cppcheck/lib/checkother.cpp

/*
 * Cppcheck - A tool for static C/C++ code analysis
 * Copyright (C) 2007-2010 Daniel Marjamäki and Cppcheck team.
 *
 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */


//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include "checkother.h"
#include "mathlib.h"
#include "tokenize.h"
#include "executionpath.h"

#include <algorithm>
#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <sstream>
#include <cstring>
#include <cctype>
#include <memory>
#include <cmath> // fabs()
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Register this check class (by creating a static instance of it)
namespace
{
CheckOther instance;
}

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------



void CheckOther::warningOldStylePointerCast()
{
    if (!_settings->_checkCodingStyle ||
        (_tokenizer->tokens() && _tokenizer->fileLine(_tokenizer->tokens()).find(".cpp") == std::string::npos))
        return;

    for (const Token *tok = _tokenizer->tokens(); tok; tok = tok->next())
    {
        // Old style pointer casting..
        if (!Token::Match(tok, "( const| %type% * ) %var%") &&
            !Token::Match(tok, "( const| %type% * ) (| new"))
            continue;

        int addToIndex = 0;
        if (tok->tokAt(1)->str() == "const")
            addToIndex = 1;

        if (tok->tokAt(4 + addToIndex)->str() == "const")
            continue;

        // Is "type" a class?
        const std::string pattern("class " + tok->tokAt(1 + addToIndex)->str());
        if (!Token::findmatch(_tokenizer->tokens(), pattern.c_str()))
            continue;

        cstyleCastError(tok);
    }
}




//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Redundant code..
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------

void CheckOther::warningRedundantCode()
{
    if (!_settings->_checkCodingStyle)
        return;

    // if (p) delete p
    for (const Token *tok = _tokenizer->tokens(); tok; tok = tok->next())
    {
        if (! Token::simpleMatch(tok, "if ("))
            continue;

        const Token *tok2 = tok->tokAt(2);

        /*
         * Possible if-constructions:
         *
         *   if (var)
         *   if (this->var)
         *   if (Foo::var)
         *
         **/
        std::string varname = concatNames(&tok2);

        if (!Token::Match(tok2, "%var% ) {"))
            continue;

        tok2 = tok2->tokAt(3);

        /*
         * Possible constructions:
         *
         * - delete %var%
         * - delete [] %var%
         * - free ( %var )
         * - kfree ( %var% )
         *
         * Where %var% may be:
         * - just variable name (var)
         * - class member (this->var)
         * - static member (Class::var)
         *
         **/

        bool funcHasBracket = false;
        if (Token::Match(tok2, "free|kfree ("))
        {
            tok2 = tok2->tokAt(2);
            funcHasBracket = true;

        }
        else if (tok2->str() == "delete")
        {

            tok2 = tok2->next();

            if (Token::simpleMatch(tok2, "[ ]"))
            {
                tok2 = tok2->tokAt(2);
            }
        }

        std::string varname2 = concatNames(&tok2);

        if (Token::Match(tok2, "%var%") && varname == varname2)
            tok2 = tok2->next();
        else
            continue;

        if (funcHasBracket)
        {
            if (tok2->str() != ")")
            {
                continue;
            }
            else
            {
                tok2 = tok2->next();
            }
        }

        /*
         * Possible constructions:
         *
         * - if (%var%) { delete %var%; }
         * - if (%var%) { delete %var%; %var% = 0; }
         *
         **/
        if (Token::Match(tok2, "; } !!else"))
        {
            redundantIfDelete0Error(tok);
        }
        else if (Token::Match(tok2, "; %var%"))
        {
            tok2 = tok2->next();
            std::string varname3 = concatNames(&tok2);
            if (Token::Match(tok2, "%var% = 0 ; } !!else") && varname2 == varname3)
            {
                redundantIfDelete0Error(tok);
            }
        }
    }



    // Redundant condition
    // if (haystack.find(needle) != haystack.end())
    //    haystack.remove(needle);
    redundantCondition2();
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------

void CheckOther::redundantCondition2()
{
    const char pattern[] = "if ( %var% . find ( %any% ) != %var% . end ( ) ) "
                           "{|{|"
                           "    %var% . remove ( %any% ) ; "
                           "}|}|";
    const Token *tok = Token::findmatch(_tokenizer->tokens(), pattern);
    while (tok)
    {
        bool b(tok->tokAt(15)->str() == "{");

        // Get tokens for the fields %var% and %any%
        const Token *var1 = tok->tokAt(2);
        const Token *any1 = tok->tokAt(6);
        const Token *var2 = tok->tokAt(9);
        const Token *var3 = tok->tokAt(b ? 16 : 15);
        const Token *any2 = tok->tokAt(b ? 20 : 19);

        // Check if all the "%var%" fields are the same and if all the "%any%" are the same..
        if (var1->str() == var2->str() &&
            var2->str() == var3->str() &&
            any1->str() == any2->str())
        {
            redundantIfRemoveError(tok);
        }

        tok = Token::findmatch(tok->next(), pattern);
    }
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// "if (strlen(s))" can be rewritten as "if (*s != '\0')"
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CheckOther::checkEmptyStringTest()
{
    if (!_settings->_checkCodingStyle)
        return;

    for (const Token *tok = _tokenizer->tokens(); tok; tok = tok->next())
    {
        // Non-empty string tests
        if (Token::Match(tok, "if ( strlen ( %any% ) )"))
        {
            emptyStringTestError(tok, tok->strAt(4), false);
        }
        else if (Token::Match(tok, "strlen ( %any% ) !=|> 0"))
        {
            emptyStringTestError(tok, tok->strAt(2), false);
        }
        else if (Token::Match(tok, "0 < strlen ( %any% )"))
        {
            emptyStringTestError(tok, tok->strAt(4), false);
        }

        // Empty string tests
        else if (Token::Match(tok, "! strlen ( %any% )"))
        {
            emptyStringTestError(tok, tok->strAt(3), true);
        }
        else if (Token::Match(tok, "strlen ( %any% ) == 0"))
        {
            emptyStringTestError(tok, tok->strAt(2), true);
        }
    }
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// fflush(stdin) <- fflush only applies to output streams in ANSI C
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CheckOther::checkFflushOnInputStream()
{
    const Token *tok = _tokenizer->tokens();
    while (tok && ((tok = Token::findmatch(tok, "fflush ( stdin )")) != NULL))
    {
        fflushOnInputStreamError(tok, tok->strAt(2));
        tok = tok->tokAt(4);
    }
}

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//    switch (x)
//    {
//        case 2:
//            y = a;        // <- this assignment is redundant
//        case 3:
//            y = b;        // <- case 2 falls through and sets y twice
//    }
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CheckOther::checkRedundantAssignmentInSwitch()
{
    const char switchPattern[] = "switch ( %any% ) { case";
    const char breakPattern[] = "break|return|exit|goto";
    const char functionPattern[] = "%var% (";

    // Find the beginning of a switch. E.g.:
    //   switch (var) { ...
    const Token *tok = Token::findmatch(_tokenizer->tokens(), switchPattern);
    while (tok)
    {

        // Check the contents of the switch statement
        std::map<unsigned int, const Token*> varsAssigned;
        int indentLevel = 0;
        for (const Token *tok2 = tok->tokAt(5); tok2; tok2 = tok2->next())
        {
            if (tok2->str() == "{")
            {
                // Inside a conditional or loop. Don't mark variable accesses as being redundant. E.g.:
                //   case 3: b = 1;
                //   case 4: if (a) { b = 2; }    // Doesn't make the b=1 redundant because it's conditional
                if (Token::Match(tok2->previous(), ")|else {") && tok2->link())
                {
                    const Token* endOfConditional = tok2->link();
                    for (const Token* tok3 = tok2; tok3 != endOfConditional; tok3 = tok3->next())
                    {
                        if (tok3->varId() != 0)
                            varsAssigned.erase(tok3->varId());
                        else if (Token::Match(tok3, functionPattern) || Token::Match(tok3, breakPattern))
                            varsAssigned.clear();
                    }
                    tok2 = endOfConditional;
                }
                else
                    ++ indentLevel;
            }
            else if (tok2->str() == "}")
            {
                -- indentLevel;

                // End of the switch block
                if (indentLevel < 0)
                    break;
            }

            // Variable assignment. Report an error if it's assigned to twice before a break. E.g.:
            //    case 3: b = 1;    // <== redundant
            //    case 4: b = 2;
            if (Token::Match(tok2->previous(), ";|{|}|: %var% = %any% ;") && tok2->varId() != 0)
            {
                std::map<unsigned int, const Token*>::iterator i = varsAssigned.find(tok2->varId());
                if (i == varsAssigned.end())
                    varsAssigned[tok2->varId()] = tok2;
                else
                    redundantAssignmentInSwitchError(i->second, i->second->str());
            }
            // Not a simple assignment so there may be good reason if this variable is assigned to twice. E.g.:
            //    case 3: b = 1;
            //    case 4: b++;
            else if (tok2->varId() != 0)
                varsAssigned.erase(tok2->varId());

            // Reset our record of assignments if there is a break or function call. E.g.:
            //    case 3: b = 1; break;
            if (Token::Match(tok2, functionPattern) || Token::Match(tok2, breakPattern))
                varsAssigned.clear();

        }

        tok = Token::findmatch(tok->next(), switchPattern);
    }
}

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// strtol(str, 0, radix)  <- radix must be 0 or 2-36
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------

void CheckOther::invalidFunctionUsage()
{
    // strtol and strtoul..
    for (const Token *tok = _tokenizer->tokens(); tok; tok = tok->next())
    {
        if ((tok->str() != "strtol") && (tok->str() != "strtoul"))
            continue;

        // Locate the third parameter of the function call..
        int parlevel = 0;
        int param = 1;
        for (const Token *tok2 = tok->next(); tok2; tok2 = tok2->next())
        {
            if (tok2->str() == "(")
                ++parlevel;
            else if (tok2->str() == ")")
                --parlevel;
            else if (parlevel == 1 && tok2->str() == ",")
            {
                ++param;
                if (param == 3)
                {
                    if (Token::Match(tok2, ", %num% )"))
                    {
                        int radix = MathLib::toLongNumber(tok2->next()->str());
                        if (!(radix == 0 || (radix >= 2 && radix <= 36)))
                        {
                            dangerousUsageStrtolError(tok2);
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // sprintf|snprintf overlapping data
    for (const Token *tok = _tokenizer->tokens(); tok; tok = tok->next())
    {
        // Get variable id of target buffer..
        unsigned int varid = 0;

        if (Token::Match(tok, "sprintf|snprintf ( %var% ,"))
            varid = tok->tokAt(2)->varId();

        else if (Token::Match(tok, "sprintf|snprintf ( %var% . %var% ,"))
            varid = tok->tokAt(4)->varId();

        if (varid == 0)
            continue;

        // goto ","
        const Token *tok2 = tok->tokAt(3);
        while (tok2 && tok2->str() != ",")
            tok2 = tok2->next();

        // is any source buffer overlapping the target buffer?
        int parlevel = 0;
        while ((tok2 = tok2->next()) != NULL)
        {
            if (tok2->str() == "(")
                ++parlevel;
            else if (tok2->str() == ")")
            {
                --parlevel;
                if (parlevel < 0)
                    break;
            }
            else if (parlevel == 0 && Token::Match(tok2, ", %varid% [,)]", varid))
            {
                sprintfOverlappingDataError(tok2->next(), tok2->next()->str());
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------


//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Check for unsigned divisions
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------

void CheckOther::checkUnsignedDivision()
{
    if (!_settings->_checkCodingStyle)
        return;

    // Check for "ivar / uvar" and "uvar / ivar"
    std::map<unsigned int, char> varsign;
    for (const Token *tok = _tokenizer->tokens(); tok; tok = tok->next())
    {
        if (Token::Match(tok, "[{};(,] %type% %var% [;=,)]"))
        {
            if (tok->tokAt(1)->isUnsigned())
                varsign[tok->tokAt(2)->varId()] = 'u';
            else
                varsign[tok->tokAt(2)->varId()] = 's';
        }

        else if (!Token::Match(tok, "[).]") && Token::Match(tok->next(), "%var% / %num%"))
        {
            if (tok->strAt(3)[0] == '-')
            {
                char sign1 = varsign[tok->tokAt(1)->varId()];
                if (sign1 == 'u')
                {
                    udivError(tok->next());
                }
            }
        }

        else if (Token::Match(tok, "[([=*/+-,] %num% / %var%"))
        {
            if (tok->strAt(1)[0] == '-')
            {
                char sign2 = varsign[tok->tokAt(3)->varId()];
                if (sign2 == 'u')
                {
                    udivError(tok->next());
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------



//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Usage of function variables
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------

static bool isOp(const Token *tok)
{
    return bool(tok &&
                (tok->str() == "&&" ||
                 tok->str() == "||" ||
                 tok->str() == "==" ||
                 tok->str() == "!=" ||
                 tok->str() == "<" ||
                 tok->str() == "<=" ||
                 tok->str() == ">" ||
                 tok->str() == ">=" ||
                 tok->str() == "<<" ||
                 Token::Match(tok, "[+-*/%&!~|^,[])?:]")));
}

/**
 * @brief This class is used to capture the control flow within a function.
 */
class Scope
{
public:
    Scope() : _token(NULL), _parent(NULL) { }
    Scope(const Token *token, Scope *parent_) : _token(token), _parent(parent_) { }
    ~Scope();

    Scope *parent()
    {
        return _parent;
    }
    Scope *addChild(const Token *token);
    void remove(Scope *scope);

private:
    const Token *_token;
    Scope *_parent;
    std::list<Scope *> _children;
};

Scope::~Scope()
{
    while (!_children.empty())
    {
        delete *_children.begin();
        _children.pop_front();
    }
}

Scope *Scope::addChild(const Token *token)
{
    Scope *temp = new Scope(token, this);

    _children.push_back(temp);

    return temp;
}

void Scope::remove(Scope *scope)
{
    std::list<Scope *>::iterator it;

    for (it = _children.begin(); it != _children.end(); ++it)
    {
        if (*it == scope)
        {
            delete *it;
            _children.erase(it);
            break;
        }
    }
}

/**
 * @brief This class is used create a list of variables within a function.
 */
class Variables
{
public:
    enum VariableType { standard, array, pointer, reference, pointerArray, referenceArray, pointerPointer };

    /** Store information about variable usage */
    class VariableUsage
    {
    public:
        VariableUsage(const Token *name = 0,
                      VariableType type = standard,
                      Scope *scope = NULL,
                      bool read = false,
                      bool write = false,
                      bool modified = false) :
            _name(name),
            _type(type),
            _scope(scope),
            _read(read),
            _write(write),
            _modified(modified)
        {
        }

        /** variable is used.. set both read+write */
        void use()
        {
            _read = true;
            _write = true;
        }

        /** is variable unused? */
        bool unused() const
        {
            return (_read == false && _write == false);
        }

        const Token *_name;
        VariableType _type;
        Scope *_scope;
        bool _read;
        bool _write;
        bool _modified; // read/modify/write
        std::set<unsigned int> _aliases;
        std::set<Scope *> _assignments;
    };

    typedef std::map<unsigned int, VariableUsage> VariableMap;

    void clear()
    {
        _varUsage.clear();
    }
    VariableMap &varUsage()
    {
        return _varUsage;
    }
    void addVar(const Token *name, VariableType type, Scope *scope, bool write_);
    void read(unsigned int varid);
    void readAliases(unsigned int varid);
    void readAll(unsigned int varid);
    void write(unsigned int varid);
    void writeAliases(unsigned int varid);
    void writeAll(unsigned int varid);
    void use(unsigned int varid);
    void modified(unsigned int varid);
    VariableUsage *find(unsigned int varid);
    void alias(unsigned int varid1, unsigned int varid2, bool replace);
    void erase(unsigned int varid)
    {
        _varUsage.erase(varid);
    }
    void eraseAliases(unsigned int varid);
    void eraseAll(unsigned int varid);
    void clearAliases(unsigned int varid);

private:
    VariableMap _varUsage;
};

/**
 * Alias the 2 given variables. Either replace the existing aliases if
 * they exist or merge them.  You would replace an existing alias when this
 * assignment is in the same scope as the previous assignment.  You might
 * merge the aliases when this assignment is in a different scope from the
 * previous assignment depending on the relationship of the 2 scopes.
 */
void Variables::alias(unsigned int varid1, unsigned int varid2, bool replace)
{
    VariableUsage *var1 = find(varid1);
    VariableUsage *var2 = find(varid2);

    // alias to self
    if (varid1 == varid2)
    {
        if (var1)
            var1->use();
        return;
    }

    std::set<unsigned int>::iterator i;

    if (replace)
    {
        // remove var1 from all aliases
        for (i = var1->_aliases.begin(); i != var1->_aliases.end(); ++i)
        {
            VariableUsage *temp = find(*i);

            if (temp)
                temp->_aliases.erase(var1->_name->varId());
        }

        // remove all aliases from var1
        var1->_aliases.clear();
    }

    // var1 gets all var2s aliases
    for (i = var2->_aliases.begin(); i != var2->_aliases.end(); ++i)
    {
        if (*i != varid1)
            var1->_aliases.insert(*i);
    }

    // var2 is an alias of var1
    var2->_aliases.insert(varid1);
    var1->_aliases.insert(varid2);

    if (var2->_type == Variables::pointer)
        var2->_read = true;
}

void Variables::clearAliases(unsigned int varid)
{
    VariableUsage *usage = find(varid);

    if (usage)
    {
        // remove usage from all aliases
        std::set<unsigned int>::iterator i;

        for (i = usage->_aliases.begin(); i != usage->_aliases.end(); ++i)
        {
            VariableUsage *temp = find(*i);

            if (temp)
                temp->_aliases.erase(usage->_name->varId());
        }

        // remove all aliases from usage
        usage->_aliases.clear();
    }
}

void Variables::eraseAliases(unsigned int varid)
{
    VariableUsage *usage = find(varid);

    if (usage)
    {
        std::set<unsigned int>::iterator aliases;

        for (aliases = usage->_aliases.begin(); aliases != usage->_aliases.end(); ++aliases)
            erase(*aliases);
    }
}

void Variables::eraseAll(unsigned int varid)
{
    eraseAliases(varid);
    erase(varid);
}

void Variables::addVar(const Token *name,
                       VariableType type,
                       Scope *scope,
                       bool write_)
{
    if (name->varId() > 0)
        _varUsage.insert(std::make_pair(name->varId(), VariableUsage(name, type, scope, false, write_, false)));
}

void Variables::read(unsigned int varid)
{
    VariableUsage *usage = find(varid);

    if (usage)
        usage->_read = true;
}

void Variables::readAliases(unsigned int varid)
{
    VariableUsage *usage = find(varid);

    if (usage)
    {
        std::set<unsigned int>::iterator aliases;

        for (aliases = usage->_aliases.begin(); aliases != usage->_aliases.end(); ++aliases)
        {
            VariableUsage *aliased = find(*aliases);

            if (aliased)
                aliased->_read = true;
        }
    }
}

void Variables::readAll(unsigned int varid)
{
    VariableUsage *usage = find(varid);

    if (usage)
    {
        usage->_read = true;

        std::set<unsigned int>::iterator aliases;

        for (aliases = usage->_aliases.begin(); aliases != usage->_aliases.end(); ++aliases)
        {
            VariableUsage *aliased = find(*aliases);

            if (aliased)
                aliased->_read = true;
        }
    }
}

void Variables::write(unsigned int varid)
{
    VariableUsage *usage = find(varid);

    if (usage)
        usage->_write = true;
}

void Variables::writeAliases(unsigned int varid)
{
    VariableUsage *usage = find(varid);

    if (usage)
    {
        std::set<unsigned int>::iterator aliases;

        for (aliases = usage->_aliases.begin(); aliases != usage->_aliases.end(); ++aliases)
        {
            VariableUsage *aliased = find(*aliases);

            if (aliased)
                aliased->_write = true;
        }
    }
}

void Variables::writeAll(unsigned int varid)
{
    VariableUsage *usage = find(varid);

    if (usage)
    {
        usage->_write = true;

        std::set<unsigned int>::iterator aliases;

        for (aliases = usage->_aliases.begin(); aliases != usage->_aliases.end(); ++aliases)
        {
            VariableUsage *aliased = find(*aliases);

            if (aliased)
                aliased->_write = true;
        }
    }
}

void Variables::use(unsigned int varid)
{
    VariableUsage *usage = find(varid);

    if (usage)
    {
        usage->use();

        std::set<unsigned int>::iterator aliases;

        for (aliases = usage->_aliases.begin(); aliases != usage->_aliases.end(); ++aliases)
        {
            VariableUsage *aliased = find(*aliases);

            if (aliased)
                aliased->use();
        }
    }
}

void Variables::modified(unsigned int varid)
{
    VariableUsage *usage = find(varid);

    if (usage)
    {
        usage->_modified = true;

        std::set<unsigned int>::iterator aliases;

        for (aliases = usage->_aliases.begin(); aliases != usage->_aliases.end(); ++aliases)
        {
            VariableUsage *aliased = find(*aliases);

            if (aliased)
                aliased->_modified = true;
        }
    }
}

Variables::VariableUsage *Variables::find(unsigned int varid)
{
    if (varid)
    {
        VariableMap::iterator i = _varUsage.find(varid);
        if (i != _varUsage.end())
            return &i->second;
    }
    return 0;
}

static int doAssignment(Variables &variables, const Token *tok, bool dereference, Scope *scope)
{
    int next = 0;

    // check for aliased variable
    unsigned int varid1 = tok->varId();
    Variables::VariableUsage *var1 = variables.find(varid1);

    if (var1)
    {
        Variables::VariableUsage *var2 = 0;
        int start = 1;

        // search for '='
        while (tok->tokAt(start)->str() != "=")
            start++;

        start++;

        if (Token::Match(tok->tokAt(start), "&| %var%") ||
            Token::Match(tok->tokAt(start), "( const| struct|union| %type% *| ) &| %var%") ||
            Token::Match(tok->tokAt(start), "( const| struct|union| %type% *| ) ( &| %var%") ||
            Token::Match(tok->tokAt(start), "%any% < const| struct|union| %type% *| > ( &| %var%"))
        {
            unsigned int offset = 0;
            unsigned int varid2;
            bool addressOf = false;

            // check for C style cast
            if (tok->tokAt(start)->str() == "(")
            {
                if (tok->tokAt(start + 1)->str() == "const")
                    offset++;

                if (Token::Match(tok->tokAt(start + 1 + offset), "struct|union"))
                    offset++;

                if (tok->tokAt(start + 2 + offset)->str() == "*")
                    offset++;

                if (tok->tokAt(start + 3 + offset)->str() == "&")
                {
                    addressOf = true;
                    next = start + 4 + offset;
                }
                else if (tok->tokAt(start + 3 + offset)->str() == "(")
                {
                    if (tok->tokAt(start + 4 + offset)->str() == "&")
                    {
                        addressOf = true;
                        next = start + 5 + offset;
                    }
                    else
                        next = start + 4 + offset;
                }
                else
                    next = start + 3 + offset;
            }

            // check for C++ style cast
            else if (tok->tokAt(start)->str().find("cast") != std::string::npos &&
                     tok->tokAt(start + 1)->str() == "<")
            {
                if (tok->tokAt(start + 2)->str() == "const")
                    offset++;

                if (Token::Match(tok->tokAt(start + 2 + offset), "struct|union"))
                    offset++;

                if (tok->tokAt(start + 3 + offset)->str() == "*")
                    offset++;

                if (tok->tokAt(start + 5 + offset)->str() == "&")
                {
                    addressOf = true;
                    next = start + 6 + offset;
                }
                else
                    next = start + 5 + offset;
            }

            // check for var ? ...
            else if (Token::Match(tok->tokAt(start), "%var% ?"))
            {
                next = start;
            }

            // no cast
            else
            {
                if (tok->tokAt(start)->str() == "&")
                {
                    addressOf = true;
                    next = start + 1;
                }
                else if (tok->tokAt(start)->str() == "new")
                    return 0;
                else
                    next = start;
            }

            // check if variable is local
            varid2 = tok->tokAt(next)->varId();
            var2 = variables.find(varid2);

            if (var2) // local variable (alias or read it)
            {
                if (var1->_type == Variables::pointer)
                {
                    if (dereference)
                        variables.read(varid2);
                    else
                    {
                        if (addressOf ||
                            var2->_type == Variables::array ||
                            var2->_type == Variables::pointer)
                        {
                            bool    replace = true;

                            // check if variable declared in same scope
                            if (scope == var1->_scope)
                                replace = true;

                            // not in same scope as decelaration
                            else
                            {
                                std::set<Scope *>::iterator assignment;

                                // check for an assignment in this scope
                                assignment = var1->_assignments.find(scope);

                                // no other assignment in this scope
                                if (assignment == var1->_assignments.end())
                                {
                                    // nothing to replace
                                    if (var1->_assignments.empty())
                                        replace = false;

                                    // this variable has previous assignments
                                    else
                                    {
                                        /**
                                         * @todo determine if existing aliases should be replaced or merged
                                         */

                                        replace = false;
                                    }
                                }

                                // assignment in this scope
                                else
                                {
                                    // replace when only one other assingnment
                                    if (var1->_assignments.size() == 1)
                                        replace = true;

                                    // otherwise, merge them
                                    else
                                        replace = false;
                                }
                            }

                            variables.alias(varid1, varid2, replace);
                        }
                        else if (tok->tokAt(next + 1)->str() == "?")
                        {
                            if (var2->_type == Variables::reference)
                                variables.readAliases(varid2);
                            else
                                variables.read(varid2);
                        }
                    }
                }
                else if (var1->_type == Variables::reference)
                {
                    variables.alias(varid1, varid2, true);
                }
                else
                {
                    if (var2->_type == Variables::pointer && tok->tokAt(next + 1)->str() == "[")
                        variables.readAliases(varid2);

                    variables.read(varid2);
                }
            }
            else // not a local variable (or an unsupported local variable)
            {
                if (var1->_type == Variables::pointer && !dereference)
                {
                    // check if variable decelaration is in this scope
                    if (var1->_scope == scope)
                        variables.clearAliases(varid1);
                    else
                    {
                        std::set<Scope *>::iterator assignment;

                        // check for an assignment in this scope
                        assignment = var1->_assignments.find(scope);

                        // no other assignment in this scope
                        if (assignment == var1->_assignments.end())
                        {
                            /**
                             * @todo determine if existing aliases should be discarded
                             */
                        }

                        // this assignment replaces the last assignment in this scope
                        else
                        {
                            // aliased variables in a larger scope are not supported
                            // remove all aliases
                            variables.clearAliases(varid1);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        var1->_assignments.insert(scope);
    }

    // check for alias to struct member
    // char c[10]; a.b = c;
    else if (Token::Match(tok->tokAt(-2), "%var% ."))
    {
        if (Token::Match(tok->tokAt(2), "%var%"))
        {
            unsigned int varid2 = tok->tokAt(2)->varId();
            Variables::VariableUsage *var2 = variables.find(varid2);

            // struct member aliased to local variable
            if (var2 && (var2->_type == Variables::array ||
                         var2->_type == Variables::pointer))
            {
                // erase aliased variable and all variables that alias it
                // to prevent false positives
                variables.eraseAll(varid2);
            }
        }
    }

    return next;
}

static bool nextIsStandardType(const Token *tok)
{
    tok = tok->next();

    if (tok->str() == "static")
        tok = tok->next();

    return tok->isStandardType();
}

static bool nextIsStandardTypeOrVoid(const Token *tok)
{
    tok = tok->next();

    if (tok->str() == "static")
        tok = tok->next();

    if (tok->str() == "const")
        tok = tok->next();

    return tok->isStandardType() || tok->str() == "void";
}

void CheckOther::functionVariableUsage()
{
    if (!_settings->_checkCodingStyle)
        return;

    // Parse all executing scopes..
    for (const Token *token = Token::findmatch(_tokenizer->tokens(), ") const| {"); token;)
    {
        // goto "{"
        while (token->str() != "{")
            token = token->next();

        // First token for the current scope..
        const Token *const tok1 = token;

        // Find next scope that will be checked next time..
        token = Token::findmatch(token->link(), ") const| {");

        // varId, usage {read, write, modified}
        Variables variables;

        // scopes
        Scope scopes;
        Scope *scope = &scopes;

        unsigned int indentlevel = 0;
        for (const Token *tok = tok1; tok; tok = tok->next())
        {
            if (tok->str() == "{")
            {
                // replace the head node when found
                if (indentlevel == 0)
                    scopes = Scope(tok, NULL);
                // add the new scope
                else
                    scope = scope->addChild(tok);
                ++indentlevel;
            }
            else if (tok->str() == "}")
            {
                --indentlevel;

                scope = scope->parent();

                if (indentlevel == 0)
                    break;
            }
            else if (Token::Match(tok, "struct|union|class {") ||
                     Token::Match(tok, "struct|union|class %type% {|:"))
            {
                while (tok->str() != "{")
                    tok = tok->next();
                tok = tok->link();
                if (! tok)
                    break;
            }

            if (Token::Match(tok, "[;{}] asm ( ) ;"))
            {
                variables.clear();
                break;
            }

            // standard type declaration with possible initialization
            // int i; int j = 0; static int k;
            if (Token::Match(tok, "[;{}] static| %type% %var% ;|=") &&
                nextIsStandardType(tok))
            {
                tok = tok->next();

                if (tok->str() == "static")
                    tok = tok->next();

                variables.addVar(tok->next(), Variables::standard, scope,
                                 tok->tokAt(2)->str() == "=" ||
                                 tok->previous()->str() == "static");
                tok = tok->next();
            }

            // standard type declaration and initialization using constructor
            // int i(0); static int j(0);
            else if (Token::Match(tok, "[;{}] static| %type% %var% ( %any% ) ;") &&
                     nextIsStandardType(tok))
            {
                tok = tok->next();

                if (tok->str() == "static")
                    tok = tok->next();

                variables.addVar(tok->next(), Variables::standard, scope, true);

                // check if a local variable is used to initialize this variable
                if (tok->tokAt(3)->varId() > 0)
                    variables.readAll(tok->tokAt(3)->varId());
                tok = tok->tokAt(4);
            }

            // standard type declaration of array of with possible initialization
            // int i[10]; int j[2] = { 0, 1 }; static int k[2] = { 2, 3 };
            else if (Token::Match(tok, "[;{}] static| %type% %var% [ %any% ] ;|=") &&
                     nextIsStandardType(tok))
            {
                tok = tok->next();

                if (tok->str() == "static")
                    tok = tok->next();

                variables.addVar(tok->tokAt(1), Variables::array, scope,
                                 tok->tokAt(5)->str() == "=" || tok->str() == "static");

                // check for reading array size from local variable
                if (tok->tokAt(3)->varId() != 0)
                    variables.read(tok->tokAt(3)->varId());

                // look at initializers
                if (Token::Match(tok->tokAt(5), "= {"))
                {
                    tok = tok->tokAt(7);
                    while (tok->str() != "}")
                    {
                        if (Token::Match(tok, "%var%"))
                            variables.read(tok->varId());
                        tok = tok->next();
                    }
                }
                else
                    tok = tok->tokAt(4);
            }

            // pointer or reference declaration with possible initialization
            // int * i; int * j = 0; static int * k = 0;
            else if (Token::Match(tok, "[;{}] static| const| %type% *|& %var% ;|="))
            {
                bool isStatic = false;

                tok = tok->next();

                if (tok->str() == "static")
                {
                    tok = tok->next();
                    isStatic = true;
                }

                if (tok->str() == "const")
                    tok = tok->next();

                if (tok->str() != "return" && tok->str() != "throw")
                {
                    Variables::VariableType type;

                    if (tok->next()->str() == "*")
                        type = Variables::pointer;
                    else
                        type = Variables::reference;

                    bool written = tok->tokAt(3)->str() == "=";

                    variables.addVar(tok->tokAt(2), type, scope, written || isStatic);

                    int offset = 0;

                    // check for assignment
                    if (written)
                        offset = doAssignment(variables, tok->tokAt(2), false, scope);

                    tok = tok->tokAt(2 + offset);
                }
            }

            // pointer to pointer declaration with possible initialization
            // int ** i; int ** j = 0; static int ** k = 0;
            else if (Token::Match(tok, "[;{}] static| const| %type% * * %var% ;|="))
            {
                bool isStatic = false;

                tok = tok->next();

                if (tok->str() == "static")
                {
                    tok = tok->next();
                    isStatic = true;
                }

                if (tok->str() == "const")
                    tok = tok->next();

                if (tok->str() != "return")
                {
                    bool written = tok->tokAt(4)->str() == "=";

                    variables.addVar(tok->tokAt(3), Variables::pointerPointer, scope, written || isStatic);

                    int offset = 0;

                    // check for assignment
                    if (written)
                        offset = doAssignment(variables, tok->tokAt(3), false, scope);

                    tok = tok->tokAt(3 + offset);
                }
            }

            // pointer or reference of struct or union declaration with possible initialization
            // struct s * i; struct s * j = 0; static struct s * k = 0;
            else if (Token::Match(tok, "[;{}] static| const| struct|union %type% *|& %var% ;|="))
            {
                Variables::VariableType type;
                bool isStatic = false;

                tok = tok->next();

                if (tok->str() == "static")
                {
                    tok = tok->next();
                    isStatic = true;
                }

                if (tok->str() == "const")
                    tok = tok->next();

                if (tok->strAt(2) == "*")
                    type = Variables::pointer;
                else
                    type = Variables::reference;

                const bool written = tok->strAt(4) == "=";

                variables.addVar(tok->tokAt(3), type, scope, written || isStatic);

                int offset = 0;

                // check for assignment
                if (written)
                    offset = doAssignment(variables, tok->tokAt(3), false, scope);

                tok = tok->tokAt(3 + offset);
            }

            // pointer or reference declaration with initialization using constructor
            // int * i(j); int * k(i); static int * l(i);
            else if (Token::Match(tok, "[;{}] static| const| %type% &|* %var% ( %any% ) ;") &&
                     nextIsStandardTypeOrVoid(tok))
            {
                Variables::VariableType type;

                tok = tok->next();

                if (tok->str() == "static")
                    tok = tok->next();

                if (tok->str() == "const")
                    tok = tok->next();

                if (tok->next()->str() == "*")
                    type = Variables::pointer;
                else
                    type = Variables::reference;

                unsigned int varid = 0;

                // check for aliased variable
                if (Token::Match(tok->tokAt(4), "%var%"))
                    varid = tok->tokAt(4)->varId();

                variables.addVar(tok->tokAt(2), type, scope, true);

                // check if a local variable is used to initialize this variable
                if (varid > 0)
                {
                    Variables::VariableUsage	*var = variables.find(varid);

                    if (type == Variables::pointer)
                    {
                        variables.use(tok->tokAt(4)->varId());

                        if (var && (var->_type == Variables::array ||
                                    var->_type == Variables::pointer))
                            var->_aliases.insert(tok->varId());
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        variables.readAll(tok->tokAt(4)->varId());
                        if (var)
                            var->_aliases.insert(tok->varId());
                    }
                }
                tok = tok->tokAt(5);
            }

            // array of pointer or reference declaration with possible initialization
            // int * p[10]; int * q[10] = { 0 }; static int * * r[10] = { 0 };
            else if (Token::Match(tok, "[;{}] static| const| %type% *|& %var% [ %any% ] ;|="))
            {
                bool isStatic = false;

                tok = tok->next();

                if (tok->str() == "static")
                {
                    tok = tok->next();
                    isStatic = true;
                }

                if (tok->str() == "const")
                    tok = tok->next();

                if (tok->str() != "return")
                {
                    variables.addVar(tok->tokAt(2),
                                     tok->next()->str() == "*" ? Variables::pointerArray : Variables::referenceArray, scope,
                                     tok->tokAt(6)->str() == "=" || isStatic);

                    // check for reading array size from local variable
                    if (tok->tokAt(4)->varId() != 0)
                        variables.read(tok->tokAt(4)->varId());

                    tok = tok->tokAt(5);
                }
            }

            // array of pointer or reference of struct or union declaration with possible initialization
            // struct S * p[10]; struct T * q[10] = { 0 }; static struct S * r[10] = { 0 };
            else if (Token::Match(tok, "[;{}] static| const| struct|union %type% *|& %var% [ %any% ] ;|="))
            {
                bool isStatic = false;

                tok = tok->next();

                if (tok->str() == "static")
                {
                    tok = tok->next();
                    isStatic = true;
                }

                if (tok->str() == "const")
                    tok = tok->next();

                variables.addVar(tok->tokAt(3),
                                 tok->tokAt(2)->str() == "*" ? Variables::pointerArray : Variables::referenceArray, scope,
                                 tok->tokAt(7)->str() == "=" || isStatic);

                // check for reading array size from local variable
                if (tok->tokAt(5)->varId() != 0)
                    variables.read(tok->tokAt(5)->varId());

                tok = tok->tokAt(6);
            }

            else if (Token::Match(tok, "delete|return|throw %var%"))
                variables.readAll(tok->next()->varId());

            // assignment
            else if (Token::Match(tok, "*| (| ++|--| %var% ++|--| )| ="))
            {
                bool dereference = false;
                bool pre = false;
                bool post = false;

                if (tok->str() == "*")
                {
                    dereference = true;
                    tok = tok->next();
                }

                if (tok->str() == "(")
                    tok = tok->next();

                if (Token::Match(tok, "++|--"))
                {
                    pre = true;
                    tok = tok->next();
                }

                if (Token::Match(tok->next(), "++|--"))
                    post = true;

                unsigned int varid1 = tok->varId();
                const Token *start = tok;

                tok = tok->tokAt(doAssignment(variables, tok, dereference, scope));

                if (pre || post)
                    variables.use(varid1);

                if (dereference)
                {
                    variables.writeAliases(varid1);
                    variables.read(varid1);
                }
                else
                {
                    Variables::VariableUsage *var = variables.find(varid1);

                    if (var && var->_type == Variables::reference)
                    {
                        variables.writeAliases(varid1);
                        variables.read(varid1);
                    }
                    else
                        variables.write(varid1);
                }

                const Token *equal = tok->next();

                if (Token::Match(tok->next(), "[ %any% ]"))
                    equal = tok->tokAt(4);

                // checked for chained assignments
                if (tok != start && equal->str() == "=")
                {
                    Variables::VariableUsage *var = variables.find(tok->varId());

                    if (var && var->_type != Variables::reference)
                        var->_read = true;

                    tok = tok->previous();
                }
            }

            // assignment
            else if (Token::Match(tok, "%var% [") && Token::Match(tok->next()->link(), "] ="))
            {
                unsigned int varid = tok->varId();
                Variables::VariableUsage *var = variables.find(varid);

                if (var)
                {
                    if (var->_type == Variables::pointer)
                    {
                        variables.read(varid);
                        variables.writeAliases(varid);
                    }
                    else
                        variables.writeAll(varid);
                }
            }

            else if (Token::Match(tok, ">>|& %var%"))
                variables.use(tok->next()->varId());    // use = read + write

            // function parameter
            else if (Token::Match(tok, "[(,] %var% ["))
                variables.use(tok->next()->varId());   // use = read + write
            else if (Token::Match(tok, "[(,] %var% [,)]") && tok->previous()->str() != "*")
                variables.use(tok->next()->varId());   // use = read + write
            else if (Token::Match(tok, "[(,] (") &&
                     Token::Match(tok->next()->link(), ") %var% [,)]"))
                variables.use(tok->next()->link()->next()->varId());   // use = read + write

            // function
            else if (Token::Match(tok, " %var% ("))
                variables.read(tok->varId());

            else if (Token::Match(tok, " %var% ."))
                variables.use(tok->varId());   // use = read + write

            else if ((Token::Match(tok, "[(=&!]") || isOp(tok)) &&
                     (Token::Match(tok->next(), "%var%") && !Token::Match(tok->next(), "true|false|new")))
                variables.readAll(tok->next()->varId());

            else if (Token::Match(tok, "-=|+=|*=|/=|&=|^= %var%") || Token::Match(tok, "|= %var%"))
                variables.modified(tok->next()->varId());

            else if (Token::Match(tok, "%var%") && (tok->next()->str() == ")" || isOp(tok->next())))
                variables.readAll(tok->varId());

            else if (Token::Match(tok, "; %var% ;"))
                variables.readAll(tok->next()->varId());

            else if (Token::Match(tok, "++|-- %var%"))
                variables.modified(tok->next()->varId());

            else if (Token::Match(tok, "%var% ++|--"))
                variables.modified(tok->varId());
        }

        // Check usage of all variables in the current scope..
        Variables::VariableMap::const_iterator it;
        for (it = variables.varUsage().begin(); it != variables.varUsage().end(); ++it)
        {
            const Variables::VariableUsage &usage = it->second;
            const std::string &varname = usage._name->str();

            // variable has been marked as unused so ignore it
            if (usage._name->isUnused())
                continue;

            // skip things that are only partially implemented to prevent false positives
            if (usage._type == Variables::pointerPointer ||
                usage._type == Variables::pointerArray ||
                usage._type == Variables::referenceArray)
                continue;

            // variable has not been written, read, or modified
            if (usage.unused() && !usage._modified)
                unusedVariableError(usage._name, varname);

            // variable has not been written but has been modified
            else if (usage._modified & !usage._write)
                unassignedVariableError(usage._name, varname);

            // variable has been written but not read
            else if (!usage._read && !usage._modified)
                unreadVariableError(usage._name, varname);

            // variable has been read but not written
            else if (!usage._write)
                unassignedVariableError(usage._name, varname);
        }
    }
}

void CheckOther::unusedVariableError(const Token *tok, const std::string &varname)
{
    reportError(tok, Severity::style, "unusedVariable", "Unused variable: " + varname);
}

void CheckOther::unreadVariableError(const Token *tok, const std::string &varname)
{
    reportError(tok, Severity::style, "unreadVariable", "Variable '" + varname + "' is assigned a value that is never used");
}

void CheckOther::unassignedVariableError(const Token *tok, const std::string &varname)
{
    reportError(tok, Severity::style, "unassignedVariable", "Variable '" + varname + "' is not assigned a value");
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------





//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Check scope of variables..
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------

void CheckOther::checkVariableScope()
{
    if (!_settings->_checkCodingStyle)
        return;

    // Walk through all tokens..
    bool func = false;
    int indentlevel = 0;
    for (const Token *tok = _tokenizer->tokens(); tok; tok = tok->next())
    {
        // Skip class and struct declarations..
        if ((tok->str() == "class") || (tok->str() == "struct"))
        {
            for (const Token *tok2 = tok; tok2; tok2 = tok2->next())
            {
                if (tok2->str() == "{")
                {
                    tok = tok2->link();
                    break;
                }
                if (Token::Match(tok2, "[,);]"))
                {
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (! tok)
                break;
        }

        else if (tok->str() == "{")
        {
            ++indentlevel;
        }
        else if (tok->str() == "}")
        {
            --indentlevel;
            if (indentlevel == 0)
                func = false;
        }
        if (indentlevel == 0 && Token::simpleMatch(tok, ") {"))
        {
            func = true;
        }
        if (indentlevel > 0 && func && Token::Match(tok, "[{};]"))
        {
            // First token of statement..
            const Token *tok1 = tok->next();
            if (! tok1)
                continue;

            if ((tok1->str() == "return") ||
                (tok1->str() == "throw") ||
                (tok1->str() == "delete") ||
                (tok1->str() == "goto") ||
                (tok1->str() == "else"))
                continue;

            // Variable declaration?
            if (Token::Match(tok1, "%type% %var% ; %var% = %num% ;"))
            {
                // Tokenizer modify "int i = 0;" to "int i; i = 0;",
                // so to handle this situation we just skip
                // initialization (see ticket #272).
                const unsigned int firstVarId = tok1->next()->varId();
                const unsigned int secondVarId = tok1->tokAt(3)->varId();
                if (firstVarId > 0 && firstVarId == secondVarId)
                {
                    lookupVar(tok1->tokAt(6), tok1->strAt(1));
                }
            }
            else if (tok1->isStandardType() && Token::Match(tok1, "%type% %var% [;=]"))
            {
                lookupVar(tok1, tok1->strAt(1));
            }
        }
    }

}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------

void CheckOther::lookupVar(const Token *tok1, const std::string &varname)
{
    const Token *tok = tok1;

    // Skip the variable declaration..
    while (tok && tok->str() != ";")
        tok = tok->next();

    // Check if the variable is used in this indentlevel..
    bool used1 = false;   // used in one sub-scope -> reducable
    bool used2 = false;   // used in more sub-scopes -> not reducable
    int indentlevel = 0;
    int parlevel = 0;
    bool for_or_while = false;  // is sub-scope a "for/while/etc". anything that is not "if"
    while (tok)
    {
        if (tok->str() == "{")
        {
            ++indentlevel;
        }

        else if (tok->str() == "}")
        {
            if (indentlevel == 0)
                break;
            --indentlevel;
            if (indentlevel == 0)
            {
                if (for_or_while && used2)
                    return;
                used2 |= used1;
                used1 = false;
            }
        }

        else if (tok->str() == "(")
        {
            ++parlevel;
        }

        else if (tok->str() == ")")
        {
            --parlevel;
        }

        // Bail out if references are used
        else if (Token::simpleMatch(tok, (std::string("& ") + varname).c_str()))
        {
            return;
        }

        else if (tok->str() == varname)
        {
            if (indentlevel == 0)
                return;
            used1 = true;
            if (for_or_while && !Token::simpleMatch(tok->next(), "="))
                used2 = true;
            if (used1 && used2)
                return;
        }

        else if (indentlevel == 0)
        {
            // %unknown% ( %any% ) {
            // If %unknown% is anything except if, we assume
            // that it is a for or while loop or a macro hiding either one
            if (Token::simpleMatch(tok->next(), "(") &&
                Token::simpleMatch(tok->next()->link(), ") {"))
            {
                if (tok->str() != "if")
                    for_or_while = true;
            }

            if (Token::simpleMatch(tok, "do {"))
                for_or_while = true;

            if (parlevel == 0 && (tok->str() == ";"))
                for_or_while = false;
        }

        tok = tok->next();
    }

    // Warning if this variable:
    // * not used in this indentlevel
    // * used in lower indentlevel
    if (used1 || used2)
        variableScopeError(tok1, varname);
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------


//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Check for constant function parameters
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------

void CheckOther::checkConstantFunctionParameter()
{
    if (!_settings->_checkCodingStyle)
        return;

    for (const Token *tok = _tokenizer->tokens(); tok; tok = tok->next())
    {
        if (Token::Match(tok, "[,(] const std :: %type% %var% [,)]"))
        {
            passedByValueError(tok, tok->strAt(5));
        }

        else if (Token::Match(tok, "[,(] const std :: %type% < %type% > %var% [,)]"))
        {
            passedByValueError(tok, tok->strAt(8));
        }

        else if (Token::Match(tok, "[,(] const std :: %type% < std :: %type% > %var% [,)]"))
        {
            passedByValueError(tok, tok->strAt(10));
        }

        else if (Token::Match(tok, "[,(] const std :: %type% < std :: %type% , std :: %type% > %var% [,)]"))
        {
            passedByValueError(tok, tok->strAt(14));
        }

        else if (Token::Match(tok, "[,(] const std :: %type% < %type% , std :: %type% > %var% [,)]"))
        {
            passedByValueError(tok, tok->strAt(12));
        }

        else if (Token::Match(tok, "[,(] const std :: %type% < std :: %type% , %type% > %var% [,)]"))
        {
            passedByValueError(tok, tok->strAt(12));
        }

        else if (Token::Match(tok, "[,(] const std :: %type% < %type% , %type% > %var% [,)]"))
        {
            passedByValueError(tok, tok->strAt(10));
        }

        else if (Token::Match(tok, "[,(] const %type% %var% [,)]"))
        {
            // Check if type is a struct or class.
            const std::string pattern(std::string("class|struct ") + tok->strAt(2));
            if (Token::findmatch(_tokenizer->tokens(), pattern.c_str()))
            {
                passedByValueError(tok, tok->strAt(3));
            }
        }
    }
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------


//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Check that all struct members are used
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------

void CheckOther::checkStructMemberUsage()
{
    if (!_settings->_checkCodingStyle)
        return;

    std::string structname;
    for (const Token *tok = _tokenizer->tokens(); tok; tok = tok->next())
    {
        if (tok->fileIndex() != 0)
            continue;

        if (Token::Match(tok, "struct|union %type% {"))
        {
            structname.clear();
            if (Token::simpleMatch(tok->previous(), "extern"))
                continue;
            if ((!tok->previous() || Token::simpleMatch(tok->previous(), ";")) && Token::Match(tok->tokAt(2)->link(), ("} ; " + tok->strAt(1) + " %var% ;").c_str()))
                continue;

            structname = tok->strAt(1);

            // Bail out if struct/union contain any functions
            for (const Token *tok2 = tok->tokAt(2); tok2; tok2 = tok2->next())
            {
                if (tok2->str() == "(")
                {
                    structname = "";
                    break;
                }

                if (tok2->str() == "}")
                    break;
            }

            // Bail out if some data is casted to struct..
            const std::string s("( struct| " + tok->next()->str() + " * ) & %var% [");
            if (Token::findmatch(tok, s.c_str()))
                structname = "";

            // Try to prevent false positives when struct members are not used directly.
            if (Token::findmatch(tok, (structname + " *").c_str()))
                structname = "";
            else if (Token::findmatch(tok, (structname + " %type% *").c_str()))
                structname = "";
        }

        if (tok->str() == "}")
            structname = "";

        if (!structname.empty() && Token::Match(tok, "[{;]"))
        {
            // Declaring struct variable..
            std::string varname;
            if (Token::Match(tok->next(), "%type% %var% [;[]"))
                varname = tok->strAt(2);
            else if (Token::Match(tok->next(), "%type% %type% %var% [;[]"))
                varname = tok->strAt(3);
            else if (Token::Match(tok->next(), "%type% * %var% [;[]"))
                varname = tok->strAt(3);
            else if (Token::Match(tok->next(), "%type% %type% * %var% [;[]"))
                varname = tok->strAt(4);
            else
                continue;

            // Check if the struct variable is anywhere in the file
            const std::string usagePattern(". " + varname);
            bool used = false;
            for (const Token *tok2 = _tokenizer->tokens(); tok2; tok2 = tok2->next())
            {
                if (Token::simpleMatch(tok2, usagePattern.c_str()))
                {
                    used = true;
                    break;
                }
            }

            if (! used)
            {
                unusedStructMemberError(tok->next(), structname, varname);
            }
        }
    }
}





//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Check usage of char variables..
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------

void CheckOther::checkCharVariable()
{
    if (!_settings->_checkCodingStyle)
        return;

    for (const Token *tok = _tokenizer->tokens(); tok; tok = tok->next())
    {
        // Declaring the variable..
        if (Token::Match(tok, "[{};(,] char %var% [;=,)]"))
        {
            // Check for unsigned char
            if (tok->tokAt(1)->isUnsigned())
                continue;

            // Set tok to point to the variable name
            tok = tok->tokAt(2);
            if (tok->str() == "char")
                tok = tok->next();

            // Check usage of char variable..
            int indentlevel = 0;
            for (const Token *tok2 = tok->next(); tok2; tok2 = tok2->next())
            {
                if (tok2->str() == "{")
                    ++indentlevel;

                else if (tok2->str() == "}")
                {
                    --indentlevel;
                    if (indentlevel <= 0)
                        break;
                }

                else if (tok2->str() == "return")
                    continue;

                std::string temp = "%var% [ " + tok->str() + " ]";
                if ((tok2->str() != ".") && Token::Match(tok2->next(), temp.c_str()))
                {
                    charArrayIndexError(tok2->next());
                    break;
                }

                if (Token::Match(tok2, "[;{}] %var% = %any% [&|] %any% ;"))
                {
                    // is the char variable used in the calculation?
                    if (tok2->tokAt(3)->varId() != tok->varId() && tok2->tokAt(5)->varId() != tok->varId())
                        continue;

                    // it's ok with a bitwise and where the other operand is 0xff or less..
                    if (std::string(tok2->strAt(4)) == "&")
                    {
                        if (tok2->tokAt(3)->isNumber() && MathLib::isGreater("0x100", tok2->strAt(3)))
                            continue;
                        if (tok2->tokAt(5)->isNumber() && MathLib::isGreater("0x100", tok2->strAt(5)))
                            continue;
                    }

                    // is the result stored in a short|int|long?
                    if (!Token::findmatch(_tokenizer->tokens(), "short|int|long %varid%", tok2->next()->varId()))
                        continue;

                    // This is an error..
                    charBitOpError(tok2);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------






//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Incomplete statement..
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------

void CheckOther::checkIncompleteStatement()
{
    if (!_settings->_checkCodingStyle)
        return;

    int parlevel = 0;

    for (const Token *tok = _tokenizer->tokens(); tok; tok = tok->next())
    {
        if (tok->str() == "(")
            ++parlevel;
        else if (tok->str() == ")")
            --parlevel;

        if (parlevel != 0)
            continue;

        if (Token::simpleMatch(tok, "= {"))
        {
            /* We are in an assignment, so it's not a statement.
             * Skip until ";" */

            while (tok->str() != ";")
            {
                int level = 0;
                do
                {
                    if (tok->str() == "(" || tok->str() == "{")
                        ++level;
                    else if (tok->str() == ")" || tok->str() == "}")
                        --level;

                    tok = tok->next();

                    if (tok == NULL)
                        return;
                }
                while (level > 0);
            }

            continue;
        }

        if (Token::Match(tok, "[;{}] %str%") && !Token::Match(tok->tokAt(2), "[,}]"))
        {
            constStatementError(tok->next(), "string");
        }

        if (Token::Match(tok, "[;{}] %num%") && !Token::Match(tok->tokAt(2), "[,}]"))
        {
            constStatementError(tok->next(), "numeric");
        }
    }
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------






//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// str plus char
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------

void CheckOther::strPlusChar()
{
    bool charVars[10000] = {0};

    for (const Token *tok = _tokenizer->tokens(); tok; tok = tok->next())
    {
        // Declaring char variable..
        if (Token::Match(tok, "char|int|short %var% [;=]"))
        {
            unsigned int varid = tok->next()->varId();
            if (varid > 0 && varid < 10000)
                charVars[varid] = true;
        }

        //
        else if (Token::Match(tok, "[=(] %str% + %any%"))
        {
            // char constant..
            const std::string s = tok->strAt(3);
            if (s[0] == '\'')
                strPlusChar(tok->next());

            // char variable..
            unsigned int varid = tok->tokAt(3)->varId();
            if (varid > 0 && varid < 10000 && charVars[varid])
                strPlusChar(tok->next());
        }
    }
}


void CheckOther::nullPointerAfterLoop()
{
    // Locate insufficient null-pointer handling after loop
    for (const Token *tok = _tokenizer->tokens(); tok; tok = tok->next())
    {
        if (! Token::Match(tok, "while ( %var% )"))
            continue;

        const unsigned int varid(tok->tokAt(2)->varId());
        if (varid == 0)
            continue;

        const std::string varname(tok->strAt(2));

        // Locate the end of the while loop..
        const Token *tok2 = tok->tokAt(4);
        if (tok2->str() == "{")
            tok2 = tok2->link();
        else
        {
            while (tok2 && tok2->str() != ";")
                tok2 = tok2->next();
        }

        // Goto next token
        if (tok2)
            tok2 = tok2->next();

        // Check if the variable is dereferenced..
        while (tok2)
        {
            if (tok2->str() == "{" || tok2->str() == "}" || tok2->str() == "break")
                break;

            if (tok2->varId() == varid)
            {
                if (tok2->next()->str() == "." || Token::Match(tok2->next(), "= %varid% .", varid))
                {
                    // Is this variable a pointer?
                    const Token *tok3 = Token::findmatch(_tokenizer->tokens(), "%type% * %varid% [;)=]", varid);
                    if (!tok3)
                        break;

                    if (!tok3->previous() ||
                        Token::Match(tok3->previous(), "[({};]") ||
                        tok3->previous()->isName())
                    {
                        nullPointerError(tok2, varname);
                    }
                }
                break;
            }

            tok2 = tok2->next();
        }
    }
}

void CheckOther::nullPointerLinkedList()
{
    // looping through items in a linked list in a inner loop..
    for (const Token *tok1 = _tokenizer->tokens(); tok1; tok1 = tok1->next())
    {
        // search for a "for" token..
        if (!Token::simpleMatch(tok1, "for ("))
            continue;

        if (!Token::simpleMatch(tok1->next()->link(), ") {"))
            continue;

        // is there any dereferencing occuring in the for statement..
        unsigned int parlevel2 = 1;
        for (const Token *tok2 = tok1->tokAt(2); tok2; tok2 = tok2->next())
        {
            // Parantheses..
            if (tok2->str() == "(")
                ++parlevel2;
            else if (tok2->str() == ")")
            {
                if (parlevel2 <= 1)
                    break;
                --parlevel2;
            }

            // Dereferencing a variable inside the "for" parantheses..
            else if (Token::Match(tok2, "%var% . %var%"))
            {
                const unsigned int varid(tok2->varId());
                if (varid == 0)
                    continue;

                if (Token::Match(tok2->tokAt(-2), "%varid% ?", varid))
                    continue;

                const std::string varname(tok2->str());

                // Check usage of dereferenced variable in the loop..
                unsigned int indentlevel3 = 0;
                for (const Token *tok3 = tok1->next()->link(); tok3; tok3 = tok3->next())
                {
                    if (tok3->str() == "{")
                        ++indentlevel3;
                    else if (tok3->str() == "}")
                    {
                        if (indentlevel3 <= 1)
                            break;
                        --indentlevel3;
                    }
                    else if (Token::Match(tok3, "while ( %varid% &&|)", varid))
                    {
                        // Make sure there is a "break" to prevent segmentation faults..
                        unsigned int indentlevel4 = indentlevel3;
                        for (const Token *tok4 = tok3->next()->link(); tok4; tok4 = tok4->next())
                        {
                            if (tok4->str() == "{")
                                ++indentlevel4;
                            else if (tok4->str() == "}")
                            {
                                if (indentlevel4 <= 1)
                                {
                                    // Is this variable a pointer?
                                    const Token *tempTok = Token::findmatch(_tokenizer->tokens(), "%type% * %varid% [;)=]", varid);
                                    if (tempTok)
                                        nullPointerError(tok1, varname, tok3->linenr());

                                    break;
                                }
                                --indentlevel4;
                            }
                            else if (tok4->str() == "break")
                                break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

void CheckOther::nullPointerStructByDeRefAndChec()
{

    // Dereferencing a struct pointer and then checking if it's NULL..
    for (const Token *tok1 = _tokenizer->tokens(); tok1; tok1 = tok1->next())
    {
        if (Token::Match(tok1, "[{};] %var% = %var% . %var%"))
        {
            if (std::string(tok1->strAt(1)) == tok1->strAt(3))
                continue;

            tok1 = tok1->tokAt(3);
            const unsigned int varid1(tok1->varId());
            if (varid1 == 0)
                continue;

            const std::string varname(tok1->str());

            // Checking if the struct pointer is non-null before the assignment..
            {
                const Token *tok2 = _tokenizer->tokens();
                while (tok2)
                {
                    if (tok2 == tok1)
                        break;
                    if (Token::Match(tok2, "if|while ( !| %varid% )", varid1))
                        break;
                    tok2 = tok2->next();
                }
                if (tok2 != tok1)
                    continue;
            }

            unsigned int indentlevel2 = 0;
            for (const Token *tok2 = tok1->tokAt(3); tok2; tok2 = tok2->next())
            {
                if (tok2->str() == "{")
                    ++indentlevel2;

                else if (tok2->str() == "}")
                {
                    if (indentlevel2 == 0)
                        break;
                    --indentlevel2;
                }

                // goto destination..
                else if (tok2->isName() && Token::simpleMatch(tok2->next(), ":"))
                    break;

                // Reassignment of the struct
                else if (tok2->varId() == varid1)
                {
                    if (tok2->next()->str() == "=")
                        break;
                    if (Token::Match(tok2->tokAt(-2), "[,(] &"))
                        break;
                }

                // Loop..
                /** @todo don't bail out if the variable is not used in the loop */
                else if (tok2->str() == "do")
                    break;

                // return at base level => stop checking
                else if (indentlevel2 == 0 && tok2->str() == "return")
                    break;

                else if (Token::Match(tok2, "if ( !| %varid% )", varid1))
                {
                    // Is this variable a pointer?
                    const Token *tempTok = Token::findmatch(_tokenizer->tokens(), "%type% * %varid% [;)=]", varid1);
                    if (tempTok)
                        nullPointerError(tok1, varname, tok2->linenr());
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }

}

void CheckOther::nullPointerByDeRefAndChec()
{
    // Dereferencing a pointer and then checking if it's NULL..
    for (const Token *tok = _tokenizer->tokens(); tok; tok = tok->next())
    {
        if (tok->str() == "if" && Token::Match(tok->previous(), "; if ( ! %var% )"))
        {
            const unsigned int varid(tok->tokAt(3)->varId());
            if (varid == 0)
                continue;

            const std::string varname(tok->strAt(3));

            const Token *decltok = Token::findmatch(_tokenizer->tokens(), "%varid%", varid);
            if (!Token::Match(decltok->tokAt(-3), "[;,(] %var% *"))
                continue;

            for (const Token *tok1 = tok->previous(); tok1 && tok1 != decltok; tok1 = tok1->previous())
            {
                if (tok1->varId() == varid)
                {
                    if (Token::Match(tok1->tokAt(-2), "[=;{}] *"))
                    {
                        nullPointerError(tok1, varname);
                        break;
                    }
                    else if (tok1->previous() && tok1->previous()->str() == "&")
                    {
                        break;
                    }
                    else if (tok1->next() && tok1->next()->str() == "=")
                    {
                        break;
                    }
                }

                else if (tok1->str() == "{" ||
                         tok1->str() == "}")
                    break;

                // goto destination..
                else if (tok1->isName() && Token::simpleMatch(tok1->next(), ":"))
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
}


void CheckOther::nullPointer()
{
    nullPointerAfterLoop();
    nullPointerLinkedList();
    nullPointerStructByDeRefAndChec();
    nullPointerByDeRefAndChec();
}

/** Derefencing null constant (simplified token list) */
void CheckOther::nullConstantDereference()
{
    // this is kept at 0 for all scopes that are not executing
    unsigned int indentlevel = 0;

    for (const Token *tok = _tokenizer->tokens(); tok; tok = tok->next())
    {
        // start of executable scope..
        if (indentlevel == 0 && Token::Match(tok, ") const| {"))
            indentlevel = 1;

        else if (indentlevel >= 1)
        {
            if (tok->str() == "{")
                ++indentlevel;

            else if (tok->str() == "}")
            {
                if (indentlevel <= 2)
                    indentlevel = 0;
                else
                    --indentlevel;
            }

            if (tok->str() == "(" && Token::simpleMatch(tok->previous(), "sizeof"))
                tok = tok->link();

            else if (Token::simpleMatch(tok, "exit ( )"))
            {
                // Goto end of scope
                while (tok && tok->str() != "}")
                {
                    if (tok->str() == "{")
                        tok = tok->link();
                    tok = tok->next();
                }
                if (!tok)
                    break;
            }

            else if (Token::simpleMatch(tok, "* 0"))
            {
                if (Token::Match(tok->previous(), "[<>;{}=+-*/(,]") ||
                    Token::Match(tok->previous(), "return|<<"))
                {
                    nullPointerError(tok);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

/**
 * \brief parse a function call and extract information about variable usage
 * \param tok first token
 * \param var variables that the function read / write.
 * \param value 0 => invalid with null pointers as parameter.
 *              1-.. => invalid with uninitialized data.
 */
static void parseFunctionCall(const Token &tok, std::list<const Token *> &var, unsigned char value)
{
    // standard functions that dereference first parameter..
    // both uninitialized data and null pointers are invalid.
    static std::set<std::string> functionNames1;
    if (functionNames1.empty())
    {
        functionNames1.insert("memchr");
        functionNames1.insert("memcmp");
        functionNames1.insert("strcat");
        functionNames1.insert("strncat");
        functionNames1.insert("strchr");
        functionNames1.insert("strrchr");
        functionNames1.insert("strcmp");
        functionNames1.insert("strncmp");
        functionNames1.insert("strdup");
        functionNames1.insert("strndup");
        functionNames1.insert("strlen");
        functionNames1.insert("strstr");
    }

    // standard functions that dereference second parameter..
    // both uninitialized data and null pointers are invalid.
    static std::set<std::string> functionNames2;
    if (functionNames2.empty())
    {
        functionNames2.insert("memcmp");
        functionNames2.insert("memcpy");
        functionNames2.insert("memmove");
        functionNames2.insert("strcat");
        functionNames2.insert("strncat");
        functionNames2.insert("strcmp");
        functionNames2.insert("strncmp");
        functionNames2.insert("strcpy");
        functionNames2.insert("strncpy");
        functionNames2.insert("strstr");
    }

    // 1st parameter..
    if (Token::Match(&tok, "%var% ( %var% ,|)") && tok.tokAt(2)->varId() > 0)
    {
        if (functionNames1.find(tok.str()) != functionNames1.end())
            var.push_back(tok.tokAt(2));
        else if (value == 0 && Token::Match(&tok, "memchr|memcmp|memcpy|memmove|memset|strcpy|printf|sprintf|snprintf"))
            var.push_back(tok.tokAt(2));
        else if (Token::simpleMatch(&tok, "fflush"))
            var.push_back(tok.tokAt(2));
    }

    // 2nd parameter..
    if (Token::Match(&tok, "%var% ( %any% , %var% ,|)") && tok.tokAt(4)->varId() > 0)
    {
        if (functionNames2.find(tok.str()) != functionNames2.end())
            var.push_back(tok.tokAt(4));
    }
}


/// @addtogroup Checks
/// @{


/**
 * @brief %Check for null pointer usage (using ExecutionPath)
 */

class CheckNullpointer : public ExecutionPath
{
public:
    /** Startup constructor */
    CheckNullpointer(Check *c) : ExecutionPath(c, 0), null(false)
    {
    }

private:
    /** Create checking of specific variable: */
    CheckNullpointer(Check *c, const unsigned int id, const std::string &name)
        : ExecutionPath(c, id),
          varname(name),
          null(false)
    {
    }

    /** Copy this check */
    ExecutionPath *copy()
    {
        return new CheckNullpointer(*this);
    }

    /** no implementation => compiler error if used by accident */
    void operator=(const CheckNullpointer &);

    /** is other execution path equal? */
    bool is_equal(const ExecutionPath *e) const
    {
        const CheckNullpointer *c = static_cast<const CheckNullpointer *>(e);
        return (varname == c->varname && null == c->null);
    }

    /** variable name for this check (empty => dummy check) */
    const std::string varname;

    /** is this variable null? */
    bool null;

    /** variable is set to null */
    static void setnull(std::list<ExecutionPath *> &checks, const unsigned int varid)
    {
        std::list<ExecutionPath *>::iterator it;
        for (it = checks.begin(); it != checks.end(); ++it)
        {
            CheckNullpointer *c = dynamic_cast<CheckNullpointer *>(*it);
            if (c && c->varId == varid)
                c->null = true;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Dereferencing variable. Check if it is safe (if the variable is null there's an error)
     * @param checks Checks
     * @param tok token where dereferencing happens
     */
    static void dereference(std::list<ExecutionPath *> &checks, const Token *tok)
    {
        const unsigned int varid(tok->varId());

        std::list<ExecutionPath *>::iterator it;
        for (it = checks.begin(); it != checks.end(); ++it)
        {
            CheckNullpointer *c = dynamic_cast<CheckNullpointer *>(*it);
            if (c && c->varId == varid && c->null)
            {
                CheckOther *checkOther = dynamic_cast<CheckOther *>(c->owner);
                if (checkOther)
                {
                    checkOther->nullPointerError(tok, c->varname);
                    return;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /** parse tokens */
    const Token *parse(const Token &tok, std::list<ExecutionPath *> &checks) const
    {
        if (Token::Match(tok.previous(), "[;{}] const| %type% * %var% ;"))
        {
            const Token * vartok = tok.tokAt(2);

            if (tok.str() == "const")
                vartok = vartok->next();

            if (vartok->varId() != 0)
                checks.push_back(new CheckNullpointer(owner, vartok->varId(), vartok->str()));
            return vartok->next();
        }

        // Template pointer variable..
        if (Token::Match(tok.previous(), "[;{}] %type% ::|<"))
        {
            const Token * vartok = &tok;
            while (Token::Match(vartok, "%type% ::"))
                vartok = vartok->tokAt(2);
            if (Token::Match(vartok, "%type% < %type%"))
            {
                vartok = vartok->tokAt(3);
                while (vartok && (vartok->str() == "*" || vartok->isName()))
                    vartok = vartok->next();
                if (Token::Match(vartok, "> * %var% ;|="))
                {
                    vartok = vartok->tokAt(2);
                    checks.push_back(new CheckNullpointer(owner, vartok->varId(), vartok->str()));
                    if (Token::simpleMatch(vartok->next(), "= 0 ;"))
                        setnull(checks, vartok->varId());
                    return vartok->next();
                }
            }
        }


        if (Token::Match(&tok, "%var% ("))
        {
            if (tok.str() == "sizeof")
                return tok.next()->link();

            // parse usage..
            std::list<const Token *> var;
            parseFunctionCall(tok, var, 0);
            for (std::list<const Token *>::const_iterator it = var.begin(); it != var.end(); ++it)
                dereference(checks, *it);
        }

        if (tok.varId() != 0)
        {
            if (Token::Match(tok.previous(), "[;{}=] %var% = 0 ;"))
                setnull(checks, tok.varId());
            else if (Token::Match(tok.tokAt(-2), "[;{}=+-/(,] * %var%"))
                dereference(checks, &tok);
            else if (Token::Match(tok.tokAt(-2), "return * %var%"))
                dereference(checks, &tok);
            else if (!Token::simpleMatch(tok.tokAt(-2), "& (") && Token::Match(tok.next(), ". %var%"))
                dereference(checks, &tok);
            else if (Token::Match(tok.previous(), "[;{}=+-/(,] %var% [ %any% ]"))
                dereference(checks, &tok);
            else if (Token::Match(tok.previous(), "return %var% [ %any% ]"))
                dereference(checks, &tok);
            else if (Token::Match(&tok, "%var% ("))
                dereference(checks, &tok);
            else
                bailOutVar(checks, tok.varId());
        }

        else if (tok.str() == "delete")
        {
            const Token *ret = tok.next();
            if (Token::simpleMatch(ret, "[ ]"))
                ret = ret->tokAt(2);
            if (Token::Match(ret, "%var% ;"))
                return ret->next();
        }

        return &tok;
    }

    /** parse condition. @sa ExecutionPath::parseCondition */
    bool parseCondition(const Token &tok, std::list<ExecutionPath *> &checks)
    {
        for (const Token *tok2 = &tok; tok2; tok2 = tok2->next())
        {
            if (tok2->str() == "(" || tok2->str() == ")")
                break;
            if (Token::Match(tok2, "[<>=] * %var%"))
                dereference(checks, tok2->tokAt(2));
        }

        if (Token::Match(&tok, "!| %var% ("))
        {
            std::list<const Token *> var;
            parseFunctionCall(tok.str() == "!" ? *tok.next() : tok, var, 0);
            for (std::list<const Token *>::const_iterator it = var.begin(); it != var.end(); ++it)
                dereference(checks, *it);
        }

        return ExecutionPath::parseCondition(tok, checks);
    }
};


/**
 * @brief %Check that uninitialized variables aren't used (using ExecutionPath)
 * */
class CheckUninitVar : public ExecutionPath
{
public:
    /** Startup constructor */
    CheckUninitVar(Check *c)
        : ExecutionPath(c, 0), pointer(false), array(false), alloc(false), strncpy_(false)
    {
    }

private:
    /** Create a copy of this check */
    ExecutionPath *copy()
    {
        return new CheckUninitVar(*this);
    }

    /** no implementation => compiler error if used */
    void operator=(const CheckUninitVar &);

    /** internal constructor for creating extra checks */
    CheckUninitVar(Check *c, unsigned int v, const std::string &name, bool p, bool a)
        : ExecutionPath(c, v), varname(name), pointer(p), array(a), alloc(false), strncpy_(false)
    {
    }

    /** is other execution path equal? */
    bool is_equal(const ExecutionPath *e) const
    {
        const CheckUninitVar *c = static_cast<const CheckUninitVar *>(e);
        return (varname == c->varname && pointer == c->pointer && array == c->array && alloc == c->alloc && strncpy_ == c->strncpy_);
    }

    /** variable name for this check */
    const std::string varname;

    /** is this variable a pointer? */
    const bool pointer;

    /** is this variable an array? */
    const bool array;

    /** is this variable allocated? */
    bool  alloc;

    /** is this variable initialized with strncpy (not always zero-terminated) */
    bool  strncpy_;

    /** allocating pointer. For example : p = malloc(10); */
    static void alloc_pointer(std::list<ExecutionPath *> &checks, unsigned int varid)
    {
        std::list<ExecutionPath *>::const_iterator it;
        for (it = checks.begin(); it != checks.end(); ++it)
        {
            CheckUninitVar *c = dynamic_cast<CheckUninitVar *>(*it);
            if (c && c->varId == varid)
                c->alloc = true;
        }
    }

    /** Initializing a pointer value. For example: *p = 0; */
    static void init_pointer(std::list<ExecutionPath *> &checks, const Token *tok)
    {
        const unsigned int varid(tok->varId());
        if (!varid)
            return;

        std::list<ExecutionPath *>::iterator it = checks.begin();
        while (it != checks.end())
        {
            CheckUninitVar *c = dynamic_cast<CheckUninitVar *>(*it);
            if (c && c->varId == varid)
            {
                if (c->alloc || c->array)
                {
                    delete c;
                    checks.erase(it++);
                    continue;
                }
                else
                {
                    use_pointer(checks, tok);
                }
            }

            ++it;
        }
    }

    /** Deallocate a pointer. For example: free(p); */
    static void dealloc_pointer(std::list<ExecutionPath *> &checks, const Token *tok)
    {
        const unsigned int varid(tok->varId());
        if (!varid)
            return;

        std::list<ExecutionPath *>::const_iterator it;
        for (it = checks.begin(); it != checks.end(); ++it)
        {
            CheckUninitVar *c = dynamic_cast<CheckUninitVar *>(*it);
            if (c && c->varId == varid)
            {
                if (c->pointer && !c->alloc)
                {
                    CheckOther *checkOther = dynamic_cast<CheckOther *>(c->owner);
                    if (checkOther)
                    {
                        checkOther->uninitvarError(tok, c->varname);
                        break;
                    }
                }
                c->alloc = false;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Pointer assignment:  p = x;
     * if p is a pointer and x is an array/pointer then bail out
     * \param checks all available checks
     * \param tok1 the "p" token
     * \param tok2 the "x" token
     */
    static void pointer_assignment(std::list<ExecutionPath *> &checks, const Token *tok1, const Token *tok2)
    {
        const unsigned int varid1(tok1->varId());
        if (varid1 == 0)
            return;

        const unsigned int varid2(tok2->varId());
        if (varid2 == 0)
            return;

        std::list<ExecutionPath *>::const_iterator it;

        // bail out if first variable is a pointer
        for (it = checks.begin(); it != checks.end(); ++it)
        {
            CheckUninitVar *c = dynamic_cast<CheckUninitVar *>(*it);
            if (c && c->varId == varid1 && c->pointer)
            {
                bailOutVar(checks, varid1);
                break;
            }
        }

        // bail out if second variable is a array/pointer
        for (it = checks.begin(); it != checks.end(); ++it)
        {
            CheckUninitVar *c = dynamic_cast<CheckUninitVar *>(*it);
            if (c && c->varId == varid2 && (c->pointer || c->array))
            {
                bailOutVar(checks, varid2);
                break;
            }
        }
    }


    /** Initialize an array with strncpy. */
    static void init_strncpy(std::list<ExecutionPath *> &checks, const Token *tok)
    {
        const unsigned int varid(tok->varId());
        if (!varid)
            return;

        std::list<ExecutionPath *>::const_iterator it;
        for (it = checks.begin(); it != checks.end(); ++it)
        {
            CheckUninitVar *c = dynamic_cast<CheckUninitVar *>(*it);
            if (c && c->varId == varid)
            {
                c->strncpy_ = true;
            }
        }
    }



    /**
     * use - called from the use* functions below.
     * @param checks all available checks
     * @param tok variable token
     * @param mode specific behaviour
     * @return if error is found, true is returned
     */
    static bool use(std::list<ExecutionPath *> &checks, const Token *tok, const int mode)
    {
        const unsigned int varid(tok->varId());
        if (varid == 0)
            return false;

        std::list<ExecutionPath *>::const_iterator it;
        for (it = checks.begin(); it != checks.end(); ++it)
        {
            CheckUninitVar *c = dynamic_cast<CheckUninitVar *>(*it);
            if (c && c->varId == varid)
            {
                // mode 0 : the variable is used "directly"
                // example: .. = var;
                // it is ok to read the address of an uninitialized array.
                // it is ok to read the address of an allocated pointer
                if (mode == 0 && (c->array || (c->pointer && c->alloc)))
                    continue;

                // mode 2 : bad usage of pointer. if it's not a pointer then the usage is ok.
                // example: ptr->foo();
                if (mode == 2 && !c->pointer)
                    continue;

                // mode 3 : using dead pointer is invalid.
                if (mode == 3 && (!c->pointer || c->alloc))
                    continue;

                // mode 4 : reading uninitialized array or pointer is invalid.
                if (mode == 4 && (!c->array && !c->pointer))
                    continue;

                CheckOther *checkOther = dynamic_cast<CheckOther *>(c->owner);
                if (checkOther)
                {
                    if (c->strncpy_)
                        checkOther->uninitstringError(tok, c->varname);
                    else if (c->pointer && c->alloc)
                        checkOther->uninitdataError(tok, c->varname);
                    else
                        checkOther->uninitvarError(tok, c->varname);
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }

        // No error found
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Reading variable. Use this function in situations when it is
     * invalid to read the data of the variable but not the address.
     * @param checks all available checks
     * @param tok variable token
     * @return if error is found, true is returned
     */
    static bool use(std::list<ExecutionPath *> &checks, const Token *tok)
    {
        return use(checks, tok, 0);
    }

    /**
     * Reading array elements. If the variable is not an array then the usage is ok.
     * @param checks all available checks
     * @param tok variable token
     */
    static void use_array(std::list<ExecutionPath *> &checks, const Token *tok)
    {
        use(checks, tok, 1);
    }

    /**
     * Bad pointer usage. If the variable is not a pointer then the usage is ok.
     * @param checks all available checks
     * @param tok variable token
     * @return if error is found, true is returned
     */
    static bool use_pointer(std::list<ExecutionPath *> &checks, const Token *tok)
    {
        return use(checks, tok, 2);
    }

    /**
     * Using variable.. if it's a dead pointer the usage is invalid.
     * @param checks all available checks
     * @param tok variable token
     * @return if error is found, true is returned
     */
    static bool use_dead_pointer(std::list<ExecutionPath *> &checks, const Token *tok)
    {
        return use(checks, tok, 3);
    }

    /**
     * Using variable.. reading from uninitialized array or pointer data is invalid.
     * Example: = x[0];
     * @param checks all available checks
     * @param tok variable token
     * @return if error is found, true is returned
     */
    static bool use_array_or_pointer_data(std::list<ExecutionPath *> &checks, const Token *tok)
    {
        return use(checks, tok, 4);
    }


    /** declaring a variable */
    void declare(std::list<ExecutionPath *> &checks, const Token *vartok, const Token &tok, const bool p, const bool a) const
    {
        if (vartok->varId() == 0)
            return;

        bool isenum = false;
        if (!tok.isStandardType())
        {
            const std::string pattern("enum " + tok.str());
            for (const Token *tok2 = tok.previous(); tok2; tok2 = tok2->previous())
            {
                if (tok2->str() != "{")
                    continue;
                if (Token::simpleMatch(tok2->tokAt(-2), pattern.c_str()))
                {
                    isenum = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        // Suppress warnings if variable in inner scope has same name as variable in outer scope
        if (!tok.isStandardType() && !isenum)
        {
            std::set<unsigned int> dup;
            for (std::list<ExecutionPath *>::const_iterator it = checks.begin(); it != checks.end(); ++it)
            {
                CheckUninitVar *c = dynamic_cast<CheckUninitVar *>(*it);
                if (c && c->varname == vartok->str() && c->varId != vartok->varId())
                    dup.insert(c->varId);
            }
            if (!dup.empty())
            {
                for (std::set<unsigned int>::const_iterator it = dup.begin(); it != dup.end(); ++it)
                    bailOutVar(checks, *it);
                return;
            }
        }

        if (a || p || tok.isStandardType() || isenum)
            checks.push_back(new CheckUninitVar(owner, vartok->varId(), vartok->str(), p, a));
    }

    /** parse tokens. @sa ExecutionPath::parse */
    const Token *parse(const Token &tok, std::list<ExecutionPath *> &checks) const
    {
        // Variable declaration..
        if (Token::Match(tok.previous(), "[;{}] %var%") && tok.str() != "return")
        {
            if (Token::Match(&tok, "enum %type% {"))
                return tok.tokAt(2)->link();

            const Token * vartok = &tok;
            while (Token::Match(vartok, "const|struct"))
                vartok = vartok->next();

            if (Token::Match(vartok, "%type% *| %var% ;"))
            {
                vartok = vartok->next();
                const bool p(vartok->str() == "*");
                if (p)
                    vartok = vartok->next();
                declare(checks, vartok, tok, p, false);
                return vartok;
            }

            // Variable declaration for array..
            if (Token::Match(vartok, "%type% %var% [ %num% ] ;"))
            {
                vartok = vartok->next();
                declare(checks, vartok, tok, false, true);
                return vartok->next()->link();
            }

            // Template pointer variable..
            if (Token::Match(vartok, "%type% ::|<"))
            {
                while (Token::Match(vartok, "%type% ::"))
                    vartok = vartok->tokAt(2);
                if (Token::Match(vartok, "%type% < %type%"))
                {
                    vartok = vartok->tokAt(3);
                    while (vartok && (vartok->str() == "*" || vartok->isName()))
                        vartok = vartok->next();
                    if (Token::Match(vartok, "> * %var% ;"))
                    {
                        declare(checks, vartok->tokAt(2), tok, true, false);
                        return vartok->tokAt(2);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        if (tok.varId())
        {
            // Used..
            if (Token::Match(tok.previous(), "[[(,+-*/] %var% []),+-*/]"))
            {
                use(checks, &tok);
                return &tok;
            }

            if (Token::Match(tok.previous(), "++|--") || Token::Match(tok.next(), "++|--"))
            {
                use(checks, &tok);
                return &tok;
            }

            if (Token::Match(tok.previous(), "[;{}] %var% =|[|."))
            {
                if (tok.next()->str() == ".")
                {
                    if (use_dead_pointer(checks, &tok))
                    {
                        return &tok;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    // check variable usages in rhs/index
                    for (const Token *tok2 = tok.tokAt(2); tok2; tok2 = tok2->next())
                    {
                        if (Token::Match(tok2, ";|)|=|?"))
                            break;
                        if (Token::Match(tok2, "%var% ("))
                            break;
                        if (tok2->varId() &&
                            !Token::Match(tok2->previous(), "&|::") &&
                            !Token::simpleMatch(tok2->next(), "="))
                        {
                            // Multiple assignments..
                            if (Token::simpleMatch(tok2->next(), "["))
                            {
                                const Token * tok3 = tok2;
                                while (Token::simpleMatch(tok3->next(), "["))
                                    tok3 = tok3->next()->link();
                                if (Token::simpleMatch(tok3, "] ="))
                                    continue;
                            }
                            bool foundError;
                            if (tok2->previous()->str() == "*" || tok2->next()->str() == "[")
                                foundError = use_array_or_pointer_data(checks, tok2);
                            else
                                foundError = use(checks, tok2);

                            // prevent duplicate error messages
                            if (foundError)
                            {
                                bailOutVar(checks, tok2->varId());
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                // pointer aliasing?
                if (Token::Match(tok.tokAt(2), "%var% ;"))
                {
                    pointer_assignment(checks, &tok, tok.tokAt(2));
                }
            }

            if (Token::simpleMatch(tok.next(), "("))
            {
                use_pointer(checks, &tok);
            }

            if (Token::Match(tok.tokAt(-2), "[;{}] *"))
            {
                if (Token::simpleMatch(tok.next(), "="))
                    init_pointer(checks, &tok);
                else
                    use_pointer(checks, &tok);
                return &tok;
            }

            // += etc
            if (Token::Match(tok.previous(), "[;{}]") || Token::Match(tok.tokAt(-2), "[;{}] *"))
            {
                // goto the equal..
                const Token *eq = tok.next();
                if (eq && eq->str() == "[" && eq->link() && eq->link()->next())
                    eq = eq->link()->next();

                // is it X=
                if (Token::Match(eq, "+=|-=|*=|/=|&=|^=") || eq->str() == "|=")
                {
                    if (tok.previous()->str() == "*")
                        use_pointer(checks, &tok);
                    else if (tok.next()->str() == "[")
                        use_array(checks, &tok);
                    else
                        use(checks, &tok);
                }
            }

            if (Token::Match(tok.next(), "= malloc|kmalloc") || Token::simpleMatch(tok.next(), "= new char ["))
            {
                alloc_pointer(checks, tok.varId());
                if (tok.tokAt(3)->str() == "(")
                    return tok.tokAt(3);
            }

            else if (Token::simpleMatch(tok.previous(), ">>") || Token::simpleMatch(tok.next(), "="))
            {
                ExecutionPath::bailOutVar(checks, tok.varId());
                return &tok;
            }

            if (Token::simpleMatch(tok.next(), "["))
            {
                const Token *tok2 = tok.next()->link();
                if (Token::simpleMatch(tok2 ? tok2->next() : 0, "="))
                {
                    ExecutionPath::bailOutVar(checks, tok.varId());
                    return &tok;
                }
            }

            if (Token::simpleMatch(tok.previous(), "delete") ||
                Token::simpleMatch(tok.tokAt(-3), "delete [ ]"))
            {
                dealloc_pointer(checks, &tok);
                return &tok;
            }
        }

        if (Token::Match(&tok, "%var% (") && uvarFunctions.find(tok.str()) == uvarFunctions.end())
        {
            if (Token::simpleMatch(&tok, "sizeof ("))
                return tok.next()->link();

            // deallocate pointer
            if (Token::Match(&tok, "free|kfree|fclose ( %var% )"))
            {
                dealloc_pointer(checks, tok.tokAt(2));
                return tok.tokAt(3);
            }

            // parse usage..
            {
                std::list<const Token *> var;
                parseFunctionCall(tok, var, 1);
                for (std::list<const Token *>::const_iterator it = var.begin(); it != var.end(); ++it)
                    use_array(checks, *it);

                // Using uninitialized pointer is bad if using null pointer is bad
                std::list<const Token *> var2;
                parseFunctionCall(tok, var2, 0);
                for (std::list<const Token *>::const_iterator it = var2.begin(); it != var2.end(); ++it)
                {
                    if (std::find(var.begin(), var.end(), *it) == var.end())
                        use_dead_pointer(checks, *it);
                }
            }

            // strncpy doesn't 0-terminate first parameter
            if (Token::Match(&tok, "strncpy ( %var% ,"))
            {
                if (Token::Match(tok.tokAt(4), "%str% ,"))
                {
                    if (Token::Match(tok.tokAt(6), "%num% )"))
                    {
                        const unsigned int len = Token::getStrLength(tok.tokAt(4));
                        const unsigned int sz = MathLib::toLongNumber(tok.strAt(6));
                        if (len>=sz)
                        {
                            init_strncpy(checks, tok.tokAt(2));
                            return tok.next()->link();
                        }
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    init_strncpy(checks, tok.tokAt(2));
                    return tok.next()->link();
                }
            }

            if (Token::simpleMatch(&tok, "asm ( )"))
            {
                ExecutionPath::bailOut(checks);
                return &tok;
            }

            // is the variable passed as a parameter to some function?
            unsigned int parlevel = 0;
            std::set<unsigned int> bailouts;
            for (const Token *tok2 = tok.next(); tok2; tok2 = tok2->next())
            {
                if (tok2->str() == "(")
                    ++parlevel;

                else if (tok2->str() == ")")
                {
                    if (parlevel <= 1)
                        break;
                    --parlevel;
                }

                else if (Token::simpleMatch(tok2, "sizeof ("))
                {
                    tok2 = tok2->next()->link();
                    if (!tok2)
                        break;
                }

                else if (tok2->varId())
                {
                    if (Token::Match(tok2->tokAt(-2), "[(,] *") || Token::Match(tok2->next(), ". %var%"))
                    {
                        if (use_dead_pointer(checks, tok2))
                            ExecutionPath::bailOutVar(checks, tok2->varId());
                    }

                    // it is possible that the variable is initialized here
                    if (Token::Match(tok2->previous(), "[(,] %var% [,)]"))
                        bailouts.insert(tok2->varId());

                    // array initialization..
                    if (Token::Match(tok2->previous(), "[,(] %var% +"))
                    {
                        // if var is array, bailout
                        for (std::list<ExecutionPath *>::const_iterator it = checks.begin(); it != checks.end(); ++it)
                        {
                            if ((*it)->varId == tok2->varId())
                            {
                                const CheckUninitVar *c = dynamic_cast<const CheckUninitVar *>(*it);
                                if (c && c->array)
                                    bailouts.insert(tok2->varId());
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            for (std::set<unsigned int>::const_iterator it = bailouts.begin(); it != bailouts.end(); ++it)
                ExecutionPath::bailOutVar(checks, *it);
        }

        // function call via function pointer
        if (Token::Match(&tok, "( * %var% ) ("))
        {
            // is the variable passed as a parameter to some function?
            unsigned int parlevel = 0;
            for (const Token *tok2 = tok.link()->next(); tok2; tok2 = tok2->next())
            {
                if (tok2->str() == "(")
                    ++parlevel;

                else if (tok2->str() == ")")
                {
                    if (parlevel <= 1)
                        break;
                    --parlevel;
                }

                else if (tok2->varId())
                {
                    // it is possible that the variable is initialized here
                    ExecutionPath::bailOutVar(checks, tok2->varId());
                }
            }
        }

        if (tok.str() == "return")
        {
            // Todo: if (!array && ..
            if (Token::Match(tok.next(), "%var% ;"))
            {
                use(checks, tok.next());
            }
        }

        if (tok.varId())
        {
            if (Token::simpleMatch(tok.previous(), "="))
            {
                if (Token::Match(tok.tokAt(-3), "& %var% ="))
                {
                    bailOutVar(checks, tok.varId());
                    return &tok;
                }

                if (!Token::Match(tok.tokAt(-3), ". %var% ="))
                {
                    if (!Token::Match(tok.tokAt(-3), "[;{}] %var% ="))
                    {
                        use(checks, &tok);
                        return &tok;
                    }

                    const unsigned int varid2 = tok.tokAt(-2)->varId();
                    if (varid2)
                    {
                        /*
                        const Token *tok2 = Token::findmatch(owner->_tokenizer->tokens(), "%varid%", varid2);
                        if (tok2 && !Token::simpleMatch(tok2->previous(), "*"))
                        */
                        {
                            use(checks, &tok);
                            return &tok;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if (Token::simpleMatch(tok.next(), "."))
            {
                const Token *tok2 = tok.next();
                while (Token::Match(tok2, ". %var%"))
                    tok2 = tok2->tokAt(2);
                if (tok2 && tok2->str() != "=")
                    use_pointer(checks, &tok);
                else
                    bailOutVar(checks, tok.varId());
                return &tok;
            }

            if (Token::simpleMatch(tok.next(), "["))
            {
                ExecutionPath::bailOutVar(checks, tok.varId());
                return &tok;
            }

            if (Token::Match(tok.tokAt(-2), "[,(=] *"))
            {
                use_pointer(checks, &tok);
                return &tok;
            }

            if (Token::simpleMatch(tok.previous(), "&"))
            {
                ExecutionPath::bailOutVar(checks, tok.varId());
            }
        }

        // Parse "for"
        if (Token::Match(&tok, "[;{}] for ("))
        {
            // initialized variables
            std::set<unsigned int> varid1;
            varid1.insert(0);

            // Parse token
            const Token *tok2;

            // parse setup
            for (tok2 = tok.tokAt(3); tok2; tok2 = tok2->next())
            {
                if (tok2->str() == ";")
                    break;
                if (tok2->varId())
                    varid1.insert(tok2->varId());
            }

            // parse condition
            if (Token::Match(tok2, "; %var% <|<=|>=|> %num% ;"))
            {
                // If the variable hasn't been initialized then call "use"
                if (varid1.find(tok2->next()->varId()) == varid1.end())
                    use(checks, tok2->next());
            }

            // goto stepcode
            tok2 = tok2->next();
            while (tok2 && tok2->str() != ";")
                tok2 = tok2->next();

            // parse the stepcode
            if (Token::Match(tok2, "; ++|-- %var% ) {") ||
                Token::Match(tok2, "; %var% ++|-- ) {"))
            {
                // get id of variable..
                unsigned int varid = tok2->next()->varId();
                if (!varid)
                    varid = tok2->tokAt(2)->varId();

                // Check that the variable hasn't been initialized and
                // that it isn't initialized in the body..
                if (varid1.find(varid) == varid1.end())
                {
                    unsigned int indentlevel = 0;
                    for (const Token *tok3 = tok2->tokAt(5); tok3; tok3 = tok3->next())
                    {
                        if (tok3->str() == "{")
                            ++indentlevel;
                        else if (tok3->str() == "}")
                        {
                            if (indentlevel == 0)
                                break;
                            --indentlevel;
                        }
                        if (tok3->varId() == varid)
                        {
                            varid = 0;  // variable is used.. maybe it's initialized. clear the variable id.
                            break;
                        }
                    }

                    // If the variable isn't initialized in the body call "use"
                    if (varid != 0)
                    {
                        // goto variable
                        tok2 = tok2->next();
                        if (!tok2->varId())
                            tok2 = tok2->next();

                        // call "use"
                        use(checks, tok2);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return &tok;
    }

    bool parseCondition(const Token &tok, std::list<ExecutionPath *> &checks)
    {
        if (tok.varId() && Token::Match(&tok, "%var% <|<=|==|!=|)|["))
            use(checks, &tok);

        else if (Token::Match(&tok, "!| %var% ("))
        {
            std::list<const Token *> var;
            parseFunctionCall(tok.str() == "!" ? *tok.next() : tok, var, 1);
            for (std::list<const Token *>::const_iterator it = var.begin(); it != var.end(); ++it)
                use_array(checks, *it);
        }

        else if (Token::Match(&tok, "! %var% )"))
        {
            use(checks, &tok);
            return false;
        }

        return ExecutionPath::parseCondition(tok, checks);
    }

public:

    /** Functions that don't handle uninitialized variables well */
    static std::set<std::string> uvarFunctions;

    static void analyseFunctions(const Token * const tokens, std::set<std::string> &func)
    {
        for (const Token *tok = tokens; tok; tok = tok->next())
        {
            if (tok->str() == "{")
            {
                tok = tok->link();
                continue;
            }
            if (tok->str() != "::" && Token::Match(tok->next(), "%var% ( %type%"))
            {
                if (!Token::simpleMatch(tok->tokAt(2)->link(), ") {"))
                    continue;
                const Token *tok2 = tok->tokAt(3);
                while (tok2 && tok2->str() != ")")
                {
                    if (tok2->str() == ",")
                        tok2 = tok2->next();

                    if (Token::Match(tok2, "%type% %var% ,|)") && tok2->isStandardType())
                    {
                        tok2 = tok2->tokAt(2);
                        continue;
                    }

                    if (tok2->isStandardType() && Token::Match(tok2, "%type% & %var% ,|)"))
                    {
                        const unsigned int varid(tok2->tokAt(2)->varId());

                        // flags for read/write
                        bool r = false, w = false;

                        // check how the variable is used in the function
                        unsigned int indentlevel = 0;
                        for (const Token *tok3 = tok2; tok3; tok3 = tok3->next())
                        {
                            if (tok3->str() == "{")
                                ++indentlevel;
                            else if (tok3->str() == "}")
                            {
                                if (indentlevel <= 1)
                                    break;
                                --indentlevel;
                            }
                            else if (indentlevel == 0 && tok3->str() == ";")
                                break;
                            else if (indentlevel >= 1 && tok3->varId() == varid)
                            {
                                if (Token::Match(tok3->previous(), "++|--") ||
                                    Token::Match(tok3->next(), "++|--"))
                                {
                                    r = true;
                                }

                                else
                                {
                                    w = true;
                                    break;
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        if (!r || w)
                            break;

                        tok2 = tok2->tokAt(3);
                        continue;
                    }

                    if (Token::Match(tok2, "const %type% &|*| const| %var% ,|)") && tok2->next()->isStandardType())
                    {
                        tok2 = tok2->tokAt(3);
                        while (tok2->isName())
                            tok2 = tok2->next();
                        continue;
                    }

                    break;
                }

                // found simple function..
                if (tok2->link() == tok->tokAt(2))
                    func.insert(tok->next()->str());
            }
        }
    }
};

/** Functions that don't handle uninitialized variables well */
std::set<std::string> CheckUninitVar::uvarFunctions;


/// @}


void CheckOther::analyse(const Token * const tokens, std::set<std::string> &func) const
{
    CheckUninitVar::analyseFunctions(tokens, func);
}

void CheckOther::saveAnalysisData(const std::set<std::string> &data) const
{
    CheckUninitVar::uvarFunctions.insert(data.begin(), data.end());
}

void CheckOther::executionPaths()
{
    // Check for null pointer errors..
    {
        CheckNullpointer c(this);
        checkExecutionPaths(_tokenizer->tokens(), &c);
    }

    // check if variable is accessed uninitialized..
    {
        // no writing if multiple threads are used (TODO: thread safe analysis?)
        if (_settings->_jobs == 1)
            CheckUninitVar::analyseFunctions(_tokenizer->tokens(), CheckUninitVar::uvarFunctions);

        CheckUninitVar c(this);
        checkExecutionPaths(_tokenizer->tokens(), &c);
    }
}

void CheckOther::checkZeroDivision()
{
    for (const Token *tok = _tokenizer->tokens(); tok; tok = tok->next())
    {

        if (Token::Match(tok, "/ %num%") &&
            MathLib::isInt(tok->next()->str()) &&
            MathLib::toLongNumber(tok->next()->str()) == 0L)
        {
            zerodivError(tok);
        }
        else if (Token::Match(tok, "div|ldiv|lldiv|imaxdiv ( %num% , %num% )") &&
                 MathLib::isInt(tok->tokAt(4)->str()) &&
                 MathLib::toLongNumber(tok->tokAt(4)->str()) == 0L)
        {
            zerodivError(tok);
        }
    }
}


void CheckOther::checkMathFunctions()
{
    for (const Token *tok = _tokenizer->tokens(); tok; tok = tok->next())
    {
        // case log(-2)
        if (tok->varId() == 0 &&
            Token::Match(tok, "log|log10 ( %num% )") &&
            MathLib::isNegative(tok->tokAt(2)->str()) &&
            MathLib::isInt(tok->tokAt(2)->str()) &&
            MathLib::toLongNumber(tok->tokAt(2)->str()) <= 0)
        {
            mathfunctionCallError(tok);
        }
        // case log(-2.0)
        else if (tok->varId() == 0 &&
                 Token::Match(tok, "log|log10 ( %num% )") &&
                 MathLib::isNegative(tok->tokAt(2)->str()) &&
                 MathLib::isFloat(tok->tokAt(2)->str()) &&
                 MathLib::toDoubleNumber(tok->tokAt(2)->str()) <= 0.)
        {
            mathfunctionCallError(tok);
        }

        // case log(0.0)
        else if (tok->varId() == 0 &&
                 Token::Match(tok, "log|log10 ( %num% )") &&
                 !MathLib::isNegative(tok->tokAt(2)->str()) &&
                 MathLib::isFloat(tok->tokAt(2)->str()) &&
                 MathLib::toDoubleNumber(tok->tokAt(2)->str()) <= 0.)
        {
            mathfunctionCallError(tok);
        }

        // case log(0)
        else if (tok->varId() == 0 &&
                 Token::Match(tok, "log|log10 ( %num% )") &&
                 !MathLib::isNegative(tok->tokAt(2)->str()) &&
                 MathLib::isInt(tok->tokAt(2)->str()) &&
                 MathLib::toLongNumber(tok->tokAt(2)->str()) <= 0)
        {
            mathfunctionCallError(tok);
        }
        // acos( x ), asin( x )  where x is defined for intervall [-1,+1], but not beyound
        else if (tok->varId() == 0 &&
                 Token::Match(tok, "acos|asin ( %num% )") &&
                 std::fabs(MathLib::toDoubleNumber(tok->tokAt(2)->str())) > 1.0)
        {
            mathfunctionCallError(tok);
        }
        // sqrt( x ): if x is negative the result is undefined
        else if (tok->varId() == 0 &&
                 Token::Match(tok, "sqrt ( %num% )") &&
                 MathLib::isNegative(tok->tokAt(2)->str()))
        {
            mathfunctionCallError(tok);
        }
        // atan2 ( x , y): x and y can not be zero, because this is mathematically not defined
        else if (tok->varId() == 0 &&
                 Token::Match(tok, "atan2 ( %num% , %num% )") &&
                 MathLib::isNullValue(tok->tokAt(2)->str()) &&
                 MathLib::isNullValue(tok->tokAt(4)->str()))
        {
            mathfunctionCallError(tok, 2);
        }
        // fmod ( x , y) If y is zero, then either a range error will occur or the function will return zero (implementation-defined).
        else if (tok->varId() == 0 &&
                 Token::Match(tok, "fmod ( %num% , %num% )") &&
                 MathLib::isNullValue(tok->tokAt(4)->str()))
        {
            mathfunctionCallError(tok, 2);
        }
        // pow ( x , y) If x is zero, and y is negative --> division by zero
        else if (tok->varId() == 0 &&
                 Token::Match(tok, "pow ( %num% , %num% )") &&
                 MathLib::isNullValue(tok->tokAt(2)->str())  &&
                 MathLib::isNegative(tok->tokAt(4)->str()))
        {
            mathfunctionCallError(tok, 2);
        }

    }
}



void CheckOther::postIncrement()
{
    if (!_settings->_checkCodingStyle || !_settings->inconclusive)
        return;

    for (const Token *tok = _tokenizer->tokens(); tok; tok = tok->next())
    {
        if (Token::simpleMatch(tok, "for ("))
        {
            const Token *tok2 = tok->next()->link();
            if (tok2)
                tok2 = tok2->tokAt(-3);
            if (Token::Match(tok2, "; %var% ++|-- )"))
            {
                if (tok2->next()->varId() == 0)
                    continue;

                // Take a look at the variable declaration
                const Token *decltok = Token::findmatch(_tokenizer->tokens(), "%varid%", tok2->tokAt(1)->varId());
                const std::string classDef = std::string("class ") + std::string(decltok->previous()->strAt(0));

                // Is the variable an iterator?
                if (decltok && Token::Match(decltok->previous(), "iterator|const_iterator"))
                    postIncrementError(tok2, tok2->strAt(1), (std::string("++") == tok2->strAt(2)));
                // Is the variable a class?
                else if (Token::findmatch(_tokenizer->tokens(), classDef.c_str()))
                    postIncrementError(tok2, tok2->strAt(1), (std::string("++") == tok2->strAt(2)));
            }
        }
    }
}

void CheckOther::checkEmptyCatchBlock()
{
    if (!_settings->_checkCodingStyle)
        return;

    const char pattern[] = "} catch (";
    for (const Token *tok = Token::findmatch(_tokenizer->tokens(), pattern); tok;
         tok = Token::findmatch(tok, pattern))
    {
        tok = tok->tokAt(2);

        if (Token::simpleMatch(tok->link(), ") { }"))
        {
            emptyCatchBlockError(tok);
        }
    }
}


void CheckOther::cstyleCastError(const Token *tok)
{
    reportError(tok, Severity::style, "cstyleCast", "C-style pointer casting");
}

void CheckOther::redundantIfDelete0Error(const Token *tok)
{
    reportError(tok, Severity::style, "redundantIfDelete0", "Redundant condition. It is safe to deallocate a NULL pointer");
}

void CheckOther::redundantIfRemoveError(const Token *tok)
{
    reportError(tok, Severity::style, "redundantIfRemove", "Redundant condition. The remove function in the STL will not do anything if element doesn't exist");
}

void CheckOther::dangerousUsageStrtolError(const Token *tok)
{
    reportError(tok, Severity::error, "dangerousUsageStrtol", "Invalid radix in call to strtol or strtoul. Must be 0 or 2-36");
}

void CheckOther::sprintfOverlappingDataError(const Token *tok, const std::string &varname)
{
    reportError(tok, Severity::error, "sprintfOverlappingData", "Undefined behaviour: " + varname + " is used wrong in call to sprintf or snprintf. Quote: If copying takes place between objects that overlap as a result of a call to sprintf() or snprintf(), the results are undefined.");
}

void CheckOther::udivError(const Token *tok)
{
    reportError(tok, Severity::error, "udivError", "Unsigned division. The result will be wrong.");
}

void CheckOther::unusedStructMemberError(const Token *tok, const std::string &structname, const std::string &varname)
{
    reportError(tok, Severity::style, "unusedStructMember", "struct or union member '" + structname + "::" + varname + "' is never used");
}

void CheckOther::passedByValueError(const Token *tok, const std::string &parname)
{
    reportError(tok, Severity::style, "passedByValue", "Function parameter '" + parname + "' is passed by value. It could be passed by reference instead.");
}

void CheckOther::constStatementError(const Token *tok, const std::string &type)
{
    reportError(tok, Severity::style, "constStatement", "Redundant code: Found a statement that begins with " + type + " constant");
}

void CheckOther::charArrayIndexError(const Token *tok)
{
    reportError(tok, Severity::style, "charArrayIndex", "Warning - using char variable as array index");
}

void CheckOther::charBitOpError(const Token *tok)
{
    reportError(tok, Severity::style, "charBitOp", "Warning - using char variable in bit operation");
}

void CheckOther::variableScopeError(const Token *tok, const std::string &varname)
{
    reportError(tok,
                Severity::style,
                "variableScope",
                "The scope of the variable " + varname + " can be reduced\n"
                "Be very careful when you reduce the scope! The logical behaviour can be changed by mistake, for example when reducing the scope in a loop.");
}

void CheckOther::conditionAlwaysTrueFalse(const Token *tok, const std::string &truefalse)
{
    reportError(tok, Severity::style, "conditionAlwaysTrueFalse", "Condition is always " + truefalse);
}

void CheckOther::strPlusChar(const Token *tok)
{
    reportError(tok, Severity::error, "strPlusChar", "Unusual pointer arithmetic");
}

void CheckOther::nullPointerError(const Token *tok)
{
    reportError(tok, Severity::error, "nullPointer", "Null pointer dereference");
}

void CheckOther::nullPointerError(const Token *tok, const std::string &varname)
{
    reportError(tok, Severity::error, "nullPointer", "Possible null pointer dereference: " + varname);
}

void CheckOther::nullPointerError(const Token *tok, const std::string &varname, const int line)
{
    reportError(tok, Severity::error, "nullPointer", "Possible null pointer dereference: " + varname + " - otherwise it is redundant to check if " + varname + " is null at line " + MathLib::toString<long>(line));
}

void CheckOther::uninitstringError(const Token *tok, const std::string &varname)
{
    reportError(tok, Severity::error, "uninitstring", "Dangerous usage of '" + varname + "' (strncpy doesn't always 0-terminate it)");
}

void CheckOther::uninitdataError(const Token *tok, const std::string &varname)
{
    reportError(tok, Severity::error, "uninitdata", "Data is allocated but not initialized: " + varname);
}

void CheckOther::uninitvarError(const Token *tok, const std::string &varname)
{
    reportError(tok, Severity::error, "uninitvar", "Uninitialized variable: " + varname);
}

void CheckOther::zerodivError(const Token *tok)
{
    reportError(tok, Severity::error, "zerodiv", "Division by zero");
}

void CheckOther::mathfunctionCallError(const Token *tok, const unsigned int numParam)
{
    if (tok)
    {
        if (numParam == 1)
            reportError(tok, Severity::error, "wrongmathcall", "Passing value " + tok->tokAt(2)->str() + " to " + tok->str() + "() leads to undefined result");
        else if (numParam == 2)
            reportError(tok, Severity::error, "wrongmathcall", "Passing value " + tok->tokAt(2)->str() + " and " + tok->tokAt(4)->str() + " to " + tok->str() + "() leads to undefined result");
    }
    else
        reportError(tok, Severity::error, "wrongmathcall", "Passing value " " to " "() leads to undefined result");
}

void CheckOther::postIncrementError(const Token *tok, const std::string &var_name, const bool isIncrement)
{
    std::string type = (isIncrement ? "Incrementing" : "Decrementing");
    reportError(tok, Severity::style, "postIncrementDecrement", ("Pre-" + type + " variable '" + var_name + "' is preferred to Post-" + type));
}

void CheckOther::emptyStringTestError(const Token *tok, const std::string &var_name, const bool isTestForEmpty)
{
    if (isTestForEmpty)
    {
        reportError(tok, Severity::style,
                    "emptyStringTest", "Empty string test can be simplified to \"*" + var_name + " == '\\0'\"");
    }
    else
    {
        reportError(tok, Severity::style,
                    "emptyStringTest", "Non-empty string test can be simplified to \"*" + var_name + " != '\\0'\"");
    }
}

void CheckOther::fflushOnInputStreamError(const Token *tok, const std::string &varname)
{
    reportError(tok, Severity::error,
                "fflushOnInputStream", "fflush() called on input stream \"" + varname + "\" may result in undefined behaviour");
}

void CheckOther::emptyCatchBlockError(const Token *tok)
{
    reportError(tok, Severity::style, "emptyCatchBlock", "Empty catch block");
}

void CheckOther::sizeofsizeof()
{
    if (!_settings->_checkCodingStyle)
        return;
    for (const Token *tok = _tokenizer->tokens(); tok; tok = tok->next())
    {
        if (Token::simpleMatch(tok, "sizeof sizeof"))
            sizeofsizeofError(tok);
    }
}

void CheckOther::sizeofsizeofError(const Token *tok)
{
    reportError(tok, Severity::style,
                "sizeofsizeof", "Suspicious code 'sizeof sizeof ..', most likely there should only be one sizeof. The current code is equivalent to 'sizeof(size_t)'.");
}

void CheckOther::redundantAssignmentInSwitchError(const Token *tok, const std::string &varname)
{
    reportError(tok, Severity::style,
                "redundantAssignInSwitch", "Redundant assignment of \"" + varname + "\" in switch");
}