The newline convention affects where the circumflex and dollar assertions are true. It also affects the interpretation of the dot metacharacter when -PCRE2_DOTALL is not set, and the behaviour of \N. However, it does not affect -what the \R escape sequence matches. By default, this is any Unicode newline -sequence, for Perl compatibility. However, this can be changed; see the next -section and the description of \R in the section entitled +PCRE2_DOTALL is not set, and the behaviour of \N when not followed by an +opening brace. However, it does not affect what the \R escape sequence +matches. By default, this is any Unicode newline sequence, for Perl +compatibility. However, this can be changed; see the next section and the +description of \R in the section entitled "Newline sequences" below. A change of \R setting can be combined with a change of newline convention. @@ -382,20 +383,27 @@ text editing, it is often easier to use one of the following escape sequences than the binary character it represents. In an ASCII or Unicode environment, these escapes are as follows:
- \a alarm, that is, the BEL character (hex 07)
- \cx "control-x", where x is any printable ASCII character
- \e escape (hex 1B)
- \f form feed (hex 0C)
- \n linefeed (hex 0A)
- \r carriage return (hex 0D)
- \t tab (hex 09)
- \0dd character with octal code 0dd
- \ddd character with octal code ddd, or backreference
- \o{ddd..} character with octal code ddd..
- \xhh character with hex code hh
- \x{hhh..} character with hex code hhh.. (default mode)
- \uhhhh character with hex code hhhh (when PCRE2_ALT_BSUX is set)
+ \a alarm, that is, the BEL character (hex 07)
+ \cx "control-x", where x is any printable ASCII character
+ \e escape (hex 1B)
+ \f form feed (hex 0C)
+ \n linefeed (hex 0A)
+ \r carriage return (hex 0D)
+ \t tab (hex 09)
+ \0dd character with octal code 0dd
+ \ddd character with octal code ddd, or backreference
+ \o{ddd..} character with octal code ddd..
+ \xhh character with hex code hh
+ \x{hhh..} character with hex code hhh.. (default mode)
+ \N{U+hhh..} character with Unicode code point hhh..
+ \uhhhh character with hex code hhhh (when PCRE2_ALT_BSUX is set)
+Note that when \N is not followed by an opening brace (curly bracket) it has
+an entirely different meaning, matching any character that is not a newline.
+Perl also uses \N{name} to specify characters by Unicode name; PCRE2 does not
+support this.
+
+The precise effect of \cx on ASCII characters is as follows: if x is a lower case letter, it is converted to upper case. Then bit 6 of the character (hex 40) is inverted. Thus \cA to \cZ become hex 01 to hex 1A (A is 41, Z is 5A), @@ -404,14 +412,14 @@ code unit following \c has a value less than 32 or greater than 126, a compile-time error occurs.
-When PCRE2 is compiled in EBCDIC mode, \a, \e, \f, \n, \r, and \t -generate the appropriate EBCDIC code values. The \c escape is processed -as specified for Perl in the perlebcdic document. The only characters -that are allowed after \c are A-Z, a-z, or one of @, [, \, ], ^, _, or ?. Any -other character provokes a compile-time error. The sequence \c@ encodes -character code 0; after \c the letters (in either case) encode characters 1-26 -(hex 01 to hex 1A); [, \, ], ^, and _ encode characters 27-31 (hex 1B to hex -1F), and \c? becomes either 255 (hex FF) or 95 (hex 5F). +When PCRE2 is compiled in EBCDIC mode, \N{U+hhh..} is not supported. \a, \e, +\f, \n, \r, and \t generate the appropriate EBCDIC code values. The \c +escape is processed as specified for Perl in the perlebcdic document. The +only characters that are allowed after \c are A-Z, a-z, or one of @, [, \, ], +^, _, or ?. Any other character provokes a compile-time error. The sequence +\c@ encodes character code 0; after \c the letters (in either case) encode +characters 1-26 (hex 01 to hex 1A); [, \, ], ^, and _ encode characters 27-31 +(hex 1B to hex 1F), and \c? becomes either 255 (hex FF) or 95 (hex 5F).
Thus, apart from \c?, these escapes generate the same character code values as @@ -443,9 +451,9 @@ to be unambiguously specified.
For greater clarity and unambiguity, it is best to avoid following \ by a -digit greater than zero. Instead, use \o{} or \x{} to specify character -numbers, and \g{} to specify backreferences. The following paragraphs -describe the old, ambiguous syntax. +digit greater than zero. Instead, use \o{} or \x{} to specify numerical +character code points, and \g{} to specify backreferences. The following +paragraphs describe the old, ambiguous syntax.
The handling of a backslash followed by a digit other than 0 is complicated, @@ -528,10 +536,10 @@ and outside character classes. In addition, inside a character class, \b is interpreted as the backspace character (hex 08).
-\N is not allowed in a character class. \B, \R, and \X are not special -inside a character class. Like other unrecognized alphabetic escape sequences, -they cause an error. Outside a character class, these sequences have different -meanings. +When not followed by an opening brace, \N is not allowed in a character class. +\B, \R, and \X are not special inside a character class. Like other +unrecognized alphabetic escape sequences, they cause an error. Outside a +character class, these sequences have different meanings.
Each pair of lower and upper case escape sequences partitions the complete set @@ -1297,9 +1309,15 @@ dollar, the only relationship being that they both involve newlines. Dot has no special meaning in a character class.
-The escape sequence \N behaves like a dot, except that it is not affected by -the PCRE2_DOTALL option. In other words, it matches any character except one -that signifies the end of a line. Perl also uses \N to match characters by +The escape sequence \N when not followed by an opening brace behaves like a +dot, except that it is not affected by the PCRE2_DOTALL option. In other words, +it matches any character except one that signifies the end of a line. +
++When \N is followed by an opening brace it has a different meaning. See the +section entitled +"Non-printing characters" +above for details. Perl also uses \N{name} to specify characters by Unicode name; PCRE2 does not support this.
-When caseless matching is set, any letters in a class represent both their -upper case and lower case versions, so for example, a caseless [aeiou] matches -"A" as well as "a", and a caseless [^aeiou] does not match "A", whereas a -caseful version would. +Characters in a class may be specified by their code points using \o, \x, or +\N{U+hh..} in the usual way. When caseless matching is set, any letters in a +class represent both their upper case and lower case versions, so for example, +a caseless [aeiou] matches "A" as well as "a", and a caseless [^aeiou] does not +match "A", whereas a caseful version would.
Characters that might indicate line breaks are never treated in any special way @@ -1397,17 +1416,18 @@ whatever setting of the PCRE2_DOTALL and PCRE2_MULTILINE options is used. A class such as [^a] always matches one of these characters.
-The character escape sequences \d, \D, \h, \H, \p, \P, \s, \S, \v, -\V, \w, and \W may appear in a character class, and add the characters that -they match to the class. For example, [\dABCDEF] matches any hexadecimal -digit. In UTF modes, the PCRE2_UCP option affects the meanings of \d, \s, \w -and their upper case partners, just as it does when they appear outside a -character class, as described in the section entitled +The generic character type escape sequences \d, \D, \h, \H, \p, \P, \s, +\S, \v, \V, \w, and \W may appear in a character class, and add the +characters that they match to the class. For example, [\dABCDEF] matches any +hexadecimal digit. In UTF modes, the PCRE2_UCP option affects the meanings of +\d, \s, \w and their upper case partners, just as it does when they appear +outside a character class, as described in the section entitled "Generic character types" above. The escape sequence \b has a different meaning inside a character -class; it matches the backspace character. The sequences \B, \N, \R, and \X -are not special inside a character class. Like any other unrecognized escape -sequences, they cause an error. +class; it matches the backspace character. The sequences \B, \R, and \X are +not special inside a character class. Like any other unrecognized escape +sequences, they cause an error. The same is true for \N when not followed by +an opening brace.
The minus (hyphen) character can be used to specify a range of characters in a @@ -3559,7 +3579,7 @@ Cambridge, England.
-Last updated: 20 July 2018
+Last updated: 27 July 2018
Copyright © 1997-2018 University of Cambridge.
diff --git a/doc/html/pcre2syntax.html b/doc/html/pcre2syntax.html
index 63b8fb7..d087788 100644
--- a/doc/html/pcre2syntax.html
+++ b/doc/html/pcre2syntax.html
@@ -70,9 +70,10 @@ This table applies to ASCII and Unicode environments.
\ddd character with octal code ddd, or backreference
\o{ddd..} character with octal code ddd..
\U "U" if PCRE2_ALT_BSUX is set (otherwise is an error)
+ \N{U+hh..} character with Unicode code point hh..
\uhhhh character with hex code hhhh (if PCRE2_ALT_BSUX is set)
\xhh character with hex code hh
- \x{hhh..} character with hex code hhh..
+ \x{hh..} character with hex code hh..
Note that \0dd is always an octal code. The treatment of backslash followed by
a non-zero digit is complicated; for details see the section
@@ -80,7 +81,9 @@ a non-zero digit is complicated; for details see the section
in the
pcre2pattern
documentation, where details of escape processing in EBCDIC environments are
-also given.
+also given. \N{U+hh..} is synonymous with \x{hh..} in PCRE2 but is not
+supported in EBCDIC environments. Note that \N not followed by an opening
+curly bracket has a different meaning (see below).
When \x is not followed by {, from zero to two hexadecimal digits are read, @@ -621,7 +624,7 @@ Cambridge, England.
-Last updated: 21 July 2018
+Last updated: 27 July 2018
Copyright © 1997-2018 University of Cambridge.
diff --git a/doc/pcre2.txt b/doc/pcre2.txt
index abd5560..69effd7 100644
--- a/doc/pcre2.txt
+++ b/doc/pcre2.txt
@@ -6015,36 +6015,37 @@ SPECIAL START-OF-PATTERN ITEMS
The newline convention affects where the circumflex and dollar asser-
tions are true. It also affects the interpretation of the dot metachar-
- acter when PCRE2_DOTALL is not set, and the behaviour of \N. However,
- it does not affect what the \R escape sequence matches. By default,
- this is any Unicode newline sequence, for Perl compatibility. However,
- this can be changed; see the next section and the description of \R in
- the section entitled "Newline sequences" below. A change of \R setting
- can be combined with a change of newline convention.
+ acter when PCRE2_DOTALL is not set, and the behaviour of \N when not
+ followed by an opening brace. However, it does not affect what the \R
+ escape sequence matches. By default, this is any Unicode newline
+ sequence, for Perl compatibility. However, this can be changed; see the
+ next section and the description of \R in the section entitled "Newline
+ sequences" below. A change of \R setting can be combined with a change
+ of newline convention.
Specifying what \R matches
It is possible to restrict \R to match only CR, LF, or CRLF (instead of
- the complete set of Unicode line endings) by setting the option
- PCRE2_BSR_ANYCRLF at compile time. This effect can also be achieved by
- starting a pattern with (*BSR_ANYCRLF). For completeness, (*BSR_UNI-
+ the complete set of Unicode line endings) by setting the option
+ PCRE2_BSR_ANYCRLF at compile time. This effect can also be achieved by
+ starting a pattern with (*BSR_ANYCRLF). For completeness, (*BSR_UNI-
CODE) is also recognized, corresponding to PCRE2_BSR_UNICODE.
EBCDIC CHARACTER CODES
- PCRE2 can be compiled to run in an environment that uses EBCDIC as its
- character code instead of ASCII or Unicode (typically a mainframe sys-
- tem). In the sections below, character code values are ASCII or Uni-
+ PCRE2 can be compiled to run in an environment that uses EBCDIC as its
+ character code instead of ASCII or Unicode (typically a mainframe sys-
+ tem). In the sections below, character code values are ASCII or Uni-
code; in an EBCDIC environment these characters may have different code
values, and there are no code points greater than 255.
CHARACTERS AND METACHARACTERS
- A regular expression is a pattern that is matched against a subject
- string from left to right. Most characters stand for themselves in a
- pattern, and match the corresponding characters in the subject. As a
+ A regular expression is a pattern that is matched against a subject
+ string from left to right. Most characters stand for themselves in a
+ pattern, and match the corresponding characters in the subject. As a
trivial example, the pattern
The quick brown fox
@@ -6053,14 +6054,14 @@ CHARACTERS AND METACHARACTERS
caseless matching is specified (the PCRE2_CASELESS option), letters are
matched independently of case.
- The power of regular expressions comes from the ability to include
- alternatives and repetitions in the pattern. These are encoded in the
+ The power of regular expressions comes from the ability to include
+ alternatives and repetitions in the pattern. These are encoded in the
pattern by the use of metacharacters, which do not stand for themselves
but instead are interpreted in some special way.
- There are two different sets of metacharacters: those that are recog-
- nized anywhere in the pattern except within square brackets, and those
- that are recognized within square brackets. Outside square brackets,
+ There are two different sets of metacharacters: those that are recog-
+ nized anywhere in the pattern except within square brackets, and those
+ that are recognized within square brackets. Outside square brackets,
the metacharacters are as follows:
\ general escape character with several uses
@@ -6079,7 +6080,7 @@ CHARACTERS AND METACHARACTERS
also "possessive quantifier"
{ start min/max quantifier
- Part of a pattern that is in square brackets is called a "character
+ Part of a pattern that is in square brackets is called a "character
class". In a character class the only metacharacters are:
\ general escape character
@@ -6096,30 +6097,30 @@ BACKSLASH
The backslash character has several uses. Firstly, if it is followed by
a character that is not a number or a letter, it takes away any special
- meaning that character may have. This use of backslash as an escape
+ meaning that character may have. This use of backslash as an escape
character applies both inside and outside character classes.
- For example, if you want to match a * character, you must write \* in
- the pattern. This escaping action applies whether or not the following
- character would otherwise be interpreted as a metacharacter, so it is
- always safe to precede a non-alphanumeric with backslash to specify
+ For example, if you want to match a * character, you must write \* in
+ the pattern. This escaping action applies whether or not the following
+ character would otherwise be interpreted as a metacharacter, so it is
+ always safe to precede a non-alphanumeric with backslash to specify
that it stands for itself. In particular, if you want to match a back-
slash, you write \\.
- In a UTF mode, only ASCII numbers and letters have any special meaning
- after a backslash. All other characters (in particular, those whose
+ In a UTF mode, only ASCII numbers and letters have any special meaning
+ after a backslash. All other characters (in particular, those whose
code points are greater than 127) are treated as literals.
- If a pattern is compiled with the PCRE2_EXTENDED option, most white
- space in the pattern (other than in a character class), and characters
- between a # outside a character class and the next newline, inclusive,
+ If a pattern is compiled with the PCRE2_EXTENDED option, most white
+ space in the pattern (other than in a character class), and characters
+ between a # outside a character class and the next newline, inclusive,
are ignored. An escaping backslash can be used to include a white space
or # character as part of the pattern.
- If you want to remove the special meaning from a sequence of charac-
- ters, you can do so by putting them between \Q and \E. This is differ-
- ent from Perl in that $ and @ are handled as literals in \Q...\E
- sequences in PCRE2, whereas in Perl, $ and @ cause variable interpola-
+ If you want to remove the special meaning from a sequence of charac-
+ ters, you can do so by putting them between \Q and \E. This is differ-
+ ent from Perl in that $ and @ are handled as literals in \Q...\E
+ sequences in PCRE2, whereas in Perl, $ and @ cause variable interpola-
tion. Note the following examples:
Pattern PCRE2 matches Perl matches
@@ -6129,36 +6130,42 @@ BACKSLASH
\Qabc\$xyz\E abc\$xyz abc\$xyz
\Qabc\E\$\Qxyz\E abc$xyz abc$xyz
- The \Q...\E sequence is recognized both inside and outside character
- classes. An isolated \E that is not preceded by \Q is ignored. If \Q
- is not followed by \E later in the pattern, the literal interpretation
- continues to the end of the pattern (that is, \E is assumed at the
- end). If the isolated \Q is inside a character class, this causes an
- error, because the character class is not terminated by a closing
+ The \Q...\E sequence is recognized both inside and outside character
+ classes. An isolated \E that is not preceded by \Q is ignored. If \Q
+ is not followed by \E later in the pattern, the literal interpretation
+ continues to the end of the pattern (that is, \E is assumed at the
+ end). If the isolated \Q is inside a character class, this causes an
+ error, because the character class is not terminated by a closing
square bracket.
Non-printing characters
A second use of backslash provides a way of encoding non-printing char-
- acters in patterns in a visible manner. There is no restriction on the
- appearance of non-printing characters in a pattern, but when a pattern
+ acters in patterns in a visible manner. There is no restriction on the
+ appearance of non-printing characters in a pattern, but when a pattern
is being prepared by text editing, it is often easier to use one of the
- following escape sequences than the binary character it represents. In
+ following escape sequences than the binary character it represents. In
an ASCII or Unicode environment, these escapes are as follows:
- \a alarm, that is, the BEL character (hex 07)
- \cx "control-x", where x is any printable ASCII character
- \e escape (hex 1B)
- \f form feed (hex 0C)
- \n linefeed (hex 0A)
- \r carriage return (hex 0D)
- \t tab (hex 09)
- \0dd character with octal code 0dd
- \ddd character with octal code ddd, or backreference
- \o{ddd..} character with octal code ddd..
- \xhh character with hex code hh
- \x{hhh..} character with hex code hhh.. (default mode)
- \uhhhh character with hex code hhhh (when PCRE2_ALT_BSUX is set)
+ \a alarm, that is, the BEL character (hex 07)
+ \cx "control-x", where x is any printable ASCII character
+ \e escape (hex 1B)
+ \f form feed (hex 0C)
+ \n linefeed (hex 0A)
+ \r carriage return (hex 0D)
+ \t tab (hex 09)
+ \0dd character with octal code 0dd
+ \ddd character with octal code ddd, or backreference
+ \o{ddd..} character with octal code ddd..
+ \xhh character with hex code hh
+ \x{hhh..} character with hex code hhh.. (default mode)
+ \N{U+hhh..} character with Unicode code point hhh..
+ \uhhhh character with hex code hhhh (when PCRE2_ALT_BSUX is set)
+
+ Note that when \N is not followed by an opening brace (curly bracket)
+ it has an entirely different meaning, matching any character that is
+ not a newline. Perl also uses \N{name} to specify characters by Uni-
+ code name; PCRE2 does not support this.
The precise effect of \cx on ASCII characters is as follows: if x is a
lower case letter, it is converted to upper case. Then bit 6 of the
@@ -6167,15 +6174,15 @@ BACKSLASH
hex 7B (; is 3B). If the code unit following \c has a value less than
32 or greater than 126, a compile-time error occurs.
- When PCRE2 is compiled in EBCDIC mode, \a, \e, \f, \n, \r, and \t gen-
- erate the appropriate EBCDIC code values. The \c escape is processed as
- specified for Perl in the perlebcdic document. The only characters that
- are allowed after \c are A-Z, a-z, or one of @, [, \, ], ^, _, or ?.
- Any other character provokes a compile-time error. The sequence \c@
- encodes character code 0; after \c the letters (in either case) encode
- characters 1-26 (hex 01 to hex 1A); [, \, ], ^, and _ encode characters
- 27-31 (hex 1B to hex 1F), and \c? becomes either 255 (hex FF) or 95
- (hex 5F).
+ When PCRE2 is compiled in EBCDIC mode, \N{U+hhh..} is not supported.
+ \a, \e, \f, \n, \r, and \t generate the appropriate EBCDIC code values.
+ The \c escape is processed as specified for Perl in the perlebcdic doc-
+ ument. The only characters that are allowed after \c are A-Z, a-z, or
+ one of @, [, \, ], ^, _, or ?. Any other character provokes a compile-
+ time error. The sequence \c@ encodes character code 0; after \c the
+ letters (in either case) encode characters 1-26 (hex 01 to hex 1A); [,
+ \, ], ^, and _ encode characters 27-31 (hex 1B to hex 1F), and \c?
+ becomes either 255 (hex FF) or 95 (hex 5F).
Thus, apart from \c?, these escapes generate the same character code
values as they do in an ASCII environment, though the meanings of the
@@ -6203,9 +6210,9 @@ BACKSLASH
numbers and backreferences to be unambiguously specified.
For greater clarity and unambiguity, it is best to avoid following \ by
- a digit greater than zero. Instead, use \o{} or \x{} to specify charac-
- ter numbers, and \g{} to specify backreferences. The following para-
- graphs describe the old, ambiguous syntax.
+ a digit greater than zero. Instead, use \o{} or \x{} to specify numeri-
+ cal character code points, and \g{} to specify backreferences. The fol-
+ lowing paragraphs describe the old, ambiguous syntax.
The handling of a backslash followed by a digit other than 0 is compli-
cated, and Perl has changed over time, causing PCRE2 also to change.
@@ -6281,10 +6288,10 @@ BACKSLASH
inside and outside character classes. In addition, inside a character
class, \b is interpreted as the backspace character (hex 08).
- \N is not allowed in a character class. \B, \R, and \X are not special
- inside a character class. Like other unrecognized alphabetic escape
- sequences, they cause an error. Outside a character class, these
- sequences have different meanings.
+ When not followed by an opening brace, \N is not allowed in a character
+ class. \B, \R, and \X are not special inside a character class. Like
+ other unrecognized alphabetic escape sequences, they cause an error.
+ Outside a character class, these sequences have different meanings.
Unsupported escape sequences
@@ -6318,6 +6325,7 @@ BACKSLASH
\D any character that is not a decimal digit
\h any horizontal white space character
\H any character that is not a horizontal white space character
+ \N any character that is not a newline
\s any white space character
\S any character that is not a white space character
\v any vertical white space character
@@ -6325,10 +6333,12 @@ BACKSLASH
\w any "word" character
\W any "non-word" character
- There is also the single sequence \N, which matches a non-newline char-
- acter. This is the same as the "." metacharacter when PCRE2_DOTALL is
- not set. Perl also uses \N to match characters by name; PCRE2 does not
- support this.
+ The \N escape sequence has the same meaning as the "." metacharacter
+ when PCRE2_DOTALL is not set, but setting PCRE2_DOTALL does not change
+ the meaning of \N. Note that when \N is followed by an opening brace it
+ has a different meaning. See the section entitled "Non-printing charac-
+ ters" above for details. Perl also uses \N{name} to specify characters
+ by Unicode name; PCRE2 does not support this.
Each pair of lower and upper case escape sequences partitions the com-
plete set of characters into two disjoint sets. Any given character
@@ -6867,49 +6877,54 @@ FULL STOP (PERIOD, DOT) AND \N
flex and dollar, the only relationship being that they both involve
newlines. Dot has no special meaning in a character class.
- The escape sequence \N behaves like a dot, except that it is not
- affected by the PCRE2_DOTALL option. In other words, it matches any
- character except one that signifies the end of a line. Perl also uses
- \N to match characters by name; PCRE2 does not support this.
+ The escape sequence \N when not followed by an opening brace behaves
+ like a dot, except that it is not affected by the PCRE2_DOTALL option.
+ In other words, it matches any character except one that signifies the
+ end of a line.
+
+ When \N is followed by an opening brace it has a different meaning. See
+ the section entitled "Non-printing characters" above for details. Perl
+ also uses \N{name} to specify characters by Unicode name; PCRE2 does
+ not support this.
MATCHING A SINGLE CODE UNIT
- Outside a character class, the escape sequence \C matches any one code
- unit, whether or not a UTF mode is set. In the 8-bit library, one code
- unit is one byte; in the 16-bit library it is a 16-bit unit; in the
- 32-bit library it is a 32-bit unit. Unlike a dot, \C always matches
- line-ending characters. The feature is provided in Perl in order to
+ Outside a character class, the escape sequence \C matches any one code
+ unit, whether or not a UTF mode is set. In the 8-bit library, one code
+ unit is one byte; in the 16-bit library it is a 16-bit unit; in the
+ 32-bit library it is a 32-bit unit. Unlike a dot, \C always matches
+ line-ending characters. The feature is provided in Perl in order to
match individual bytes in UTF-8 mode, but it is unclear how it can use-
fully be used.
- Because \C breaks up characters into individual code units, matching
- one unit with \C in UTF-8 or UTF-16 mode means that the rest of the
- string may start with a malformed UTF character. This has undefined
+ Because \C breaks up characters into individual code units, matching
+ one unit with \C in UTF-8 or UTF-16 mode means that the rest of the
+ string may start with a malformed UTF character. This has undefined
results, because PCRE2 assumes that it is matching character by charac-
- ter in a valid UTF string (by default it checks the subject string's
- validity at the start of processing unless the PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK
+ ter in a valid UTF string (by default it checks the subject string's
+ validity at the start of processing unless the PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK
option is used).
- An application can lock out the use of \C by setting the
- PCRE2_NEVER_BACKSLASH_C option when compiling a pattern. It is also
+ An application can lock out the use of \C by setting the
+ PCRE2_NEVER_BACKSLASH_C option when compiling a pattern. It is also
possible to build PCRE2 with the use of \C permanently disabled.
- PCRE2 does not allow \C to appear in lookbehind assertions (described
- below) in UTF-8 or UTF-16 modes, because this would make it impossible
- to calculate the length of the lookbehind. Neither the alternative
+ PCRE2 does not allow \C to appear in lookbehind assertions (described
+ below) in UTF-8 or UTF-16 modes, because this would make it impossible
+ to calculate the length of the lookbehind. Neither the alternative
matching function pcre2_dfa_match() nor the JIT optimizer support \C in
these UTF modes. The former gives a match-time error; the latter fails
to optimize and so the match is always run using the interpreter.
- In the 32-bit library, however, \C is always supported (when not
- explicitly locked out) because it always matches a single code unit,
+ In the 32-bit library, however, \C is always supported (when not
+ explicitly locked out) because it always matches a single code unit,
whether or not UTF-32 is specified.
In general, the \C escape sequence is best avoided. However, one way of
- using it that avoids the problem of malformed UTF-8 or UTF-16 charac-
- ters is to use a lookahead to check the length of the next character,
- as in this pattern, which could be used with a UTF-8 string (ignore
+ using it that avoids the problem of malformed UTF-8 or UTF-16 charac-
+ ters is to use a lookahead to check the length of the next character,
+ as in this pattern, which could be used with a UTF-8 string (ignore
white space and line breaks):
(?| (?=[\x00-\x7f])(\C) |
@@ -6917,10 +6932,10 @@ MATCHING A SINGLE CODE UNIT
(?=[\x{800}-\x{ffff}])(\C)(\C)(\C) |
(?=[\x{10000}-\x{1fffff}])(\C)(\C)(\C)(\C))
- In this example, a group that starts with (?| resets the capturing
+ In this example, a group that starts with (?| resets the capturing
parentheses numbers in each alternative (see "Duplicate Subpattern Num-
bers" below). The assertions at the start of each branch check the next
- UTF-8 character for values whose encoding uses 1, 2, 3, or 4 bytes,
+ UTF-8 character for values whose encoding uses 1, 2, 3, or 4 bytes,
respectively. The character's individual bytes are then captured by the
appropriate number of \C groups.
@@ -6929,50 +6944,53 @@ SQUARE BRACKETS AND CHARACTER CLASSES
An opening square bracket introduces a character class, terminated by a
closing square bracket. A closing square bracket on its own is not spe-
- cial by default. If a closing square bracket is required as a member
+ cial by default. If a closing square bracket is required as a member
of the class, it should be the first data character in the class (after
- an initial circumflex, if present) or escaped with a backslash. This
- means that, by default, an empty class cannot be defined. However, if
- the PCRE2_ALLOW_EMPTY_CLASS option is set, a closing square bracket at
+ an initial circumflex, if present) or escaped with a backslash. This
+ means that, by default, an empty class cannot be defined. However, if
+ the PCRE2_ALLOW_EMPTY_CLASS option is set, a closing square bracket at
the start does end the (empty) class.
- A character class matches a single character in the subject. A matched
+ A character class matches a single character in the subject. A matched
character must be in the set of characters defined by the class, unless
- the first character in the class definition is a circumflex, in which
+ the first character in the class definition is a circumflex, in which
case the subject character must not be in the set defined by the class.
- If a circumflex is actually required as a member of the class, ensure
+ If a circumflex is actually required as a member of the class, ensure
it is not the first character, or escape it with a backslash.
- For example, the character class [aeiou] matches any lower case vowel,
- while [^aeiou] matches any character that is not a lower case vowel.
+ For example, the character class [aeiou] matches any lower case vowel,
+ while [^aeiou] matches any character that is not a lower case vowel.
Note that a circumflex is just a convenient notation for specifying the
- characters that are in the class by enumerating those that are not. A
- class that starts with a circumflex is not an assertion; it still con-
- sumes a character from the subject string, and therefore it fails if
+ characters that are in the class by enumerating those that are not. A
+ class that starts with a circumflex is not an assertion; it still con-
+ sumes a character from the subject string, and therefore it fails if
the current pointer is at the end of the string.
- When caseless matching is set, any letters in a class represent both
- their upper case and lower case versions, so for example, a caseless
- [aeiou] matches "A" as well as "a", and a caseless [^aeiou] does not
- match "A", whereas a caseful version would.
+ Characters in a class may be specified by their code points using \o,
+ \x, or \N{U+hh..} in the usual way. When caseless matching is set, any
+ letters in a class represent both their upper case and lower case ver-
+ sions, so for example, a caseless [aeiou] matches "A" as well as "a",
+ and a caseless [^aeiou] does not match "A", whereas a caseful version
+ would.
- Characters that might indicate line breaks are never treated in any
- special way when matching character classes, whatever line-ending
- sequence is in use, and whatever setting of the PCRE2_DOTALL and
- PCRE2_MULTILINE options is used. A class such as [^a] always matches
+ Characters that might indicate line breaks are never treated in any
+ special way when matching character classes, whatever line-ending
+ sequence is in use, and whatever setting of the PCRE2_DOTALL and
+ PCRE2_MULTILINE options is used. A class such as [^a] always matches
one of these characters.
- The character escape sequences \d, \D, \h, \H, \p, \P, \s, \S, \v, \V,
- \w, and \W may appear in a character class, and add the characters that
- they match to the class. For example, [\dABCDEF] matches any hexadeci-
- mal digit. In UTF modes, the PCRE2_UCP option affects the meanings of
- \d, \s, \w and their upper case partners, just as it does when they
- appear outside a character class, as described in the section entitled
- "Generic character types" above. The escape sequence \b has a different
- meaning inside a character class; it matches the backspace character.
- The sequences \B, \N, \R, and \X are not special inside a character
- class. Like any other unrecognized escape sequences, they cause an
- error.
+ The generic character type escape sequences \d, \D, \h, \H, \p, \P, \s,
+ \S, \v, \V, \w, and \W may appear in a character class, and add the
+ characters that they match to the class. For example, [\dABCDEF]
+ matches any hexadecimal digit. In UTF modes, the PCRE2_UCP option
+ affects the meanings of \d, \s, \w and their upper case partners, just
+ as it does when they appear outside a character class, as described in
+ the section entitled "Generic character types" above. The escape
+ sequence \b has a different meaning inside a character class; it
+ matches the backspace character. The sequences \B, \R, and \X are not
+ special inside a character class. Like any other unrecognized escape
+ sequences, they cause an error. The same is true for \N when not fol-
+ lowed by an opening brace.
The minus (hyphen) character can be used to specify a range of charac-
ters in a character class. For example, [d-m] matches any letter
@@ -9012,7 +9030,7 @@ AUTHOR
REVISION
- Last updated: 20 July 2018
+ Last updated: 27 July 2018
Copyright (c) 1997-2018 University of Cambridge.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -9873,19 +9891,23 @@ ESCAPED CHARACTERS
\ddd character with octal code ddd, or backreference
\o{ddd..} character with octal code ddd..
\U "U" if PCRE2_ALT_BSUX is set (otherwise is an error)
+ \N{U+hh..} character with Unicode code point hh..
\uhhhh character with hex code hhhh (if PCRE2_ALT_BSUX is set)
\xhh character with hex code hh
- \x{hhh..} character with hex code hhh..
+ \x{hh..} character with hex code hh..
Note that \0dd is always an octal code. The treatment of backslash fol-
lowed by a non-zero digit is complicated; for details see the section
"Non-printing characters" in the pcre2pattern documentation, where
- details of escape processing in EBCDIC environments are also given.
+ details of escape processing in EBCDIC environments are also given.
+ \N{U+hh..} is synonymous with \x{hh..} in PCRE2 but is not supported in
+ EBCDIC environments. Note that \N not followed by an opening curly
+ bracket has a different meaning (see below).
- When \x is not followed by {, from zero to two hexadecimal digits are
+ When \x is not followed by {, from zero to two hexadecimal digits are
read, but if PCRE2_ALT_BSUX is set, \x must be followed by two hexadec-
- imal digits to be recognized as a hexadecimal escape; otherwise it
- matches a literal "x". Likewise, if \u (in ALT_BSUX mode) is not fol-
+ imal digits to be recognized as a hexadecimal escape; otherwise it
+ matches a literal "x". Likewise, if \u (in ALT_BSUX mode) is not fol-
lowed by four hexadecimal digits, it matches a literal "u".
@@ -9910,14 +9932,14 @@ CHARACTER TYPES
\W a "non-word" character
\X a Unicode extended grapheme cluster
- \C is dangerous because it may leave the current matching point in the
+ \C is dangerous because it may leave the current matching point in the
middle of a UTF-8 or UTF-16 character. The application can lock out the
- use of \C by setting the PCRE2_NEVER_BACKSLASH_C option. It is also
+ use of \C by setting the PCRE2_NEVER_BACKSLASH_C option. It is also
possible to build PCRE2 with the use of \C permanently disabled.
- By default, \d, \s, and \w match only ASCII characters, even in UTF-8
+ By default, \d, \s, and \w match only ASCII characters, even in UTF-8
mode or in the 16-bit and 32-bit libraries. However, if locale-specific
- matching is happening, \s and \w may also match characters with code
+ matching is happening, \s and \w may also match characters with code
points in the range 128-255. If the PCRE2_UCP option is set, the behav-
iour of these escape sequences is changed to use Unicode properties and
they match many more characters.
@@ -9986,28 +10008,28 @@ PCRE2 SPECIAL CATEGORY PROPERTIES FOR \p and \P
SCRIPT NAMES FOR \p AND \P
- Adlam, Ahom, Anatolian_Hieroglyphs, Arabic, Armenian, Avestan, Bali-
- nese, Bamum, Bassa_Vah, Batak, Bengali, Bhaiksuki, Bopomofo, Brahmi,
- Braille, Buginese, Buhid, Canadian_Aboriginal, Carian, Caucasian_Alba-
- nian, Chakma, Cham, Cherokee, Common, Coptic, Cuneiform, Cypriot,
- Cyrillic, Deseret, Devanagari, Dogra, Duployan, Egyptian_Hieroglyphs,
- Elbasan, Ethiopic, Georgian, Glagolitic, Gothic, Grantha, Greek,
- Gujarati, Gunjala_Gondi, Gurmukhi, Han, Hangul, Hanifi_Rohingya,
- Hanunoo, Hatran, Hebrew, Hiragana, Imperial_Aramaic, Inherited,
- Inscriptional_Pahlavi, Inscriptional_Parthian, Javanese, Kaithi, Kan-
- nada, Katakana, Kayah_Li, Kharoshthi, Khmer, Khojki, Khudawadi, Lao,
- Latin, Lepcha, Limbu, Linear_A, Linear_B, Lisu, Lycian, Lydian, Maha-
- jani, Makasar, Malayalam, Mandaic, Manichaean, Marchen, Masaram_Gondi,
+ Adlam, Ahom, Anatolian_Hieroglyphs, Arabic, Armenian, Avestan, Bali-
+ nese, Bamum, Bassa_Vah, Batak, Bengali, Bhaiksuki, Bopomofo, Brahmi,
+ Braille, Buginese, Buhid, Canadian_Aboriginal, Carian, Caucasian_Alba-
+ nian, Chakma, Cham, Cherokee, Common, Coptic, Cuneiform, Cypriot,
+ Cyrillic, Deseret, Devanagari, Dogra, Duployan, Egyptian_Hieroglyphs,
+ Elbasan, Ethiopic, Georgian, Glagolitic, Gothic, Grantha, Greek,
+ Gujarati, Gunjala_Gondi, Gurmukhi, Han, Hangul, Hanifi_Rohingya,
+ Hanunoo, Hatran, Hebrew, Hiragana, Imperial_Aramaic, Inherited,
+ Inscriptional_Pahlavi, Inscriptional_Parthian, Javanese, Kaithi, Kan-
+ nada, Katakana, Kayah_Li, Kharoshthi, Khmer, Khojki, Khudawadi, Lao,
+ Latin, Lepcha, Limbu, Linear_A, Linear_B, Lisu, Lycian, Lydian, Maha-
+ jani, Makasar, Malayalam, Mandaic, Manichaean, Marchen, Masaram_Gondi,
Medefaidrin, Meetei_Mayek, Mende_Kikakui, Meroitic_Cursive,
- Meroitic_Hieroglyphs, Miao, Modi, Mongolian, Mro, Multani, Myanmar,
- Nabataean, New_Tai_Lue, Newa, Nko, Nushu, Ogham, Ol_Chiki, Old_Hungar-
- ian, Old_Italic, Old_North_Arabian, Old_Permic, Old_Persian, Old_Sog-
- dian, Old_South_Arabian, Old_Turkic, Oriya, Osage, Osmanya,
+ Meroitic_Hieroglyphs, Miao, Modi, Mongolian, Mro, Multani, Myanmar,
+ Nabataean, New_Tai_Lue, Newa, Nko, Nushu, Ogham, Ol_Chiki, Old_Hungar-
+ ian, Old_Italic, Old_North_Arabian, Old_Permic, Old_Persian, Old_Sog-
+ dian, Old_South_Arabian, Old_Turkic, Oriya, Osage, Osmanya,
Pahawh_Hmong, Palmyrene, Pau_Cin_Hau, Phags_Pa, Phoenician,
- Psalter_Pahlavi, Rejang, Runic, Samaritan, Saurashtra, Sharada, Sha-
- vian, Siddham, SignWriting, Sinhala, Sogdian, Sora_Sompeng, Soyombo,
- Sundanese, Syloti_Nagri, Syriac, Tagalog, Tagbanwa, Tai_Le, Tai_Tham,
- Tai_Viet, Takri, Tamil, Tangut, Telugu, Thaana, Thai, Tibetan, Tifi-
+ Psalter_Pahlavi, Rejang, Runic, Samaritan, Saurashtra, Sharada, Sha-
+ vian, Siddham, SignWriting, Sinhala, Sogdian, Sora_Sompeng, Soyombo,
+ Sundanese, Syloti_Nagri, Syriac, Tagalog, Tagbanwa, Tai_Le, Tai_Tham,
+ Tai_Viet, Takri, Tamil, Tangut, Telugu, Thaana, Thai, Tibetan, Tifi-
nagh, Tirhuta, Ugaritic, Vai, Warang_Citi, Yi, Zanabazar_Square.
@@ -10034,8 +10056,8 @@ CHARACTER CLASSES
word same as \w
xdigit hexadecimal digit
- In PCRE2, POSIX character set names recognize only ASCII characters by
- default, but some of them use Unicode properties if PCRE2_UCP is set.
+ In PCRE2, POSIX character set names recognize only ASCII characters by
+ default, but some of them use Unicode properties if PCRE2_UCP is set.
You can use \Q...\E inside a character class.
@@ -10121,8 +10143,8 @@ OPTION SETTING
(?xx) as (?x) but also ignore space and tab in classes
(?-...) unset option(s)
- The following are recognized only at the very start of a pattern or
- after one of the newline or \R options with similar syntax. More than
+ The following are recognized only at the very start of a pattern or
+ after one of the newline or \R options with similar syntax. More than
one of them may appear. For the first three, d is a decimal number.
(*LIMIT_DEPTH=d) set the backtracking limit to d
@@ -10137,17 +10159,17 @@ OPTION SETTING
(*UTF) set appropriate UTF mode for the library in use
(*UCP) set PCRE2_UCP (use Unicode properties for \d etc)
- Note that LIMIT_DEPTH, LIMIT_HEAP, and LIMIT_MATCH can only reduce the
- value of the limits set by the caller of pcre2_match() or
- pcre2_dfa_match(), not increase them. LIMIT_RECURSION is an obsolete
+ Note that LIMIT_DEPTH, LIMIT_HEAP, and LIMIT_MATCH can only reduce the
+ value of the limits set by the caller of pcre2_match() or
+ pcre2_dfa_match(), not increase them. LIMIT_RECURSION is an obsolete
synonym for LIMIT_DEPTH. The application can lock out the use of (*UTF)
- and (*UCP) by setting the PCRE2_NEVER_UTF or PCRE2_NEVER_UCP options,
+ and (*UCP) by setting the PCRE2_NEVER_UTF or PCRE2_NEVER_UCP options,
respectively, at compile time.
NEWLINE CONVENTION
- These are recognized only at the very start of the pattern or after
+ These are recognized only at the very start of the pattern or after
option settings with a similar syntax.
(*CR) carriage return only
@@ -10160,7 +10182,7 @@ NEWLINE CONVENTION
WHAT \R MATCHES
- These are recognized only at the very start of the pattern or after
+ These are recognized only at the very start of the pattern or after
option setting with a similar syntax.
(*BSR_ANYCRLF) CR, LF, or CRLF
@@ -10229,16 +10251,16 @@ CONDITIONAL PATTERNS
(?(VERSION[>]=n.m) test PCRE2 version
(?(assert) assertion condition
- Note the ambiguity of (?(R) and (?(Rn) which might be named reference
- conditions or recursion tests. Such a condition is interpreted as a
+ Note the ambiguity of (?(R) and (?(Rn) which might be named reference
+ conditions or recursion tests. Such a condition is interpreted as a
reference condition if the relevant named group exists.
BACKTRACKING CONTROL
- All backtracking control verbs may be in the form (*VERB:NAME). For
- (*MARK) the name is mandatory, for the others it is optional. (*SKIP)
- changes its behaviour if :NAME is present. The others just set a name
+ All backtracking control verbs may be in the form (*VERB:NAME). For
+ (*MARK) the name is mandatory, for the others it is optional. (*SKIP)
+ changes its behaviour if :NAME is present. The others just set a name
for passing back to the caller, but this is not a name that (*SKIP) can
see. The following act immediately they are reached:
@@ -10246,7 +10268,7 @@ BACKTRACKING CONTROL
(*FAIL) force backtrack; synonym (*F)
(*MARK:NAME) set name to be passed back; synonym (*:NAME)
- The following act only when a subsequent match failure causes a back-
+ The following act only when a subsequent match failure causes a back-
track to reach them. They all force a match failure, but they differ in
what happens afterwards. Those that advance the start-of-match point do
so only if the pattern is not anchored.
@@ -10258,7 +10280,7 @@ BACKTRACKING CONTROL
(*MARK:NAME); if not found, the (*SKIP) is ignored
(*THEN) local failure, backtrack to next alternation
- The effect of one of these verbs in a group called as a subroutine is
+ The effect of one of these verbs in a group called as a subroutine is
confined to the subroutine call.
@@ -10269,14 +10291,14 @@ CALLOUTS
(?C"text") callout with string data
The allowed string delimiters are ` ' " ^ % # $ (which are the same for
- the start and the end), and the starting delimiter { matched with the
- ending delimiter }. To encode the ending delimiter within the string,
+ the start and the end), and the starting delimiter { matched with the
+ ending delimiter }. To encode the ending delimiter within the string,
double it.
SEE ALSO
- pcre2pattern(3), pcre2api(3), pcre2callout(3), pcre2matching(3),
+ pcre2pattern(3), pcre2api(3), pcre2callout(3), pcre2matching(3),
pcre2(3).
@@ -10289,7 +10311,7 @@ AUTHOR
REVISION
- Last updated: 21 July 2018
+ Last updated: 27 July 2018
Copyright (c) 1997-2018 University of Cambridge.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/doc/pcre2api.3 b/doc/pcre2api.3
index 355a784..7866a11 100644
--- a/doc/pcre2api.3
+++ b/doc/pcre2api.3
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.TH PCRE2API 3 "02 July 2018" "PCRE2 10.32"
+.TH PCRE2API 3 "27 July 2018" "PCRE2 10.32"
.SH NAME
PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API)
.sp
@@ -1400,7 +1400,8 @@ character, even if newlines are coded as CRLF. Without this option, a dot does
not match when the current position in the subject is at a newline. This option
is equivalent to Perl's /s option, and it can be changed within a pattern by a
(?s) option setting. A negative class such as [^a] always matches newline
-characters, independent of the setting of this option.
+characters, and the \eN escape sequence always matches a non-newline character,
+independent of the setting of PCRE2_DOTALL.
.sp
PCRE2_DUPNAMES
.sp
@@ -3640,6 +3641,6 @@ Cambridge, England.
.rs
.sp
.nf
-Last updated: 02 July 2018
+Last updated: 27 July 2018
Copyright (c) 1997-2018 University of Cambridge.
.fi
diff --git a/doc/pcre2pattern.3 b/doc/pcre2pattern.3
index 056cad5..8d8dea2 100644
--- a/doc/pcre2pattern.3
+++ b/doc/pcre2pattern.3
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.TH PCRE2PATTERN 3 "20 July 2018" "PCRE2 10.32"
+.TH PCRE2PATTERN 3 "27 July 2018" "PCRE2 10.32"
.SH NAME
PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API)
.SH "PCRE2 REGULAR EXPRESSION DETAILS"
@@ -218,10 +218,11 @@ is used.
.P
The newline convention affects where the circumflex and dollar assertions are
true. It also affects the interpretation of the dot metacharacter when
-PCRE2_DOTALL is not set, and the behaviour of \eN. However, it does not affect
-what the \eR escape sequence matches. By default, this is any Unicode newline
-sequence, for Perl compatibility. However, this can be changed; see the next
-section and the description of \eR in the section entitled
+PCRE2_DOTALL is not set, and the behaviour of \eN when not followed by an
+opening brace. However, it does not affect what the \eR escape sequence
+matches. By default, this is any Unicode newline sequence, for Perl
+compatibility. However, this can be changed; see the next section and the
+description of \eR in the section entitled
.\" HTML
.\"
"Newline sequences"
@@ -359,20 +360,26 @@ text editing, it is often easier to use one of the following escape sequences
than the binary character it represents. In an ASCII or Unicode environment,
these escapes are as follows:
.sp
- \ea alarm, that is, the BEL character (hex 07)
- \ecx "control-x", where x is any printable ASCII character
- \ee escape (hex 1B)
- \ef form feed (hex 0C)
- \en linefeed (hex 0A)
- \er carriage return (hex 0D)
- \et tab (hex 09)
- \e0dd character with octal code 0dd
- \eddd character with octal code ddd, or backreference
- \eo{ddd..} character with octal code ddd..
- \exhh character with hex code hh
- \ex{hhh..} character with hex code hhh.. (default mode)
- \euhhhh character with hex code hhhh (when PCRE2_ALT_BSUX is set)
+ \ea alarm, that is, the BEL character (hex 07)
+ \ecx "control-x", where x is any printable ASCII character
+ \ee escape (hex 1B)
+ \ef form feed (hex 0C)
+ \en linefeed (hex 0A)
+ \er carriage return (hex 0D)
+ \et tab (hex 09)
+ \e0dd character with octal code 0dd
+ \eddd character with octal code ddd, or backreference
+ \eo{ddd..} character with octal code ddd..
+ \exhh character with hex code hh
+ \ex{hhh..} character with hex code hhh.. (default mode)
+ \eN{U+hhh..} character with Unicode code point hhh..
+ \euhhhh character with hex code hhhh (when PCRE2_ALT_BSUX is set)
.sp
+Note that when \eN is not followed by an opening brace (curly bracket) it has
+an entirely different meaning, matching any character that is not a newline.
+Perl also uses \eN{name} to specify characters by Unicode name; PCRE2 does not
+support this.
+.P
The precise effect of \ecx on ASCII characters is as follows: if x is a lower
case letter, it is converted to upper case. Then bit 6 of the character (hex
40) is inverted. Thus \ecA to \ecZ become hex 01 to hex 1A (A is 41, Z is 5A),
@@ -380,14 +387,14 @@ but \ec{ becomes hex 3B ({ is 7B), and \ec; becomes hex 7B (; is 3B). If the
code unit following \ec has a value less than 32 or greater than 126, a
compile-time error occurs.
.P
-When PCRE2 is compiled in EBCDIC mode, \ea, \ee, \ef, \en, \er, and \et
-generate the appropriate EBCDIC code values. The \ec escape is processed
-as specified for Perl in the \fBperlebcdic\fP document. The only characters
-that are allowed after \ec are A-Z, a-z, or one of @, [, \e, ], ^, _, or ?. Any
-other character provokes a compile-time error. The sequence \ec@ encodes
-character code 0; after \ec the letters (in either case) encode characters 1-26
-(hex 01 to hex 1A); [, \e, ], ^, and _ encode characters 27-31 (hex 1B to hex
-1F), and \ec? becomes either 255 (hex FF) or 95 (hex 5F).
+When PCRE2 is compiled in EBCDIC mode, \eN{U+hhh..} is not supported. \ea, \ee,
+\ef, \en, \er, and \et generate the appropriate EBCDIC code values. The \ec
+escape is processed as specified for Perl in the \fBperlebcdic\fP document. The
+only characters that are allowed after \ec are A-Z, a-z, or one of @, [, \e, ],
+^, _, or ?. Any other character provokes a compile-time error. The sequence
+\ec@ encodes character code 0; after \ec the letters (in either case) encode
+characters 1-26 (hex 01 to hex 1A); [, \e, ], ^, and _ encode characters 27-31
+(hex 1B to hex 1F), and \ec? becomes either 255 (hex FF) or 95 (hex 5F).
.P
Thus, apart from \ec?, these escapes generate the same character code values as
they do in an ASCII environment, though the meanings of the values mostly
@@ -414,9 +421,9 @@ numbers greater than 0777, and it also allows octal numbers and backreferences
to be unambiguously specified.
.P
For greater clarity and unambiguity, it is best to avoid following \e by a
-digit greater than zero. Instead, use \eo{} or \ex{} to specify character
-numbers, and \eg{} to specify backreferences. The following paragraphs
-describe the old, ambiguous syntax.
+digit greater than zero. Instead, use \eo{} or \ex{} to specify numerical
+character code points, and \eg{} to specify backreferences. The following
+paragraphs describe the old, ambiguous syntax.
.P
The handling of a backslash followed by a digit other than 0 is complicated,
and Perl has changed over time, causing PCRE2 also to change.
@@ -507,10 +514,10 @@ All the sequences that define a single character value can be used both inside
and outside character classes. In addition, inside a character class, \eb is
interpreted as the backspace character (hex 08).
.P
-\eN is not allowed in a character class. \eB, \eR, and \eX are not special
-inside a character class. Like other unrecognized alphabetic escape sequences,
-they cause an error. Outside a character class, these sequences have different
-meanings.
+When not followed by an opening brace, \eN is not allowed in a character class.
+\eB, \eR, and \eX are not special inside a character class. Like other
+unrecognized alphabetic escape sequences, they cause an error. Outside a
+character class, these sequences have different meanings.
.
.
.SS "Unsupported escape sequences"
@@ -569,6 +576,7 @@ Another use of backslash is for specifying generic character types:
\eD any character that is not a decimal digit
\eh any horizontal white space character
\eH any character that is not a horizontal white space character
+ \eN any character that is not a newline
\es any white space character
\eS any character that is not a white space character
\ev any vertical white space character
@@ -576,14 +584,20 @@ Another use of backslash is for specifying generic character types:
\ew any "word" character
\eW any "non-word" character
.sp
-There is also the single sequence \eN, which matches a non-newline character.
-This is the same as
+The \eN escape sequence has the same meaning as
.\" HTML
.\"
the "." metacharacter
.\"
-when PCRE2_DOTALL is not set. Perl also uses \eN to match characters by name;
-PCRE2 does not support this.
+when PCRE2_DOTALL is not set, but setting PCRE2_DOTALL does not change the
+meaning of \eN. Note that when \eN is followed by an opening brace it has a
+different meaning. See the section entitled
+.\" HTML
+.\"
+"Non-printing characters"
+.\"
+above for details. Perl also uses \eN{name} to specify characters by Unicode
+name; PCRE2 does not support this.
.P
Each pair of lower and upper case escape sequences partitions the complete set
of characters into two disjoint sets. Any given character matches one, and only
@@ -1289,9 +1303,17 @@ The handling of dot is entirely independent of the handling of circumflex and
dollar, the only relationship being that they both involve newlines. Dot has no
special meaning in a character class.
.P
-The escape sequence \eN behaves like a dot, except that it is not affected by
-the PCRE2_DOTALL option. In other words, it matches any character except one
-that signifies the end of a line. Perl also uses \eN to match characters by
+The escape sequence \eN when not followed by an opening brace behaves like a
+dot, except that it is not affected by the PCRE2_DOTALL option. In other words,
+it matches any character except one that signifies the end of a line.
+.P
+When \eN is followed by an opening brace it has a different meaning. See the
+section entitled
+.\" HTML
+.\"
+"Non-printing characters"
+.\"
+above for details. Perl also uses \eN{name} to specify characters by Unicode
name; PCRE2 does not support this.
.
.
@@ -1380,30 +1402,32 @@ circumflex is not an assertion; it still consumes a character from the subject
string, and therefore it fails if the current pointer is at the end of the
string.
.P
-When caseless matching is set, any letters in a class represent both their
-upper case and lower case versions, so for example, a caseless [aeiou] matches
-"A" as well as "a", and a caseless [^aeiou] does not match "A", whereas a
-caseful version would.
+Characters in a class may be specified by their code points using \eo, \ex, or
+\eN{U+hh..} in the usual way. When caseless matching is set, any letters in a
+class represent both their upper case and lower case versions, so for example,
+a caseless [aeiou] matches "A" as well as "a", and a caseless [^aeiou] does not
+match "A", whereas a caseful version would.
.P
Characters that might indicate line breaks are never treated in any special way
when matching character classes, whatever line-ending sequence is in use, and
whatever setting of the PCRE2_DOTALL and PCRE2_MULTILINE options is used. A
class such as [^a] always matches one of these characters.
.P
-The character escape sequences \ed, \eD, \eh, \eH, \ep, \eP, \es, \eS, \ev,
-\eV, \ew, and \eW may appear in a character class, and add the characters that
-they match to the class. For example, [\edABCDEF] matches any hexadecimal
-digit. In UTF modes, the PCRE2_UCP option affects the meanings of \ed, \es, \ew
-and their upper case partners, just as it does when they appear outside a
-character class, as described in the section entitled
+The generic character type escape sequences \ed, \eD, \eh, \eH, \ep, \eP, \es,
+\eS, \ev, \eV, \ew, and \eW may appear in a character class, and add the
+characters that they match to the class. For example, [\edABCDEF] matches any
+hexadecimal digit. In UTF modes, the PCRE2_UCP option affects the meanings of
+\ed, \es, \ew and their upper case partners, just as it does when they appear
+outside a character class, as described in the section entitled
.\" HTML
.\"
"Generic character types"
.\"
above. The escape sequence \eb has a different meaning inside a character
-class; it matches the backspace character. The sequences \eB, \eN, \eR, and \eX
-are not special inside a character class. Like any other unrecognized escape
-sequences, they cause an error.
+class; it matches the backspace character. The sequences \eB, \eR, and \eX are
+not special inside a character class. Like any other unrecognized escape
+sequences, they cause an error. The same is true for \eN when not followed by
+an opening brace.
.P
The minus (hyphen) character can be used to specify a range of characters in a
character class. For example, [d-m] matches any letter between d and m,
@@ -3580,6 +3604,6 @@ Cambridge, England.
.rs
.sp
.nf
-Last updated: 20 July 2018
+Last updated: 27 July 2018
Copyright (c) 1997-2018 University of Cambridge.
.fi
diff --git a/doc/pcre2syntax.3 b/doc/pcre2syntax.3
index fa32ad6..1271ba2 100644
--- a/doc/pcre2syntax.3
+++ b/doc/pcre2syntax.3
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.TH PCRE2SYNTAX 3 "21 July 2018" "PCRE2 10.32"
+.TH PCRE2SYNTAX 3 "27 July 2018" "PCRE2 10.32"
.SH NAME
PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API)
.SH "PCRE2 REGULAR EXPRESSION SYNTAX SUMMARY"
@@ -35,9 +35,10 @@ This table applies to ASCII and Unicode environments.
\eddd character with octal code ddd, or backreference
\eo{ddd..} character with octal code ddd..
\eU "U" if PCRE2_ALT_BSUX is set (otherwise is an error)
+ \eN{U+hh..} character with Unicode code point hh..
\euhhhh character with hex code hhhh (if PCRE2_ALT_BSUX is set)
\exhh character with hex code hh
- \ex{hhh..} character with hex code hhh..
+ \ex{hh..} character with hex code hh..
.sp
Note that \e0dd is always an octal code. The treatment of backslash followed by
a non-zero digit is complicated; for details see the section
@@ -50,7 +51,9 @@ in the
\fBpcre2pattern\fP
.\"
documentation, where details of escape processing in EBCDIC environments are
-also given.
+also given. \eN{U+hh..} is synonymous with \ex{hh..} in PCRE2 but is not
+supported in EBCDIC environments. Note that \eN not followed by an opening
+curly bracket has a different meaning (see below).
.P
When \ex is not followed by {, from zero to two hexadecimal digits are read,
but if PCRE2_ALT_BSUX is set, \ex must be followed by two hexadecimal digits to
@@ -609,6 +612,6 @@ Cambridge, England.
.rs
.sp
.nf
-Last updated: 21 July 2018
+Last updated: 27 July 2018
Copyright (c) 1997-2018 University of Cambridge.
.fi
diff --git a/src/pcre2.h.in b/src/pcre2.h.in
index 21c9f93..a0a62fb 100644
--- a/src/pcre2.h.in
+++ b/src/pcre2.h.in
@@ -316,6 +316,7 @@ pcre2_pattern_convert(). */
#define PCRE2_ERROR_INTERNAL_BAD_CODE_IN_SKIP 190
#define PCRE2_ERROR_NO_SURROGATES_IN_UTF16 191
#define PCRE2_ERROR_BAD_LITERAL_OPTIONS 192
+#define PCRE2_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED_IN_EBCDIC 193
/* "Expected" matching error codes: no match and partial match. */
diff --git a/src/pcre2_compile.c b/src/pcre2_compile.c
index 6b0a54d..d6b9e60 100644
--- a/src/pcre2_compile.c
+++ b/src/pcre2_compile.c
@@ -731,7 +731,7 @@ enum { ERR0 = COMPILE_ERROR_BASE,
ERR61, ERR62, ERR63, ERR64, ERR65, ERR66, ERR67, ERR68, ERR69, ERR70,
ERR71, ERR72, ERR73, ERR74, ERR75, ERR76, ERR77, ERR78, ERR79, ERR80,
ERR81, ERR82, ERR83, ERR84, ERR85, ERR86, ERR87, ERR88, ERR89, ERR90,
- ERR91, ERR92};
+ ERR91, ERR92, ERR93 };
/* This is a table of start-of-pattern options such as (*UTF) and settings such
as (*LIMIT_MATCH=nnnn) and (*CRLF). For completeness and backward
@@ -1441,6 +1441,42 @@ else if ((i = escapes[c - ESCAPES_FIRST]) != 0)
escape = -i; /* Else return a special escape */
if (cb != NULL && (escape == ESC_P || escape == ESC_p || escape == ESC_X))
cb->external_flags |= PCRE2_HASBKPORX; /* Note \P, \p, or \X */
+
+ /* Perl supports \N{name} for character names and \N{U+dddd} for numerical
+ Unicode code points, as well as plain \N for "not newline". PCRE does not
+ support \N{name}. However, it does support quantification such as \N{2,3},
+ so if \N{ is not followed by U+dddd we check for a quantifier. */
+
+ if (escape == ESC_N && ptr < ptrend && *ptr == CHAR_LEFT_CURLY_BRACKET)
+ {
+ PCRE2_SPTR p = ptr + 1;
+
+ /* \N{U+ can be handled by the \x{ code. However, this construction is
+ not valid in EBCDIC environments because it specifies a Unicode
+ character, not a codepoint in the local code. For example \N{U+0041}
+ must be "A" in all environments. */
+
+ if (ptrend - p > 1 && *p == CHAR_U && p[1] == CHAR_PLUS)
+ {
+#ifdef EBCDIC
+ *errorcodeptr = ERR93;
+#else
+ ptr = p + 1;
+ escape = 0; /* Not a fancy escape after all */
+ goto COME_FROM_NU;
+#endif
+ }
+
+ /* Give an error if what follows is not a quantifier, but don't override
+ an error set by the quantifier reader (e.g. number overflow). */
+
+ else
+ {
+ if (!read_repeat_counts(&p, ptrend, NULL, NULL, errorcodeptr) &&
+ *errorcodeptr == 0)
+ *errorcodeptr = ERR37;
+ }
+ }
}
}
@@ -1725,6 +1761,9 @@ else
{
if (ptr < ptrend && *ptr == CHAR_LEFT_CURLY_BRACKET)
{
+#ifndef EBCDIC
+ COME_FROM_NU:
+#endif
if (++ptr >= ptrend || *ptr == CHAR_RIGHT_CURLY_BRACKET)
{
*errorcodeptr = ERR78;
@@ -1858,19 +1897,6 @@ else
}
}
-/* Perl supports \N{name} for character names, as well as plain \N for "not
-newline". PCRE does not support \N{name}. However, it does support
-quantification such as \N{2,3}. */
-
-if (escape == ESC_N && ptr < ptrend && *ptr == CHAR_LEFT_CURLY_BRACKET &&
- ptrend - ptr > 2)
- {
- PCRE2_SPTR p = ptr + 1;
- if (!read_repeat_counts(&p, ptrend, NULL, NULL, errorcodeptr) &&
- *errorcodeptr == 0)
- *errorcodeptr = ERR37;
- }
-
/* Set the pointer to the next character before returning. */
*ptrptr = ptr;
@@ -3223,7 +3249,6 @@ while (ptr < ptrend)
tempptr = ptr;
escape = PRIV(check_escape)(&ptr, ptrend, &c, &errorcode,
options, TRUE, cb);
-
if (errorcode != 0)
{
CLASS_ESCAPE_FAILED:
diff --git a/src/pcre2_error.c b/src/pcre2_error.c
index bfc62af..7c45cd9 100644
--- a/src/pcre2_error.c
+++ b/src/pcre2_error.c
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ static const unsigned char compile_error_texts[] =
"using UCP is disabled by the application\0"
"name is too long in (*MARK), (*PRUNE), (*SKIP), or (*THEN)\0"
"character code point value in \\u.... sequence is too large\0"
- "digits missing in \\x{} or \\o{}\0"
+ "digits missing in \\x{} or \\o{} or \\N{U+}\0"
"syntax error or number too big in (?(VERSION condition\0"
/* 80 */
"internal error: unknown opcode in auto_possessify()\0"
@@ -179,6 +179,7 @@ static const unsigned char compile_error_texts[] =
"internal error: bad code value in parsed_skip()\0"
"PCRE2_EXTRA_ALLOW_SURROGATE_ESCAPES is not allowed in UTF-16 mode\0"
"invalid option bits with PCRE2_LITERAL\0"
+ "\\N{U+dddd} is not supported in EBCDIC mode\0"
;
/* Match-time and UTF error texts are in the same format. */
diff --git a/testdata/testinput4 b/testdata/testinput4
index 7598f22..04469a8 100644
--- a/testdata/testinput4
+++ b/testdata/testinput4
@@ -2287,5 +2287,11 @@
\x{123}\x{122}\x{123}
\= Expect no match
\x{123}\x{124}\x{123}
+
+/\N{U+1234}/utf
+ \x{1234}
+
+/[\N{U+1234}]/utf
+ \x{1234}
# End of testinput4
diff --git a/testdata/testinput5 b/testdata/testinput5
index 90749e8..070a2a5 100644
--- a/testdata/testinput5
+++ b/testdata/testinput5
@@ -2087,4 +2087,8 @@
\x{655}
\x{1D1AA}
+/\N{U+}/
+
+/\N{U}/
+
# End of testinput5
diff --git a/testdata/testoutput2 b/testdata/testoutput2
index a041ccf..aff68a2 100644
--- a/testdata/testoutput2
+++ b/testdata/testoutput2
@@ -13194,7 +13194,7 @@ Failed: error 167 at offset 5: non-hex character in \x{} (closing brace missing?
Failed: error 167 at offset 7: non-hex character in \x{} (closing brace missing?)
/^A\x{/
-Failed: error 178 at offset 5: digits missing in \x{} or \o{}
+Failed: error 178 at offset 5: digits missing in \x{} or \o{} or \N{U+}
/[ab]++/B,no_auto_possess
------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -13408,7 +13408,7 @@ Failed: error 133 at offset 7: parentheses are too deeply nested (stack check)
Failed: error 155 at offset 2: missing opening brace after \o
/\o{}/
-Failed: error 178 at offset 3: digits missing in \x{} or \o{}
+Failed: error 178 at offset 3: digits missing in \x{} or \o{} or \N{U+}
/\o{whatever}/
Failed: error 164 at offset 3: non-octal character in \o{} (closing brace missing?)
@@ -13416,7 +13416,7 @@ Failed: error 164 at offset 3: non-octal character in \o{} (closing brace missin
/\xthing/
/\x{}/
-Failed: error 178 at offset 3: digits missing in \x{} or \o{}
+Failed: error 178 at offset 3: digits missing in \x{} or \o{} or \N{U+}
/\x{whatever}/
Failed: error 167 at offset 3: non-hex character in \x{} (closing brace missing?)
diff --git a/testdata/testoutput4 b/testdata/testoutput4
index 311a5cd..3159378 100644
--- a/testdata/testoutput4
+++ b/testdata/testoutput4
@@ -3703,5 +3703,13 @@ No match
\= Expect no match
\x{123}\x{124}\x{123}
No match
+
+/\N{U+1234}/utf
+ \x{1234}
+ 0: \x{1234}
+
+/[\N{U+1234}]/utf
+ \x{1234}
+ 0: \x{1234}
# End of testinput4
diff --git a/testdata/testoutput5 b/testdata/testoutput5
index 43f9c57..28f2bef 100644
--- a/testdata/testoutput5
+++ b/testdata/testoutput5
@@ -4750,4 +4750,10 @@ No match
\x{1D1AA}
0: \x{1d1aa}
+/\N{U+}/
+Failed: error 178 at offset 5: digits missing in \x{} or \o{} or \N{U+}
+
+/\N{U}/
+Failed: error 137 at offset 2: PCRE does not support \L, \l, \N{name}, \U, or \u
+
# End of testinput5
diff --git a/testdata/testoutputEBC b/testdata/testoutputEBC
index 03e179a..4edc8f9 100644
--- a/testdata/testoutputEBC
+++ b/testdata/testoutputEBC
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+PCRE2 version 10.32-RC1 2018-02-19
# This is a specialized test for checking, when PCRE2 is compiled with the
# EBCDIC option but in an ASCII environment, that newline, white space, and \c
# functionality is working. It catches cases where explicit values such as 0x0a
@@ -200,6 +201,6 @@ No match
0: \xff
/\ƒ&/
-Failed: error 168 at offset 2: \c\x20must\x20be\x20followed\x20by\x20a\x20letter\x20or\x20one\x20of\x20[\]^_\x3f
+Failed: error 168 at offset 3: \c\x20must\x20be\x20followed\x20by\x20a\x20letter\x20or\x20one\x20of\x20[\]^_\x3f
# End