Optimize classes such as [Aa] to be a single caseless character.

ChangeLog

@@ -146,9 +146,13 @@ compile-time performance improvement).
 31. Installed a .gitignore file on a user's suggestion. When using the svn
 repository with git (through git svn) this helps keep it tidy.
 
-32. Add underflow check in JIT which may occure when the value of subject
+32. Add underflow check in JIT which may occur when the value of subject
 string pointer is close to 0.
 
+33. Arrange for classes such as [Aa] which contain just the two cases of the 
+same character, to be treated as a single caseless character. This causes the 
+first and required code unit optimizations to kick in where relevant.
+
 
 Version 10.33 16-April-2019
 ---------------------------

src/pcre2_compile.c

@@ -3635,6 +3635,8 @@ while (ptr < ptrend)
       if (c == CHAR_RIGHT_SQUARE_BRACKET && !inescq) break;
       }     /* End of class-processing loop */
 
+    /* -] at the end of a class is a literal '-' */
+
     if (class_range_state == RANGE_STARTED)
       {
       parsed_pattern[-1] = CHAR_MINUS;
@@ -5302,6 +5304,7 @@ BOOL groupsetfirstcu = FALSE;
 BOOL had_accept = FALSE;
 BOOL matched_char = FALSE;
 BOOL previous_matched_char = FALSE;
+BOOL reset_caseful = FALSE;
 const uint8_t *cbits = cb->cbits;
 uint8_t classbits[32];
 
@@ -5578,7 +5581,37 @@ for (;; pptr++)
       }        /* End of 1-char optimization */
 
     /* Handle character classes that contain more than just one literal
-    character. */
+    character. If there are exactly two characters in a positive class, see if
+    they are case partners. This can be optimized to generate a caseless single
+    character match (which also sets first/required code units if relevant). */
+
+    if (meta == META_CLASS && pptr[1] < META_END && pptr[2] < META_END && 
+        pptr[3] == META_CLASS_END)
+      {
+      uint32_t c = pptr[1];
+
+#ifdef SUPPORT_UNICODE
+      if (UCD_CASESET(c) == 0)
+#endif
+        {
+        uint32_t d = TABLE_GET(c, cb->fcc, c);
+#ifdef SUPPORT_UNICODE
+        if (utf && c > 127) d = UCD_OTHERCASE(c);
+#endif
+        if (c != d && pptr[2] == d)
+          {
+          pptr += 3;                 /* Move on to class end */
+          meta = c;
+          if ((options & PCRE2_CASELESS) == 0)
+            {
+            reset_caseful = TRUE;
+            options |= PCRE2_CASELESS;
+            req_caseopt = REQ_CASELESS;
+            } 
+          goto CLASS_CASELESS_CHAR;
+          }
+        }
+      }
 
     /* If a non-extended class contains a negative special such as \S, we need
     to flip the negation flag at the end, so that support for characters > 255
@@ -7818,9 +7851,15 @@ for (;; pptr++)
       }
 #endif
 
-    /* Caseful matches, or not one of the multicase characters. Get the
+    /* Caseful matches, or caseless and not one of the multicase characters. We
-    character's code units into mcbuffer, with the length in mclength. When not
+    come here by goto in the case of a positive class that contains only
-    in UTF mode, the length is always 1. */
+    case-partners of a character with just two cases; matched_char has already
+    been set TRUE and options fudged if necessary. */
+
+    CLASS_CASELESS_CHAR:
+
+    /* Get the character's code units into mcbuffer, with the length in
+    mclength. When not in UTF mode, the length is always 1. */
 
 #ifdef SUPPORT_UNICODE
     if (utf) mclength = PRIV(ord2utf)(meta, mcbuffer); else
@@ -7852,8 +7891,9 @@ for (;; pptr++)
       zeroreqcu = reqcu;
       zeroreqcuflags = reqcuflags;
 
-      /* If the character is more than one code unit long, we can set firstcu
+      /* If the character is more than one code unit long, we can set a single
-      only if it is not to be matched caselessly. */
+      firstcu only if it is not to be matched caselessly. Multiple possible 
+      starting code units may be picked up later in the studying code. */
 
       if (mclength == 1 || req_caseopt == 0)
         {
@@ -7883,7 +7923,17 @@ for (;; pptr++)
         reqcuflags = req_caseopt | cb->req_varyopt;
         }
       }
-    break;    /* End default meta handling */
+
+    /* If caselessness was temporarily instated, reset it. */
+
+    if (reset_caseful)
+      {
+      options &= ~PCRE2_CASELESS;
+      req_caseopt = 0;
+      reset_caseful = FALSE;
+      }
+
+    break;    /* End literal character handling */
     }         /* End of big switch */
   }           /* End of big loop */
 
@@ -8051,7 +8101,7 @@ for (;;)
     /* If this is not the first branch, the first char and reqcu have to
     match the values from all the previous branches, except that if the
     previous value for reqcu didn't have REQ_VARY set, it can still match,
-    and we set REQ_VARY for the regex. */
+    and we set REQ_VARY for the group from this branch's value. */
 
     else
       {
@@ -8090,7 +8140,7 @@ for (;;)
       else
         {
         reqcu = branchreqcu;
-        reqcuflags |= branchreqcuflags; /* To "or" REQ_VARY */
+        reqcuflags |= branchreqcuflags; /* To "or" REQ_VARY if present */
         }
       }
     }
@@ -10329,9 +10379,10 @@ if ((re->overall_options & PCRE2_NO_START_OPTIMIZE) == 0)
            is_startline(codestart, 0, &cb, 0, FALSE))
     re->flags |= PCRE2_STARTLINE;
 
-  /* Handle the "required code unit", if one is set. We can increment the
+  /* Handle the "required code unit", if one is set. In the UTF case we can
-  minimum minimum length only if we are sure this really is a different
+  increment the minimum minimum length only if we are sure this really is a
-  character, because the count is in characters, not code units. */
+  different character and not a non-starting code unit of the first character,
+  because the minimum length count is in characters, not code units. */
 
   if (reqcuflags >= 0)
     {

testdata/testinput10

@@ -559,4 +559,6 @@
 
 /(*UTF)(?=\x{123})/I
 
+/[\x{c1}\x{e1}]X[\x{145}\x{146}]/I,utf
+
 # End of testinput10

testdata/testinput12

@@ -449,4 +449,6 @@
 
 /(*UTF)(?=\x{123})/I
 
+/[\x{c1}\x{e1}]X[\x{145}\x{146}]/I,utf
+
 # End of testinput12

testdata/testinput2

@@ -5758,4 +5758,6 @@ a)"xI
 
 /(?(VERSION=10.4)b)((?<=b).*)/B
 
+/[aA]b[cC]/IB
+
 # End of testinput2

testdata/testoutput10

@@ -1766,4 +1766,11 @@ First code unit = \xc4
 Last code unit = \xa3
 Subject length lower bound = 1
 
+/[\x{c1}\x{e1}]X[\x{145}\x{146}]/I,utf
+Capture group count = 0
+Options: utf
+Starting code units: \xc3 
+Last code unit = 'X'
+Subject length lower bound = 3
+
 # End of testinput10

testdata/testoutput12-16

@@ -1587,4 +1587,11 @@ Overall options: utf
 First code unit = \x{123}
 Subject length lower bound = 1
 
+/[\x{c1}\x{e1}]X[\x{145}\x{146}]/I,utf
+Capture group count = 0
+Options: utf
+First code unit = \xc1 (caseless)
+Last code unit = \x{145} (caseless)
+Subject length lower bound = 3
+
 # End of testinput12

testdata/testoutput12-32

@@ -1585,4 +1585,11 @@ Overall options: utf
 First code unit = \x{123}
 Subject length lower bound = 1
 
+/[\x{c1}\x{e1}]X[\x{145}\x{146}]/I,utf
+Capture group count = 0
+Options: utf
+First code unit = \xc1 (caseless)
+Last code unit = \x{145} (caseless)
+Subject length lower bound = 3
+
 # End of testinput12

testdata/testoutput2

@@ -17387,6 +17387,20 @@ Subject length lower bound = 1
         End
 ------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+/[aA]b[cC]/IB
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+        Bra
+     /i a
+        b
+     /i c
+        Ket
+        End
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+Capture group count = 0
+First code unit = 'a' (caseless)
+Last code unit = 'c' (caseless)
+Subject length lower bound = 3
+
 # End of testinput2
 Error -70: PCRE2_ERROR_BADDATA (unknown error number)
 Error -62: bad serialized data