cppcheck/test/testbufferoverrun.cpp

/*
 * Cppcheck - A tool for static C/C++ code analysis
 * Copyright (C) 2007-2010 Daniel Marjamäki and Cppcheck team.
 *
 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */


#include "tokenize.h"
#include "checkbufferoverrun.h"
#include "testsuite.h"

#include <sstream>
#include <climits>

extern std::ostringstream errout;

class TestBufferOverrun : public TestFixture
{
public:
    TestBufferOverrun() : TestFixture("TestBufferOverrun")
    { }

private:



    void check(const char code[], bool showAll = true)
    {
        // Tokenize..
        Tokenizer tokenizer;
        std::istringstream istr(code);
        tokenizer.tokenize(istr, "test.cpp");

        // Assign variable ids
        tokenizer.simplifyTokenList();

        // Fill function list
        tokenizer.fillFunctionList();

        // Clear the error buffer..
        errout.str("");

        // Check for buffer overruns..
        Settings settings;
        settings.inconclusive = showAll;
        settings._checkCodingStyle = true;
        CheckBufferOverrun checkBufferOverrun(&tokenizer, &settings, this);
        checkBufferOverrun.bufferOverrun();
        checkBufferOverrun.negativeIndex();
    }

    void run()
    {
        TEST_CASE(noerr1);
        TEST_CASE(noerr2);
        TEST_CASE(noerr3);
        TEST_CASE(noerr4);

        TEST_CASE(sizeof1);
        TEST_CASE(sizeof2);
        TEST_CASE(sizeof3);

        TEST_CASE(arrayInfo);

        TEST_CASE(array_index_1);
        TEST_CASE(array_index_2);
        TEST_CASE(array_index_3);
        TEST_CASE(array_index_4);
        TEST_CASE(array_index_5);
        TEST_CASE(array_index_6);
        TEST_CASE(array_index_7);
        TEST_CASE(array_index_8);
        TEST_CASE(array_index_9);
        TEST_CASE(array_index_10);
        TEST_CASE(array_index_11);
        TEST_CASE(array_index_12);
        TEST_CASE(array_index_13);
        TEST_CASE(array_index_14);
        TEST_CASE(array_index_15);
        TEST_CASE(array_index_16);
        TEST_CASE(array_index_17);
        TEST_CASE(array_index_18);
        TEST_CASE(array_index_19);
        TEST_CASE(array_index_20);
        TEST_CASE(array_index_21);
        TEST_CASE(array_index_22);
        TEST_CASE(array_index_23);
        TEST_CASE(array_index_24); // ticket #1492 and #1539
        TEST_CASE(array_index_25); // ticket #1536
        TEST_CASE(array_index_26);
        TEST_CASE(array_index_27);
        TEST_CASE(array_index_28); // ticket #1418
        TEST_CASE(array_index_multidim);
        TEST_CASE(array_index_switch_in_for);
        TEST_CASE(array_index_calculation);
        TEST_CASE(array_index_negative);
        TEST_CASE(array_index_for_decr);
        TEST_CASE(array_index_varnames);   // FP: struct member. #1576

        TEST_CASE(buffer_overrun_1);
        TEST_CASE(buffer_overrun_2);
        TEST_CASE(buffer_overrun_3);
        TEST_CASE(buffer_overrun_4);
        TEST_CASE(buffer_overrun_5);
        TEST_CASE(buffer_overrun_6);
        TEST_CASE(buffer_overrun_7);
        TEST_CASE(buffer_overrun_8);
        TEST_CASE(buffer_overrun_9);
        TEST_CASE(buffer_overrun_10);
        TEST_CASE(buffer_overrun_11);
        TEST_CASE(buffer_overrun_12);
        TEST_CASE(buffer_overrun_13);
        TEST_CASE(buffer_overrun_14);

        TEST_CASE(sprintf1);
        TEST_CASE(sprintf2);
        TEST_CASE(sprintf3);
        TEST_CASE(sprintf4);
        TEST_CASE(sprintf5);
        TEST_CASE(sprintf6);

        TEST_CASE(snprintf1);
        TEST_CASE(snprintf2);
        TEST_CASE(snprintf3);
        TEST_CASE(snprintf4);

        TEST_CASE(strncat1);
        TEST_CASE(strncat2);

        TEST_CASE(memfunc);		// memchr/memset/memcpy

        TEST_CASE(varid1);
        TEST_CASE(varid2);

        TEST_CASE(assign1);

        TEST_CASE(alloc1);    // Buffer allocated with new
        TEST_CASE(alloc2);    // Buffer allocated with malloc

        TEST_CASE(memset1);
        TEST_CASE(memset2);
        TEST_CASE(counter_test);
        TEST_CASE(strncpy1);
        TEST_CASE(unknownType);

        TEST_CASE(terminateStrncpy1);
        TEST_CASE(terminateStrncpy2);
        TEST_CASE(recursive_long_time);

        TEST_CASE(crash);	// Ticket #1587 - crash

        TEST_CASE(executionPaths1);
    }



    void noerr1()
    {
        check("extern int ab;\n"
              "void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    if (ab)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "        char str[50];\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    if (ab)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "        char str[50];\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }


    void noerr2()
    {
        check("static char buf[2];\n"
              "void f1(char *str)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    strcpy(buf,str);\n"
              "}\n"
              "void f2(char *str)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    strcat(buf,str);\n"
              "}\n"
              "void f3(char *str)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    sprintf(buf,\"%s\",str);\n"
              "}\n"
              "void f4(const char str[])\n"
              "{\n"
              "    strcpy(buf, str);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }


    void noerr3()
    {
        check("struct { char data[10]; } abc;\n"
              "static char f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char data[1];\n"
              "    return abc.data[1];\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }


    void noerr4()
    {
        // The memory isn't read or written and therefore there is no error.
        check("static void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char data[100];\n"
              "    const char *p = &data[100];\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }




    void sizeof1()
    {
        check("static void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char data[10];\n"
              "    data[ sizeof(*data) ] = 0;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void sizeof2()
    {
        check("static void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char data[10];\n"
              "    data[ sizeof(data[0]) ] = 0;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("static void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int data[2];\n"
              "    data[ sizeof(data[0]) ] = 0;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Array 'data[2]' index 4 out of bounds\n", errout.str());
    }

    void sizeof3()
    {
        check("struct group { int gr_gid; };\n"
              "void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char group[32];\n"
              "    snprintf(group, sizeof(group), \"%u\", 0);\n"
              "    struct group *gr;\n"
              "    snprintf(group, sizeof(group), \"%u\", gr->gr_gid);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }



    void arrayInfo()
    {
        // Tokenize..
        Tokenizer tokenizer;
        std::istringstream istr("XY(1) const int a[2] = { 1, 2 };");
        tokenizer.tokenize(istr, "test.cpp");

        // Clear the error buffer..
        errout.str("");

        tokenizer.simplifySizeof();

        CheckBufferOverrun::ArrayInfo ai;
        ASSERT_EQUALS(false, ai.declare(tokenizer.tokens()->tokAt(5), tokenizer));
    }


    void array_index_1()
    {
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[0x10];\n"
              "    str[15] = 0;\n"
              "    str[16] = 0;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Array 'str[16]' index 16 out of bounds\n", errout.str());

        check("char f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[16];\n"
              "    return str[16];\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Array 'str[16]' index 16 out of bounds\n", errout.str());
    }


    void array_index_2()
    {
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char *str = new char[0x10];\n"
              "    str[15] = 0;\n"
              "    str[16] = 0;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Array 'str[16]' index 16 out of bounds\n", errout.str());
    }


    void array_index_3()
    {
        {
            check("void f()\n"
                  "{\n"
                  "    int val[50];\n"
                  "    int i, sum=0;\n"
                  "    for (i = 0; i < 100; i++)\n"
                  "        sum += val[i];\n"
                  "}\n");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds: val\n", errout.str());
        }

        {
            check("void f()\n"
                  "{\n"
                  "    int val[50];\n"
                  "    int i, sum=0;\n"
                  "    for (i = 1; i < 100; i++)\n"
                  "        sum += val[i];\n"
                  "}\n");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds: val\n", errout.str());
        }


        {
            check("void f(int a)\n"
                  "{\n"
                  "    int val[50];\n"
                  "    int i, sum=0;\n"
                  "    for (i = a; i < 100; i++)\n"
                  "        sum += val[i];\n"
                  "}\n");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds: val\n", errout.str());
        }

        {
            check("typedef struct g g2[3];\n"
                  "void foo(char *a)\n"
                  "{\n"
                  "  for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)\n"
                  "  {\n"
                  "    a[i]=0;\n"
                  "  }\n"
                  "}\n");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        }

        {
            check("void foo(int argc)\n"
                  "{\n"
                  "  char a[2];\n"
                  "  for (int i = 4; i < argc; i++)\n"
                  "  {\n"
                  "  }\n"
                  "}\n");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        }
    }

    void array_index_4()
    {
        check("const int SIZE = 10;\n"
              "void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int i[SIZE];\n"
              "    i[SIZE] = 0;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Array 'i[10]' index 10 out of bounds\n", errout.str());
    }


    void array_index_5()
    {
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int i[10];\n"
              "    i[ sizeof(i) - 1 ] = 0;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Array 'i[10]' index 39 out of bounds\n", errout.str());
    }


    void array_index_6()
    {
        check("struct ABC\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[10];\n"
              "};\n"
              "\n"
              "static void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    struct ABC abc;\n"
              "    abc.str[10] = 0;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:9]: (error) Array 'str[10]' index 10 out of bounds\n", errout.str());

        // This is not out of bounds
        check("struct ABC\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[1];\n"
              "};\n"
              "\n"
              "static void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    struct ABC* x = (struct ABC *)malloc(sizeof(struct ABC) + 10);\n"
              "    x->str[1] = 0;"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("struct foo\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[10];\n"
              "};\n"
              "\n"
              "void x()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    foo f;\n"
              "    for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < 64; ++i )\n"
              "        f.str[i] = 0;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:10]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds: f.str\n", errout.str());
    }


    void array_index_7()
    {
        check("struct ABC\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[10];\n"
              "};\n"
              "\n"
              "static void f(struct ABC *abc)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    abc->str[10] = 0;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:8]: (error) Array 'str[10]' index 10 out of bounds\n", errout.str());
    }


    void array_index_8()
    {
        check("const int SIZE = 10;\n"
              "\n"
              "struct ABC\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[SIZE];\n"
              "};\n"
              "\n"
              "static void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    struct ABC abc;\n"
              "    abc.str[SIZE] = 0;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:11]: (error) Array 'str[10]' index 10 out of bounds\n", errout.str());
    }

    void array_index_9()
    {
        check("static void memclr( char *data )\n"
              "{\n"
              "    data[10] = 0;\n"
              "}\n"
              "\n"
              "static void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[5];\n"
              "    memclr( str );   // ERROR\n"
              "}\n");
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:9] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Array index out of bounds\n", errout.str());
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("static void memclr( int i, char *data )\n"
              "{\n"
              "    data[10] = 0;\n"
              "}\n"
              "\n"
              "static void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[5];\n"
              "    memclr( 0, str );   // ERROR\n"
              "}\n");
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:9] -> [test.cpp:3]: (error) Array index out of bounds\n", errout.str());
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("static void memclr( int i, char *data )\n"
              "{\n"
              "    data[i] = 0;\n"
              "}\n"
              "\n"
              "static void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[5];\n"
              "    memclr( 10, str );   // ERROR\n"
              "}\n");
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:9] -> [test.cpp:3]: (possible error) Array index out of bounds\n", errout.str());
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());	// current result

        // This is not an error
        check("static void memclr( char *data, int size )\n"
              "{\n"
              "    if( size > 10 )"
              "      data[10] = 0;\n"
              "}\n"
              "\n"
              "static void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[5];\n"
              "    memclr( str, 5 );   // ERROR\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }


    void array_index_10()
    {
        check("struct ABC\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[10];\n"
              "};\n"
              "\n"
              "static void memclr( char *data )\n"
              "{\n"
              "    data[10] = 0;\n"
              "}\n"
              "\n"
              "static void f(struct ABC *abc)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    memclr(abc->str);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:13] -> [test.cpp:8]: (possible error) Array index out of bounds\n", errout.str());
    }


    void array_index_11()
    {
        check("class ABC\n"
              "{\n"
              "public:\n"
              "    ABC();\n"
              "    char *str[10];\n"
              "    struct ABC *next();"
              "};\n"
              "\n"
              "static void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    ABC *abc1;\n"
              "    for ( ABC *abc = abc1; abc; abc = abc->next() )\n"
              "    {\n"
              "        abc->str[10] = 0;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:13]: (error) Array 'str[10]' index 10 out of bounds\n", errout.str());
    }


    void array_index_12()
    {
        check("class Fred\n"
              "{\n"
              "private:\n"
              "    char str[10];\n"
              "public:\n"
              "    Fred();\n"
              "};\n"
              "Fred::Fred()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    str[10] = 0;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:10]: (error) Array 'str[10]' index 10 out of bounds\n", errout.str());

        check("class Fred\n"
              "{\n"
              "private:\n"
              "    char str[10];\n"
              "public:\n"
              "    char c();\n"
              "};\n"
              "char Fred::c()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    return str[10];\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:10]: (error) Array 'str[10]' index 10 out of bounds\n", errout.str());
    }

    void array_index_13()
    {
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char buf[10];\n"
              "    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "        if (i < 10)\n"
              "            int x = buf[i];\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void array_index_14()
    {
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int a[10];\n"
              "    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)\n"
              "        a[i+10] = i;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Array 'a[10]' index 19 out of bounds\n", errout.str());
    }

    void array_index_15()
    {
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int a[10];\n"
              "    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)\n"
              "        a[10+i] = i;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Array 'a[10]' index 19 out of bounds\n", errout.str());
    }

    void array_index_16()
    {
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int a[10];\n"
              "    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)\n"
              "        a[i+1] = i;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Array 'a[10]' index 10 out of bounds\n", errout.str());
    }

    void array_index_17()
    {
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int a[10];\n"
              "    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)\n"
              "        a[i*2] = i;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Array 'a[10]' index 18 out of bounds\n", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int a[12];\n"
              "    for (int i = 0; i < 12; i+=6)\n"
              "        a[i+5] = i;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int a[12];\n"
              "    for (int i = 0; i < 12; i+=6)\n"
              "        a[i+6] = i;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Array 'a[12]' index 12 out of bounds\n", errout.str());
    }

    void array_index_18()
    {
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int a[5];\n"
              "    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "        a[i] = i;\n"
              "        i+=1;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int a[5];\n"
              "    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "        a[i] = i;\n"
              "        i++;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int a[5];\n"
              "    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "        a[i] = i;\n"
              "        ++i;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int a[5];\n"
              "    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "        a[i] = i;\n"
              "        i=4;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int a[6];\n"
              "    for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "        a[i] = i;\n"
              "        i+=1;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());	// Catch changes
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6]: (error) Buffer overrun\n", errout.str());
    }

    void array_index_19()
    {
        // "One Past the End" is legal, as long as pointer is not dereferenced.
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "  char a[2];\n"
              "  char *end = &(a[2]);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // Getting more than one past the end is not legal
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "  char a[2];\n"
              "  char *end = &(a[3]);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Array 'a[2]' index 3 out of bounds\n", errout.str());
    }

    void array_index_20()
    {
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              " char a[8];\n"
              " int b[10];\n"
              " for ( int i = 0; i < 9; i++ )\n"
              "  b[i] = 0;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void array_index_21()
    {
        check("class A {\n"
              " int indices[2];\n"
              " void foo(int indices[3]);\n"
              "};\n"
              "\n"
              "void A::foo(int indices[3]) {\n"
              " for(int j=0; j<3; ++j) {\n"
              "  int b = indices[j];\n"
              " }\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void array_index_22()
    {
        check("#include <cstring>\n"
              "int main() {\n"
              "  size_t indices[2];\n"
              "  int b = indices[2];\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Array 'indices[2]' index 2 out of bounds\n", errout.str());
    }

    void array_index_23()
    {
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char c[10];\n"
              "    c[1<<23]='a';\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Array 'c[10]' index 8388608 out of bounds\n", errout.str());
    }

    void array_index_24()
    {
        // ticket #1492 and #1539
        if (CHAR_MAX == SCHAR_MAX) // plain char is signed
        {
            check("void f(char n) {\n"
                  "    int a[n];\n"     // n <= CHAR_MAX
                  "    a[-1] = 0;\n"    // negative index
                  "    a[128] = 0;\n"   // 128 > CHAR_MAX
                  "}\n");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Array 'a[128]' index 128 out of bounds\n"
                          "[test.cpp:3]: (error) Array index -1 is out of bounds\n", errout.str());

        }
        else // plain char is unsigned
        {
            check("void f(char n) {\n"
                  "    int a[n];\n"     // n <= CHAR_MAX
                  "    a[-1] = 0;\n"    // negative index
                  "    a[256] = 0;\n"   // 256 > CHAR_MAX
                  "}\n");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Array 'a[256]' index -1 out of bounds\n"
                          "[test.cpp:4]: (error) Array 'a[256]' index 256 out of bounds\n", errout.str());
        }

        check("void f(signed char n) {\n"
              "    int a[n];\n"     // n <= SCHAR_MAX
              "    a[-1] = 0;\n"    // negative index
              "    a[128] = 0;\n"   // 128 > SCHAR_MAX
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Array 'a[128]' index 128 out of bounds\n"
                      "[test.cpp:3]: (error) Array index -1 is out of bounds\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(unsigned char n) {\n"
              "    int a[n];\n"     // n <= UCHAR_MAX
              "    a[-1] = 0;\n"    // negative index
              "    a[256] = 0;\n"   // 256 > UCHAR_MAX
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Array 'a[256]' index 256 out of bounds\n"
                      "[test.cpp:3]: (error) Array index -1 is out of bounds\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(short n) {\n"
              "    int a[n];\n"     // n <= SHRT_MAX
              "    a[-1] = 0;\n"    // negative index
              "    a[32768] = 0;\n" // 32768 > SHRT_MAX
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Array 'a[32768]' index 32768 out of bounds\n"
                      "[test.cpp:3]: (error) Array index -1 is out of bounds\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(unsigned short n) {\n"
              "    int a[n];\n"     // n <= USHRT_MAX
              "    a[-1] = 0;\n"    // negative index
              "    a[65536] = 0;\n" // 65536 > USHRT_MAX
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Array 'a[65536]' index 65536 out of bounds\n"
                      "[test.cpp:3]: (error) Array index -1 is out of bounds\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(signed short n) {\n"
              "    int a[n];\n"     // n <= SHRT_MAX
              "    a[-1] = 0;\n"    // negative index
              "    a[32768] = 0;\n" // 32768 > SHRT_MAX
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Array 'a[32768]' index 32768 out of bounds\n"
                      "[test.cpp:3]: (error) Array index -1 is out of bounds\n", errout.str());

        if (sizeof(int) == 4)
        {
            check("void f(int n) {\n"
                  "    int a[n];\n"     // n <= INT_MAX
                  "    a[-1] = 0;\n"    // negative index
                  "}\n");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Array index -1 is out of bounds\n", errout.str());

            check("void f(unsigned int n) {\n"
                  "    int a[n];\n"     // n <= UINT_MAX
                  "    a[-1] = 0;\n"    // negative index
                  "}\n");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Array index -1 is out of bounds\n", errout.str());

            check("void f(signed int n) {\n"
                  "    int a[n];\n"     // n <= INT_MAX
                  "    a[-1] = 0;\n"    // negative index
                  "}\n");
            ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Array index -1 is out of bounds\n", errout.str());
        }
    }

    void array_index_25()
    {
        // ticket #1536
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "   long l[SOME_SIZE];\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void array_index_26()
    {
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int a[3];\n"
              "    for (int i = 3; 0 <= i; i--)\n"
              "        a[i] = i;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds: a\n", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int a[4];\n"
              "    for (int i = 3; 0 <= i; i--)\n"
              "        a[i] = i;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void array_index_27()
    {
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int a[10];\n"
              "    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)\n"
              "        a[i-1] = a[i];\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Array 'a[10]' index -1 out of bounds\n", errout.str());
    }

    void array_index_28()
    {
        // ticket #1418
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int i[2];\n"
              "    int *ip = &i[1];\n"
              "    ip[-10] = 1;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Array ip[-10] out of bounds\n", errout.str());
    }

    void array_index_multidim()
    {
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "  char a[2][2];\n"
              "  a[1][1] = 'a';\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "  char a[2][2][2];\n"
              "  a[1][1][1] = 'a';\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "  char a[2][2];\n"
              "  a[2][1] = 'a';\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Array 'a[2][2]' index a[2][1] out of bounds\n", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "  char a[2][2];\n"
              "  a[1][2] = 'a';\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Array 'a[2][2]' index a[1][2] out of bounds\n", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "  char a[2][2][2];\n"
              "  a[2][1][1] = 'a';\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Array 'a[2][2][2]' index a[2][1][1] out of bounds\n", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "  char a[2][2][2];\n"
              "  a[1][2][1] = 'a';\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Array 'a[2][2][2]' index a[1][2][1] out of bounds\n", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "  char a[2][2][2][2];\n"
              "  a[1][2][1][1] = 'a';\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Array 'a[2][2][2][2]' index a[1][2][1][1] out of bounds\n", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "  char a[2][2][2];\n"
              "  a[1][1][2] = 'a';\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Array 'a[2][2][2]' index a[1][1][2] out of bounds\n", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "  char a[10][10][10];\n"
              "  a[2*3][4*3][2] = 'a';\n"
              "}\n");
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Array 'a[10][10][10]' index a[6][12][2] out of bounds\n", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "  int i=2;\n"
              "  int ii=10;\n"
              "  char a[ii][ii][ii];\n"
              "  a[i*3][4*ii][ii] = 'a';\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6]: (error) Array 'a[10][10][10]' index a[6][40][10] out of bounds\n", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "  int i=2;\n"
              "  int ii=1;\n"
              "  char a[ii][ii][ii];\n"
              "  a[i][i][i] = 'a';\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6]: (error) Array 'a[1][1][1]' index a[2][2][2] out of bounds\n", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "  int i=2;\n"
              "  int ii=i*3;\n"
              "  char a[ii][ii][ii];\n"
              "  a[i*3][i*3][i] = 'a';\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6]: (error) Array 'a[6][6][6]' index a[6][6][2] out of bounds\n", errout.str());


    }

    void array_index_switch_in_for()
    {
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              " int ar[10];\n"
              " for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)\n"
              " {\n"
              "  switch(i)\n"
              "  {\n"
              "   case 9:\n"
              "    ar[i] = 0;\n"
              "    break;\n"
              "   default:\n"
              "    ar[i] = ar[i+1];\n"
              "    break;\n"
              "  };\n"
              " }\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              " int ar[10];\n"
              " for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)\n"
              " {\n"
              "  switch(i)\n"
              "  {\n"
              "   case 8:\n"
              "    ar[i] = 0;\n"
              "    break;\n"
              "   default:\n"
              "    ar[i] = ar[i+1];\n"
              "    break;\n"
              "  };\n"
              " }\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:12]: (error) Array index out of bounds\n", errout.str());
    }

    void array_index_calculation()
    {
        // #1193 - false negative: array out of bounds in loop when there is calculation
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char data[8];\n"
              "    for (int i = 19; i < 36; ++i) {\n"
              "        data[(i-0)/2] = 0;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Array index out of bounds\n", errout.str());
    }

    void array_index_negative()
    {
        // #948 - array index out of bound not detected 'a[-1] = 0'
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char data[8];\n"
              "    data[-1] = 0;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Array index -1 is out of bounds\n", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char data[8][4];\n"
              "    data[5][-1] = 0;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Array index -1 is out of bounds\n", errout.str());

        // #1614 - negative index is ok for pointers
        check("void foo(char *p)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    p[-1] = 0;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char s[] = \"abc\";\n"
              "    char *p = s + strlen(s);\n"
              "    if (p[-1]);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void array_index_for_decr()
    {
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char data[8];\n"
              "    for (int i = 10; i > 0; --i) {\n"
              "        data[i] = 0;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds: data\n", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char val[5];\n"
              "    for (unsigned int i = 3; i < 5; --i) {\n"
              "        val[i+1] = val[i];\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char val[5];\n"
              "    for (int i = 3; i < 5; --i) {\n"
              "        val[i+1] = val[i];\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());	// catch changes
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Array 'val[5]' index -1 out of bounds\n", errout.str());
    }


    void array_index_varnames()
    {
        check("struct A {\n"
              "    char data[4];\n"
              "    struct B { char data[3]; };\n"
              "    B b;\n"
              "};\n"
              "\n"
              "void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    A a;\n"
              "    a.data[3] = 0;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }


    void buffer_overrun_1()
    {
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[3];\n"
              "    strcpy(str, \"abc\");\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds: str\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int fd)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[3];\n"
              "    read(fd, str, 3);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(int fd)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[3];\n"
              "    read(fd, str, 4);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds: str\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int fd)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[3];\n"
              "    write(fd, str, 3);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(int fd)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[3];\n"
              "    write(fd, str, 4);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds: str\n", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    long bb[2];\n"
              "    write(stdin, bb, sizeof(bb));\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[3];\n"
              "    fgets(str, 3, stdin);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[3];\n"
              "    fgets(str, 4, stdin);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds: str\n", errout.str());

        // fread
        check("void f(FILE* fd)\n"
              "{\n"
              "char str[3];\n"
              "fread(str,sizeof(char),4,fd);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds: str\n", errout.str());

        // fread
        check("void f(FILE* fd)\n"
              "{\n"
              "unsigned int i = 3;\n"
              "char str[i];\n"
              "fread(str,sizeof(char),i+1,fd);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());	// catch changes
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(FILE* fd)\n"
              "{\n"
              "char str[3*sizeof(char)];\n"
              "fread(str,sizeof(char),3,fd);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // fwrite
        check("void f(FILE* fd)\n"
              "{\n"
              "char str[3];\n"
              "fwrite(str,sizeof(char),4,fd);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds: str\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(FILE* fd)\n"
              "{\n"
              "unsigned int i = 3;\n"
              "char str[i];\n"
              "fwrite(str,sizeof(char),i+1,fd);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());	// catch changes
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(FILE* fd)\n"
              "{\n"
              "char str[3*sizeof(char)];\n"
              "fwrite(str,sizeof(char),3,fd);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

    }


    void buffer_overrun_2()
    {
        check("struct ABC\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[5];\n"
              "};\n"
              "\n"
              "static void f(struct ABC *abc)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    strcpy( abc->str, \"abcdef\" );\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:8]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds: abc.str\n", errout.str());
    }


    void buffer_overrun_3()
    {
        check("int a[10];\n"
              "\n"
              "void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int i;\n"
              "    for (i = 0; i <= 10; ++i)\n"
              "        a[i] = 0;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds: a\n", errout.str());
    }


    void buffer_overrun_4()
    {
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    const char *p[2];\n"
              "    for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i)\n"
              "        p[i] = 0;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds: p\n", errout.str());

        // No false positive
        check("void foo(int x, int y)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    const char *p[2];\n"
              "    const char *s = y + p[1];\n"
              "    p[1] = 0;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // There is no error here
        check("void f1(char *s,int size)\n"
              "{\n"
              "  if( size > 10 ) strcpy(s,\"abc\");\n"
              "}\n"
              "void f2()\n"
              "{\n"
              "  char s[3];\n"
              "  f1(s,3);\n"
              "}\n");
        //ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (possible error) Buffer access out-of-bounds\n", errout.str());
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f1(char *s,int size)\n"
              "{\n"
              "  if( size > 10 ) strcpy(s,\"abc\");\n"
              "}\n"
              "void f2()\n"
              "{\n"
              "  char s[3];\n"
              "  f1(s,3);\n"
              "}\n", false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void buffer_overrun_5()
    {
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char n[5];\n"
              "    sprintf(n, \"d\");\n"
              "    printf(\"hello!\");\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void buffer_overrun_6()
    {
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "   char n[5];\n"
              "   strcat(n, \"abc\");\n"
              "   strcat(n, \"def\");\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds: n\n", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "   char n[5];\n"
              "   strcat(strcat(n, \"abc\"), \"def\");\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds: n\n", errout.str());
    }

    void buffer_overrun_7()
    {
        // ticket #731
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char a[2];\n"
              "    strcpy(a, \"a\\0\");\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void buffer_overrun_8()
    {
        // ticket #714
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char a[5];\n"
              "    for (int i = 0; i < 20; i+= 100)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "        a[i] = 0;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char a[5];\n"
              "    for (int i = 0; i < 20; i = i + 100)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "        a[i] = 0;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char a[5];\n"
              "    for (int i = 0; i < 20; i = 100 + i)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "        a[i] = 0;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void buffer_overrun_9()
    {
        // ticket #738
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char a[5];\n"
              "    for (int i = 0; i < 20; )\n"
              "    {\n"
              "        a[i] = 0;\n"
              "        i += 100;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void buffer_overrun_10()
    {
        // ticket #740
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char a[4];\n"
              "    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "        char b = a[i];\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void buffer_overrun_11()
    {
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char a[4];\n"
              "    for (float i=0; i<10.0;i+=0.1)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char a[4];\n"
              "    for (float i=0; i<10.0;i=i+0.1)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char a[4];\n"
              "    for (float i=0; i<10.0;i=0.1+i)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void buffer_overrun_12()
    {
        // ticket #900
        check("void f() {\n"
              "  char *a = new char(30);\n"
              "  sprintf(a, \"%s\", \"b\");\n"
              "  delete a;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds\n", errout.str());
    }

    void buffer_overrun_13()
    {
        // ticket #836
        check("void f() {\n"
              "  char a[10];\n"
              "  memset(a+5, 0, 10);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds: a\n", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "  char a[10];\n"
              "  memmove(a, a+5, 10);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds: a\n", errout.str());
    }

    void buffer_overrun_14()
    {
        check("void f(char *a) {\n"
              "  char *b = new char[strlen(a)];\n"
              "  strcpy(b, a);\n"
              "  return b;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds\n", errout.str());
        
        check("void f(char *a) {\n"
              "  char *b = new char[strlen(a) + 1];\n"
              "  strcpy(b, a);\n"
              "  return b;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        
        check("void f(char *a) {\n"
              "  char *b = new char[strlen(a)];\n"
              "  a[0] = '\\0';\n"
              "  strcpy(b, a);\n"
              "  return b;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        
        check("void f(char *a) {\n"
              "  char *b = malloc(strlen(a));\n"
              "  b = realloc(b, 10000);\n"
              "  strcpy(b, a);\n"
              "  return b;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(char *a) {\n"
              "  char *b = malloc(strlen(a));\n"
              "  strcpy(b, a);\n"
              "  return b;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds\n", errout.str());
        
        check("void f(char *a) {\n"
              "  char *b = malloc(strlen(a));\n"
              "  if (1) {\n"
              "    strcpy(b, a);\n"
              "  }\n"
              "  return b;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds\n", errout.str());
              
        check("void f(char *a) {\n"
              "  char *b = malloc(strlen(a) + 1);\n"
              "  strcpy(b, a);\n"
              "  return b;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        
        check("void f(char *a, char *c) {\n"
              "  char *b = realloc(c, strlen(a));\n"
              "  strcpy(b, a);\n"
              "  return b;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds\n", errout.str());
        
        check("void f(char *a, char *c) {\n"
              "  char *b = realloc(c, strlen(a) + 1);\n"
              "  strcpy(b, a);\n"
              "  return b;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        
        check("void f(char *a) {\n"
              "  char *b = malloc(strlen(a));\n"
              "  sprintf(b, \"%s\", a);\n"
              "  return b;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds\n", errout.str());
    }

    void sprintf1()
    {
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[3];\n"
              "    sprintf(str, \"%s\", \"abc\");\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds\n", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char * c = new char[10];\n"
              "    sprintf(c, \"%s\", \"/usr/LongLongLongLongUserName/bin/LongLongApplicationName\");\n"
              "    delete [] c;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds\n", errout.str());
    }

    void sprintf2()
    {
        check("int getnumber();\n"
              "void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[5];\n"
              "    sprintf(str, \"%d: %s\", getnumber(), \"abcde\");\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds\n", errout.str());
    }

    void sprintf3()
    {
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[3];\n"
              "    sprintf(str, \"test\");\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds\n", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[5];\n"
              "    sprintf(str, \"test%s\", \"\");\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void sprintf4()
    {
        // ticket #690
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char a[3];\n"
              "    sprintf(a, \"%02ld\", 99);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void sprintf5()
    {
        // ticket #729
        check("void f(int condition)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char buf[3];\n"
              "    sprintf(buf, \"%s\", condition ? \"11\" : \"22\");\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void sprintf6()
    {
        check("void f(int condition)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char buf[3];\n"
              "    sprintf(buf, \"%s\", condition ? \"11\" : \"222\");\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());	// catch changes
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds\n", errout.str());
    }

    void snprintf1()
    {
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[5];\n"
              "    snprintf(str, 10, \"%s\", \"abc\");\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) snprintf size is out of bounds\n", errout.str());
    }

    void snprintf2()
    {
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[5];\n"
              "    snprintf(str, 5, \"%s\", \"abc\");\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void snprintf3()
    {
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[5];\n"
              "    snprintf(str, sizeof str, \"%s\", \"abc\");\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void snprintf4()
    {
        check("void f(int x)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[5];\n"
              "    snprintf(str, 8 - x, \"abcdefghijkl\");\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }




    void strncat1()
    {
        check("void f(char *a, char *b)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[16];\n"
              "    strncpy(str, a, 10);\n"
              "    strncat(str, b, 10);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (style) Dangerous usage of strncat. Tip: the 3rd parameter means maximum number of characters to append\n", errout.str());
    }

    void strncat2()
    {
        check("void f(char *a)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[5];\n"
              "    strncat(str, a, 5);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (style) Dangerous usage of strncat. Tip: the 3rd parameter means maximum number of characters to append\n", errout.str());
    }



    // memchr/memset/memcpy/etc
    void memfunc()
    {
        check("struct S {\n"
              "    char a[5];\n"
              "};\n"
              "void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    S s;\n"
              "    memset(s.a, 0, 10);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds: s.a\n", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[5];\n"
              "    memset(str, 0, 10);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds: str\n", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char a[5], b[50];\n"
              "    memcpy(a, b, 10);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds: a\n", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char a[5], b[50];\n"
              "    memmove(a, b, 10);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds: a\n", errout.str());

        // When this TODO assertion works, ticket #909 can probably be closed
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char a[5], b[50];\n"
              "    memchr(a, b, 10);\n"
              "}\n");
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds\n", errout.str());
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }


    void varid1()
    {
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[10];\n"
              "    if (str[0])\n"
              "    {\n"
              "        char str[50];\n"
              "        str[30] = 0;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }


    void varid2()
    {
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char str[10];\n"
              "    if (str[0])\n"
              "    {\n"
              "        char str[50];\n"
              "        memset(str,0,50);\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void assign1()
    {
        check("char str[3] = {'a', 'b', 'c'};\n"
              "\n"
              "void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    str[3] = 0;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Array 'str[3]' index 3 out of bounds\n", errout.str());
    }

    void alloc1()
    {
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char *s = new char[10];\n"
              "    s[10] = 0;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Array 's[10]' index 10 out of bounds\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "char * buf = new char[8];\n"
              "buf[7] = 0;\n"
              "delete [] buf;\n"
              "buf = new char[9];\n"
              "buf[8] = 0;\n"
              "delete [] buf;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "char * buf = new char[8];\n"
              "buf[7] = 0;\n"
              "delete [] buf;\n"
              "buf = new char[9];\n"
              "buf[9] = 0;\n"
              "delete [] buf;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7]: (error) Array 'buf[9]' index 9 out of bounds\n", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "  int *tab4 = malloc(20 * sizeof(int));\n"
              "  tab4[19] = 0;\n"
              "  free(tab4);\n"
              "  tab4 = malloc(21 * sizeof(int));\n"
              "  tab4[20] = 0;\n"
              "  free(tab4);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "  int *tab4 = malloc(20 * sizeof(int));\n"
              "  tab4[19] = 0;\n"
              "  tab4 = realloc(tab4,21 * sizeof(int));\n"
              "  tab4[20] = 0;\n"
              "  free(tab4);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    // data is allocated with malloc
    void alloc2()
    {
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char *s = (char *)malloc(10);\n"
              "    s[10] = 0;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Array 's[10]' index 10 out of bounds\n", errout.str());

        // ticket #842
        check("void f() {\n"
              "    int *tab4 = malloc(20 * sizeof(int));\n"
              "    tab4[20] = 0;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Array 'tab4[20]' index 20 out of bounds\n", errout.str());

        // ticket #1134
        check("void f() {\n"
              "    int *x, i;\n"
              "    x = malloc(10 * sizeof(int));\n"
              "    x[10] = 0;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Array 'x[10]' index 10 out of bounds\n", errout.str());
    }

    void memset1()
    {
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char s[10];\n"
              "    memset(s, 5, '*');\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (style) The size argument is given as a char constant\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int* x[5];\n"
              "    memset(x, 0, sizeof(x));\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void memset2()
    {
        check("class X {\n"
              "    char* array[2];\n"
              "    X();\n"
              "};\n"
              "X::X() {\n"
              "    memset(array, 0, sizeof(array));\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void counter_test()
    {
        std::list<const Token*> unknownParameter;
        unknownParameter.push_back(0);

        ASSERT_EQUALS(6, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("Hello", unknownParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(2, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("s", unknownParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(2, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("i", unknownParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(2, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%d", unknownParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(2, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%1d", unknownParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(3, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%2.2d", unknownParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(1, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%s", unknownParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(2, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("f%s", unknownParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(1, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%-s", unknownParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(6, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%-5s", unknownParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(2, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("\\\"", unknownParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(7, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("Hello \\0Text", unknownParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(1, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("\\0", unknownParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(2, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%%", unknownParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(3, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%d%d", unknownParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(3, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("\\\\a%s\\0a", unknownParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(10, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("\\\\\\\\Hello%d \\0Text\\\\\\\\", unknownParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(4, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%%%%%d", unknownParameter));

        Token strTok(0);
        strTok.str("\"12345\"");
        std::list<const Token*> stringAsParameter;
        stringAsParameter.push_back(&strTok);
        ASSERT_EQUALS(9, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("str%s", stringAsParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(6, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%-4s", stringAsParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(6, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%-5s", stringAsParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(7, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%-6s", stringAsParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(5, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%.4s", stringAsParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(6, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%.5s", stringAsParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(6, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%.6s", stringAsParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(6, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%5.6s", stringAsParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(7, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%6.6s", stringAsParameter));

        std::list<const Token*> intAsParameter;
        Token numTok(0);
        numTok.str("12345");
        intAsParameter.push_back(&numTok);
        ASSERT_EQUALS(6, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%02ld", intAsParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(9, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%08ld", intAsParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(6, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%.2d", intAsParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(9, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%08.2d", intAsParameter));
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS(5, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%x", intAsParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(5, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%4x", intAsParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(6, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%5x", intAsParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(5, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%.4x", intAsParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(6, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%.5x", intAsParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(6, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%1.5x", intAsParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(6, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%5.1x", intAsParameter));

        std::list<const Token*> floatAsParameter;
        Token floatTok(0);
        floatTok.str("1.12345f");
        floatAsParameter.push_back(&floatTok);
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS(5, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%.2f", floatAsParameter));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(9, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%8.2f", floatAsParameter));
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS(5, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%2.2f", floatAsParameter));

        std::list<const Token*> floatAsParameter2;
        Token floatTok2(0);
        floatTok2.str("100.12345f");
        floatAsParameter2.push_back(&floatTok2);
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS(7, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%2.2f", floatAsParameter2));
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS(7, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%.2f", floatAsParameter));
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS(7, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("%4.2f", floatAsParameter));

        std::list<const Token*> multipleParams;
        multipleParams.push_back(&strTok);
        multipleParams.push_back(0);
        multipleParams.push_back(&numTok);
        ASSERT_EQUALS(15, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("str%s%d%d", multipleParams));
        ASSERT_EQUALS(26, CheckBufferOverrun::countSprintfLength("str%-6s%08ld%08ld", multipleParams));

    }

    void strncpy1()
    {
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char a[6];\n"
              "    char c[7];\n"
              "    strcpy(a, \"hello\");\n"
              "    strncpy(c, a, sizeof(c));\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              " char a[6];\n"
              " char c[6];\n"
              " strcpy(a,\"hello\");\n"
              " strncpy(c,a,sizeof(c));\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              " char a[6];\n"
              " char c[5];\n"
              " strcpy(a,\"hello\");\n"
              " strncpy(c,a,sizeof(c)+1);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds: c\n", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              " char c[6];\n"
              " strncpy(c,\"hello!\",sizeof(c));\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char c[6];\n"
              "    strncpy(c,\"hello!\",sizeof(c)+1);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Buffer access out-of-bounds: c\n", errout.str());

        check("struct AB { char a[10]; };\n"
              "void foo(AB *ab)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    strncpy(x, ab->a, 100);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void unknownType()
    {
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              " UnknownType *a = malloc(4);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void terminateStrncpy1()
    {
        check("void foo ( char *bar )\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char baz[100];\n"
              "    strncpy(baz, bar, sizeof(baz));\n"
              "    strncpy(baz, bar, sizeof(baz));\n"
              "    baz[99] = 0;\n"
              "    strncpy(baz, bar, sizeof(baz));\n"
              "    baz[sizeof(baz)-1] = 0;\n"
              "    strncpy(baz, bar, sizeof(baz));\n"
              "    *(baz + 99) = 0;\n"
              "    strncpy(baz, bar, sizeof(baz));\n"
              "    bar[99] = 0;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (style) After a strncpy() the buffer should be zero-terminated\n", errout.str());

        // Test with invalid code that there is no segfault
        check("char baz[100];\n"
              "strncpy(baz, \"var\", sizeof(baz))\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // Test that there are no duplicate error messages
        check("void foo ( char *bar )\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char baz[100];\n"
              "    strncpy(baz, bar, sizeof(baz));\n"
              "    foo(baz);\n"
              "    foo(baz);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (style) After a strncpy() the buffer should be zero-terminated\n", errout.str());
    }

    void terminateStrncpy2()
    {
        check("char *foo ( char *bar )\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char baz[100];\n"
              "    strncpy(baz, bar, sizeof(baz));\n"
              "    bar[99] = 0;\n"
              "    return baz;\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (style) After a strncpy() the buffer should be zero-terminated\n", errout.str());
    }

    void recursive_long_time()
    {
        // Just test that recursive check doesn't take long time
        check("char *f2 ( char *b )\n"
              "{\n"
              "    f2( b );\n"
              "    f2( b );\n"
              "    f2( b );\n"
              "    f2( b );\n"
              "    f2( b );\n"
              "    f2( b );\n"
              "    f2( b );\n"
              "    f2( b );\n"
              "    f2( b );\n"
              "    f2( b );\n"
              "    f2( b );\n"
              "    f2( b );\n"
              "    f2( b );\n"
              "    f2( b );\n"
              "    f2( b );\n"
              "}\n"
              "void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    char a[10];\n"
              "    f2(a);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }


    // Ticket #1587 - crash
    void crash()
    {
        check("struct struct A\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int alloclen;\n"
              "};\n"
              "\n"
              "void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    struct A *str;\n"
              "    str = malloc(4);\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }



    void epcheck(const char code[])
    {
        // Tokenize..
        Tokenizer tokenizer;
        std::istringstream istr(code);
        tokenizer.tokenize(istr, "test.cpp");
        tokenizer.simplifyTokenList();

        // Clear the error buffer..
        errout.str("");

        // Check for buffer overruns..
        Settings settings;
        CheckBufferOverrun checkBufferOverrun(&tokenizer, &settings, this);
        checkBufferOverrun.executionPaths();
    }


    void executionPaths1()
    {
        epcheck("void f(int a)\n"
                "{\n"
                "    int buf[10];\n"
                "    int i = 5;\n"
                "    if (a == 1)\n"
                "        i = 1000;\n"
                "    buf[i] = 0;\n"
                "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7]: (error) Array 'buf[10]' index 1000 out of bounds\n", errout.str());

        epcheck("void f(int a)\n"
                "{\n"
                "    int buf[10][5];\n"
                "    int i = 5;\n"
                "    if (a == 1)\n"
                "        i = 1000;\n"
                "    buf[i][0] = 0;\n"
                "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7]: (error) Array 'buf[10][5]' index 1000 out of bounds\n", errout.str());
    }
};

REGISTER_TEST(TestBufferOverrun)