MAINTENANCE README FOR PCRE2 ============================ The files in the "maint" directory of the PCRE2 source contain data, scripts, and programs that are used for the maintenance of PCRE2, but which do not form part of the PCRE2 distribution tarballs. This document describes these files and also contains some notes for maintainers. Its contents are: Files in the maint directory Updating to a new Unicode release Preparing for a PCRE2 release Making a PCRE2 release Long-term ideas (wish list) Files in the maint directory ============================ GenerateUtt.py A Python script to generate part of the pcre2_tables.c file that contains Unicode script names in a long string with offsets, which is tedious to maintain by hand. ManyConfigTests A shell script that runs "configure, make, test" a number of times with different configuration settings. MultiStage2.py A Python script that generates the file pcre2_ucd.c from three Unicode data tables, which are themselves downloaded from the Unicode web site. Run this script in the "maint" directory. The generated file contains the tables for a 2-stage lookup of Unicode properties. pcre2_chartables.c.non-standard This is a set of character tables that came from a Windows system. It has characters greater than 128 that are set as spaces, amongst other things. I kept it so that it can be used for testing from time to time. README This file. Unicode.tables The files in this directory (CaseFolding.txt, DerivedGeneralCategory.txt, GraphemeBreakProperty.txt, Scripts.txt and UnicodeData.txt) were downloaded from the Unicode web site. They contain information about Unicode characters and scripts. ucptest.c A short C program for testing the Unicode property macros that do lookups in the pcre2_ucd.c data, mainly useful after rebuilding the Unicode property table. Compile and run this in the "maint" directory (see comments at its head). ucptestdata A directory containing two files, testinput1 and testoutput1, to use in conjunction with the ucptest program. utf8.c A short, freestanding C program for converting a Unicode code point into a sequence of bytes in the UTF-8 encoding, and vice versa. If its argument is a hex number such as 0x1234, it outputs a list of the equivalent UTF-8 bytes. If its argument is sequence of concatenated UTF-8 bytes (e.g. e188b4) it treats them as a UTF-8 character and outputs the equivalent code point in hex. Updating to a new Unicode release ================================= When there is a new release of Unicode, the files in Unicode.tables must be refreshed from the web site. If the new version of Unicode adds new character scripts, the source file pcre2_ucp.h and both the MultiStage2.py and the GenerateUtt.py scripts must be edited to add the new names. Then MultiStage2.py can be run to generate a new version of pcre2_ucd.c, and GenerateUtt.py can be run to generate the tricky tables for inclusion in pcre2_tables.c. If MultiStage2.py gives the error "ValueError: list.index(x): x not in list", the cause is usually a missing (or misspelt) name in the list of scripts. I couldn't find a straightforward list of scripts on the Unicode site, but there's a useful Wikipedia page that lists them, and notes the Unicode version in which they were introduced: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode_scripts#Table_of_Unicode_scripts The ucptest program can be compiled and used to check that the new tables in pcre2_ucd.c work properly, using the data files in ucptestdata to check a number of test characters. The source file ucptest.c must be updated whenever new Unicode script names are added. Note also that both the pcre2syntax.3 and pcre2pattern.3 man pages contain lists of Unicode script names. Preparing for a PCRE2 release ============================= This section contains a checklist of things that I consult before building a distribution for a new release. . Ensure that the version number and version date are correct in configure.ac. . Update the library version numbers in configure.ac according to the rules given below. . If new build options or new source files have been added, ensure that they are added to the CMake files as well as to the autoconf files. The relevant files are CMakeLists.txt and config-cmake.h.in. After making a release tarball, test it out with CMake if there have been changes here. . Run ./autogen.sh to ensure everything is up-to-date. . Compile and test with many different config options, and combinations of options. Also, test with valgrind by running "RunTest valgrind" and "RunGrepTest valgrind" (which takes quite a long time). The script maint/ManyConfigTests now encapsulates this testing. It runs tests with different configurations, and it also runs some of them with valgrind, all of which can take quite some time. . Run tests in both 32-bit and 64-bit environments if possible. . Run tests with two different compilers if possible (e.g. clang and gcc). . Do a test build using CMake. . Run perltest.sh on the test data for tests 1 and 4. The output should match the PCRE2 test output, apart from the version identification at the start of each test. The other tests are not Perl-compatible (they use various PCRE2-specific features or options). . It is possible to test with the emulated memmove() function by undefining HAVE_MEMMOVE and HAVE_BCOPY in config.h, though I do not do this often. You may see a number of "pcre2_memmove defined but not used" warnings for the modules in which there is no call to memmove(). These can be ignored. . Documentation: check AUTHORS, ChangeLog (check version and date), LICENCE, NEWS (check version and date), NON-AUTOTOOLS-BUILD, and README. Many of these won't need changing, but over the long term things do change. . I used to test new releases myself on a number of different operating systems. For example, on Solaris it is helpful to test using Sun's cc compiler as a change from gcc. Adding -xarch=v9 to the cc options does a 64-bit test, but it also needs -S 64 for pcre2test to increase the stack size for test 2. Since I retired I can no longer do this, but instead I rely on putting out release candidates for folks on the pcre-dev list to test. . The buildbots at http://buildfarm.opencsw.org/ do some automated testing of PCRE2 and should be checked before putting out a release. Updating version info for libtool ================================= This set of rules for updating library version information came from a web page whose URL I have forgotten. The version information consists of three parts: (current, revision, age). 1. Start with version information of 0:0:0 for each libtool library. 2. Update the version information only immediately before a public release of your software. More frequent updates are unnecessary, and only guarantee that the current interface number gets larger faster. 3. If the library source code has changed at all since the last update, then increment revision; c:r:a becomes c:r+1:a. 4. If any interfaces have been added, removed, or changed since the last update, increment current, and set revision to 0. 5. If any interfaces have been added since the last public release, then increment age. 6. If any interfaces have been removed or changed since the last public release, then set age to 0. The following explanation may help in understanding the above rules a bit better. Consider that there are three possible kinds of reaction from users to changes in a shared library: 1. Programs using the previous version may use the new version as a drop-in replacement, and programs using the new version can also work with the previous one. In other words, no recompiling nor relinking is needed. In this case, increment revision only, don't touch current or age. 2. Programs using the previous version may use the new version as a drop-in replacement, but programs using the new version may use APIs not present in the previous one. In other words, a program linking against the new version may fail if linked against the old version at run time. In this case, set revision to 0, increment current and age. 3. Programs may need to be changed, recompiled, relinked in order to use the new version. Increment current, set revision and age to 0. Making a PCRE2 release ====================== Run PrepareRelease and commit the files that it changes (by removing trailing spaces). The first thing this script does is to run CheckMan on the man pages; if it finds any markup errors, it reports them and then aborts. Once PrepareRelease has run clean, run "make distcheck" to create the tarballs and the zipball. Double-check with "svn status", then create an SVN tagged copy: svn copy svn://vcs.exim.org/pcre2/code/trunk \ svn://vcs.exim.org/pcre2/code/tags/pcre2-10.xx When the new release is out, don't forget to tell webmaster@pcre.org and the mailing list. Also, update the list of version numbers in Bugzilla (administration > products > PCRE > Edit versions). Future ideas (wish list) ======================== This section records a list of ideas so that they do not get forgotten. They vary enormously in their usefulness and potential for implementation. Some are very sensible; some are rather wacky. Some have been on this list for years. . Optimization There are always ideas for new optimizations so as to speed up pattern matching. Most of them try to save work by recognizing a non-match without having to scan all the possibilities. These are some that I've recorded: * /((A{0,5}){0,5}){0,5}(something complex)/ on a non-matching string is very slow, though Perl is fast. Can we speed up somehow? Convert to {0,125}? OTOH, this is pathological - the user could easily fix it. * Turn ={4} into ==== ? (for speed). I once did an experiment, and it seems to have little effect, and maybe makes things worse. * "Ends with literal string" - note that a single character doesn't gain much over the existing "required code unit" feature that just remembers one code unit. * Remember an initial string rather than just 1 code unit. * A required code unit from alternatives - not just the last unit, but an earlier one if common to all alternatives. * Friedl contains other ideas. * The code does not set initial code unit flags for Unicode property types such as \p; I don't know how much benefit there would be for, for example, setting the bits for 0-9 and all values >= xC0 (in 8-bit mode) when a pattern starts with \p{N}. . If Perl gets to a consistent state over the settings of capturing sub- patterns inside repeats, see if we can match it. One example of the difference is the matching of /(main(O)?)+/ against mainOmain, where PCRE2 leaves $2 set. In Perl, it's unset. Changing this in PCRE2 will be very hard because I think it needs much more state to be remembered. . Perl 6 will be a revolution. Is it a revolution too far for PCRE? . An option to use NUL as a line terminator in subject strings. This could be done relatively easily. If it is done, a suitable option for pcre2grep is also required. . Catch SIGSEGV for stack overflows? . A feature to suspend a match via a callout was once requested. . An option to convert results into character offsets and character lengths. . An option for pcre2grep to scan only the start of a file. I am not keen - this is the job of "head". . A (non-Unix) user wanted pcregrep options to (a) list a file name just once, preceded by a blank line, instead of adding it to every matched line, and (b) support --outputfile=name. . Define a union for the results from pcre2_pattern_info(). . Provide a "random access to the subject" facility so that the way in which it is stored is independent of PCRE2. For efficiency, it probably isn't possible to switch this dynamically. It would have to be specified when PCRE2 was compiled. PCRE2 would then call a function every time it wanted a character. . pcre2grep: add -rs for a sorted recurse? Having to store file names and sort them will of course slow it down. . Someone suggested --disable-callout to save code space when callouts are never wanted. This seems rather marginal. . A user suggested a parameter to limit the length of string matched, for example if the parameter is N, the current match should fail if the matched substring exceeds N. This could apply to both match functions. The value could be a new field in the match context. Compare the offset_limit feature, which limits where a match must start. . Write a function that generates random matching strings for a compiled pattern. . Pcre2grep: an option to specify the output line separator, either as a string or select from a fixed list. This is not straightforward, because at the moment it outputs whatever is in the input file. . Improve the code for duplicate checking in pcre2_dfa_match(). An incomplete, non-thread-safe patch showed that this can help performance for patterns where there are many alternatives. However, a simple thread-safe implementation that I tried made things worse in many simple cases, so this is not an obviously good thing. . PCRE2 cannot at present distinguish between subpatterns with different names, but the same number (created by the use of ?|). In order to do so, a way of remembering *which* subpattern numbered n matched is needed. Bugzilla #760. (*MARK) can perhaps be used as a way round this problem. . Instead of having #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H in each module, put #include "something" and the the #ifdef appears only in one place, in "something". . Implement something like (?(R2+)... to check outer recursions. . If Perl ever supports the POSIX notation [[.something.]] PCRE2 should try to follow. . Bugzilla #554 requested support for invalid UTF-8 strings. . A user wanted a way of ignoring all Unicode "mark" characters so that, for example "a" followed by an accent would, together, match "a". . Perl supports [\N{x}-\N{y}] as a Unicode range, even in EBCDIC. . Unicode stuff from Perl: \b{gcb} or \b{g} grapheme cluster boundary \b{sb} sentence boundary \b{wb} word boundary See Unicode TR 29. . (?[...]) extended classes: big project. . Bugzilla #1694 requests backwards searching. . A callout from pcre2_substitute() that happens after (before?) each substitution (value = 256?). . Allow a callout to specify a number of characters to skip. This can be done compatibly via an extra callout field. . Allow callouts to return *PRUNE, *COMMIT, *THEN, *SKIP, with and without continuing (that is, with and without an implied *FAIL). A new option, PCRE2_CALLOUT_EXTENDED say, would be needed. This is unlikely ever to be implemented by JIT, so this could be an option for pcre2_match(). . A limit on substitutions: a user suggested somehow finding a way of making match_limit apply to the whole operation instead of each match separately. . The (relatively new) initial pre-pass in pcre2_compile() that identifies all captures could be upgraded to do more parsing, saving the results in a new vector (on-stack if the pattern is small enough). All comment removal and escape processing could be done at this stage (so only done once). The code for the other two passes would then be simpler. Philip Hazel Email local part: ph10 Email domain: cam.ac.uk Last updated: 15 December 2015