479 lines
20 KiB
HTML
479 lines
20 KiB
HTML
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>pcre2build specification</title>
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</head>
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<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#00005A" link="#0066FF" alink="#3399FF" vlink="#2222BB">
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<h1>pcre2build man page</h1>
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<p>
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Return to the <a href="index.html">PCRE2 index page</a>.
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</p>
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<p>
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This page is part of the PCRE2 HTML documentation. It was generated
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automatically from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it,
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please consult the man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
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<br>
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<ul>
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<li><a name="TOC1" href="#SEC1">BUILDING PCRE2</a>
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<li><a name="TOC2" href="#SEC2">PCRE2 BUILD-TIME OPTIONS</a>
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<li><a name="TOC3" href="#SEC3">BUILDING 8-BIT, 16-BIT AND 32-BIT LIBRARIES</a>
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<li><a name="TOC4" href="#SEC4">BUILDING SHARED AND STATIC LIBRARIES</a>
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<li><a name="TOC5" href="#SEC5">Unicode and UTF SUPPORT</a>
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<li><a name="TOC6" href="#SEC6">JUST-IN-TIME COMPILER SUPPORT</a>
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<li><a name="TOC7" href="#SEC7">CODE VALUE OF NEWLINE</a>
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<li><a name="TOC8" href="#SEC8">WHAT \R MATCHES</a>
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<li><a name="TOC9" href="#SEC9">HANDLING VERY LARGE PATTERNS</a>
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<li><a name="TOC10" href="#SEC10">AVOIDING EXCESSIVE STACK USAGE</a>
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<li><a name="TOC11" href="#SEC11">LIMITING PCRE2 RESOURCE USAGE</a>
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<li><a name="TOC12" href="#SEC12">CREATING CHARACTER TABLES AT BUILD TIME</a>
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<li><a name="TOC13" href="#SEC13">USING EBCDIC CODE</a>
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<li><a name="TOC14" href="#SEC14">PCRE2GREP OPTIONS FOR COMPRESSED FILE SUPPORT</a>
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<li><a name="TOC15" href="#SEC15">PCRE2GREP BUFFER SIZE</a>
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<li><a name="TOC16" href="#SEC16">PCRE2TEST OPTION FOR LIBREADLINE SUPPORT</a>
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<li><a name="TOC17" href="#SEC17">DEBUGGING WITH VALGRIND SUPPORT</a>
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<li><a name="TOC18" href="#SEC18">CODE COVERAGE REPORTING</a>
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<li><a name="TOC19" href="#SEC19">SEE ALSO</a>
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<li><a name="TOC20" href="#SEC20">AUTHOR</a>
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<li><a name="TOC21" href="#SEC21">REVISION</a>
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</ul>
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<br><a name="SEC1" href="#TOC1">BUILDING PCRE2</a><br>
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<P>
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PCRE2 is distributed with a <b>configure</b> script that can be used to build
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the library in Unix-like environments using the applications known as
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Autotools. Also in the distribution are files to support building using
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<b>CMake</b> instead of <b>configure</b>. The text file
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<a href="README.txt"><b>README</b></a>
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contains general information about building with Autotools (some of which is
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repeated below), and also has some comments about building on various operating
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systems. There is a lot more information about building PCRE2 without using
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Autotools (including information about using <b>CMake</b> and building "by
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hand") in the text file called
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<a href="NON-AUTOTOOLS-BUILD.txt"><b>NON-AUTOTOOLS-BUILD</b>.</a>
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You should consult this file as well as the
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<a href="README.txt"><b>README</b></a>
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file if you are building in a non-Unix-like environment.
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</P>
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<br><a name="SEC2" href="#TOC1">PCRE2 BUILD-TIME OPTIONS</a><br>
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<P>
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The rest of this document describes the optional features of PCRE2 that can be
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selected when the library is compiled. It assumes use of the <b>configure</b>
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script, where the optional features are selected or deselected by providing
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options to <b>configure</b> before running the <b>make</b> command. However, the
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same options can be selected in both Unix-like and non-Unix-like environments
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if you are using <b>CMake</b> instead of <b>configure</b> to build PCRE2.
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</P>
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<P>
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If you are not using Autotools or <b>CMake</b>, option selection can be done by
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editing the <b>config.h</b> file, or by passing parameter settings to the
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compiler, as described in
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<a href="NON-AUTOTOOLS-BUILD.txt"><b>NON-AUTOTOOLS-BUILD</b>.</a>
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</P>
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<P>
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The complete list of options for <b>configure</b> (which includes the standard
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ones such as the selection of the installation directory) can be obtained by
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running
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<pre>
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./configure --help
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</pre>
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The following sections include descriptions of options whose names begin with
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--enable or --disable. These settings specify changes to the defaults for the
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<b>configure</b> command. Because of the way that <b>configure</b> works,
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--enable and --disable always come in pairs, so the complementary option always
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exists as well, but as it specifies the default, it is not described.
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</P>
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<br><a name="SEC3" href="#TOC1">BUILDING 8-BIT, 16-BIT AND 32-BIT LIBRARIES</a><br>
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<P>
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By default, a library called <b>libpcre2-8</b> is built, containing functions
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that take string arguments contained in vectors of bytes, interpreted either as
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single-byte characters, or UTF-8 strings. You can also build two other
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libraries, called <b>libpcre2-16</b> and <b>libpcre2-32</b>, which process
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strings that are contained in vectors of 16-bit and 32-bit code units,
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respectively. These can be interpreted either as single-unit characters or
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UTF-16/UTF-32 strings. To build these additional libraries, add one or both of
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the following to the <b>configure</b> command:
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<pre>
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--enable-pcre16
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--enable-pcre32
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</pre>
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If you do not want the 8-bit library, add
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<pre>
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--disable-pcre8
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</pre>
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as well. At least one of the three libraries must be built. Note that the POSIX
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wrapper is for the 8-bit library only, and that <b>pcre2grep</b> is an 8-bit
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program. Neither of these are built if you select only the 16-bit or 32-bit
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libraries.
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</P>
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<br><a name="SEC4" href="#TOC1">BUILDING SHARED AND STATIC LIBRARIES</a><br>
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<P>
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The Autotools PCRE2 building process uses <b>libtool</b> to build both shared
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and static libraries by default. You can suppress one of these by adding one of
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<pre>
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--disable-shared
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--disable-static
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</pre>
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to the <b>configure</b> command, as required.
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</P>
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<br><a name="SEC5" href="#TOC1">Unicode and UTF SUPPORT</a><br>
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<P>
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To build PCRE2 with support for Unicode and UTF character strings, add
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<pre>
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--enable-unicode
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</pre>
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to the <b>configure</b> command. This setting applies to all three libraries,
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adding support for UTF-8 to the 8-bit library, support for UTF-16 to the 16-bit
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library, and support for UTF-32 to the to the 32-bit library.
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It is not possible to build one library with
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UTF support and another without in the same configuration.
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</P>
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<P>
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Of itself, this setting does not make PCRE2 treat strings as UTF-8, UTF-16 or
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UTF-32. As well as compiling PCRE2 with this option, you also have have to set
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the PCRE2_UTF option when you call <b>pcre2_compile()</b> to compile a pattern.
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</P>
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<P>
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If you set --enable-unicode when compiling in an EBCDIC environment, PCRE2
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expects its input to be either ASCII or UTF-8 (depending on the run-time
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option). It is not possible to support both EBCDIC and UTF-8 codes in the same
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version of the library. Consequently, --enable-unicode and --enable-ebcdic are
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mutually exclusive.
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</P>
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<P>
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UTF support allows the libraries to process character codepoints up to 0x10ffff
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in the strings that they handle. It also provides support for accessing the
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properties of such characters, using pattern escapes such as \P, \p, and \X.
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Only the general category properties such as <i>Lu</i> and <i>Nd</i> are
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supported. Details are given in the
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<a href="pcre2pattern.html"><b>pcre2pattern</b></a>
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documentation.
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</P>
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<br><a name="SEC6" href="#TOC1">JUST-IN-TIME COMPILER SUPPORT</a><br>
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<P>
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Just-in-time compiler support is included in the build by specifying
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<pre>
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--enable-jit
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</pre>
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This support is available only for certain hardware architectures. If this
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option is set for an unsupported architecture, a compile time error occurs.
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See the
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<a href="pcre2jit.html"><b>pcre2jit</b></a>
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documentation for a discussion of JIT usage. When JIT support is enabled,
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pcre2grep automatically makes use of it, unless you add
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<pre>
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--disable-pcre2grep-jit
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</pre>
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to the "configure" command.
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</P>
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<br><a name="SEC7" href="#TOC1">CODE VALUE OF NEWLINE</a><br>
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<P>
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By default, PCRE2 interprets the linefeed (LF) character as indicating the end
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of a line. This is the normal newline character on Unix-like systems. You can
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compile PCRE2 to use carriage return (CR) instead, by adding
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<pre>
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--enable-newline-is-cr
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</pre>
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to the <b>configure</b> command. There is also a --enable-newline-is-lf option,
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which explicitly specifies linefeed as the newline character.
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<br>
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<br>
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Alternatively, you can specify that line endings are to be indicated by the two
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character sequence CRLF. If you want this, add
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<pre>
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--enable-newline-is-crlf
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</pre>
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to the <b>configure</b> command. There is a fourth option, specified by
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<pre>
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--enable-newline-is-anycrlf
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</pre>
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which causes PCRE2 to recognize any of the three sequences CR, LF, or CRLF as
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indicating a line ending. Finally, a fifth option, specified by
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<pre>
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--enable-newline-is-any
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</pre>
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causes PCRE2 to recognize any Unicode newline sequence.
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</P>
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<P>
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Whatever line ending convention is selected when PCRE2 is built can be
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overridden when the library functions are called. At build time it is
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conventional to use the standard for your operating system.
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</P>
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<br><a name="SEC8" href="#TOC1">WHAT \R MATCHES</a><br>
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<P>
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By default, the sequence \R in a pattern matches any Unicode newline sequence,
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whatever has been selected as the line ending sequence. If you specify
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<pre>
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--enable-bsr-anycrlf
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</pre>
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the default is changed so that \R matches only CR, LF, or CRLF. Whatever is
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selected when PCRE2 is built can be overridden when the library functions are
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called.
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</P>
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<br><a name="SEC9" href="#TOC1">HANDLING VERY LARGE PATTERNS</a><br>
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<P>
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Within a compiled pattern, offset values are used to point from one part to
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another (for example, from an opening parenthesis to an alternation
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metacharacter). By default, in the 8-bit and 16-bit libraries, two-byte values
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are used for these offsets, leading to a maximum size for a compiled pattern of
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around 64K. This is sufficient to handle all but the most gigantic patterns.
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Nevertheless, some people do want to process truly enormous patterns, so it is
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possible to compile PCRE2 to use three-byte or four-byte offsets by adding a
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setting such as
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<pre>
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--with-link-size=3
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</pre>
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to the <b>configure</b> command. The value given must be 2, 3, or 4. For the
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16-bit library, a value of 3 is rounded up to 4. In these libraries, using
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longer offsets slows down the operation of PCRE2 because it has to load
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additional data when handling them. For the 32-bit library the value is always
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4 and cannot be overridden; the value of --with-link-size is ignored.
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</P>
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<br><a name="SEC10" href="#TOC1">AVOIDING EXCESSIVE STACK USAGE</a><br>
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<P>
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When matching with the <b>pcre2_match()</b> function, PCRE2 implements
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backtracking by making recursive calls to an internal function called
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<b>match()</b>. In environments where the size of the stack is limited, this can
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severely limit PCRE2's operation. (The Unix environment does not usually suffer
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from this problem, but it may sometimes be necessary to increase the maximum
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stack size. There is a discussion in the
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<a href="pcre2stack.html"><b>pcre2stack</b></a>
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documentation.) An alternative approach to recursion that uses memory from the
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heap to remember data, instead of using recursive function calls, has been
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implemented to work round the problem of limited stack size. If you want to
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build a version of PCRE2 that works this way, add
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<pre>
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--disable-stack-for-recursion
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</pre>
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to the <b>configure</b> command. By default, the system functions <b>malloc()</b>
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and <b>free()</b> are called to manage the heap memory that is required, but
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custom memory management functions can be called instead. PCRE2 runs noticeably
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more slowly when built in this way. This option affects only the
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<b>pcre2_match()</b> function; it is not relevant for <b>pcre2_dfa_match()</b>.
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</P>
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<br><a name="SEC11" href="#TOC1">LIMITING PCRE2 RESOURCE USAGE</a><br>
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<P>
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Internally, PCRE2 has a function called <b>match()</b>, which it calls
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repeatedly (sometimes recursively) when matching a pattern with the
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<b>pcre2_match()</b> function. By controlling the maximum number of times this
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function may be called during a single matching operation, a limit can be
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placed on the resources used by a single call to <b>pcre2_match()</b>. The limit
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can be changed at run time, as described in the
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<a href="pcre2api.html"><b>pcre2api</b></a>
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documentation. The default is 10 million, but this can be changed by adding a
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setting such as
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<pre>
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--with-match-limit=500000
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</pre>
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to the <b>configure</b> command. This setting has no effect on the
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<b>pcre2_dfa_match()</b> matching function.
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</P>
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<P>
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In some environments it is desirable to limit the depth of recursive calls of
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<b>match()</b> more strictly than the total number of calls, in order to
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restrict the maximum amount of stack (or heap, if --disable-stack-for-recursion
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is specified) that is used. A second limit controls this; it defaults to the
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value that is set for --with-match-limit, which imposes no additional
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constraints. However, you can set a lower limit by adding, for example,
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<pre>
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--with-match-limit-recursion=10000
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</pre>
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to the <b>configure</b> command. This value can also be overridden at run time.
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</P>
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<br><a name="SEC12" href="#TOC1">CREATING CHARACTER TABLES AT BUILD TIME</a><br>
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<P>
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PCRE2 uses fixed tables for processing characters whose code points are less
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than 256. By default, PCRE2 is built with a set of tables that are distributed
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in the file <i>src/pcre2_chartables.c.dist</i>. These tables are for ASCII codes
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only. If you add
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<pre>
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--enable-rebuild-chartables
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</pre>
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to the <b>configure</b> command, the distributed tables are no longer used.
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Instead, a program called <b>dftables</b> is compiled and run. This outputs the
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source for new set of tables, created in the default locale of your C run-time
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system. (This method of replacing the tables does not work if you are cross
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compiling, because <b>dftables</b> is run on the local host. If you need to
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create alternative tables when cross compiling, you will have to do so "by
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hand".)
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</P>
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<br><a name="SEC13" href="#TOC1">USING EBCDIC CODE</a><br>
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<P>
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|
|
PCRE2 assumes by default that it will run in an environment where the character
|
||
|
|
code is ASCII (or Unicode, which is a superset of ASCII). This is the case for
|
||
|
|
most computer operating systems. PCRE2 can, however, be compiled to run in an
|
||
|
|
EBCDIC environment by adding
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
--enable-ebcdic
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
to the <b>configure</b> command. This setting implies
|
||
|
|
--enable-rebuild-chartables. You should only use it if you know that you are in
|
||
|
|
an EBCDIC environment (for example, an IBM mainframe operating system). The
|
||
|
|
--enable-ebcdic option is incompatible with --enable-unicode.
|
||
|
|
</P>
|
||
|
|
<P>
|
||
|
|
The EBCDIC character that corresponds to an ASCII LF is assumed to have the
|
||
|
|
value 0x15 by default. However, in some EBCDIC environments, 0x25 is used. In
|
||
|
|
such an environment you should use
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
--enable-ebcdic-nl25
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
as well as, or instead of, --enable-ebcdic. The EBCDIC character for CR has the
|
||
|
|
same value as in ASCII, namely, 0x0d. Whichever of 0x15 and 0x25 is <i>not</i>
|
||
|
|
chosen as LF is made to correspond to the Unicode NEL character (which, in
|
||
|
|
Unicode, is 0x85).
|
||
|
|
</P>
|
||
|
|
<P>
|
||
|
|
The options that select newline behaviour, such as --enable-newline-is-cr,
|
||
|
|
and equivalent run-time options, refer to these character values in an EBCDIC
|
||
|
|
environment.
|
||
|
|
</P>
|
||
|
|
<br><a name="SEC14" href="#TOC1">PCRE2GREP OPTIONS FOR COMPRESSED FILE SUPPORT</a><br>
|
||
|
|
<P>
|
||
|
|
By default, <b>pcre2grep</b> reads all files as plain text. You can build it so
|
||
|
|
that it recognizes files whose names end in <b>.gz</b> or <b>.bz2</b>, and reads
|
||
|
|
them with <b>libz</b> or <b>libbz2</b>, respectively, by adding one or both of
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
--enable-pcre2grep-libz
|
||
|
|
--enable-pcre2grep-libbz2
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
to the <b>configure</b> command. These options naturally require that the
|
||
|
|
relevant libraries are installed on your system. Configuration will fail if
|
||
|
|
they are not.
|
||
|
|
</P>
|
||
|
|
<br><a name="SEC15" href="#TOC1">PCRE2GREP BUFFER SIZE</a><br>
|
||
|
|
<P>
|
||
|
|
<b>pcre2grep</b> uses an internal buffer to hold a "window" on the file it is
|
||
|
|
scanning, in order to be able to output "before" and "after" lines when it
|
||
|
|
finds a match. The size of the buffer is controlled by a parameter whose
|
||
|
|
default value is 20K. The buffer itself is three times this size, but because
|
||
|
|
of the way it is used for holding "before" lines, the longest line that is
|
||
|
|
guaranteed to be processable is the parameter size. You can change the default
|
||
|
|
parameter value by adding, for example,
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
--with-pcre2grep-bufsize=50K
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
to the <b>configure</b> command. The caller of \fPpcre2grep\fP can, however,
|
||
|
|
override this value by specifying a run-time option.
|
||
|
|
</P>
|
||
|
|
<br><a name="SEC16" href="#TOC1">PCRE2TEST OPTION FOR LIBREADLINE SUPPORT</a><br>
|
||
|
|
<P>
|
||
|
|
If you add one of
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
--enable-pcre2test-libreadline
|
||
|
|
--enable-pcre2test-libedit
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
to the <b>configure</b> command, <b>pcre2test</b> is linked with the
|
||
|
|
<b>libreadline</b> or<b>libedit</b> library, respectively, and when its input is
|
||
|
|
from a terminal, it reads it using the <b>readline()</b> function. This provides
|
||
|
|
line-editing and history facilities. Note that <b>libreadline</b> is
|
||
|
|
GPL-licensed, so if you distribute a binary of <b>pcre2test</b> linked in this
|
||
|
|
way, there may be licensing issues. These can be avoided by linking with
|
||
|
|
<b>libedit</b> (which has a BSD licence) instead.
|
||
|
|
</P>
|
||
|
|
<P>
|
||
|
|
Setting this option causes the <b>-lreadline</b> option to be added to the
|
||
|
|
<b>pcre2test</b> build. In many operating environments with a sytem-installed
|
||
|
|
readline library this is sufficient. However, in some environments (e.g. if an
|
||
|
|
unmodified distribution version of readline is in use), some extra
|
||
|
|
configuration may be necessary. The INSTALL file for <b>libreadline</b> says
|
||
|
|
this:
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
"Readline uses the termcap functions, but does not link with
|
||
|
|
the termcap or curses library itself, allowing applications
|
||
|
|
which link with readline the to choose an appropriate library."
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
If your environment has not been set up so that an appropriate library is
|
||
|
|
automatically included, you may need to add something like
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
LIBS="-ncurses"
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
immediately before the <b>configure</b> command.
|
||
|
|
</P>
|
||
|
|
<br><a name="SEC17" href="#TOC1">DEBUGGING WITH VALGRIND SUPPORT</a><br>
|
||
|
|
<P>
|
||
|
|
By adding the
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
--enable-valgrind
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
option to to the <b>configure</b> command, PCRE2 will use valgrind annotations
|
||
|
|
to mark certain memory regions as unaddressable. This allows it to detect
|
||
|
|
invalid memory accesses, and is mostly useful for debugging PCRE2 itself.
|
||
|
|
</P>
|
||
|
|
<br><a name="SEC18" href="#TOC1">CODE COVERAGE REPORTING</a><br>
|
||
|
|
<P>
|
||
|
|
If your C compiler is gcc, you can build a version of PCRE2 that can generate a
|
||
|
|
code coverage report for its test suite. To enable this, you must install
|
||
|
|
<b>lcov</b> version 1.6 or above. Then specify
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
--enable-coverage
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
to the <b>configure</b> command and build PCRE2 in the usual way.
|
||
|
|
</P>
|
||
|
|
<P>
|
||
|
|
Note that using <b>ccache</b> (a caching C compiler) is incompatible with code
|
||
|
|
coverage reporting. If you have configured <b>ccache</b> to run automatically
|
||
|
|
on your system, you must set the environment variable
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
CCACHE_DISABLE=1
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
before running <b>make</b> to build PCRE2, so that <b>ccache</b> is not used.
|
||
|
|
</P>
|
||
|
|
<P>
|
||
|
|
When --enable-coverage is used, the following addition targets are added to the
|
||
|
|
<i>Makefile</i>:
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
make coverage
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
This creates a fresh coverage report for the PCRE2 test suite. It is equivalent
|
||
|
|
to running "make coverage-reset", "make coverage-baseline", "make check", and
|
||
|
|
then "make coverage-report".
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
make coverage-reset
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
This zeroes the coverage counters, but does nothing else.
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
make coverage-baseline
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
This captures baseline coverage information.
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
make coverage-report
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
This creates the coverage report.
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
make coverage-clean-report
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
This removes the generated coverage report without cleaning the coverage data
|
||
|
|
itself.
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
make coverage-clean-data
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
This removes the captured coverage data without removing the coverage files
|
||
|
|
created at compile time (*.gcno).
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
make coverage-clean
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
This cleans all coverage data including the generated coverage report. For more
|
||
|
|
information about code coverage, see the <b>gcov</b> and <b>lcov</b>
|
||
|
|
documentation.
|
||
|
|
</P>
|
||
|
|
<br><a name="SEC19" href="#TOC1">SEE ALSO</a><br>
|
||
|
|
<P>
|
||
|
|
<b>pcre2api</b>(3), <b>pcre2_config</b>(3).
|
||
|
|
</P>
|
||
|
|
<br><a name="SEC20" href="#TOC1">AUTHOR</a><br>
|
||
|
|
<P>
|
||
|
|
Philip Hazel
|
||
|
|
<br>
|
||
|
|
University Computing Service
|
||
|
|
<br>
|
||
|
|
Cambridge CB2 3QH, England.
|
||
|
|
<br>
|
||
|
|
</P>
|
||
|
|
<br><a name="SEC21" href="#TOC1">REVISION</a><br>
|
||
|
|
<P>
|
||
|
|
Last updated: 28 September 2014
|
||
|
|
<br>
|
||
|
|
Copyright © 1997-2014 University of Cambridge.
|
||
|
|
<br>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
Return to the <a href="index.html">PCRE2 index page</a>.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|