxy for HTTP/2, HTTP/1 and SPDY.
.. describe:: <PRIVATE_KEY>
Set path to server's private key. Required unless :option:`-p`\,
:option:`--client` or :option:`\--frontend-no-tls` are given.
.. describe:: <CERT>
Set path to server's certificate. Required unless :option:`-p`\,
:option:`--client` or :option:`\--frontend-no-tls` are given. To make OCSP
stapling work, this must be absolute path.
OPTIONS
-------
The options are categorized into several groups.
Connections
~~~~~~~~~~~
.. option:: -b, --backend=<HOST,PORT>
Set backend host and port. The multiple backend
addresses are accepted by repeating this option. UNIX
domain socket can be specified by prefixing path name
with "unix:" (e.g., unix:/var/run/backend.sock)
Default: ``127.0.0.1,80``
.. option:: -f, --frontend=<HOST,PORT>
Set frontend host and port. If <HOST> is '\*', it
assumes all addresses including both IPv4 and IPv6.
UNIX domain socket can be specified by prefixing path
name with "unix:" (e.g., unix:/var/run/nghttpx.sock)
Default: ``*,3000``
.. option:: --backlog=<N>
Set listen backlog size.
Default: ``512``
.. option:: --backend-ipv4
Resolve backend hostname to IPv4 address only.
.. option:: --backend-ipv6
Resolve backend hostname to IPv6 address only.
.. option:: --backend-http-proxy-uri=<URI>
Specify proxy URI in the form
http://[<USER>:<PASS>@]<PROXY>:<PORT>. If a proxy
requires authentication, specify <USER> and <PASS>.
Note that they must be properly percent-encoded. This
proxy is used when the backend connection is HTTP/2.
First, make a CONNECT request to the proxy and it
connects to the backend on behalf of nghttpx. This
forms tunnel. After that, nghttpx performs SSL/TLS
handshake with the downstream through the tunnel. The
timeouts when connecting and making CONNECT request can
be specified by :option:`--backend-read-timeout` and
:option:`--backend-write-timeout` options.
Performance
~~~~~~~~~~~
.. option:: -n, --workers=<N>
Set the number of worker threads.
Default: ``1``
.. option:: --read-rate=<SIZE>
Set maximum average read rate on frontend connection.
Setting 0 to this option means read rate is unlimited.
Default: ``0``
.. option:: --read-burst=<SIZE>
Set maximum read burst size on frontend connection.
Setting 0 to this option means read burst size is
unlimited.
Default: ``0``
.. option:: --write-rate=<SIZE>
Set maximum average write rate on frontend connection.
Setting 0 to this option means write rate is unlimited.
Default: ``0``
.. option:: --write-burst=<SIZE>
Set maximum write burst size on frontend connection.
Setting 0 to this option means write burst size is
unlimited.
Default: ``0``
.. option:: --worker-read-rate=<SIZE>
Set maximum average read rate on frontend connection per
worker. Setting 0 to this option means read rate is
unlimited. Not implemented yet.
Default: ``0``
.. option:: --worker-read-burst=<SIZE>
Set maximum read burst size on frontend connection per
worker. Setting 0 to this option means read burst size
is unlimited. Not implemented yet.
Default: ``0``
.. option:: --worker-write-rate=<SIZE>
Set maximum average write rate on frontend connection
per worker. Setting 0 to this option means write rate
is unlimited. Not implemented yet.
Default: ``0``
.. option:: --worker-write-burst=<SIZE>
Set maximum write burst size on frontend connection per
worker. Setting 0 to this option means write burst size
is unlimited. Not implemented yet.
Default: ``0``
.. option:: --worker-frontend-connections=<N>
Set maximum number of simultaneous connections frontend
accepts. Setting 0 means unlimited.
Default: ``0``
.. option:: --backend-http2-connections-per-worker=<N>
Set maximum number of HTTP/2 connections per worker.
The default value is 0, which means the number of
backend addresses specified by :option:`-b` option.
.. option:: --backend-http1-connections-per-host=<N>
Set maximum number of backend concurrent HTTP/1
connections per host. This option is meaningful when :option:`-s`
option is used. To limit the number of connections per
frontend for default mode, use
:option:`--backend-http1-connections-per-frontend`\.
Default: ``8``
.. option:: --backend-http1-connections-per-frontend=<N>
Set maximum number of backend concurrent HTTP/1
connections per frontend. This option is only used for
default mode. 0 means unlimited. To limit the number
of connections per host for HTTP/2 or SPDY proxy mode
(-s option), use :option:`--backend-http1-connections-per-host`\.
Default: ``0``
.. option:: --rlimit-nofile=<N>
Set maximum number of open files (RLIMIT_NOFILE) to <N>.
If 0 is given, nghttpx does not set the limit.
Default: ``0``
.. option:: --backend-request-buffer=<SIZE>
Set buffer size used to store backend request.
Default: ``16K``
.. option:: --backend-response-buffer=<SIZE>
Set buffer size used to store backend response.
Default: ``16K``
Timeout
~~~~~~~
.. option:: --frontend-http2-read-timeout=<DURATION>
Specify read timeout for HTTP/2 and SPDY frontend
connection.
Default: ``3m``
.. option:: --frontend-read-timeout=<DURATION>
Specify read timeout for HTTP/1.1 frontend connection.
Default: ``3m``
.. option:: --frontend-write-timeout=<DURATION>
Specify write timeout for all frontend connections.
Default: ``30s``
.. option:: --stream-read-timeout=<DURATION>
Specify read timeout for HTTP/2 and SPDY streams. 0
means no timeout.
Default: ``0``
.. option:: --stream-write-timeout=<DURATION>
Specify write timeout for HTTP/2 and SPDY streams. 0
means no timeout.
Default: ``0``
.. option:: --backend-read-timeout=<DURATION>
Specify read timeout for backend connection.
Default: ``3m``
.. option:: --backend-write-timeout=<DURATION>
Specify write timeout for backend connection.
Default: ``30s``
.. option:: --backend-keep-alive-timeout=<DURATION>
Specify keep-alive timeout for backend connection.
Default: ``2s``
.. option:: --listener-disable-timeout=<DURATION>
After accepting connection failed, connection listener
is disabled for a given amount of time. Specifying 0
disables this feature.
Default: ``0``
SSL/TLS
~~~~~~~
.. option:: --ciphers=<SUITE>
Set allowed cipher list. The format of the string is
described in OpenSSL ciphers(1).
.. option:: -k, --insecure
Don't verify backend server's certificate if :option:`-p`\,
:option:`--client` or :option:`\--http2-bridge` are given and
:option:`--backend-no-tls` is not given.
.. option:: --cacert=<PATH>
Set path to trusted CA certificate file if :option:`-p`\, :option:`--client`
or :option:`--http2-bridge` are given and :option:`\--backend-no-tls` is not
given. The file must be in PEM format. It can contain
multiple certificates. If the linked OpenSSL is
configured to load system wide certificates, they are
loaded at startup regardless of this option.
.. option:: --private-key-passwd-file=<PATH>
Path to file that contains password for the server's
private key. If none is given and the private key is
password protected it'll be requested interactively.
.. option:: --subcert=<KEYPATH>:<CERTPATH>
Specify additional certificate and private key file.
nghttpx will choose certificates based on the hostname
indicated by client using TLS SNI extension. This
option can be used multiple times. To make OCSP
stapling work, <CERTPATH> must be absolute path.
.. option:: --backend-tls-sni-field=<HOST>
Explicitly set the content of the TLS SNI extension.
This will default to the backend HOST name.
.. option:: --dh-param-file=<PATH>
Path to file that contains DH parameters in PEM format.
Without this option, DHE cipher suites are not
available.
.. option:: --npn-list=<LIST>
Comma delimited list of ALPN protocol identifier sorted
in the order of preference. That means most desirable
protocol comes first. This is used in both ALPN and
NPN. The parameter must be delimited by a single comma
only and any white spaces are treated as a part of
protocol string.
Default: ``h2,h2-16,h2-14,spdy/3.1,http/1.1``
.. option:: --verify-client
Require and verify client certificate.
.. option:: --verify-client-cacert=<PATH>
Path to file that contains CA certificates to verify
client certificate. The file must be in PEM format. It
can contain multiple certificates.
.. option:: --client-private-key-file=<PATH>
Path to file that contains client private key used in
backend client authentication.
.. option:: --client-cert-file=<PATH>
Path to file that contains client certificate used in
backend client authentication.
.. option:: --tls-proto-list=<LIST>
Comma delimited list of SSL/TLS protocol to be enabled.
The following protocols are available: TLSv1.2, TLSv1.1
and TLSv1.0. The name matching is done in
case-insensitive manner. The parameter must be
delimited by a single comma only and any white spaces
are treated as a part of protocol string.
Default: ``TLSv1.2,TLSv1.1``
.. option:: --tls-ticket-key-file=<PATH>
Path to file that contains 48 bytes random data to
construct TLS session ticket parameters. This options
can be used repeatedly to specify multiple ticket
parameters. If several files are given, only the first
key is used to encrypt TLS session tickets. Other keys
are accepted but server will issue new session ticket
with first key. This allows session key rotation.
Please note that key rotation does not occur
automatically. User should rearrange files or change
options values and restart nghttpx gracefully. If
opening or reading given file fails, all loaded keys are
discarded and it is treated as if none of this option is
given. If this option is not given or an error occurred
while opening or reading a file, key is generated
automatically and renewed every 12hrs. At most 2 keys
are stored in memory.
.. option:: --fetch-ocsp-response-file=<PATH>
Path to fetch-ocsp-response script file. It should be
absolute path.
Default: ``/usr/local/share/nghttp2/fetch-ocsp-response``
.. option:: --ocsp-update-interval=<DURATION>
Set interval to update OCSP response cache.
Default: ``4h``
.. option:: --no-ocsp
Disable OCSP stapling.
HTTP/2 and SPDY
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. option:: -c, --http2-max-concurrent-streams=<N>
Set the maximum number of the concurrent streams in one
HTTP/2 and SPDY session.
Default: ``100``
.. option:: --frontend-http2-window-bits=<N>
Sets the per-stream initial window size of HTTP/2 SPDY
frontend connection. For HTTP/2, the size is 2\*\*<N>-1.
For SPDY, the size is 2\*\*<N>.
Default: ``16``
.. option:: --frontend-http2-connection-window-bits=<N>
Sets the per-connection window size of HTTP/2 and SPDY
frontend connection. For HTTP/2, the size is
2**<N>-1. For SPDY, the size is 2\*\*<N>.
Default: ``16``
.. option:: --frontend-no-tls
Disable SSL/TLS on frontend connections.
.. option:: --backend-http2-window-bits=<N>
Sets the initial window size of HTTP/2 backend
connection to 2\*\*<N>-1.
Default: ``16``
.. option:: --backend-http2-connection-window-bits=<N>
Sets the per-connection window size of HTTP/2 backend
connection to 2\*\*<N>-1.
Default: ``16``
.. option:: --backend-no-tls
Disable SSL/TLS on backend connections.
.. option:: --http2-no-cookie-crumbling
Don't crumble cookie header field.
.. option:: --padding=<N>
Add at most <N> bytes to a HTTP/2 frame payload as
padding. Specify 0 to disable padding. This option is
meant for debugging purpose and not intended to enhance
protocol security.
.. option:: --no-server-push
Disable HTTP/2 server push. Server push is only
supported by default mode and HTTP/2 frontend. SPDY
frontend does not support server push.
Mode
~~~~
.. describe:: (default mode)
Accept HTTP/2, SPDY and HTTP/1.1 over SSL/TLS. If
:option:`--frontend-no-tls` is used, accept HTTP/2 and HTTP/1.1.
The incoming HTTP/1.1 connection can be upgraded to
HTTP/2 through HTTP Upgrade. The protocol to the
backend is HTTP/1.1.
.. option:: -s, --http2-proxy
Like default mode, but enable secure proxy mode.
.. option:: --http2-bridge
Like default mode, but communicate with the backend in
HTTP/2 over SSL/TLS. Thus the incoming all connections
are converted to HTTP/2 connection and relayed to the
backend. See :option:`--backend-http-proxy-uri` option if you are
behind the proxy and want to connect to the outside
HTTP/2 proxy.
.. option:: --client
Accept HTTP/2 and HTTP/1.1 without SSL/TLS. The
incoming HTTP/1.1 connection can be upgraded to HTTP/2
connection through HTTP Upgrade. The protocol to the
backend is HTTP/2. To use nghttpx as a forward proxy,
use :option:`-p` option instead.
.. option:: -p, --client-proxy
Like :option:`--client` option, but it also requires the request
path from frontend must be an absolute URI, suitable for
use as a forward proxy.
Logging
~~~~~~~
.. option:: -L, --log-level=<LEVEL>
Set the severity level of log output. <LEVEL> must be
one of INFO, NOTICE, WARN, ERROR and FATAL.
Default: ``NOTICE``
.. option:: --accesslog-file=<PATH>
Set path to write access log. To reopen file, send USR1
signal to nghttpx.
.. option:: --accesslog-syslog
Send access log to syslog. If this option is used,
:option:`--accesslog-file` option is ignored.
.. option:: --accesslog-format=<FORMAT>
Specify format string for access log. The default
format is combined format. The following variables are
available:
* $remote_addr: client IP address.
* $time_local: local time in Common Log format.
* $time_iso8601: local time in ISO 8601 format.
* $request: HTTP request line.
* $status: HTTP response status code.
* $body_bytes_sent: the number of bytes sent to client
as response body.
* $http_<VAR>: value of HTTP request header <VAR> where
'_' in <VAR> is replaced with '-'.
* $remote_port: client port.
* $server_port: server port.
* $request_time: request processing time in seconds with
milliseconds resolution.
* $pid: PID of the running process.
* $alpn: ALPN identifier of the protocol which generates
the response. For HTTP/1, ALPN is always http/1.1,
regardless of minor version.
Default: ``$remote_addr - - [$time_local] "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"``
.. option:: --errorlog-file=<PATH>
Set path to write error log. To reopen file, send USR1
signal to nghttpx. stderr will be redirected to the
error log file unless :option:`--errorlog-syslog` is used.
Default: ``/dev/stderr``
.. option:: --errorlog-syslog
Send error log to syslog. If this option is used,
:option:`--errorlog-file` option is ignored.
.. option:: --syslog-facility=<FACILITY>
Set syslog facility to <FACILITY>.
Default: ``daemon``
HTTP
~~~~
.. option:: --add-x-forwarded-for
Append X-Forwarded-For header field to the downstream
request.
.. option:: --strip-incoming-x-forwarded-for
Strip X-Forwarded-For header field from inbound client
requests.
.. option:: --no-via
Don't append to Via header field. If Via header field
is received, it is left unaltered.
.. option:: --no-location-rewrite
Don't rewrite location header field on :option:`--http2-bridge`\,
:option:`--client` and default mode. For :option:`\--http2-proxy` and
:option:`--client-proxy` mode, location header field will not be
altered regardless of this option.
.. option:: --no-host-rewrite
Don't rewrite host and :authority header fields on
:option:`--http2-bridge`\, :option:`--client` and default mode. For
:option:`--http2-proxy` and :option:`\--client-proxy` mode, these headers
will not be altered regardless of this option.
.. option:: --altsvc=<PROTOID,PORT[,HOST,[ORIGIN]]>
Specify protocol ID, port, host and origin of
alternative service. <HOST> and <ORIGIN> are optional.
They are advertised in alt-svc header field or HTTP/2
ALTSVC frame. This option can be used multiple times to
specify multiple alternative services. Example:
:option:`--altsvc`\=h2,443
.. option:: --add-response-header=<HEADER>
Specify additional header field to add to response
header set. This option just appends header field and
won't replace anything already set. This option can be
used several times to specify multiple header fields.
Example: :option:`--add-response-header`\="foo: bar"
.. option:: --header-field-buffer=<SIZE>
Set maximum buffer size for incoming HTTP header field
list. This is the sum of header name and value in
bytes.
Default: ``64K``
.. option:: --max-header-fields=<N>
Set maximum number of incoming HTTP header fields, which
appear in one request or response header field list.
Default: ``100``
Debug
~~~~~
.. option:: --frontend-http2-dump-request-header=<PATH>
Dumps request headers received by HTTP/2 frontend to the
file denoted in <PATH>. The output is done in HTTP/1
header field format and each header block is followed by
an empty line. This option is not thread safe and MUST
NOT be used with option :option:`-n`\<N>, where <N> >= 2.
.. option:: --frontend-http2-dump-response-header=<PATH>
Dumps response headers sent from HTTP/2 frontend to the
file denoted in <PATH>. The output is done in HTTP/1
header field format and each header block is followed by
an empty line. This option is not thread safe and MUST
NOT be used with option :option:`-n`\<N>, where <N> >= 2.
.. option:: -o, --frontend-frame-debug
Print HTTP/2 frames in frontend to stderr. This option
is not thread safe and MUST NOT be used with option
:option:`-n`\=N, where N >= 2.
Process
~~~~~~~
.. option:: -D, --daemon
Run in a background. If :option:`-D` is used, the current working
directory is changed to '*/*'.
.. option:: --pid-file=<PATH>
Set path to save PID of this program.
.. option:: --user=<USER>
Run this program as <USER>. This option is intended to
be used to drop root privileges.
Misc
~~~~
.. option:: --conf=<PATH>
Load configuration from <PATH>.
Default: ``/etc/nghttpx/nghttpx.conf``
.. option:: -v, --version
Print version and exit.
.. option:: -h, --help
Print this help and exit.
The <SIZE> argument is an integer and an optional unit (e.g., 10K is
10 * 1024). Units are K, M and G (powers of 1024).
The <DURATION> argument is an integer and an optional unit (e.g., 1s
is 1 second and 500ms is 500 milliseconds). Units are h, m, s or ms
(hours, minutes, seconds and milliseconds, respectively). If a unit
is omitted, a second is used as unit.
FILES
-----
*/etc/nghttpx/nghttpx.conf*
The default configuration file path nghttpx searches at startup.
The configuration file path can be changed using :option:`--conf`
option.
Those lines which are staring ``#`` are treated as comment.
The option name in the configuration file is the long command-line
option name with leading ``--`` stripped (e.g., ``frontend``). Put
``=`` between option name and value. Don't put extra leading or
trailing spaces.
The options which do not take argument in the command-line *take*
argument in the configuration file. Specify ``yes`` as an argument
(e.g., ``http2-proxy=yes``). If other string is given, it is
ignored.
To specify private key and certificate file which are given as
positional arguments in commnad-line, use ``private-key-file`` and
``certificate-file``.
:option:`--conf` option cannot be used in the configuration file and
will be ignored if specified.
SIGNALS
-------
SIGQUIT
Shutdown gracefully. First accept pending connections and stop
accepting connection. After all connections are handled, nghttpx
exits.
SIGUSR1
Reopen log files.
SIGUSR2
Fork and execute nghttpx. It will execute the binary in the same
path with same command-line arguments and environment variables.
After new process comes up, sending SIGQUIT to the original process
to perform hot swapping.
SERVER PUSH
-----------
nghttpx supports HTTP/2 server push in default mode. nghttpx looks
for Link header field (`RFC 5988
<http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5988>`_) in response headers from
backend server and extracts URI-reference with parameter
``rel=preload`` (see `preload
<http://w3c.github.io/preload/#interoperability-with-http-link-header>`_)
and pushes those URIs to the frontend client. Here is a sample Link
header field to initiate server push:
.. code-block:: http
Link: </fonts/font.woff>; rel=preload
Link: </css/theme.css>; rel=preload
Currently, the following restrictions are applied for server push:
1. URI-reference must not contain authority. If it exists, it is not
pushed. ``/fonts/font.woff`` and ``css/theme.css`` are eligible to
be pushed. ``https://example.org/fonts/font.woff`` and
``//example.org/css/theme.css`` are not.
2. The associated stream must have method "GET" or "POST". The
associated stream's status code must be 200.
These limitations may be loosened in the future release.
UNIX DOMAIN SOCKET
------------------
nghttpx supports UNIX domain socket with a filename for both frontend
and backend connections.
Please note that current nghttpx implementation does not delete a
socket with a filename. And on start up, if nghttpx detects that the
specified socket already exists in the file system, nghttpx first
deletes it. However, if SIGUSR2 is used to execute new binary and
both old and new configurations use same filename, new binary does not
delete the socket and continues to use it.
OCSP STAPLING
-------------
OCSP query is done using external perl script ``fetch-ocsp-response``,
which has been developed as part of h2o project
(https://github.com/h2o/h2o).
The script file is usually installed under
``$(prefix)/share/nghttp2/`` directory. The actual path to script can
be customized using :option:`--fetch-ocsp-response-file` option.
SEE ALSO
--------
:manpage:`nghttp(1)`, :manpage:`nghttpd(1)`, :manpage:`h2load(1)`
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