cppcheck/test/testother.cpp

/*
 * Cppcheck - A tool for static C/C++ code analysis
 * Copyright (C) 2007-2013 Daniel Marjamäki and Cppcheck team.
 *
 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

#include "preprocessor.h"
#include "tokenize.h"
#include "checkother.h"
#include "testsuite.h"
#include <sstream>

extern std::ostringstream errout;

class TestOther : public TestFixture {
public:
    TestOther() : TestFixture("TestOther")
    { }

private:


    void run() {
        TEST_CASE(oppositeInnerCondition);
        TEST_CASE(emptyBrackets);

        TEST_CASE(zeroDiv1);
        TEST_CASE(zeroDiv2);
        TEST_CASE(zeroDiv3);
        TEST_CASE(zeroDiv4);
        TEST_CASE(zeroDiv5);
        TEST_CASE(zeroDiv6);

        TEST_CASE(sprintf1);        // Dangerous usage of sprintf
        TEST_CASE(sprintf2);
        TEST_CASE(sprintf3);
        TEST_CASE(sprintf4);        // struct member

        TEST_CASE(strPlusChar1);     // "/usr" + '/'
        TEST_CASE(strPlusChar2);     // "/usr" + ch
        TEST_CASE(strPlusChar3);     // ok: path + "/sub" + '/'

        TEST_CASE(varScope1);
        TEST_CASE(varScope2);
        TEST_CASE(varScope3);
        TEST_CASE(varScope4);
        TEST_CASE(varScope5);
        TEST_CASE(varScope6);
        TEST_CASE(varScope7);
        TEST_CASE(varScope8);
        TEST_CASE(varScope9);       // classes may have extra side-effects
        TEST_CASE(varScope10);      // Undefined macro FOR
        TEST_CASE(varScope11);      // #2475 - struct initialization is not inner scope
        TEST_CASE(varScope12);
        TEST_CASE(varScope13);      // variable usage in inner loop
        TEST_CASE(varScope14);
        TEST_CASE(varScope15);      // #4573 if-else-if
        TEST_CASE(varScope16);
        TEST_CASE(varScope17);
        TEST_CASE(varScope18);

        TEST_CASE(oldStylePointerCast);
        TEST_CASE(invalidPointerCast);

        TEST_CASE(dangerousStrolUsage);

        TEST_CASE(passedByValue);

        TEST_CASE(mathfunctionCall1);
        TEST_CASE(cctypefunctionCall);

        TEST_CASE(switchRedundantAssignmentTest);
        TEST_CASE(switchRedundantOperationTest);
        TEST_CASE(switchRedundantBitwiseOperationTest);
        TEST_CASE(switchFallThroughCase);
        TEST_CASE(unreachableCode);

        TEST_CASE(suspiciousCase);
        TEST_CASE(suspiciousEqualityComparison);

        TEST_CASE(selfAssignment);
        TEST_CASE(trac1132);
        TEST_CASE(testMisusedScopeObjectDoesNotPickFunction1);
        TEST_CASE(testMisusedScopeObjectDoesNotPickFunction2);
        TEST_CASE(testMisusedScopeObjectPicksClass);
        TEST_CASE(testMisusedScopeObjectPicksStruct);
        TEST_CASE(testMisusedScopeObjectDoesNotPickIf);
        TEST_CASE(testMisusedScopeObjectDoesNotPickConstructorDeclaration);
        TEST_CASE(testMisusedScopeObjectDoesNotPickFunctor);
        TEST_CASE(testMisusedScopeObjectDoesNotPickLocalClassConstructors);
        TEST_CASE(testMisusedScopeObjectDoesNotPickUsedObject);
        TEST_CASE(testMisusedScopeObjectDoesNotPickPureC);
        TEST_CASE(testMisusedScopeObjectDoesNotPickNestedClass);
        TEST_CASE(trac2071);
        TEST_CASE(trac2084);
        TEST_CASE(trac3693);

        TEST_CASE(assignmentInAssert);

        TEST_CASE(modulo);

        TEST_CASE(incorrectLogicOperator1);
        TEST_CASE(incorrectLogicOperator2);
        TEST_CASE(incorrectLogicOperator3);
        TEST_CASE(secondAlwaysTrueFalseWhenFirstTrueError);
        TEST_CASE(incorrectLogicOp_condSwapping);
        TEST_CASE(sameExpression);

        TEST_CASE(memsetZeroBytes);

        TEST_CASE(redundantGetAndSetUserId);

        TEST_CASE(clarifyCalculation);
        TEST_CASE(clarifyStatement);

        TEST_CASE(clarifyCondition1);     // if (a = b() < 0)
        TEST_CASE(clarifyCondition2);     // if (a & b == c)
        TEST_CASE(clarifyCondition3);     // if (! a & b)
        TEST_CASE(clarifyCondition4);     // ticket #3110
        TEST_CASE(clarifyCondition5);     // #3609 CWinTraits<WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE>..
        TEST_CASE(clarifyCondition6);     // #3818

        TEST_CASE(incorrectStringCompare);

        TEST_CASE(duplicateIf);
        TEST_CASE(duplicateIf1); // ticket 3689
        TEST_CASE(duplicateBranch);
        TEST_CASE(duplicateBranch1); // tests extracted by http://www.viva64.com/en/b/0149/ ( Comparison between PVS-Studio and cppcheck ): Errors detected in Quake 3: Arena by PVS-Studio: Fragement 2
        TEST_CASE(duplicateBranch2); // empty macro
        TEST_CASE(duplicateExpression1);
        TEST_CASE(duplicateExpression2); // ticket #2730
        TEST_CASE(duplicateExpression3); // ticket #3317
        TEST_CASE(duplicateExpression4); // ticket #3354 (++)
        TEST_CASE(duplicateExpression5); // ticket #3749 (macros with same values)
        TEST_CASE(duplicateExpression6); // ticket #4639

        TEST_CASE(alwaysTrueFalseStringCompare);
        TEST_CASE(suspiciousStringCompare);
        TEST_CASE(checkSignOfUnsignedVariable);
        TEST_CASE(checkSignOfPointer);

        TEST_CASE(checkForSuspiciousSemicolon1);
        TEST_CASE(checkForSuspiciousSemicolon2);

        TEST_CASE(checkDoubleFree);
        TEST_CASE(checkInvalidFree);

        TEST_CASE(checkRedundantCopy);

        TEST_CASE(checkNegativeShift);

        TEST_CASE(incompleteArrayFill);

        TEST_CASE(redundantVarAssignment);
        TEST_CASE(redundantMemWrite);

        TEST_CASE(varFuncNullUB);

        TEST_CASE(checkPipeParameterSize); // ticket #3521

        TEST_CASE(checkCastIntToCharAndBack); // ticket #160

        TEST_CASE(checkSleepTimeIntervall)
    }

    void check(const char code[], const char *filename = NULL, bool experimental = false, bool inconclusive = true, bool posix = false) {
        // Clear the error buffer..
        errout.str("");

        Settings settings;
        settings.addEnabled("style");
        settings.addEnabled("warning");
        settings.addEnabled("portability");
        settings.addEnabled("performance");
        settings.inconclusive = inconclusive;
        settings.experimental = experimental;
        settings.standards.posix = posix;

        // Tokenize..
        Tokenizer tokenizer(&settings, this);
        std::istringstream istr(code);
        tokenizer.tokenize(istr, filename ? filename : "test.cpp");

        // Check..
        CheckOther checkOther(&tokenizer, &settings, this);
        checkOther.runChecks(&tokenizer, &settings, this);

        // Simplify token list..
        tokenizer.simplifyTokenList();
        checkOther.runSimplifiedChecks(&tokenizer, &settings, this);
    }

    class SimpleSuppressor: public ErrorLogger {
    public:
        SimpleSuppressor(Settings &settings, ErrorLogger *next)
            : _settings(settings), _next(next)
        { }
        virtual void reportOut(const std::string &outmsg) {
            _next->reportOut(outmsg);
        }
        virtual void reportErr(const ErrorLogger::ErrorMessage &msg) {
            if (!msg._callStack.empty() && !_settings.nomsg.isSuppressed(msg._id, msg._callStack.begin()->getfile(), msg._callStack.begin()->line))
                _next->reportErr(msg);
        }
    private:
        Settings &_settings;
        ErrorLogger *_next;
    };

    void check_preprocess_suppress(const char precode[], const char *filename = NULL) {
        // Clear the error buffer..
        errout.str("");

        if (filename == NULL)
            filename = "test.cpp";

        Settings settings;
        settings.addEnabled("warning");
        settings.addEnabled("style");
        settings.addEnabled("performance");
        settings.experimental = true;

        // Preprocess file..
        SimpleSuppressor logger(settings, this);
        Preprocessor preprocessor(&settings, &logger);
        std::list<std::string> configurations;
        std::string filedata = "";
        std::istringstream fin(precode);
        preprocessor.preprocess(fin, filedata, configurations, filename, settings._includePaths);
        const std::string code = preprocessor.getcode(filedata, "", filename);

        // Tokenize..
        Tokenizer tokenizer(&settings, &logger);
        std::istringstream istr(code);
        tokenizer.tokenize(istr, filename);
        tokenizer.simplifyGoto();

        // Check..
        CheckOther checkOther(&tokenizer, &settings, &logger);
        checkOther.checkSwitchCaseFallThrough();
        checkOther.checkAlwaysTrueOrFalseStringCompare();

        logger.reportUnmatchedSuppressions(settings.nomsg.getUnmatchedLocalSuppressions(filename));
    }


    void oppositeInnerCondition() {
        check("void foo(int a, int b)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    if(a==b)\n"
              "        if(a!=b)\n"
              "            cout << a;\n"
              "}", "test.cpp", true, true);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (warning, inconclusive) Opposite conditions in nested 'if' blocks lead to a dead code block.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int i)\n"
              "{\n"
              "   if(i > 5) {\n"
              "       i = bar();\n"
              "       if(i < 5) {\n"
              "           cout << a;\n"
              "       }\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}", "test.cpp", true, true);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());


        check("void foo(int& i)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    i=6;\n"
              "}\n"
              "void bar(int i)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    if(i>5){\n"
              "        foo(i);\n"
              "        if(i<5){\n"
              "        }\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}", "test.cpp", true, true);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void emptyBrackets() {
        check("{\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }


    void zeroDiv1() {
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int a = 0;\n"
              "    double b = 1.;\n"
              "    cout<<b/a;\n"
              "}");


        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Division by zero.\n", errout.str());
    }

    void zeroDiv2() {
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int sum = 0;\n"
              "    int n = 100;\n"
              "    for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "        sum += i;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    cout<<b/sum;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int a = 0 ? (2/0) : 0;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void zeroDiv3() {
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "   div_t divresult = div (1,0);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Division by zero.\n", errout.str());
    }

    void zeroDiv4() {
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "   long a = b / 0x6;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "   long a = b / 0x0;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Division by zero.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "   long a = b / 0L;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Division by zero.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "   long a = b / 0ul;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Division by zero.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "   div_t divresult = div (1,0L);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Division by zero.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "   div_t divresult = div (1,0x5);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // Don't warn about floating points (gcc doesn't warn either)
        // and floating points are handled differently than integers.
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "   long a = b / 0.0;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "   long a = b / 0.5;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // Don't warn about 0.0
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "   div_t divresult = div (1,0.0);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "   div_t divresult = div (1,0.5);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void zeroDiv5() {
        check("void f()\n"
              "{ { {\n"
              "   long a = b / 0;\n"
              "} } }");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Division by zero.\n", errout.str());
    }

    void zeroDiv6() {
        check("void f()\n"
              "{ { {\n"
              "   int a = b % 0;\n"
              "} } }");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Division by zero.\n", errout.str());
    }


    void sprintfUsage(const char code[]) {
        // Clear the error buffer..
        errout.str("");

        Settings settings;

        // Tokenize..
        Tokenizer tokenizer(&settings, this);
        std::istringstream istr(code);
        tokenizer.tokenize(istr, "test.cpp");

        //tokenizer.tokens()->printOut( "tokens" );

        // Check for redundant code..
        CheckOther checkOther(&tokenizer, &settings, this);
        checkOther.invalidFunctionUsage();
    }

    void sprintf1() {
        sprintfUsage("void foo()\n"
                     "{\n"
                     "    char buf[100];\n"
                     "    sprintf(buf,\"%s\",buf);\n"
                     "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Undefined behavior: Variable 'buf' is used as parameter and destination in s[n]printf().\n", errout.str());
    }

    void sprintf2() {
        sprintfUsage("void foo()\n"
                     "{\n"
                     "    char buf[100];\n"
                     "    sprintf(buf,\"%i\",sizeof(buf));\n"
                     "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void sprintf3() {
        sprintfUsage("void foo()\n"
                     "{\n"
                     "    char buf[100];\n"
                     "    sprintf(buf,\"%i\",sizeof(buf));\n"
                     "    if (buf[0]);\n"
                     "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void sprintf4() {
        sprintfUsage("struct A\n"
                     "{\n"
                     "    char filename[128];\n"
                     "};\n"
                     "\n"
                     "void foo()\n"
                     "{\n"
                     "    const char* filename = \"hello\";\n"
                     "    struct A a;\n"
                     "    snprintf(a.filename, 128, \"%s\", filename);\n"
                     "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }





    void strPlusChar(const char code[]) {
        // Clear the error buffer..
        errout.str("");

        Settings settings;

        // Tokenize..
        Tokenizer tokenizer(&settings, this);
        std::istringstream istr(code);
        tokenizer.tokenize(istr, "test.cpp");

        // Check for redundant code..
        CheckOther checkOther(&tokenizer, &settings, this);
        checkOther.strPlusChar();
    }

    void strPlusChar1() {
        // Strange looking pointer arithmetic..
        strPlusChar("void foo()\n"
                    "{\n"
                    "    const char *p = \"/usr\" + '/';\n"
                    "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Unusual pointer arithmetic. A value of type 'char' is added to a string literal.\n", errout.str());
    }

    void strPlusChar2() {
        // Strange looking pointer arithmetic..
        strPlusChar("void foo()\n"
                    "{\n"
                    "    char ch = 1;\n"
                    "    const char *p = ch + \"/usr\";\n"
                    "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // Strange looking pointer arithmetic..
        strPlusChar("void foo()\n"
                    "{\n"
                    "    int i = 1;\n"
                    "    const char* psz = \"Bla\";\n"
                    "    const std::string str = i + psz;\n"
                    "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void strPlusChar3() {
        // Strange looking pointer arithmetic..
        strPlusChar("void foo()\n"
                    "{\n"
                    "    std::string temp = \"/tmp\";\n"
                    "    std::string path = temp + '/' + \"sub\" + '/';\n"
                    "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }



    void varScope(const char code[]) {
        // Clear the error buffer..
        errout.str("");

        Settings settings;
        settings.addEnabled("style");

        // Tokenize..
        Tokenizer tokenizer(&settings, this);
        std::istringstream istr(code);
        tokenizer.tokenize(istr, "test.cpp");

        // Check for redundant code..
        CheckOther checkOther(&tokenizer, &settings, this);
        checkOther.checkVariableScope();
    }

    void varScope1() {
        varScope("unsigned short foo()\n"
                 "{\n"
                 "    test_client CClient;\n"
                 "    try\n"
                 "    {\n"
                 "        if (CClient.Open())\n"
                 "        {\n"
                 "            return 0;\n"
                 "        }\n"
                 "    }\n"
                 "    catch (...)\n"
                 "    {\n"
                 "        return 2;\n"
                 "    }\n"
                 "\n"
                 "    try\n"
                 "    {\n"
                 "        CClient.Close();\n"
                 "    }\n"
                 "    catch (...)\n"
                 "    {\n"
                 "        return 2;\n"
                 "    }\n"
                 "\n"
                 "    return 1;\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void varScope2() {
        varScope("int foo()\n"
                 "{\n"
                 "    Error e;\n"
                 "    e.SetValue(12);\n"
                 "    throw e;\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void varScope3() {
        varScope("void foo()\n"
                 "{\n"
                 "    int i;\n"
                 "    int *p = 0;\n"
                 "    if (abc)\n"
                 "    {\n"
                 "        p = &i;\n"
                 "    }\n"
                 "    *p = 1;\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void varScope4() {
        varScope("void foo()\n"
                 "{\n"
                 "    int i;\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void varScope5() {
        varScope("void f(int x)\n"
                 "{\n"
                 "    int i = 0;\n"
                 "    if (x) {\n"
                 "        for ( ; i < 10; ++i) ;\n"
                 "    }\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (style) The scope of the variable 'i' can be reduced.\n", errout.str());

        varScope("void f(int x) {\n"
                 "    const unsigned char i = 0;\n"
                 "    if (x) {\n"
                 "        for ( ; i < 10; ++i) ;\n"
                 "    }\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) The scope of the variable 'i' can be reduced.\n", errout.str());

        varScope("void f(int x)\n"
                 "{\n"
                 "    int i = 0;\n"
                 "    if (x) {b()}\n"
                 "    else {\n"
                 "        for ( ; i < 10; ++i) ;\n"
                 "    }\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (style) The scope of the variable 'i' can be reduced.\n", errout.str());
    }

    void varScope6() {
        varScope("void f(int x)\n"
                 "{\n"
                 "    int i = x;\n"
                 "    if (a) {\n"
                 "        x++;\n"
                 "    }\n"
                 "    if (b) {\n"
                 "        c(i);\n"
                 "    }\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        varScope("void f()\n"
                 "{\n"
                 "int foo = 0;\n"
                 "std::vector<int> vec(10);\n"
                 "BOOST_FOREACH(int& i, vec)\n"
                 "{\n"
                 " foo += 1;\n"
                 " if(foo == 10)\n"
                 " {\n"
                 "  return 0;\n"
                 " }\n"
                 "}\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        varScope("void f(int &x)\n"
                 "{\n"
                 "  int n = 1;\n"
                 "  do\n"
                 "  {\n"
                 "    ++n;\n"
                 "    ++x;\n"
                 "  } while (x);\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void varScope7() {
        varScope("void f(int x)\n"
                 "{\n"
                 "    int y = 0;\n"
                 "    b(y);\n"
                 "    if (x) {\n"
                 "        y++;\n"
                 "    }\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void varScope8() {
        varScope("void test() {\n"
                 "    float edgeResistance=1;\n"
                 "    std::vector<int> edges;\n"
                 "    BOOST_FOREACH(int edge, edges) {\n"
                 "        edgeResistance = (edge+1) / 2.0;\n"
                 "    }\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) The scope of the variable 'edgeResistance' can be reduced.\n", errout.str());
    }

    void varScope9() {
        // classes may have extra side effects
        varScope("class fred {\n"
                 "public:\n"
                 "    void x();\n"
                 "};\n"
                 "void test(int a) {\n"
                 "    fred f;\n"
                 "    if (a == 2) {\n"
                 "        f.x();\n"
                 "    }\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void varScope10() {
        varScope("int f()\n"
                 "{\n"
                 "    int x = 0;\n"
                 "    FOR {\n"
                 "        foo(x++);\n"
                 "    }\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void varScope11() {
        varScope("int f() {\n"
                 "    int x = 0;\n"
                 "    AB ab = { x, 0 };\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        varScope("int f() {\n"
                 "    int x = 0;\n"
                 "    if (a == 0) { ++x; }\n"
                 "    AB ab = { x, 0 };\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        varScope("int f() {\n"
                 "    int x = 0;\n"
                 "    if (a == 0) { ++x; }\n"
                 "    if (a == 1) { AB ab = { x, 0 }; }\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void varScope12() {
        varScope("void f(int x) {\n"
                 "    int i[5];\n"
                 "    int* j = y;\n"
                 "    if (x)\n"
                 "        foo(i);\n"
                 "    foo(j);\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) The scope of the variable 'i' can be reduced.\n", errout.str());

        varScope("void f(int x) {\n"
                 "    int i[5];\n"
                 "    int* j;\n"
                 "    if (x)\n"
                 "        j = i;\n"
                 "    foo(j);\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        varScope("void f(int x) {\n"
                 "    const bool b = true;\n"
                 "    x++;\n"
                 "    if (x == 5)\n"
                 "        foo(b);\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) The scope of the variable 'b' can be reduced.\n", errout.str());

        varScope("void f(int x) {\n"
                 "    const bool b = x;\n"
                 "    x++;\n"
                 "    if (x == 5)\n"
                 "        foo(b);\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void varScope13() {
        // #2770
        varScope("void f() {\n"
                 "    int i = 0;\n"
                 "    forever {\n"
                 "        if (i++ == 42) { break; }\n"
                 "    }\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void varScope14() {
        // #3941
        varScope("void f() {\n"
                 "    const int i( foo());\n"
                 "    if(a) {\n"
                 "        for ( ; i < 10; ++i) ;\n"
                 "    }\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void varScope15() {
        // #4573
        varScope("void f() {\n"
                 "    int a,b,c;\n"
                 "    if (a);\n"
                 "    else if(b);\n"
                 "    else if(c);\n"
                 "    else;\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void varScope16() {
        varScope("void f() {\n"
                 "    int a = 0;\n"
                 "    while((++a) < 56) {\n"
                 "        foo();\n"
                 "    }\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        varScope("void f() {\n"
                 "    int a = 0;\n"
                 "    do {\n"
                 "        foo();\n"
                 "    } while((++a) < 56);\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        varScope("void f() {\n"
                 "    int a = 0;\n"
                 "    do {\n"
                 "        a = 64;\n"
                 "        foo(a);\n"
                 "    } while((++a) < 56);\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        varScope("void f() {\n"
                 "    int a = 0;\n"
                 "    do {\n"
                 "        a = 64;\n"
                 "        foo(a);\n"
                 "    } while(z());\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) The scope of the variable 'a' can be reduced.\n", errout.str());
    }

    void varScope17() {
        varScope("void f() {\n"
                 "    int x;\n"
                 "    if (a) {\n"
                 "        x = stuff(x);\n"
                 "        morestuff(x);\n"
                 "    }\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) The scope of the variable 'x' can be reduced.\n", errout.str());

        varScope("void f() {\n"
                 "    int x;\n"
                 "    if (a) {\n"
                 "        x = stuff(x);\n"
                 "        morestuff(x);\n"
                 "    }\n"
                 "    if (b) {}\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) The scope of the variable 'x' can be reduced.\n", errout.str());
    }

    void varScope18() {
        varScope("void f() {\n"
                 "    short x;\n"
                 "\n"
                 "    switch (ab) {\n"
                 "        case A:\n"
                 "            break;\n"
                 "        case B:\n"
                 "        default:\n"
                 "            break;\n"
                 "    }\n"
                 "\n"
                 "    if (c) {\n"
                 "        x = foo();\n"
                 "        do_something(x);\n"
                 "    }\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) The scope of the variable 'x' can be reduced.\n", errout.str());

        varScope("void f() {\n"
                 "    short x;\n"
                 "\n"
                 "    switch (ab) {\n"
                 "        case A:\n"
                 "            x = 10;\n"
                 "            break;\n"
                 "        case B:\n"
                 "        default:\n"
                 "            break;\n"
                 "    }\n"
                 "\n"
                 "    if (c) {\n"
                 "        x = foo();\n"
                 "        do_something(x);\n"
                 "    }\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        varScope("void f() {\n"
                 "    short x;\n"
                 "\n"
                 "    switch (ab) {\n"
                 "        case A:\n"
                 "            if(c)\n"
                 "                do_something(x);\n"
                 "            break;\n"
                 "        case B:\n"
                 "        default:\n"
                 "            break;\n"
                 "    }\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) The scope of the variable 'x' can be reduced.\n", errout.str());

        varScope("void f() {\n"
                 "    short x;\n"
                 "\n"
                 "    switch (ab) {\n"
                 "        case A:\n"
                 "            if(c)\n"
                 "                do_something(x);\n"
                 "            break;\n"
                 "        case B:\n"
                 "        default:\n"
                 "            if(d)\n"
                 "                do_something(x);\n"
                 "            break;\n"
                 "    }\n"
                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void checkOldStylePointerCast(const char code[]) {
        // Clear the error buffer..
        errout.str("");

        Settings settings;
        settings.addEnabled("style");

        // Tokenize..
        Tokenizer tokenizerCpp(&settings, this);
        std::istringstream istr(code);
        tokenizerCpp.tokenize(istr, "test.cpp");

        Tokenizer tokenizerC(&settings, this);
        std::istringstream istr2(code);
        tokenizerC.tokenize(istr2, "test.c");

        CheckOther checkOtherCpp(&tokenizerCpp, &settings, this);
        checkOtherCpp.warningOldStylePointerCast();

        CheckOther checkOtherC(&tokenizerC, &settings, this);
        checkOtherC.warningOldStylePointerCast();
    }

    void oldStylePointerCast() {
        checkOldStylePointerCast("class Base;\n"
                                 "void foo()\n"
                                 "{\n"
                                 "    Base * b = (Base *) derived;\n"
                                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (style) C-style pointer casting\n", errout.str());

        checkOldStylePointerCast("class Base;\n"
                                 "void foo()\n"
                                 "{\n"
                                 "    Base * b = (const Base *) derived;\n"
                                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (style) C-style pointer casting\n", errout.str());

        checkOldStylePointerCast("class Base;\n"
                                 "void foo()\n"
                                 "{\n"
                                 "    Base * b = (const Base *) ( new Derived() );\n"
                                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (style) C-style pointer casting\n", errout.str());

        checkOldStylePointerCast("class Base;\n"
                                 "void foo()\n"
                                 "{\n"
                                 "    Base * b = (const Base *) new Derived();\n"
                                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (style) C-style pointer casting\n", errout.str());

        checkOldStylePointerCast("class Base;\n"
                                 "void foo()\n"
                                 "{\n"
                                 "    Base * b = (const Base *) new short[10];\n"
                                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (style) C-style pointer casting\n", errout.str());

        checkOldStylePointerCast("class B;\n"
                                 "class A\n"
                                 "{\n"
                                 "  virtual void abc(B *) const = 0;\n"
                                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkOldStylePointerCast("class B;\n"
                                 "class A\n"
                                 "{\n"
                                 "  virtual void abc(const B *) const = 0;\n"
                                 "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void checkInvalidPointerCast(const char code[], bool portability = false, bool inconclusive = false) {
        // Clear the error buffer..
        errout.str("");

        Settings settings;
        settings.addEnabled("warning");
        if (portability)
            settings.addEnabled("portability");
        settings.inconclusive = inconclusive;

        // Tokenize..
        Tokenizer tokenizer(&settings, this);
        std::istringstream istr(code);
        tokenizer.tokenize(istr, "test.cpp");

        CheckOther checkOtherCpp(&tokenizer, &settings, this);
        checkOtherCpp.invalidPointerCast();
    }


    void invalidPointerCast() {
        checkInvalidPointerCast("void test() {\n"
                                "    float *f = new float[10];\n"
                                "    delete [] (double*)f;\n"
                                "    delete [] (long double const*)(new float[10]);\n"
                                "}");
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (warning) Casting between float* and double* which have an incompatible binary data representation.\n"
                           "[test.cpp:4]: (warning) Casting between float* and long double* which have an incompatible binary data representation.\n",
                           "[test.cpp:3]: (warning) Casting between float* and double* which have an incompatible binary data representation.\n"
                           "[test.cpp:4]: (warning) Casting between float* and double* which have an incompatible binary data representation.\n", errout.str());

        checkInvalidPointerCast("void test(const float* f) {\n"
                                "    double *d = (double*)f;\n"
                                "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Casting between float* and double* which have an incompatible binary data representation.\n", errout.str());

        checkInvalidPointerCast("void test(double* d1) {\n"
                                "    long double *ld = (long double*)d1;\n"
                                "    double *d2 = (double*)ld;\n"
                                "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Casting between double* and long double* which have an incompatible binary data representation.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:3]: (warning) Casting between long double* and double* which have an incompatible binary data representation.\n", errout.str());

        checkInvalidPointerCast("char* test(int* i) {\n"
                                "    long double *d = (long double*)(i);\n"
                                "    double *d = (double*)(i);\n"
                                "    float *f = reinterpret_cast<float*>(i);\n"
                                "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Casting between integer* and long double* which have an incompatible binary data representation.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:3]: (warning) Casting between integer* and double* which have an incompatible binary data representation.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:4]: (warning) Casting between integer* and float* which have an incompatible binary data representation.\n", errout.str());

        checkInvalidPointerCast("float* test(unsigned int* i) {\n"
                                "    return (float*)i;\n"
                                "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Casting between integer* and float* which have an incompatible binary data representation.\n", errout.str());

        checkInvalidPointerCast("float* test(unsigned int* i) {\n"
                                "    return (float*)i[0];\n"
                                "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkInvalidPointerCast("float* test(double& d) {\n"
                                "    return (float*)&d;\n"
                                "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Casting between double* and float* which have an incompatible binary data representation.\n", errout.str());

        checkInvalidPointerCast("void test(float* data) {\n"
                                "    f.write((char*)data,sizeof(float));\n"
                                "}", true, false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkInvalidPointerCast("void test(float* data) {\n"
                                "    f.write((char*)data,sizeof(float));\n"
                                "}", true, true); // #3639
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (portability, inconclusive) Casting from float* to char* is not portable due to different binary data representations on different platforms.\n", errout.str());


        checkInvalidPointerCast("long long* test(float* f) {\n"
                                "    return (long long*)f;\n"
                                "}", false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        checkInvalidPointerCast("long long* test(float* f, char* c) {\n"
                                "    foo((long long*)f);\n"
                                "    return reinterpret_cast<long long*>(c);\n"
                                "}", true);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (portability) Casting from float* to integer* is not portable due to different binary data representations on different platforms.\n", errout.str());

        checkInvalidPointerCast("Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(int*)"); // #4135 - don't crash
    }

    void dangerousStrolUsage() {
        {
            sprintfUsage("int f(const char *num)\n"
                         "{\n"
                         "    return strtol(num, NULL, 1);\n"
                         "}");

            ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Invalid radix in call to strtol(). It must be 0 or 2-36.\n", errout.str());
        }

        {
            sprintfUsage("int f(const char *num)\n"
                         "{\n"
                         "    return strtol(num, NULL, 10);\n"
                         "}");

            ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        }
    }

    void testPassedByValue(const char code[]) {
        // Clear the error buffer..
        errout.str("");

        Settings settings;
        settings.addEnabled("performance");

        Tokenizer tokenizer(&settings, this);
        std::istringstream istr(code);
        tokenizer.tokenize(istr, "test.cpp");

        CheckOther checkOther(&tokenizer, &settings, this);
        checkOther.checkConstantFunctionParameter();
    }

    void passedByValue() {
        testPassedByValue("void f(const std::string str) {}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:1]: (performance) Function parameter 'str' should be passed by reference.\n", errout.str());

        testPassedByValue("class Foo;\nvoid f(const Foo foo) {}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (performance) Function parameter 'foo' should be passed by reference.\n", errout.str());

        testPassedByValue("void f(const std::string &str) {}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        testPassedByValue("void f(const std::vector<int> v) {}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:1]: (performance) Function parameter 'v' should be passed by reference.\n", errout.str());

        testPassedByValue("void f(const std::vector<std::string> v) {}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:1]: (performance) Function parameter 'v' should be passed by reference.\n", errout.str());

        testPassedByValue("void f(const std::vector<std::string>::size_type s) {}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        testPassedByValue("void f(const std::vector<int> &v) {}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        testPassedByValue("void f(const std::map<int,int> &v) {}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        testPassedByValue("void f(const std::map<int,int> v) {}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:1]: (performance) Function parameter 'v' should be passed by reference.\n", errout.str());

        testPassedByValue("void f(const std::map<std::string,std::string> v) {}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:1]: (performance) Function parameter 'v' should be passed by reference.\n", errout.str());

        testPassedByValue("void f(const std::map<int,std::string> v) {}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:1]: (performance) Function parameter 'v' should be passed by reference.\n", errout.str());

        testPassedByValue("void f(const std::map<std::string,int> v) {}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:1]: (performance) Function parameter 'v' should be passed by reference.\n", errout.str());

        testPassedByValue("void f(const std::streamoff pos) {}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

    }

    void mathfunctionCall1() {
        // log|log10
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  log(-2) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Passing value -2 to log() leads to undefined result.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  log(-1.) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Passing value -1. to log() leads to undefined result.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  log(-1.0) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Passing value -1.0 to log() leads to undefined result.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  log(-0.1) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Passing value -0.1 to log() leads to undefined result.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  log(0) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Passing value 0 to log() leads to undefined result.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  log(0.) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Passing value 0. to log() leads to undefined result.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  log(0.0) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Passing value 0.0 to log() leads to undefined result.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  log(1.0E+3) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  log(1.0E-3) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  log(1E-3) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::string *log(0);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());


        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  log(2.0) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // #3473 - no warning if "log" is a variable
        check("Fred::Fred() : log(0) { }");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // acos
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  acos(1)        << std::endl;\n"
              "    std::cout <<  acos(-1)       << std::endl;\n"
              "    std::cout <<  acos(0.1)      << std::endl;\n"
              "    std::cout <<  acos(0.0001)   << std::endl;\n"
              "    std::cout <<  acos(0.01)     << std::endl;\n"
              "    std::cout <<  acos(1.0E-1)   << std::endl;\n"
              "    std::cout <<  acos(-1.0E-1)  << std::endl;\n"
              "    std::cout <<  acos(+1.0E-1)  << std::endl;\n"
              "    std::cout <<  acos(0.1E-1)   << std::endl;\n"
              "    std::cout <<  acos(+0.1E-1)  << std::endl;\n"
              "    std::cout <<  acos(-0.1E-1)  << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  acos(1.1) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Passing value 1.1 to acos() leads to undefined result.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  acos(-1.1) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Passing value -1.1 to acos() leads to undefined result.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  acos(-110) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Passing value -110 to acos() leads to undefined result.\n", errout.str());


        // atan2
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  atan2(1,1)        << std::endl;\n"
              "    std::cout <<  atan2(-1,-1)      << std::endl;\n"
              "    std::cout <<  atan2(0.1,1)      << std::endl;\n"
              "    std::cout <<  atan2(0.0001,100) << std::endl;\n"
              "    std::cout <<  atan2(0.01m-1)    << std::endl;\n"
              "    std::cout <<  atan2(1.0E-1,-3)  << std::endl;\n"
              "    std::cout <<  atan2(-1.0E-1,+2) << std::endl;\n"
              "    std::cout <<  atan2(+1.0E-1,0)  << std::endl;\n"
              "    std::cout <<  atan2(0.1E-1,3)   << std::endl;\n"
              "    std::cout <<  atan2(+0.1E-1,1)  << std::endl;\n"
              "    std::cout <<  atan2(-0.1E-1,8)  << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  atan2(0,0) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Passing values 0 and 0 to atan2() leads to undefined result.\n", errout.str());


        // fmod
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  fmod(1.0,0) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Passing values 1.0 and 0 to fmod() leads to undefined result.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  fmod(1.0,1) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());


        // pow
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  pow(0,-10) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Passing values 0 and -10 to pow() leads to undefined result.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  pow(0,10) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // sqrt
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  sqrt(-1) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Passing value -1 to sqrt() leads to undefined result.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  sqrt(1) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());


    }

    void cctypefunctionCall() {
        // isalnum
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  isalnum(61) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  isalnum(-61) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Passing value -61 to isalnum() causes undefined behavior which may lead to a crash.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  isalpha(61) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  isalpha(-61) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Passing value -61 to isalpha() causes undefined behavior which may lead to a crash.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  iscntrl(61) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  iscntrl(-61) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Passing value -61 to iscntrl() causes undefined behavior which may lead to a crash.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  isdigit(61) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  isdigit(-61) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Passing value -61 to isdigit() causes undefined behavior which may lead to a crash.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  isgraph(61) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  isgraph(-61) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Passing value -61 to isgraph() causes undefined behavior which may lead to a crash.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  islower(61) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  islower(-61) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Passing value -61 to islower() causes undefined behavior which may lead to a crash.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  isprint(61) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  isprint(-61) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Passing value -61 to isprint() causes undefined behavior which may lead to a crash.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  ispunct(61) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  ispunct(-61) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Passing value -61 to ispunct() causes undefined behavior which may lead to a crash.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  isspace(61) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  isspace(-61) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Passing value -61 to isspace() causes undefined behavior which may lead to a crash.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  isupper(61) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  isupper(-61) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Passing value -61 to isupper() causes undefined behavior which may lead to a crash.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  isxdigit(61) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    std::cout <<  isxdigit(-61) << std::endl;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Passing value -61 to isxdigit() causes undefined behavior which may lead to a crash.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "std::isgraph(-10000, loc);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (error) Passing value -10000 to isgraph() causes undefined behavior which may lead to a crash.\n", errout.str());
    }

    void switchRedundantAssignmentTest() {

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        y = 2;\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y = 3;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    bar(y);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7] -> [test.cpp:9]: (warning) Variable 'y' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used. 'break;' missing?\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "      {\n"
              "        y = 2;\n"
              "      }\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y = 3;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    bar(y);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:8] -> [test.cpp:11]: (warning) Variable 'y' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used. 'break;' missing?\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        y = 2;\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        if (x)\n"
              "        {\n"
              "            y = 3;\n"
              "        }\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    bar(y);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "      {\n"
              "        y = 2;\n"
              "        if (y)\n"
              "            printf(\"%d\", y);\n"
              "      }\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y = 3;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    bar(y);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int x = a;\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (x)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        x = 2;\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y = 3;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    bar(y);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (x)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "      {\n"
              "        int y = 2;\n"
              "      }\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y = 3;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    bar(y);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (x)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        y = 2;\n"
              "        break;\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y = 3;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    bar(y);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    while(xyz()) {\n"
              "        switch (x)\n"
              "        {\n"
              "        case 2:\n"
              "            y = 2;\n"
              "            continue;\n"
              "        case 3:\n"
              "            y = 3;\n"
              "        }\n"
              "        bar(y);\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    while(xyz()) {\n"
              "        switch (x)\n"
              "        {\n"
              "        case 2:\n"
              "            y = 2;\n"
              "            throw e;\n"
              "        case 3:\n"
              "            y = 3;\n"
              "        }\n"
              "        bar(y);\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (x)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        y = 2;\n"
              "        printf(\"%d\", y);\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y = 3;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    bar(y);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (x)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        y = 2;\n"
              "        bar();\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y = 3;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    bar(y);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void bar() {}\n" // bar isn't noreturn
              "void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (x)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        y = 2;\n"
              "        bar();\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y = 3;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    bar(y);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:8] -> [test.cpp:11]: (warning) Variable 'y' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used. 'break;' missing?\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo(char *str, int a)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "      strcpy(str, \"a'\");\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "      strcpy(str, \"b'\");\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:8]: (warning) Buffer 'str' is being written before its old content has been used. 'break;' missing?\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo(char *str, int a)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "      strncpy(str, \"a'\");\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "      strncpy(str, \"b'\");\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:8]: (warning) Buffer 'str' is being written before its old content has been used. 'break;' missing?\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo(char *str, int a)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int z = 0;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "      strcpy(str, \"a'\");\n"
              "      z++;\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "      strcpy(str, \"b'\");\n"
              "      z++;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7] -> [test.cpp:10]: (warning) Buffer 'str' is being written before its old content has been used. 'break;' missing?\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo(char *str, int a)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "      strcpy(str, \"a'\");\n"
              "      break;\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "      strcpy(str, \"b'\");\n"
              "      break;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo(char *str, int a)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "      strcpy(str, \"a'\");\n"
              "      printf(str);\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "      strcpy(str, \"b'\");\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"  // Ticket #4356
              "    int x = 0;\n"  // <- ignore assignment with 0
              "    x = 3;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void switchRedundantOperationTest() {
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        ++y;\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y = 3;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    bar(y);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7] -> [test.cpp:9]: (warning) Variable 'y' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used. 'break;' missing?\n", errout.str());
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "      {\n"
              "        ++y;\n"
              "      }\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y = 3;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    bar(y);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:8] -> [test.cpp:11]: (warning) Variable 'y' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used. 'break;' missing?\n", errout.str());
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        y;\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        ++y;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    bar(y);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        ++y;\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        ++y;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    bar(y);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        --y;\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y = 3;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    bar(y);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7] -> [test.cpp:9]: (warning) Variable 'y' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used. 'break;' missing?\n", errout.str());
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "      {\n"
              "        --y;\n"
              "      }\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y = 3;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    bar(y);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:8] -> [test.cpp:11]: (warning) Variable 'y' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used. 'break;' missing?\n", errout.str());
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        y;\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        --y;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    bar(y);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        --y;\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        --y;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    bar(y);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        y++;\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y = 3;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    bar(y);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7] -> [test.cpp:9]: (warning) Variable 'y' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used. 'break;' missing?\n", errout.str());
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "      {\n"
              "        y++;\n"
              "      }\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y = 3;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    bar(y);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:8] -> [test.cpp:11]: (warning) Variable 'y' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used. 'break;' missing?\n", errout.str());
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        y = 2;\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y++;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    bar(y);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        y++;\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y++;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    bar(y);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        y--;\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y = 3;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    bar(y);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7] -> [test.cpp:9]: (warning) Variable 'y' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used. 'break;' missing?\n", errout.str());
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "      {\n"
              "        y--;\n"
              "      }\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y = 3;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    bar(y);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:8] -> [test.cpp:11]: (warning) Variable 'y' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used. 'break;' missing?\n", errout.str());
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        y = 2;\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y--;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    bar(y);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        y--;\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y--;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    bar(y);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        y++;\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        if (x)\n"
              "        {\n"
              "            y = 3;\n"
              "        }\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    bar(y);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "      {\n"
              "        y++;\n"
              "        if (y)\n"
              "            printf(\"%d\", y);\n"
              "      }\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y = 3;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    bar(y);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int x = a;\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (x)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        x++;\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y++;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    bar(y);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (x)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        y++;\n"
              "        break;\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y = 3;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    bar(y);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    while(xyz()) {\n"
              "        switch (x)\n"
              "        {\n"
              "        case 2:\n"
              "            y++;\n"
              "            continue;\n"
              "        case 3:\n"
              "            y = 3;\n"
              "        }\n"
              "        bar(y);\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    while(xyz()) {\n"
              "        switch (x)\n"
              "        {\n"
              "        case 2:\n"
              "            y++;\n"
              "            throw e;\n"
              "        case 3:\n"
              "            y = 3;\n"
              "        }\n"
              "        bar(y);\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (x)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        y++;\n"
              "        printf(\"%d\", y);\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y = 3;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    bar(y);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (x)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        y++;\n"
              "        bar();\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y = 3;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    bar(y);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void switchRedundantBitwiseOperationTest() {
        check("void foo(int a)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        y |= 3;\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y |= 3;\n"
              "        break;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7]: (warning) Redundant bitwise operation on 'y' in 'switch' statement. 'break;' missing?\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int a)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        y |= 3;\n"
              "    default:\n"
              "        y |= 3;\n"
              "        break;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7]: (warning) Redundant bitwise operation on 'y' in 'switch' statement. 'break;' missing?\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int a)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        y |= 3;\n"
              "    default:\n"
              "        if (z)\n"
              "            y |= 3;\n"
              "        break;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int a)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        y |= z;\n"
              "        z++\n"
              "    default:\n"
              "        y |= z;\n"
              "        break;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int a)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        y |= 3;\n"
              "        bar(y);\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y |= 3;\n"
              "        break;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int a)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        y |= 3;\n"
              "        y = 4;\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y |= 3;\n"
              "        break;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int a)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        y &= 3;\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y &= 3;\n"
              "        break;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7]: (warning) Redundant bitwise operation on 'y' in 'switch' statement. 'break;' missing?\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int a)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        y |= 3;\n"
              "        break;\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y |= 3;\n"
              "        break;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int a)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        y ^= 3;\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y ^= 3;\n"
              "        break;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int a)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        y |= 2;\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y |= 3;\n"
              "        break;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int a)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        y &= 2;\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y &= 3;\n"
              "        break;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int a)\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int y = 1;\n"
              "    switch (a)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "    case 2:\n"
              "        y |= 2;\n"
              "    case 3:\n"
              "        y &= 2;\n"
              "        break;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void switchFallThroughCase() {
        check_preprocess_suppress(
            "void foo() {\n"
            "    switch (a) {\n"
            "        case 1:\n"
            "            break;\n"
            "        case 2:\n"
            "            break;\n"
            "    }\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check_preprocess_suppress(
            "void foo() {\n"
            "    switch (a) {\n"
            "        case 1:\n"
            "            break;\n"
            "        case 2:\n"
            "            continue;\n"
            "        case 3:\n"
            "            return;\n"
            "        case 4:\n"
            "            exit(1);\n"
            "        case 5:\n"
            "            goto end;\n"
            "        case 6:\n"
            "            throw e;\n"
            "        case 7:\n"
            "            break;\n"
            "    }\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check_preprocess_suppress(
            "void foo() {\n"
            "    switch (a) {\n"
            "        case 0:\n"
            "        case 1:\n"
            "            break;\n"
            "        case 2:\n"
            "            break;\n"
            "    }\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check_preprocess_suppress(
            "void foo() {\n"
            "    switch (a) {\n"
            "        case 1:\n"
            "            g();\n"
            "        case 2:\n"
            "            break;\n"
            "    }\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (style) Switch falls through case without comment. 'break;' missing?\n", errout.str());

        check_preprocess_suppress(
            "void foo() {\n"
            "    switch (a) {\n"
            "        case 1:\n"
            "            g();\n"
            "        default:\n"
            "            break;\n"
            "    }\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (style) Switch falls through case without comment. 'break;' missing?\n", errout.str());

        check_preprocess_suppress(
            "void foo() {\n"
            "    switch (a) {\n"
            "        case 1:\n"
            "            g();\n"
            "            // fall through\n"
            "        case 2:\n"
            "            break;\n"
            "    }\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check_preprocess_suppress(
            "void foo() {\n"
            "    switch (a) {\n"
            "        case 1:\n"
            "            g();\n"
            "            /* FALLTHRU */\n"
            "        case 2:\n"
            "            break;\n"
            "    }\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check_preprocess_suppress(
            "void foo() {\n"
            "    switch (a) {\n"
            "        case 1:\n"
            "            g();\n"
            "            break;\n"
            "            // fall through\n"
            "        case 2:\n"
            "            break;\n"
            "    }\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7]: (information) Unmatched suppression: switchCaseFallThrough\n", errout.str());

        check_preprocess_suppress(
            "void foo() {\n"
            "    switch (a) {\n"
            "        case 1:\n"
            "            {\n"
            "                break;\n"
            "            }\n"
            "        case 2:\n"
            "            break;\n"
            "    }\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check_preprocess_suppress(
            "void foo() {\n"
            "    switch (a) {\n"
            "        case 1:\n"
            "            for (;;) {\n"
            "                break;\n"
            "            }\n"
            "        case 2:\n"
            "            break;\n"
            "    }\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7]: (style) Switch falls through case without comment. 'break;' missing?\n", errout.str());

        check_preprocess_suppress(
            "void foo() {\n"
            "    switch (a) {\n"
            "        case 1:\n"
            "            if (b) {\n"
            "                break;\n"
            "            } else {\n"
            "                break;\n"
            "            }\n"
            "        case 2:\n"
            "            break;\n"
            "    }\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check_preprocess_suppress(
            "void foo() {\n"
            "    switch (a) {\n"
            "        case 1:\n"
            "            if (b) {\n"
            "                break;\n"
            "            } else {\n"
            "            }\n"
            "        case 2:\n"
            "            break;\n"
            "    }\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:8]: (style) Switch falls through case without comment. 'break;' missing?\n", errout.str());

        check_preprocess_suppress(
            "void foo() {\n"
            "    switch (a) {\n"
            "        case 1:\n"
            "            if (b) {\n"
            "                break;\n"
            "            }\n"
            "        case 2:\n"
            "            break;\n"
            "    }\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7]: (style) Switch falls through case without comment. 'break;' missing?\n", errout.str());

        check_preprocess_suppress(
            "void foo() {\n"
            "    switch (a) {\n"
            "        case 1:\n"
            "            if (b) {\n"
            "            } else {\n"
            "                break;\n"
            "            }\n"
            "        case 2:\n"
            "            break;\n"
            "    }\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:8]: (style) Switch falls through case without comment. 'break;' missing?\n", errout.str());

        check_preprocess_suppress(
            "void foo() {\n"
            "    switch (a) {\n"
            "        case 1:\n"
            "            if (b) {\n"
            "        case 2:\n"
            "            } else {\n"
            "                break;\n"
            "            }\n"
            "            break;\n"
            "    }\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (style) Switch falls through case without comment. 'break;' missing?\n", errout.str());

        check_preprocess_suppress(
            "void foo() {\n"
            "    switch (a) {\n"
            "            int x;\n"
            "        case 1:\n"
            "            break;\n"
            "    }\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check_preprocess_suppress(
            "void foo() {\n"
            "    switch (a) {\n"
            "    case 1:\n"
            "        g();\n"
            "        switch (b) {\n"
            "            case 1:\n"
            "                return;\n"
            "            default:\n"
            "                return;\n"
            "        }\n"
            "    case 2:\n"
            "        break;\n"
            "    }\n"
            "}");
        // This fails because the switch parsing code currently doesn't understand
        // that all paths after g() actually return. It's a pretty unusual case
        // (no pun intended).
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("",
                           "[test.cpp:11]: (style) Switch falls through case without comment. 'break;' missing?\n", errout.str());

        check_preprocess_suppress(
            "void foo() {\n"
            "    switch (a) {\n"
            "    case 1:\n"
            "#ifndef A\n"
            "        g();\n"
            "        // fall through\n"
            "#endif\n"
            "    case 2:\n"
            "        break;\n"
            "    }\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check_preprocess_suppress(
            "void foo() {\n"
            "    switch (a) {\n"
            "    case 1:\n"
            "        goto leave;\n"
            "    case 2:\n"
            "        break;\n"
            "    }\n"
            "leave:\n"
            "    if (x) {\n"
            "        g();\n"
            "        return;\n"
            "    }\n"
            "}");
        // This fails because Tokenizer::simplifyGoto() copies the "leave:" block
        // into where the goto is, but because it contains a "return", it omits
        // copying a final return after the block.
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("",
                           "[test.cpp:5]: (style) Switch falls through case without comment. 'break;' missing?\n", errout.str());

        check_preprocess_suppress(
            "void foo() {\n"
            "    switch (a) {\n"
            "    case 1:\n"
            "        g();\n"
            "        // fall through\n"
            "    case 2:\n"
            "        g();\n"
            "        // falls through\n"
            "    case 3:\n"
            "        g();\n"
            "        // fall-through\n"
            "    case 4:\n"
            "        g();\n"
            "        // drop through\n"
            "    case 5:\n"
            "        g();\n"
            "        // pass through\n"
            "    case 5:\n"
            "        g();\n"
            "        // no break\n"
            "    case 5:\n"
            "        g();\n"
            "        // fallthru\n"
            "    case 6:\n"
            "        g();\n"
            "        /* fall */\n"
            "    default:\n"
            "        break;\n"
            "    }\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check_preprocess_suppress(
            "void foo() {\n"
            "    // unrelated comment saying 'fall through'\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void unreachableCode() {
        check("void foo(int a) {\n"
              "    while(1) {\n"
              "        if (a++ >= 100) {\n"
              "            break;\n"
              "            continue;\n"
              "        }\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (style) Consecutive return, break, continue, goto or throw statements are unnecessary.\n", errout.str());

        check("int foo(int a) {\n"
              "    return 0;\n"
              "    return(a-1);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (style) Consecutive return, break, continue, goto or throw statements are unnecessary.\n", errout.str());

        check("int foo(int a) {\n"
              "  A:"
              "    return(0);\n"
              "    goto A;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (style) Consecutive return, break, continue, goto or throw statements are unnecessary.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int a)\n"
              "{\n"
              "        switch(a) {\n"
              "          case 0:\n"
              "            printf(\"case 0\");\n"
              "            break;\n"
              "            break;\n"
              "          case 1:\n"
              "            c++;\n"
              "            break;\n"
              "         }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7]: (style) Consecutive return, break, continue, goto or throw statements are unnecessary.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int a)\n"
              "{\n"
              "        switch(a) {\n"
              "          case 0:\n"
              "            printf(\"case 0\");\n"
              "            break;\n"
              "          case 1:\n"
              "            c++;\n"
              "            break;\n"
              "         }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int a)\n"
              "{\n"
              "        while(1) {\n"
              "          if (a++ >= 100) {\n"
              "            break;\n"
              "            break;\n"
              "          }\n"
              "       }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6]: (style) Consecutive return, break, continue, goto or throw statements are unnecessary.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int a)\n"
              "{\n"
              "        while(1) {\n"
              "          if (a++ >= 100) {\n"
              "            continue;\n"
              "            continue;\n"
              "          }\n"
              "          a+=2;\n"
              "       }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6]: (style) Consecutive return, break, continue, goto or throw statements are unnecessary.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int a)\n"
              "{\n"
              "        while(1) {\n"
              "          if (a++ >= 100) {\n"
              "            continue;\n"
              "          }\n"
              "          a+=2;\n"
              "       }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("int foo() {\n"
              "    throw 0;\n"
              "    return 1;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo() {\n"
              "    throw 0;\n"
              "    return;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (style) Consecutive return, break, continue, goto or throw statements are unnecessary.\n", errout.str());

        check("int foo() {\n"
              "    return 0;\n"
              "    return 1;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (style) Consecutive return, break, continue, goto or throw statements are unnecessary.\n", errout.str());

        check("int foo() {\n"
              "    return 0;\n"
              "    foo();\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (style) Statements following return, break, continue, goto or throw will never be executed.\n", errout.str());

        check("int foo() {\n"
              "    if(bar)\n"
              "        return 0;\n"
              "    return 124;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("int foo() {\n"
              "    while(bar) {\n"
              "        return 0;\n"
              "        return 0;\n"
              "        return 0;\n"
              "        return 0;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    return 124;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (style) Consecutive return, break, continue, goto or throw statements are unnecessary.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo() {\n"
              "    while(bar) {\n"
              "        return;\n"
              "        break;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (style) Consecutive return, break, continue, goto or throw statements are unnecessary.\n", errout.str());

        check("int foo() {\n"
              "    return 0;\n"
              "  label:\n"
              "    throw 0;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo() {\n"
              "    wxCHECK2(state < 3 && state >= 0, return);\n"
              "    _checkboxState = state;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("struct A {\n"
              "    virtual void foo  (P & Val) throw ();\n"
              "    virtual void foo1 (P & Val) throw ();\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("int foo() {\n"
              "    goto label;\n"
              "    while (true) {\n"
              "     bar();\n"
              "     label:\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str()); // #3457

        check("int foo() {\n"
              "    goto label;\n"
              "    do {\n"
              "     bar();\n"
              "     label:\n"
              "    } while (true);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str()); // #3457

        check("int foo() {\n"
              "    goto label;\n"
              "    for (;;) {\n"
              "     bar();\n"
              "     label:\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str()); // #3457

        check("%: return ; ()"); // Don't crash. #3441.

        // #3383. TODO: Use preprocessor
        check("int foo() {\n"
              "\n" // #ifdef A
              "    return 0;\n"
              "\n" // #endif
              "    return 1;\n"
              "}", 0, false, false);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        check("int foo() {\n"
              "\n" // #ifdef A
              "    return 0;\n"
              "\n" // #endif
              "    return 1;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (style, inconclusive) Consecutive return, break, continue, goto or throw statements are unnecessary.\n", errout.str());
    }


    void suspiciousCase() {
        check("void foo() {\n"
              "    switch(a) {\n"
              "        case A&&B:\n"
              "            foo();\n"
              "        case (A||B):\n"
              "            foo();\n"
              "        case 1||5:\n"
              "            foo();\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (warning, inconclusive) Found suspicious case label in switch(). Operator '&&' probably doesn't work as intended.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:5]: (warning, inconclusive) Found suspicious case label in switch(). Operator '||' probably doesn't work as intended.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:7]: (warning, inconclusive) Found suspicious case label in switch(). Operator '||' probably doesn't work as intended.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo() {\n"
              "    switch(a) {\n"
              "        case 1:\n"
              "            a=A&&B;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo() {\n"
              "    switch(a) {\n"
              "        case A&&B?B:A:\n"
              "            foo();\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void suspiciousEqualityComparison() {
        check("void foo(int c) {\n"
              "    if (c == 1) {\n"
              "        c == 0;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (warning, inconclusive) Found suspicious equality comparison. Did you intend to assign a value instead?\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int c) {\n"
              "    if (c == 1) c == 0;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning, inconclusive) Found suspicious equality comparison. Did you intend to assign a value instead?\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int* c) {\n"
              "    if (*c == 1) *c == 0;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning, inconclusive) Found suspicious equality comparison. Did you intend to assign a value instead?\n", errout.str());


        check("void foo(int c) {\n"
              "    if (c == 1) {\n"
              "        c = 0;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int c) {\n"
              "    c == 1;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning, inconclusive) Found suspicious equality comparison. Did you intend to assign a value instead?\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int c) {\n"
              "    for (int i = 0; i == 10; i ++) {\n"
              "        a ++;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int c) {\n"
              "    for (i == 0; i < 10; i ++) {\n"
              "        c ++;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning, inconclusive) Found suspicious equality comparison. Did you intend to assign a value instead?\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int c) {\n"
              "    for (i == 1; i < 10; i ++) {\n"
              "        c ++;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning, inconclusive) Found suspicious equality comparison. Did you intend to assign a value instead?\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int c) {\n"
              "    for (i == 2; i < 10; i ++) {\n"
              "        c ++;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning, inconclusive) Found suspicious equality comparison. Did you intend to assign a value instead?\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int c) {\n"
              "    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i == c) {\n"
              "        c ++;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning, inconclusive) Found suspicious equality comparison. Did you intend to assign a value instead?\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int c) {\n"
              "    for (; running == 1;) {\n"
              "        c ++;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int c) {\n"
              "    for (; running == 1;) {\n"
              "        c ++;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int c) {\n"
              "    printf(\"%i\n\", ({x==0;}));\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int x) {\n"
              "    printf(\"%i\n\", ({int x = do_something(); x == 0;}));\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int x) {\n"
              "    printf(\"%i\n\", ({x == 0; x > 0 ? 10 : 20}));\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning, inconclusive) Found suspicious equality comparison. Did you intend to assign a value instead?\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int x) {\n"
              "    for (const Token* const end = tok->link(); tok != end; tok = (tok == end) ? end : tok->next()) {\n"
              "        x++;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int x) {\n"
              "    for (int i = (x == 0) ? 0 : 5; i < 10; i ++) {\n"
              "        x++;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo(int x) {\n"
              "    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i += (x == 5) ? 1 : 2) {\n"
              "        x++;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void selfAssignment() {
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "        int x = 1;\n"
              "        x = x;\n"
              "        return 0;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (warning) Redundant assignment of 'x' to itself.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "        int x = x;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (warning) Redundant assignment of 'x' to itself.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "        std::string var = var = \"test\";\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (warning) Redundant assignment of 'var' to itself.\n", errout.str());

        // #4073 (segmentation fault)
        check("void Foo::myFunc( int a )\n"
              "{\n"
              "    if (a == 42)\n"
              "    a = a;\n"
              "}");

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "        int x = 1;\n"
              "        x = x + 1;\n"
              "        return 0;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "        int *x = getx();\n"
              "        *x = x;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo() {\n"
              "    BAR *x = getx();\n"
              "    x = x;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (warning) Redundant assignment of 'x' to itself.\n", errout.str());

        // #2502 - non-primitive type -> there might be some side effects
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "        Fred fred; fred = fred;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    x = (x == 0);"
              "    func(x);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    x = (x != 0);"
              "    func(x);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // ticket #3001 - false positive
        check("void foo(int x) {\n"
              "    x = x ? x : 0;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // #3800 - false negative when variable is extern
        check("extern int i;\n"
              "void f() {\n"
              "    i = i;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (warning) Redundant assignment of 'i' to itself.\n", errout.str());

        // #4291 - id for variables accessed through 'this'
        check("class Foo {\n"
              "    int var;\n"
              "    void func();\n"
              "};\n"
              "void Foo::func() {\n"
              "    this->var = var;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6]: (warning) Redundant assignment of 'var' to itself.\n", errout.str());
    }

    void trac1132() {
        check("class Lock\n"
              "{\n"
              "public:\n"
              "    Lock(int i)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "        std::cout << \"Lock \" << i << std::endl;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    ~Lock()\n"
              "    {\n"
              "        std::cout << \"~Lock\" << std::endl;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "};\n"
              "int main()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    Lock(123);\n"
              "    std::cout << \"hello\" << std::endl;\n"
              "    return 0;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:15]: (error) Instance of 'Lock' object is destroyed immediately.\n", errout.str());
    }

    void trac3693() {
        check("struct A{\n"
              "  enum {\n"
              "    b = 300\n"
              "  };\n"
              "};\n"
              "const int DFLT_TIMEOUT = A::b % 1000000 ;\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void testMisusedScopeObjectDoesNotPickFunction1() {
        check("int main ( )\n"
              "{\n"
              "    CouldBeFunction ( 123 ) ;\n"
              "    return 0 ;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void testMisusedScopeObjectDoesNotPickFunction2() {
        check("struct error {\n"
              "    error() {}\n"
              "};\n"
              "\n"
              "class parser {\n"
              "public:\n"
              "    void error() const {}\n"
              "\n"
              "    void foo() const {\n"
              "        error();\n"
              "    }\n"
              "};\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void testMisusedScopeObjectPicksClass() {
        check("class NotAFunction ;\n"
              "int function ( )\n"
              "{\n"
              "    NotAFunction ( 123 );\n"
              "    return 0 ;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Instance of 'NotAFunction' object is destroyed immediately.\n", errout.str());
    }

    void testMisusedScopeObjectPicksStruct() {
        check("struct NotAClass;\n"
              "bool func ( )\n"
              "{\n"
              "    NotAClass ( 123 ) ;\n"
              "    return true ;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Instance of 'NotAClass' object is destroyed immediately.\n", errout.str());
    }

    void testMisusedScopeObjectDoesNotPickIf() {
        check("bool func( int a , int b , int c )\n"
              "{\n"
              "    if ( a > b ) return c == a ;\n"
              "    return b == a ;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void testMisusedScopeObjectDoesNotPickConstructorDeclaration() {
        check("class Something : public SomethingElse\n"
              "{\n"
              "public:\n"
              "~Something ( ) ;\n"
              "Something ( ) ;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void testMisusedScopeObjectDoesNotPickFunctor() {
        check("class IncrementFunctor\n"
              "{\n"
              "public:\n"
              "    void operator()(int &i)\n"
              "    {\n"
              "        ++i;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "};\n"
              "\n"
              "int main()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    int a = 1;\n"
              "    IncrementFunctor()(a);\n"
              "    return a;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void testMisusedScopeObjectDoesNotPickLocalClassConstructors() {
        check("void f() {\n"
              "    class Foo {\n"
              "        Foo() { }\n"
              "        Foo(int a) { }\n"
              "        Foo(int a, int b) { }\n"
              "    };\n"
              "    Foo();\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7]: (error) Instance of 'Foo' object is destroyed immediately.\n", errout.str());
    }

    void testMisusedScopeObjectDoesNotPickUsedObject() {
        check("struct Foo {\n"
              "    void bar() {\n"
              "    }\n"
              "};\n"
              "\n"
              "void fn() {\n"
              "    Foo().bar();\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void testMisusedScopeObjectDoesNotPickPureC() {
        // Ticket #2352
        const char code[] = "struct cb_watch_bool {\n"
                            "    int a;\n"
                            "};\n"
                            "\n"
                            "void f()\n"
                            "{\n"
                            "    cb_watch_bool();\n"
                            "}\n";

        check(code, "test.cpp");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7]: (error) Instance of 'cb_watch_bool' object is destroyed immediately.\n", errout.str());

        check(code, "test.c");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // Ticket #2639
        check("struct stat { int a; int b; };\n"
              "void stat(const char *fn, struct stat *);\n"
              "\n"
              "void foo() {\n"
              "    stat(\"file.txt\", &st);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("",errout.str());
    }

    void testMisusedScopeObjectDoesNotPickNestedClass() {
        const char code[] = "class ios_base {\n"
                            "public:\n"
                            "  class Init {\n"
                            "  public:\n"
                            "  };\n"
                            "};\n"
                            "class foo {\n"
                            "public:\n"
                            "  foo();\n"
                            "  void Init(int);\n"
                            "};\n"
                            "foo::foo() {\n"
                            "  Init(0);\n"
                            "}\n";

        check(code, "test.cpp");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void trac2084() {
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "    struct sigaction sa;\n"
              "\n"
              "    { sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa, 0); };\n"
              "    { sigaction(SIGINT, &sa, 0); };\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void trac2071() {
        check("void f() {\n"
              "    struct AB {\n"
              "        AB(int a) { }\n"
              "    };\n"
              "\n"
              "    const AB ab[3] = { AB(0), AB(1), AB(2) };\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void assignmentInAssert() {
        check("void f() {\n"
              "    int a = 0;\n"
              "    assert(a = 2);\n"
              "    return a;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (warning) Assert statement modifies 'a'.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "    int a = 0;\n"
              "    assert(a == 2);\n"
              "    return a;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "    int a = 0;\n"
              "    int b = 0;\n"
              "    assert(a == 2 && b = 1);\n"
              "    return a;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (warning) Assert statement modifies 'b'.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "    int a = 0;\n"
              "    assert(a += 2);\n"
              "    return a;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (warning) Assert statement modifies 'a'.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "    int a = 0;\n"
              "    assert(a *= 2);\n"
              "    return a;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (warning) Assert statement modifies 'a'.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "    int a = 0;\n"
              "    assert(a -= 2);\n"
              "    return a;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (warning) Assert statement modifies 'a'.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "    int a = 0;\n"
              "    assert(a --);\n"
              "    return a;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (warning) Assert statement modifies 'a'.\n", errout.str());
    }

    void modulo() {
        check("bool f(bool& b1, bool& b2, bool& b3) {\n"
              "    b1 = a % 5 == 4;\n"
              "    b2 = a % c == 100000;\n"
              "    b3 = a % 5 == c;\n"
              "    return a % 5 == 5-p;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("bool f(bool& b1, bool& b2, bool& b3, bool& b4, bool& b5) {\n"
              "    b1 = a % 5 < 5;\n"
              "    b2 = a % 5 <= 5;\n"
              "    b3 = a % 5 == 5;\n"
              "    b4 = a % 5 != 5;\n"
              "    b5 = a % 5 >= 5;\n"
              "    return a % 5 > 5;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Comparison of modulo result is predetermined, because it is always less than 5.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:3]: (warning) Comparison of modulo result is predetermined, because it is always less than 5.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:4]: (warning) Comparison of modulo result is predetermined, because it is always less than 5.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:5]: (warning) Comparison of modulo result is predetermined, because it is always less than 5.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:6]: (warning) Comparison of modulo result is predetermined, because it is always less than 5.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:7]: (warning) Comparison of modulo result is predetermined, because it is always less than 5.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(bool& b1, bool& b2) {\n"
              "    b1 = bar() % 5 < 889;\n"
              "    if(x[593] % 5 <= 5)\n"
              "        b2 = x.a % 5 == 5;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Comparison of modulo result is predetermined, because it is always less than 5.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:3]: (warning) Comparison of modulo result is predetermined, because it is always less than 5.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:4]: (warning) Comparison of modulo result is predetermined, because it is always less than 5.\n", errout.str());
    }

    void incorrectLogicOperator1() {
        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if ((x != 1) || (x != 3))\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Logical disjunction always evaluates to true: x != 1 || x != 3.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if (1 != x || 3 != x)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Logical disjunction always evaluates to true: x != 1 || x != 3.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x, int y) {\n"
              "    if (x != 1 || y != 1)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x, int y) {\n"
              "    if ((y == 1) && (x != 1) || (x != 3))\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x, int y) {\n"
              "    if ((x != 1) || (x != 3) && (y == 1))\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if ((x != 1) && (x != 3))\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if ((x == 1) || (x == 3))\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x, int y) {\n"
              "    if ((x != 1) || (y != 3))\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x, int y) {\n"
              "    if ((x != hotdog) || (y != hotdog))\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x, int y) {\n"
              "    if ((x != 5) || (y != 5))\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());


        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    const int ERR1 = 5;\n"
              "    const int ERR2 = 6;\n"
              "    if ((x != ERR1) || (x != ERR2))\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (warning) Logical disjunction always evaluates to true: x != 5 || x != 6.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x, int y) {\n"
              "    const int ERR1 = 5;\n"
              "    if ((x != ERR1) || (y != ERR1))\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(unsigned int a, unsigned int b, unsigned int c) {\n"
              "    if((a != b) || (c != b) || (c != a))\n"
              "    {\n"
              "        return true;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    return false;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void incorrectLogicOperator2() {
        check("void f(float x) {\n"
              "    if ((x == 1) && (x == 1.0))\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if ((x == 1) && (x == 0x00000001))\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:2]: (style) Same expression on both sides of '&&'.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if (x == 1 && x == 3)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Logical conjunction always evaluates to false: x == 1 && x == 3.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if (x == 1.0 && x == 3.0)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Logical conjunction always evaluates to false: x == 1.0 && x == 3.0.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(float x) {\n"
              "    if (x == 1 && x == 1.0)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if (x < 1 && x > 1)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Logical conjunction always evaluates to false: x < 1 && x > 1.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if (x < 1.0 && x > 1.0)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Logical conjunction always evaluates to false: x < 1.0 && x > 1.0.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if (x < 1 && x > 1.0)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Logical conjunction always evaluates to false: x < 1 && x > 1.0.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if (x < 1 && x > 3)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Logical conjunction always evaluates to false: x < 1 && x > 3.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(float x) {\n"
              "    if (x < 1.0 && x > 3.0)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Logical conjunction always evaluates to false: x < 1.0 && x > 3.0.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if (1 > x && 3 < x)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Logical conjunction always evaluates to false: x < 1 && x > 3.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if (x < 3 && x > 1)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if (x > 3 || x < 10)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Logical disjunction always evaluates to true: x > 3 || x < 10.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if (x >= 3 || x <= 10)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Logical disjunction always evaluates to true: x >= 3 || x <= 10.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if (x >= 3 || x < 10)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Logical disjunction always evaluates to true: x >= 3 || x < 10.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if (x > 3 || x <= 10)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Logical disjunction always evaluates to true: x > 3 || x <= 10.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if (x > 3 || x < 3)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if (x >= 3 || x <= 3)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Logical disjunction always evaluates to true: x >= 3 || x <= 3.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if (x >= 3 || x < 3)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Logical disjunction always evaluates to true: x >= 3 || x < 3.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if (x > 3 || x <= 3)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Logical disjunction always evaluates to true: x > 3 || x <= 3.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "   if((x==3) && (x!=4))\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );

        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Redundant condition: If x == 3, the comparison x != 4 is always true.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if ((x!=4) && (x==3))\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Redundant condition: If x == 3, the comparison x != 4 is always true.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if ((x==3) || (x!=4))\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Redundant condition: If x == 3, the comparison x != 4 is always true.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if ((x!=4) || (x==3))\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Redundant condition: If x == 3, the comparison x != 4 is always true.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if ((x==3) && (x!=3))\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Logical conjunction always evaluates to false: x != 3 && x == 3.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if ((x==6) || (x!=6))\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Logical disjunction always evaluates to true: x != 6 || x == 6.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if (x > 10 || x < 3)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if (x > 5 && x == 1)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Logical conjunction always evaluates to false: x > 5 && x == 1.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if (x > 5 && x == 6)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // #3419
        check("void f() {\n"
              "    if ( &q != &a && &q != &b ) { }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // #3676
        check("void f(int m_x2, int w, int x) {\n"
              "    if (x + w - 1 > m_x2 || m_x2 < 0 )\n"
              "        m_x2 = x + w - 1;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void incorrectLogicOperator3() {
        check("void f(int x, bool& b) {\n"
              "    b = x > 5 && x == 1;\n"
              "    c = x < 1 && x == 3;\n"
              "    d = x >= 5 && x == 1;\n"
              "    e = x <= 1 && x == 3;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Logical conjunction always evaluates to false: x > 5 && x == 1.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:3]: (warning) Logical conjunction always evaluates to false: x < 1 && x == 3.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:4]: (warning) Logical conjunction always evaluates to false: x >= 5 && x == 1.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:5]: (warning) Logical conjunction always evaluates to false: x <= 1 && x == 3.\n", errout.str());
    }

    void secondAlwaysTrueFalseWhenFirstTrueError() {
        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if (x > 5 && x != 1)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Redundant condition: If x > 5, the comparison x != 1 is always true.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if (x > 5 && x != 6)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if ((x > 5) && (x != 1))\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Redundant condition: If x > 5, the comparison x != 1 is always true.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if ((x > 5) && (x != 6))\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x, bool& b) {\n"
              "    b = x > 3 || x == 4;\n"
              "    c = x < 5 || x == 4;\n"
              "    d = x >= 3 || x == 4;\n"
              "    e = x <= 5 || x == 4;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Redundant condition: If x == 4, the comparison x > 3 is always true.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:3]: (style) Redundant condition: If x == 4, the comparison x < 5 is always true.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:4]: (style) Redundant condition: If x == 4, the comparison x >= 3 is always true.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:5]: (style) Redundant condition: If x == 4, the comparison x <= 5 is always true.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x, bool& b) {\n"
              "    b = x > 5 || x != 1;\n"
              "    c = x < 1 || x != 3;\n"
              "    d = x >= 5 || x != 1;\n"
              "    e = x <= 1 || x != 3;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Redundant condition: If x > 5, the comparison x != 1 is always true.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:3]: (style) Redundant condition: If x < 1, the comparison x != 3 is always true.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:4]: (style) Redundant condition: If x >= 5, the comparison x != 1 is always true.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:5]: (style) Redundant condition: If x <= 1, the comparison x != 3 is always true.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x, bool& b) {\n"
              "    b = x > 6 && x > 5;\n"
              "    c = x > 5 || x > 6;\n"
              "    d = x < 6 && x < 5;\n"
              "    e = x < 5 || x < 6;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Redundant condition: If x > 6, the comparison x > 5 is always true.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:3]: (style) Redundant condition: If x > 5, the comparison x > 6 is always true.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:4]: (style) Redundant condition: If x < 6, the comparison x < 5 is always true.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:5]: (style) Redundant condition: If x < 6, the comparison x < 5 is always true.\n", errout.str());
    }

    void incorrectLogicOp_condSwapping() {
        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if (x < 1 && x > 3)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Logical conjunction always evaluates to false: x < 1 && x > 3.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if (1 > x && x > 3)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Logical conjunction always evaluates to false: x < 1 && x > 3.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if (x < 1 && 3 < x)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Logical conjunction always evaluates to false: x < 1 && x > 3.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if (1 > x && 3 < x)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Logical conjunction always evaluates to false: x < 1 && x > 3.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if (x > 3 && x < 1)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Logical conjunction always evaluates to false: x < 1 && x > 3.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if (3 < x && x < 1)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Logical conjunction always evaluates to false: x < 1 && x > 3.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if (x > 3 && 1 > x)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Logical conjunction always evaluates to false: x < 1 && x > 3.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    if (3 < x && 1 > x)\n"
              "        a++;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Logical conjunction always evaluates to false: x < 1 && x > 3.\n", errout.str());
    }

    void sameExpression() {
        // #3868 - false positive (same expression on both sides of |)
        check("void f(int x) {\n"
              "    a = x ? A | B | C\n"
              "          : A | B;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void memsetZeroBytes() {
        check("void f() {\n"
              "    memset(p, 10, 0x0);\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) memset() called to fill 0 bytes of 'p'.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "    memset(p, sizeof(p), 0);\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) memset() called to fill 0 bytes of 'p'.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "    memset(p, sizeof(p), i+0);\n"
              "}\n"
             );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void redundantGetAndSetUserId() {
        check("seteuid(geteuid());\n", NULL, false , false, true);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:1]: (warning) Redundant get and set of user id.\n", errout.str());
        check("setuid(getuid());\n", NULL, false , false, true);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:1]: (warning) Redundant get and set of user id.\n", errout.str());
        check("setgid(getgid());\n", NULL, false , false, true);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:1]: (warning) Redundant get and set of user id.\n", errout.str());
        check("setegid(getegid());\n", NULL, false , false, true);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:1]: (warning) Redundant get and set of user id.\n", errout.str());

        check("seteuid(getuid());\n", NULL, false , false, true);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        check("seteuid(getuid());\n", NULL, false , false, true);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        check("seteuid(foo());\n", NULL, false , false, true);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        check("foo(getuid());\n", NULL, false , false, true);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void clarifyCalculation() {
        check("int f(char c) {\n"
              "    return 10 * (c == 0) ? 1 : 2;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Clarify calculation precedence for '*' and '?'.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(char c) {\n"
              "    printf(\"%i\", 10 * (c == 0) ? 1 : 2);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Clarify calculation precedence for '*' and '?'.\n", errout.str());

        // Ticket #2585 - segmentation fault for invalid code
        check("abcdef?""?<"
              "123456?""?>"
              "+?""?=");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(char c) {\n"
              "    printf(\"%i\", 1 + 1 ? 1 : 2);\n" // "1+1" is simplified away
              "}");
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Clarify calculation precedence for '+' and '?'.\n", "", errout.str()); // TODO: Is that really necessary, or is this pattern too unlikely?

        check("void f() {\n"
              "    std::cout << x << 1 ? 2 : 3;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Clarify calculation precedence for '<<' and '?'.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "    int ab = a - b ? 2 : 3;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Clarify calculation precedence for '-' and '?'.\n", errout.str());

        // ticket #195
        check("int f(int x, int y) {\n"
              "    return x >> ! y ? 8 : 2;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Clarify calculation precedence for '>>' and '?'.\n", errout.str());

        check("int f() {\n"
              "   return (shift < sizeof(int64_t)*8 ? 1 : 2);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void clarifyStatement() {
        check("char* f(char* c) {\n"
              "    *c++;\n"
              "    return c;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Ineffective statement similar to '*A++;'. Did you intend to write '(*A)++;'?\n", errout.str());

        check("char* f(char** c) {\n"
              "    *c[5]--;\n"
              "    return *c;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Ineffective statement similar to '*A++;'. Did you intend to write '(*A)++;'?\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(Foo f) {\n"
              "    *f.a++;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Ineffective statement similar to '*A++;'. Did you intend to write '(*A)++;'?\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(Foo f) {\n"
              "    *f.a[5].v[3]++;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Ineffective statement similar to '*A++;'. Did you intend to write '(*A)++;'?\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(Foo f) {\n"
              "    *f.a(1, 5).v[x + y]++;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Ineffective statement similar to '*A++;'. Did you intend to write '(*A)++;'?\n", errout.str());

        check("char* f(char* c) {\n"
              "    (*c)++;\n"
              "    return c;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(char* c) {\n"
              "    bar(*c++);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("char*** f(char*** c) {\n"
              "    ***c++;\n"
              "    return c;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Ineffective statement similar to '*A++;'. Did you intend to write '(*A)++;'?\n", errout.str());

        check("char** f(char*** c) {\n"
              "    **c[5]--;\n"
              "    return **c;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Ineffective statement similar to '*A++;'. Did you intend to write '(*A)++;'?\n", errout.str());

        check("char*** f(char*** c) {\n"
              "    (***c)++;\n"
              "    return c;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void *f(char** c) {\n"
              "    bar(**c++);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    // clarify conditions with = and comparison
    void clarifyCondition1() {
        check("void f() {\n"
              "    if (x = b() < 0) {}\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Suspicious condition (assignment + comparison); Clarify expression with parentheses.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int i) {\n"
              "    for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {}\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "    if (x = a<int>()) {}\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

    }

    // clarify conditions with bitwise operator and comparison
    void clarifyCondition2() {
        check("void f() {\n"
              "    if (x & 2 == 2) {}\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Suspicious condition (bitwise operator + comparison); Clarify expression with parentheses.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "    if (a & fred1.x == fred2.y) {}\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Suspicious condition (bitwise operator + comparison); Clarify expression with parentheses.\n", errout.str());
    }

    // clarify condition that uses ! operator and then bitwise operator
    void clarifyCondition3() {
        check("void f(int w) {\n"
              "    if(!w & 0x8000) {}\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Boolean result is used in bitwise operation. Clarify expression with parentheses.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "    if (x == foo() & 2) {}\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Boolean result is used in bitwise operation. Clarify expression with parentheses.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(std::list<int> &ints) { }");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f() { A<x &> a; }");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f() { a(x<y|z,0); }", "test.c");  // filename is c => there are never templates
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.c:1]: (style) Boolean result is used in bitwise operation. Clarify expression with parentheses.\n", errout.str());

        check("class A<B&,C>;", "test.C");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "    if (result != (char *)&inline_result) { }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void clarifyCondition4() { // ticket #3110
        check("typedef double SomeType;\n"
              "typedef std::pair<std::string,SomeType> PairType;\n"
              "struct S\n"
              "{\n"
              "     bool operator()\n"
              "         ( PairType const & left\n"
              "         , PairType const & right) const\n"
              "     {\n"
              "         return (left.first < right.first);\n"
              "     }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void clarifyCondition5() { // ticket #3609 (using | in template instantiation)
        check("CWinTraits<WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE>::GetWndStyle(0);");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void clarifyCondition6() {
        check("template<class Y>\n"
              "SharedPtr& operator=( SharedPtr<Y> const & r ) {\n"
              "    px = r.px;\n"
              "    return *this;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void incorrectStringCompare() {
        check("int f() {\n"
              "    return test.substr( 0 , 4 ) == \"Hello\" ? : 0 : 1 ;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) String literal \"Hello\" doesn't match length argument for substr().\n", errout.str());

        check("int f() {\n"
              "    return test.substr( 0 , 5 ) == \"Hello\" ? : 0 : 1 ;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("int f() {\n"
              "    return \"Hello\" == test.substr( 0 , 4 ) ? : 0 : 1 ;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) String literal \"Hello\" doesn't match length argument for substr().\n", errout.str());

        check("int f() {\n"
              "    return \"Hello\" == foo.bar<int>().z[1].substr(i+j*4, 4) ? : 0 : 1 ;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) String literal \"Hello\" doesn't match length argument for substr().\n", errout.str());

        check("int f() {\n"
              "    return \"Hello\" == test.substr( 0 , 5 ) ? : 0 : 1 ;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("int f() {\n"
              "    if (\"Hello\") { }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Conversion of string literal \"Hello\" to bool always evaluates to true.\n", errout.str());

        check("int f() {\n"
              "    if (\"Hello\" && 1) { }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Conversion of string literal \"Hello\" to bool always evaluates to true.\n", errout.str());

        check("int f() {\n"
              "    if (1 && \"Hello\") { }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Conversion of string literal \"Hello\" to bool always evaluates to true.\n", errout.str());

        check("int f() {\n"
              "    while (\"Hello\") { }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Conversion of string literal \"Hello\" to bool always evaluates to true.\n", errout.str());

        check("int f() {\n"
              "    assert (test || \"Hello\");\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Conversion of string literal \"Hello\" to bool always evaluates to true.\n", errout.str());

        check("int f() {\n"
              "    assert (test && \"Hello\");\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("int f() {\n"
              "    assert (\"Hello\" || test);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Conversion of string literal \"Hello\" to bool always evaluates to true.\n", errout.str());

        check("int f() {\n"
              "    assert (\"Hello\" && test);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("int f() {\n"
              "    BOOST_ASSERT (\"Hello\" && test);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("int f() {\n"
              "    return f2(\"Hello\");\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }


    void duplicateIf() {
        check("void f(int a, int &b) {\n"
              "    if (a) { b = 1; }\n"
              "    else if (a) { b = 2; }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2]: (style) Duplicate conditions in 'if' and related 'else if'.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int a, int &b) {\n"
              "    if (a) { b = 1; }\n"
              "    else { if (a) { b = 2; } }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:2]: (style) Duplicate conditions in 'if' and related 'else if'.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int a, int &b) {\n"
              "    if (a == 1) { b = 1; }\n"
              "    else if (a == 2) { b = 2; }\n"
              "    else if (a == 1) { b = 3; }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:2]: (style) Duplicate conditions in 'if' and related 'else if'.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int a, int &b) {\n"
              "    if (a == 1) { b = 1; }\n"
              "    else if (a == 2) { b = 2; }\n"
              "    else if (a == 2) { b = 3; }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:3]: (style) Duplicate conditions in 'if' and related 'else if'.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int a, int &b) {\n"
              "    if (a == 1) {\n"
              "        b = 1;\n"
              "        if (b == 1) { }\n"
              "        else if (b == 1) { }\n"
              "    } else if (a == 2) { b = 2; }\n"
              "    else if (a == 2) { b = 3; }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7] -> [test.cpp:6]: (style) Duplicate conditions in 'if' and related 'else if'.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:4]: (style) Duplicate conditions in 'if' and related 'else if'.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int a, int &b) {\n"
              "    if (a++) { b = 1; }\n"
              "    else if (a++) { b = 2; }\n"
              "    else if (a++) { b = 3; }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(int a, int &b) {\n"
              "    if (!strtok(NULL," ")) { b = 1; }\n"
              "    else if (!strtok(NULL," ")) { b = 2; }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(int a, int &b) {\n"
              "   if ((x = x / 2) < 100) { b = 1; }\n"
              "   else if ((x = x / 2) < 100) { b = 2; }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(int i) {\n"
              "   if(i == 0x02e2000000 || i == 0xa0c6000000)\n"
              "       foo(i);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(const std::string &token)\n"
              "{\n"
              "   if( token == \"C\")\n"
              "   {\n"
              "        std::cout << \"C\";\n"
              "   }\n"
              "   else if ( token == \"A\" )\n"
              "   {\n"
              "       std::cout << \"A\";\n"
              "   }\n"
              "   else if ( token == \"A\" )\n"
              "   {\n"
              "       std::cout << \"A\";\n"
              "   }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:11] -> [test.cpp:7]: (style) Duplicate conditions in 'if' and related 'else if'.\n", errout.str());
    }

    void duplicateBranch() {
        check("void f(int a, int &b) {\n"
              "    if (a)\n"
              "        b = 1;\n"
              "    else\n"
              "        b = 1;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:2]: (style) Found duplicate branches for 'if' and 'else'.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int a, int &b) {\n"
              "    if (a) {\n"
              "        if (a == 1)\n"
              "            b = 2;\n"
              "        else\n"
              "            b = 2;\n"
              "    } else\n"
              "        b = 1;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:3]: (style) Found duplicate branches for 'if' and 'else'.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(int a, int &b) {\n"
              "    if (a == 1)\n"
              "        b = 1;\n"
              "    else if (a)\n"
              "        b = 2;\n"
              "    else\n"
              "        b = 2;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:4]: (style) Found duplicate branches for 'if' and 'else'.\n", errout.str());

        check("int f(int signed, unsigned char value) {\n"
              "    int ret;\n"
              "    if (signed)\n"
              "        ret = (signed char)value;\n"
              "    else\n"
              "        ret = (unsigned char)value;\n"
              "    return ret;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "    if (b)\n"
              "        __asm__(\"mov ax, bx\");\n"
              "    else\n"
              "        __asm__(\"mov bx, bx\");\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str()); // #3407

        check("void f() {\n"
              "    if (b)\n"
              "        __asm__(\"mov ax, bx\");\n"
              "    else\n"
              "        __asm__(\"mov ax, bx\");\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:2]: (style) Found duplicate branches for 'if' and 'else'.\n", errout.str());
    }

    void duplicateBranch1() {

        // tests inspired by http://www.viva64.com/en/b/0149/ ( Comparison between PVS-Studio and cppcheck )
        // Errors detected in Quake 3: Arena by PVS-Studio: Fragement 2
        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "  if (front < 0)\n"
              "    frac = (front)/(front-back);\n"
              "  else\n"
              "    frac = (front)/(front-back);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:3]: (style) Found duplicate branches for 'if' and 'else'.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "  if (front < 0)\n"
              "  { frac = (front)/(front-back);}\n"
              "  else\n"
              "    frac = (front)/(front-back);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:3]: (style) Found duplicate branches for 'if' and 'else'.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f()\n"
              "{\n"
              "  if (front < 0)\n"
              "  { frac = (front)/(front-back);}\n"
              "  else\n"
              "    frac = (front)/((front-back));\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:3]: (style) Found duplicate branches for 'if' and 'else'.\n", errout.str());
    }

    void duplicateBranch2() {
        Preprocessor::macroChar = '$';

        check("void f(int x) {\n" // #4329
              "  if (x)\n"
              "    $;\n"
              "  else\n"
              "    $;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void duplicateExpression1() {
        check("void foo() {\n"
              "    if (a == a) { }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:2]: (style) Same expression on both sides of '=='.\n", errout.str());

        check("void fun() {\n"
              "    return (a && a ||\n"
              "            b == b &&\n"
              "            c - c &&\n"
              "            d > d &&\n"
              "            e < e &&\n"
              "            f);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:2]: (style) Same expression on both sides of '&&'.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:3]: (style) Same expression on both sides of '=='.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:4]: (style) Same expression on both sides of '-'.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:5]: (style) Same expression on both sides of '>'.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:6]: (style) Same expression on both sides of '<'.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo() {\n"
              "    return a && a;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:2]: (style) Same expression on both sides of '&&'.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo() {\n"
              "    a = b && b;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:2]: (style) Same expression on both sides of '&&'.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo() {\n"
              "    f(a,b == b);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:2]: (style) Same expression on both sides of '=='.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo() {\n"
              "    f(b == b, a);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:2]: (style) Same expression on both sides of '=='.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo() {\n"
              "    if (x!=2 || x!=2) {}\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:2]: (style) Same expression on both sides of '||'.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo() {\n"
              "    if (x!=2 || x!=3 || x!=2) {}\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:2]: (style) Same expression on both sides of '||'.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo() {\n"
              "    if (a && b || a && b) {}\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:2]: (style) Same expression on both sides of '||'.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo() {\n"
              "    if (a && b || b && c) {}\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo() {\n"
              "    if (a && b | b && c) {}\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo() {\n"
              "    if ((a + b) | (a + b)) {}\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:2]: (style) Same expression on both sides of '|'.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo() {\n"
              "    if ((a | b) & (a | b)) {}\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:2]: (style) Same expression on both sides of '&'.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo() {\n"
              "    if (a1[a2[c & 0xff] & 0xff]) {}\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void d(const char f, int o, int v)\n"
              "{\n"
              "     if (((f=='R') && (o == 1) && ((v < 2) || (v > 99))) ||\n"
              "         ((f=='R') && (o == 2) && ((v < 2) || (v > 99))) ||\n"
              "         ((f=='T') && (o == 2) && ((v < 200) || (v > 9999)))) {}\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void duplicateIf1() { // ticket 3689 ( avoid false positive )

        check("int fitInt(long long int nValue){\n"
              "    if( nValue < 0x7fffffffLL )\n"
              "    {\n"
              "        return 32;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    if( nValue < 0x7fffffffffffLL )\n"
              "    {\n"
              "        return 48;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "    else if( nValue < 0x7fffffffffffffffLL )\n"
              "    {\n"
              "        return 64;\n"
              "    } else\n"
              "    {\n"
              "        return -1;\n"
              "    }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void duplicateExpression2() { // check if float is NaN or Inf
        check("int main()\n" // ticket #2730
              "{\n"
              "    long double ldbl;\n"
              "    double dbl, in;\n"
              "    float  flt;\n"
              "    int have_nan = 0;\n"
              "    ldbl = sqrtl(-1.0);\n"
              "    dbl = sqrt(-1.0);\n"
              "    flt = sqrtf(-1.0);\n"
              "    if (ldbl != ldbl) have_nan = 1;\n"
              "    if (!(dbl == dbl)) have_nan = 1;\n"
              "    if (flt != flt) have_nan = 1;\n"
              "    return have_nan;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7]: (error) Passing value -1.0 to sqrtl() leads to undefined result.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:8]: (error) Passing value -1.0 to sqrt() leads to undefined result.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:9]: (error) Passing value -1.0 to sqrtf() leads to undefined result.\n", errout.str());

        check("float f(float x) { return x-x; }"); // ticket #4485 (Inf)
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void duplicateExpression3() {
        check("void foo() {\n"
              "    if (x() || x()) {}\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("struct A {\n"
              "  void foo() const;\n"
              "  bool bar() const;\n"
              "};\n"
              "void A::foo() const {\n"
              "    if (bar() && bar()) {}\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6] -> [test.cpp:6]: (style) Same expression on both sides of '&&'.\n", errout.str());

        check("struct A {\n"
              "  void foo();\n"
              "  bool bar();\n"
              "  bool bar() const;\n"
              "};\n"
              "void A::foo() {\n"
              "    if (bar() && bar()) {}\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("class B {\n"
              "    void bar(int i);\n"
              "};\n"
              "class A {\n"
              "    void bar(int i) const;\n"
              "};\n"
              "void foo() {\n"
              "    B b;\n"
              "    A a;\n"
              "    if (b.bar(1) && b.bar(1)) {}\n"
              "    if (a.bar(1) && a.bar(1)) {}\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:11] -> [test.cpp:11]: (style) Same expression on both sides of '&&'.\n", errout.str());

        check("class D { void strcmp(); };\n"
              "void foo() {\n"
              "    D d;\n"
              "    if (d.strcmp() && d.strcmp()) {}\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo() {\n"
              "    if ((strcmp(a, b) == 0) || (strcmp(a, b) == 0)) {}\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:2]: (style) Same expression on both sides of '||'.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo() {\n"
              "    if (str == \"(\" || str == \"(\") {}\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:2]: (style) Same expression on both sides of '||'.\n", errout.str());

        check("void foo() {\n"
              "    if (bar(a) && !strcmp(a, b) && bar(a) && !strcmp(a, b)) {}\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void duplicateExpression4() {
        check("void foo() {\n"
              "    if (*a++ != b || *a++ != b) {}\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void foo() {\n"
              "    if (*a-- != b || *a-- != b) {}\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void duplicateExpression5() {  // #3749 - macros with same values
        Preprocessor::macroChar = '$';
        check("void f() {\n"
              "    if ($a == $a) { }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void duplicateExpression6() {  // #4639
        check("float IsNan(float value) { return !(value == value); }\n"
              "double IsNan(double value) { return !(value == value); }\n"
              "long double IsNan(long double value) { return !(value == value); }");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void alwaysTrueFalseStringCompare() {
        check_preprocess_suppress(
            "#define MACRO \"00FF00\"\n"
            "int main()\n"
            "{\n"
            "  if (strcmp(MACRO,\"00FF00\") == 0)"
            "  {"
            "    std::cout << \"Equal\n\""
            "  }"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (warning) Unnecessary comparison of static strings.\n", errout.str());

        check_preprocess_suppress(
            "int main()\n"
            "{\n"
            "  if (stricmp(\"hotdog\",\"HOTdog\") == 0)"
            "  {"
            "    std::cout << \"Equal\n\""
            "  }"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (warning) Unnecessary comparison of static strings.\n", errout.str());

        check_preprocess_suppress(
            "#define MACRO \"Hotdog\"\n"
            "int main()\n"
            "{\n"
            "  if (QString::compare(\"Hamburger\", MACRO) == 0)"
            "  {"
            "    std::cout << \"Equal\n\""
            "  }"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (warning) Unnecessary comparison of static strings.\n", errout.str());

        check_preprocess_suppress(
            "int main()\n"
            "{\n"
            "  if (QString::compare(argv[2], \"hotdog\") == 0)"
            "  {"
            "    std::cout << \"Equal\n\""
            "  }"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check_preprocess_suppress(
            "int main()\n"
            "{\n"
            "  if (strncmp(\"hotdog\",\"hotdog\", 6) == 0)"
            "  {"
            "    std::cout << \"Equal\n\""
            "  }"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (warning) Unnecessary comparison of static strings.\n", errout.str());

        check(
            "int foo(const char *buf)\n"
            "{\n"
            "  if (strcmp(buf, buf) == 0)"
            "  {"
            "    std::cout << \"Equal\n\""
            "  }"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (warning) Comparison of identical string variables.\n", errout.str());

        check_preprocess_suppress(
            "int main() {\n"
            "  if (\"str\" == \"str\") {\n"
            "    std::cout << \"Equal\n\"\n"
            "  }\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Unnecessary comparison of static strings.\n", errout.str());

        check_preprocess_suppress(
            "int main() {\n"
            "  if (\"str\" != \"str\") {\n"
            "    std::cout << \"Equal\n\"\n"
            "  }\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) Unnecessary comparison of static strings.\n", errout.str());

        check_preprocess_suppress(
            "int main() {\n"
            "  if (a+\"str\" != \"str\"+b) {\n"
            "    std::cout << \"Equal\n\"\n"
            "  }\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void suspiciousStringCompare() {
        check("bool foo(char* c) {\n"
              "    return c == \"x\";\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) String literal compared with variable 'c'. Did you intend to use strcmp() instead?\n", errout.str());

        check("bool foo(const char* c) {\n"
              "    return \"x\" == c;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) String literal compared with variable 'c'. Did you intend to use strcmp() instead?\n", errout.str());

        check("bool foo(char* c) {\n"
              "    return foo+\"x\" == c;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("bool foo(char* c) {\n"
              "    return \"x\" == c+foo;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("bool foo(const std::string& c) {\n"
              "    return \"x\" == c;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("bool foo(const Foo* c) {\n"
              "    return \"x\" == c->bar();\n" // #4314
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // Ticket #4257
        check("bool foo() {\n"
              "MyString *str=Getter();\n"
              "return *str==\"bug\"; }\n", "test.c");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.c:3]: (warning) String literal compared with variable 'str'. Did you intend to use strcmp() instead?\n", errout.str());

        // Ticket #4257
        check("bool foo() {\n"
              "MyString *str=Getter();\n"
              "return *str==\"bug\"; }");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // Ticket #4257
        check("bool foo() {\n"
              "MyString **str=OtherGetter();\n"
              "return *str==\"bug\"; }");
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) String literal compared with variable 'c'. Did you intend to use strcmp() instead?\n",
                           "",
                           errout.str());

        // Ticket #4257
        check("bool foo() {\n"
              "MyString str=OtherGetter2();\n"
              "return &str==\"bug\"; }");
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning) String literal compared with variable 'c'. Did you intend to use strcmp() instead?\n",
                           "",
                           errout.str());
    }

    void check_signOfUnsignedVariable(const char code[], bool inconclusive=false) {
        // Clear the error buffer..
        errout.str("");

        Settings settings;
        settings.addEnabled("style");
        settings.inconclusive = inconclusive;

        // Tokenize..
        Tokenizer tokenizer(&settings, this);
        std::istringstream istr(code);
        tokenizer.tokenize(istr, "test.cpp");

        // Check for redundant code..
        CheckOther checkOther(&tokenizer, &settings, this);
        checkOther.checkSignOfUnsignedVariable();
    }

    void checkSignOfUnsignedVariable() {
        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "void foo() {\n"
            "  for(unsigned char i = 10; i >= 0; i--)"
            "    printf(\"%u\", i);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Unsigned variable 'i' can't be negative so it is unnecessary to test it.\n", errout.str());

        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "void foo(bool b) {\n"
            "  for(unsigned int i = 10; b || i >= 0; i--)"
            "    printf(\"%u\", i);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Unsigned variable 'i' can't be negative so it is unnecessary to test it.\n", errout.str());

        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(unsigned int x) {\n"
            "  if (x < 0)"
            "    return true;\n"
            "  return false;\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Checking if unsigned variable 'x' is less than zero.\n", errout.str());

        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(int x) {\n"
            "  if (x < 0)"
            "    return true;\n"
            "  return false;\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(unsigned int x) {\n"
            "  if (0 > x)"
            "    return true;\n"
            "  return false;\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Checking if unsigned variable 'x' is less than zero.\n", errout.str());

        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(int x) {\n"
            "  if (0 > x)"
            "    return true;\n"
            "  return false;\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(unsigned int x) {\n"
            "  if (x >= 0)"
            "    return true;\n"
            "  return false;\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Unsigned variable 'x' can't be negative so it is unnecessary to test it.\n", errout.str());

        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(int x) {\n"
            "  if (x >= 0)"
            "    return true;\n"
            "  return false;\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());


        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(unsigned int x, bool y) {\n"
            "  if (x < 0 && y)"
            "    return true;\n"
            "  return false;\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Checking if unsigned variable 'x' is less than zero.\n", errout.str());

        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(int x, bool y) {\n"
            "  if (x < 0 && y)"
            "    return true;\n"
            "  return false;\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(unsigned int x, bool y) {\n"
            "  if (0 > x && y)"
            "    return true;\n"
            "  return false;\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Checking if unsigned variable 'x' is less than zero.\n", errout.str());

        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(int x, bool y) {\n"
            "  if (0 > x && y)"
            "    return true;\n"
            "  return false;\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(unsigned int x, bool y) {\n"
            "  if (x >= 0 && y)"
            "    return true;\n"
            "  return false;\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Unsigned variable 'x' can't be negative so it is unnecessary to test it.\n", errout.str());

        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(int x, bool y) {\n"
            "  if (x >= 0 && y)"
            "    return true;\n"
            "  return false;\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());


        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(unsigned int x, bool y) {\n"
            "  if (y && x < 0)"
            "    return true;\n"
            "  return false;\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Checking if unsigned variable 'x' is less than zero.\n", errout.str());

        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(int x, bool y) {\n"
            "  if (y && x < 0)"
            "    return true;\n"
            "  return false;\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(unsigned int x, bool y) {\n"
            "  if (y && 0 > x)"
            "    return true;\n"
            "  return false;\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Checking if unsigned variable 'x' is less than zero.\n", errout.str());

        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(int x, bool y) {\n"
            "  if (y && 0 > x)"
            "    return true;\n"
            "  return false;\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(unsigned int x, bool y) {\n"
            "  if (y && x >= 0)"
            "    return true;\n"
            "  return false;\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Unsigned variable 'x' can't be negative so it is unnecessary to test it.\n", errout.str());

        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(int x, bool y) {\n"
            "  if (y && x >= 0)"
            "    return true;\n"
            "  return false;\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());


        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(unsigned int x, bool y) {\n"
            "  if (x < 0 || y)"
            "    return true;\n"
            "  return false;\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Checking if unsigned variable 'x' is less than zero.\n", errout.str());

        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(int x, bool y) {\n"
            "  if (x < 0 || y)"
            "    return true;\n"
            "  return false;\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(unsigned int x, bool y) {\n"
            "  if (0 > x || y)"
            "    return true;\n"
            "  return false;\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Checking if unsigned variable 'x' is less than zero.\n", errout.str());

        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(int x, bool y) {\n"
            "  if (0 > x || y)"
            "    return true;\n"
            "  return false;\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(unsigned int x, bool y) {\n"
            "  if (x >= 0 || y)"
            "    return true;\n"
            "  return false;\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) Unsigned variable 'x' can't be negative so it is unnecessary to test it.\n", errout.str());

        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(int x, bool y) {\n"
            "  if (x >= 0 || y)"
            "    return true;\n"
            "  return false;\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // #3233 - FP when template is used (template parameter is numeric constant)
        {
            const char code[] =
                "template<int n> void foo(unsigned int x) {\n"
                "  if (x <= n);\n"
                "}\n"
                "foo<0>();";
            check_signOfUnsignedVariable(code, false);
            ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
            check_signOfUnsignedVariable(code, true);
            ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style, inconclusive) Checking if unsigned variable 'x' is less than zero. This might be a false warning.\n", errout.str());
        }
    }

    void checkSignOfPointer() {
        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(int* x) {\n"
            "  if (x >= 0)"
            "    bar();\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) A pointer can not be negative so it is either pointless or an error to check if it is not.\n", errout.str());

        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(int* x) {\n"
            "  if (*x >= 0)"
            "    bar();\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(int* x) {\n"
            "  if (x < 0)"
            "    bar();\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) A pointer can not be negative so it is either pointless or an error to check if it is.\n", errout.str());

        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(int* x) {\n"
            "  if (*x < 0)"
            "    bar();\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(Bar* x) {\n"
            "  if (0 <= x)"
            "    bar();\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) A pointer can not be negative so it is either pointless or an error to check if it is not.\n", errout.str());

        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(int* x) {\n"
            "  if (0 <= x[0])"
            "    bar();\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(Bar* x) {\n"
            "  if (0 <= x.y)"
            "    bar();\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(Bar* x) {\n"
            "  if (0 > x)"
            "    bar();\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (style) A pointer can not be negative so it is either pointless or an error to check if it is.\n", errout.str());

        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(int* x) {\n"
            "  if (0 > x[0])"
            "    bar();\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check_signOfUnsignedVariable(
            "bool foo(Bar* x) {\n"
            "  if (0 > x.y)"
            "    bar();\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void checkForSuspiciousSemicolon1() {
        check(
            "void foo() {\n"
            "  for(int i = 0; i < 10; ++i);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // Empty block
        check(
            "void foo() {\n"
            "  for(int i = 0; i < 10; ++i); {\n"
            "  }\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning, inconclusive) Suspicious use of ; at the end of 'for' statement.\n", errout.str());

        // Block with some tokens to make sure the tokenizer output
        // stays the same for "for(); {}"
        check(
            "void foo() {\n"
            "  for(int i = 0; i < 10; ++i); {\n"
            "  int j = 123;\n"
            "  }\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning, inconclusive) Suspicious use of ; at the end of 'for' statement.\n", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo() {\n"
            "  while (!quit); {\n"
            "    do_something();\n"
            "  }\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning, inconclusive) Suspicious use of ; at the end of 'while' statement.\n", errout.str());
    }

    void checkForSuspiciousSemicolon2() {
        check(
            "void foo() {\n"
            "  if (i == 1); {\n"
            "    do_something();\n"
            "  }\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (warning, inconclusive) Suspicious use of ; at the end of 'if' statement.\n", errout.str());

        // Seen this in the wild
        check(
            "void foo() {\n"
            "  if (Match());\n"
            "  do_something();\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo() {\n"
            "  if (Match());\n"
            "  else\n"
            "    do_something();\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo() {\n"
            "  if (i == 1)\n"
            "       ;\n"
            "  {\n"
            "    do_something();\n"
            "  }\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo() {\n"
            "  if (i == 1);\n"
            "\n"
            "  {\n"
            "    do_something();\n"
            "  }\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void checkDoubleFree() {
        check(
            "void foo(char *p) {\n"
            "  free(p);\n"
            "  free(p);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Memory pointed to by 'p' is freed twice.\n", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(char *p, char *r) {\n"
            "  free(p);\n"
            "  free(r);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo() {\n"
            "  free(p);\n"
            "  free(r);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(char *p) {\n"
            "  if (x < 3) free(p);\n"
            "  else if (x > 9) free(p);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(char *p) {\n"
            "  free(p);\n"
            "  getNext(&p);\n"
            "  free(p);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(char *p) {\n"
            "  free(p);\n"
            "  bar();\n"
            "  free(p);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Memory pointed to by 'p' is freed twice.\n", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(char *p) {\n"
            "  free(p);\n"
            "  printf(\"Freed memory at location %x\", (unsigned int) p);\n"
            "  free(p);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Memory pointed to by 'p' is freed twice.\n", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(DIR *p) {\n"
            "  closedir(p);\n"
            "  closedir(p);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Directory handle 'p' closed twice.\n", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(DIR *p, DIR *r) {\n"
            "  closedir(p);\n"
            "  closedir(r);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(DIR *p) {\n"
            "  if (x < 3) closedir(p);\n"
            "  else if (x > 9) closedir(p);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(DIR *p) {\n"
            "  closedir(p);\n"
            "  gethandle(&p);\n"
            "  closedir(p);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(DIR *p) {\n"
            "  closedir(p);\n"
            "  gethandle();\n"
            "  closedir(p);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Directory handle 'p' closed twice.\n", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(Data* p) {\n"
            "  free(p->a);\n"
            "  free(p->b);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check(
            "void f() {\n"
            "    char *p = malloc(100);\n"
            "    if (x) {\n"
            "        free(p);\n"
            "        exit();\n"
            "    }\n"
            "    free(p);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check(
            "void f() {\n"
            "    char *p = malloc(100);\n"
            "    if (x) {\n"
            "        free(p);\n"
            "        x = 0;\n"
            "    }\n"
            "    free(p);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:7]: (error) Memory pointed to by 'p' is freed twice.\n", errout.str());

        check(
            "void f() {\n"
            "    char *p = do_something();\n"
            "    free(p);\n"
            "    p = do_something();\n"
            "    free(p);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(char *p) {\n"
            "  g_free(p);\n"
            "  g_free(p);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Memory pointed to by 'p' is freed twice.\n", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(char *p, char *r) {\n"
            "  g_free(p);\n"
            "  g_free(r);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(char *p) {\n"
            "  g_free(p);\n"
            "  getNext(&p);\n"
            "  g_free(p);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(char *p) {\n"
            "  g_free(p);\n"
            "  bar();\n"
            "  g_free(p);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Memory pointed to by 'p' is freed twice.\n", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(char *p) {\n"
            "  delete p;\n"
            "  delete p;\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Memory pointed to by 'p' is freed twice.\n", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(char *p, char *r) {\n"
            "  delete p;\n"
            "  delete r;\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(char *p) {\n"
            "  delete p;\n"
            "  getNext(&p);\n"
            "  delete p;\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(char *p) {\n"
            "  delete p;\n"
            "  bar();\n"
            "  delete p;\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Memory pointed to by 'p' is freed twice.\n", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(char *p) {\n"
            "  delete[] p;\n"
            "  delete[] p;\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Memory pointed to by 'p' is freed twice.\n", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(char *p, char *r) {\n"
            "  delete[] p;\n"
            "  delete[] r;\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(char *p) {\n"
            "  delete[] p;\n"
            "  getNext(&p);\n"
            "  delete[] p;\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(char *p) {\n"
            "  delete[] p;\n"
            "  bar();\n"
            "  delete[] p;\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Memory pointed to by 'p' is freed twice.\n", errout.str());

        check(
            "~LineMarker() {\n"
            "  delete pxpm;\n"
            "}\n"
            "LineMarker &operator=(const LineMarker &) {\n"
            "  delete pxpm;\n"
            "  pxpm = NULL;\n"
            "  return *this;\n"
            "}"
        );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo()\n"
            "{\n"
            "  int* ptr = NULL;\n"
            "  try\n"
            "    {\n"
            "      ptr = new int(4);\n"
            "    }\n"
            "  catch(...)\n"
            "    {\n"
            "      delete ptr;\n"
            "      throw;\n"
            "    }\n"
            "  delete ptr;\n"
            "}"
        );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check(
            "int foo()\n"
            "{\n"
            "   int* a = new int;\n"
            "   bool doDelete = true;\n"
            "   if (a != 0)\n"
            "   {\n"
            "       doDelete = false;\n"
            "       delete a;\n"
            "   }\n"
            "   if(doDelete)\n"
            "       delete a;\n"
            "   return 0;\n"
            "}"
        );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(int y)\n"
            "{\n"
            "    char * x = NULL;\n"
            "    while(1) {\n"
            "        x = new char[100];\n"
            "        if (y++ > 100)\n"
            "            break;\n"
            "        delete[] x;\n"
            "    }\n"
            "    delete[] x;\n"
            "}"
        );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(int y)\n"
            "{\n"
            "    char * x = NULL;\n"
            "    for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {\n"
            "        x = new char[100];\n"
            "        delete[] x;\n"
            "    }\n"
            "    delete[] x;\n"
            "}"
        );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:8]: (error) Memory pointed to by 'x' is freed twice.\n", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(int y)\n"
            "{\n"
            "    char * x = NULL;\n"
            "    while (isRunning()) {\n"
            "        x = new char[100];\n"
            "        delete[] x;\n"
            "    }\n"
            "    delete[] x;\n"
            "}"
        );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:8]: (error) Memory pointed to by 'x' is freed twice.\n", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(int y)\n"
            "{\n"
            "    char * x = NULL;\n"
            "    while (isRunning()) {\n"
            "        x = malloc(100);\n"
            "        free(x);\n"
            "    }\n"
            "    free(x);\n"
            "}"
        );
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:8]: (error) Memory pointed to by 'x' is freed twice.\n", "", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(int y)\n"
            "{\n"
            "    char * x = NULL;\n"
            "    for (;;) {\n"
            "        x = new char[100];\n"
            "        if (y++ > 100)\n"
            "            break;\n"
            "        delete[] x;\n"
            "    }\n"
            "    delete[] x;\n"
            "}"
        );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(int y)\n"
            "{\n"
            "    char * x = NULL;\n"
            "    do {\n"
            "        x = new char[100];\n"
            "        if (y++ > 100)\n"
            "            break;\n"
            "        delete[] x;\n"
            "    } while (1);\n"
            "    delete[] x;\n"
            "}"
        );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check(
            "void f()\n"
            "{\n"
            "    char *p = 0;\n"
            "    if (x < 100) {\n"
            "        p = malloc(10);\n"
            "        free(p);\n"
            "    }\n"
            "    free(p);\n"
            "}"
        );
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:8]: (error) Memory pointed to by 'p' is freed twice.\n", "", errout.str());

        check(
            "void MyFuction()\n"
            "{\n"
            "    char* data = new char[100];\n"
            "    try\n"
            "    {\n"
            "    }\n"
            "    catch(err)\n"
            "    {\n"
            "        delete[] data;\n"
            "        MyThrow(err);\n"
            "    }\n"
            "    delete[] data;\n"
            "}\n"

            "void MyThrow(err)\n"
            "{\n"
            "    throw(err);\n"
            "}\n"
        );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check(
            "void MyFuction()\n"
            "{\n"
            "    char* data = new char[100];\n"
            "    try\n"
            "    {\n"
            "    }\n"
            "    catch(err)\n"
            "    {\n"
            "        delete[] data;\n"
            "        MyExit(err);\n"
            "    }\n"
            "    delete[] data;\n"
            "}\n"

            "void MyExit(err)\n"
            "{\n"
            "    exit(err);\n"
            "}\n"
        );
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());


    }


    void checkInvalidFree() {
        check(
            "void foo(char *p) {\n"
            "  char *a = (char *)malloc(1024);\n"
            "  free(a + 10);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Invalid memory address freed.\n", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(char *p) {\n"
            "  char *a = (char *)malloc(1024);\n"
            "  free(a - 10);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Invalid memory address freed.\n", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(char *p) {\n"
            "  char *a = (char *)malloc(1024);\n"
            "  free(10 + a);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Invalid memory address freed.\n", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(char *p) {\n"
            "  char *a = new char[1024];\n"
            "  delete[] (a + 10);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Invalid memory address freed.\n", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(char *p) {\n"
            "  char *a = new char;\n"
            "  delete (a + 10);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Invalid memory address freed.\n", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(char *p) {\n"
            "  char *a = new char;\n"
            "  bar(a);\n"
            "  delete (a + 10);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(char *p) {\n"
            "  char *a = new char;\n"
            "  char *b = new char;\n"
            "  bar(a);\n"
            "  delete (a + 10);\n"
            "  delete (b + 10);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:6]: (error) Invalid memory address freed.\n", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(char *p) {\n"
            "  char *a = new char;\n"
            "  char *b = new char;\n"
            "  bar(a, b);\n"
            "  delete (a + 10);\n"
            "  delete (b + 10);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(char *p) {\n"
            "  char *a = new char;\n"
            "  bar()\n"
            "  delete (a + 10);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Invalid memory address freed.\n", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(size_t xx) {\n"
            "  char *ptr = malloc(42);\n"
            "  ptr += xx;\n"
            "  free(ptr - xx - 1);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error, inconclusive) Invalid memory address freed.\n", errout.str());

        check(
            "void foo(size_t xx) {\n"
            "  char *ptr = malloc(42);\n"
            "  std::cout << ptr;\n"
            "  ptr = otherPtr;\n"
            "  free(ptr - xx - 1);\n"
            "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void check_redundant_copy(const char code[]) {
        // Clear the error buffer..
        errout.str("");

        Settings settings;
        settings.addEnabled("performance");

        // Tokenize..
        Tokenizer tokenizer(&settings, this);
        std::istringstream istr(code);
        tokenizer.tokenize(istr, "test.cpp");

        // Simplify token list..
        CheckOther checkOther(&tokenizer, &settings, this);
        tokenizer.simplifyTokenList();
        checkOther.checkRedundantCopy();
    }
    void checkRedundantCopy() {
        check_redundant_copy("class A{public:A(){}};\n"
                             "const A& getA(){static A a;return a;}\n"
                             "int main()\n"
                             "{\n"
                             "    const A a = getA();\n"
                             "    return 0;\n"
                             "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (performance) Use const reference for 'a' to avoid unnecessary data copying.\n", errout.str());

        check_redundant_copy("const int& getA(){static int a;return a;}\n"
                             "int main()\n"
                             "{\n"
                             "    const int a = getA();\n"
                             "    return 0;\n"
                             "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check_redundant_copy("const int& getA(){static int a;return a;}\n"
                             "int main()\n"
                             "{\n"
                             "    int getA = 0;\n"
                             "    const int a = getA + 3;\n"
                             "    return 0;\n"
                             "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check_redundant_copy("class A{public:A(){}};\n"
                             "const A& getA(){static A a;return a;}\n"
                             "int main()\n"
                             "{\n"
                             "    const A a(getA());\n"
                             "    return 0;\n"
                             "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (performance) Use const reference for 'a' to avoid unnecessary data copying.\n", errout.str());

        check_redundant_copy("const int& getA(){static int a;return a;}\n"
                             "int main()\n"
                             "{\n"
                             "    const int a(getA());\n"
                             "    return 0;\n"
                             "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check_redundant_copy("class A{\n"
                             "public:A(int a=0){_a = a;}\n"
                             "A operator+(const A & a){return A(_a+a._a);}\n"
                             "private:int _a;};\n"
                             "const A& getA(){static A a;return a;}\n"
                             "int main()\n"
                             "{\n"
                             "    const A a = getA() + 1;\n"
                             "    return 0;\n"
                             "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check_redundant_copy("class A{\n"
                             "public:A(int a=0){_a = a;}\n"
                             "A operator+(const A & a){return A(_a+a._a);}\n"
                             "private:int _a;};\n"
                             "const A& getA(){static A a;return a;}\n"
                             "int main()\n"
                             "{\n"
                             "    const A a(getA()+1);\n"
                             "    return 0;\n"
                             "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void checkNegativeShift() {
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "   int a = 123;\n"
              "   a << -1;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Shifting by a negative value.\n", errout.str());
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "   int a = 123;\n"
              "   int i = -1;\n"
              "   a << i;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Shifting by a negative value.\n", errout.str());
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "   int a = 123;\n"
              "   a >> -1;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Shifting by a negative value.\n", errout.str());
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "   int a = 123;\n"
              "   int i = -1;\n"
              "   a >> i;\n"
              "}");
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Shifting by a negative value.\n", "", errout.str());
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "   int a = 123;\n"
              "   a <<= -1;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Shifting by a negative value.\n", errout.str());
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "   int a = 123;\n"
              "   a >>= -1;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Shifting by a negative value.\n", errout.str());
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "   int a = 123 << -1;\n"
              "}");
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Shifting by a negative value.\n", "", errout.str());
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "   std::cout << -1;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "   std::cout << a << -1 ;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
        check("void foo()\n"
              "{\n"
              "   std::cout << 3 << -1 ;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void incompleteArrayFill() {
        check("void f() {\n"
              "    int a[5];\n"
              "    memset(a, 123, 5);\n"
              "    memcpy(a, b, 5);\n"
              "    memmove(a, b, 5);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:4]: (performance) Buffer 'a' is being written before its old content has been used.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:5]: (performance) Buffer 'a' is being written before its old content has been used.\n"
                      "[test.cpp:3]: (warning, inconclusive) Array 'a' is filled incompletely. Did you forget to multiply the size given to 'memset()' with 'sizeof(*a)'?\n"
                      "[test.cpp:4]: (warning, inconclusive) Array 'a' is filled incompletely. Did you forget to multiply the size given to 'memcpy()' with 'sizeof(*a)'?\n"
                      "[test.cpp:5]: (warning, inconclusive) Array 'a' is filled incompletely. Did you forget to multiply the size given to 'memmove()' with 'sizeof(*a)'?\n", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "    Foo* a[5];\n"
              "    memset(a, 'a', 5);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (warning, inconclusive) Array 'a' is filled incompletely. Did you forget to multiply the size given to 'memset()' with 'sizeof(*a)'?\n", errout.str());

        check("class Foo {int a; int b;};\n"
              "void f() {\n"
              "    Foo a[5];\n"
              "    memset(a, 'a', 5);\n"
              "}");
        TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (warning, inconclusive) Array 'a' is filled incompletely. Did you forget to multiply the size given to 'memset()' with 'sizeof(*a)'?\n", "", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "    Foo a[5];\n" // Size of foo is unknown
              "    memset(a, 'a', 5);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "    char a[5];\n"
              "    memset(a, 'a', 5);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "    int a[5];\n"
              "    memset(a+15, 'a', 5);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "    bool a[5];\n"
              "    memset(a, false, 5*sizeof(bool));\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "    bool a[5];\n"
              "    memset(a, false, 5*sizeof(*a));\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "    bool a[5];\n"
              "    memset(a, false, 5);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (portability, inconclusive) Array 'a' might be filled incompletely. Did you forget to multiply the size given to 'memset()' with 'sizeof(*a)'?\n", errout.str());
    }

    void redundantVarAssignment() {
        // Simple tests
        check("void f(int i) {\n"
              "    i = 1;\n"
              "    i = 1;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:3]: (performance) Variable 'i' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used.\n", errout.str());

        check("int i;\n"
              "void f() {\n"
              "    i = 1;\n"
              "    i = 1;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:4]: (performance, inconclusive) Variable 'i' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used if variable is no semaphore variable.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "    int i;\n"
              "    i = 1;\n"
              "    i = 1;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:4]: (performance) Variable 'i' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "    static int i;\n"
              "    i = 1;\n"
              "    i = 1;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:4]: (performance, inconclusive) Variable 'i' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used if variable is no semaphore variable.\n", errout.str());

        // Testing different types
        check("void f() {\n"
              "    Foo& bar = foo();\n"
              "    bar = x;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "    Foo& bar = foo();\n"
              "    bar = x;\n"
              "    bar = y;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:4]: (performance, inconclusive) Variable 'bar' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used if variable is no semaphore variable.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "    Foo& bar = foo();\n" // #4425. bar might refer to something global, etc.
              "    bar = y();\n"
              "    foo();\n"
              "    bar = y();\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // Tests with function call between assignment
        check("void f(int i) {\n"
              "    i = 1;\n"
              "    bar();\n"
              "    i = 1;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:4]: (performance) Variable 'i' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used.\n", errout.str());

        check("int i;\n"
              "void f() {\n"
              "    i = 1;\n"
              "    bar();\n" // Global variable might be accessed in bar()
              "    i = 1;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "    static int i;\n"
              "    i = 1;\n"
              "    bar();\n" // bar() might call f() recursively. This could be a false positive in more complex examples (when value of i is used somewhere. See #4229)
              "    i = 2;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "    int i;\n"
              "    i = 1;\n"
              "    bar();\n"
              "    i = 1;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:5]: (performance) Variable 'i' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used.\n", errout.str());

        check("void bar(int i) {}\n"
              "void f(int i) {\n"
              "    i = 1;\n"
              "    bar(i);\n" // Passed as argument
              "    i = 1;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // Branch tests
        check("void f(int i) {\n"
              "    i = 1;\n"
              "    if(x)\n"
              "        i = 0;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(int i) {\n"
              "    if(x)\n"
              "        i = 0;\n"
              "    i = 1;\n"
              "    i = 2;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4] -> [test.cpp:5]: (performance) Variable 'i' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used.\n", errout.str());

        // #4513
        check("int x;\n"
              "int g() {\n"
              "    return x*x;\n"
              "}\n"
              "void f() {\n"
              "    x = 2;\n"
              "    x = g();\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("int g() {\n"
              "    return x*x;\n"
              "}\n"
              "void f(int x) {\n"
              "    x = 2;\n"
              "    x = g();\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5] -> [test.cpp:6]: (performance) Variable 'x' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "    Foo& bar = foo();\n"
              "    bar = x;\n"
              "    bar = y();\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("class C {\n"
              "    int x;\n"
              "    void g() { return x*x; }\n"
              "    void f();\n"
              "};\n"
              "\n"
              "void C::f() {\n"
              "    x = 2;\n"
              "    x = g();\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("class C {\n"
              "    int x;\n"
              "    void g() { return x*x; }\n"
              "    void f();\n"
              "};\n"
              "\n"
              "void C::f(Foo z) {\n"
              "    x = 2;\n"
              "    x = z.g();\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:8] -> [test.cpp:9]: (performance, inconclusive) Variable 'x' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used if variable is no semaphore variable.\n", errout.str());

        // from #3103 (avoid a false negative)
        check("int foo(){\n"
              "    int x;\n"
              "    x = 1;\n"
              "    x = 1;\n"
              "    return x + 1;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:4]: (performance) Variable 'x' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used.\n", errout.str());

        // from #3103 (avoid a false positive)
        check("int foo(){\n"
              "    int x;\n"
              "    x = 1;\n"
              "    if (y)\n" // <-- cppcheck does not know anything about 'y'
              "        x = 2;\n"
              "    return x + 1;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void redundantMemWrite() {
        // Simple tests
        check("void f(void* a) {\n"
              "    memcpy(a, foo, bar);\n"
              "    memset(a, 0, bar);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:3]: (performance) Buffer 'a' is being written before its old content has been used.\n", errout.str());

        check("void* a;\n"
              "void f() {\n"
              "    strcpy(a, foo);\n"
              "    strncpy(a, 0, bar);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:4]: (performance) Buffer 'a' is being written before its old content has been used.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "    void* a = foo();\n"
              "    sprintf(a, foo);\n"
              "    memmove(a, 0, bar);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:4]: (performance) Buffer 'a' is being written before its old content has been used.\n", errout.str());

        // Writing to different parts of a buffer
        check("void f(void* a) {\n"
              "    memcpy(a, foo, bar);\n"
              "    memset(a+5, 0, bar);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // Use variable as second argument
        check("void f(void* a, void* b) {\n"
              "    memset(a, 0, 5);\n"
              "    memcpy(b, a, 5);\n"
              "    memset(a, 1, 5);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // strcat is special
        check("void f(void* a) {\n"
              "    strcpy(a, foo);\n"
              "    strcat(a, bar);\n" // Not redundant
              "    strcpy(a, x);\n" // Redundant
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:4]: (performance) Buffer 'a' is being written before its old content has been used.\n", errout.str());

        // Tests with function call between copy
        check("void f(void* a) {\n"
              "    snprintf(a, foo, bar);\n"
              "    bar();\n"
              "    memset(a, 0, size);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:4]: (performance) Buffer 'a' is being written before its old content has been used.\n", errout.str());

        check("void* a;\n"
              "void f() {\n"
              "    memset(a, 0, size);\n"
              "    bar();\n" // Global variable might be accessed in bar()
              "    memset(a, 0, size);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "    void* a = foo();\n"
              "    memset(a, 0, size);\n"
              "    bar();\n"
              "    memset(a, 0, size);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3] -> [test.cpp:5]: (performance) Buffer 'a' is being written before its old content has been used.\n", errout.str());

        check("void bar(void* a) {}\n"
              "void f(void* a) {\n"
              "    memset(a, 0, size);\n"
              "    bar(a);\n" // Passed as argument
              "    memset(a, 0, size);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // Branch tests
        check("void f(void* a) {\n"
              "    memset(a, 0, size);\n"
              "    if(x)\n"
              "        memset(a, 0, size);\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void varFuncNullUB() { // #4482
        check("void a(...);\n"
              "void b() { a(NULL); }");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (portability) Passing NULL after the last typed argument to a variadic function leads to undefined behaviour.\n", errout.str());

        check("void a(char *p, ...);\n"
              "void b() { a(NULL, 2); }");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void checkPipeParameterSize() { // #3521
        check("void f(){\n"
              "int pipefd[1];\n" //<--  array of two integers is needed
              "if (pipe(pipefd) == -1) {\n"
              "    return;\n"
              "  }\n"
              "}",NULL,false,false,true);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Buffer 'pipefd' must have size of 2 integers if used as parameter of pipe().\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(){\n"
              "int pipefd[2];\n"
              "if (pipe(pipefd) == -1) {\n"
              "    return;\n"
              "  }\n"
              "}",NULL,false,false,true);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(){\n"
              "int pipefd[20];\n"
              "if (pipe(pipefd) == -1) {\n"
              "    return;\n"
              "  }\n"
              "}",NULL,false,false,true);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(){\n"
              "int pipefd[1];\n" //<--  array of two integers is needed
              "if (pipe2(pipefd,0) == -1) {\n"
              "    return;\n"
              "  }\n"
              "}",NULL,false,false,true);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (error) Buffer 'pipefd' must have size of 2 integers if used as parameter of pipe().\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(){\n"
              "int pipefd[2];\n"
              "if (pipe2(pipefd,0) == -1) {\n"
              "    return;\n"
              "  }\n"
              "}",NULL,false,false,true);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(){\n"
              "int pipefd[20];\n"
              "if (pipe2(pipefd,0) == -1) {\n"
              "    return;\n"
              "  }\n"
              "}",NULL,false,false,true);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // avoid crash with pointer variable
        check("void foo (int* arrayPtr)\n"
              "{\n"
              "  if (pipe (arrayPtr) < 0)\n"
              "  {}\n"
              "}\n");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

    }

    void checkCastIntToCharAndBack() { // #160

        // check getchar
        check("void f() {\n"
              "unsigned char c;\n"
              "  while( (c = getchar()) != EOF)\n"
              "  {\n"
              "    bar(c);\n"
              "  } ;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (warning) Storing getchar() return value in char variable and then comparing with EOF.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "unsigned char c = getchar();\n"
              "  while( EOF != c)\n"
              "  {\n"
              "    bar(c);\n"
              "  } ;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (warning) Storing getchar() return value in char variable and then comparing with EOF.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "unsigned char c;\n"
              "  while( EOF != (c = getchar()) )\n"
              "  {\n"
              "    bar(c);\n"
              "  } ;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (warning) Storing getchar() return value in char variable and then comparing with EOF.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "int i;\n"
              "  while( (i = getchar()) != EOF)\n"
              "  {\n"
              "    bar(i);\n"
              "  } ;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f() {\n"
              "int i;\n"
              "  while( EOF != (i = getchar()) )\n"
              "  {\n"
              "    bar(i);\n"
              "  } ;\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());


        // check getc
        check("voif f (FILE * pFile){\n"
              "unsigned char c;\n"
              "do {\n"
              "  c = getc (pFile);\n"
              "} while (c != EOF)"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (warning) Storing getc() return value in char variable and then comparing with EOF.\n", errout.str());

        check("voif f (FILE * pFile){\n"
              "unsigned char c;\n"
              "do {\n"
              "  c = getc (pFile);\n"
              "} while (EOF != c)"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (warning) Storing getc() return value in char variable and then comparing with EOF.\n", errout.str());

        check("voif f (FILE * pFile){\n"
              "int i;\n"
              "do {\n"
              "  i = getc (pFile);\n"
              "} while (i != EOF)"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("voif f (FILE * pFile){\n"
              "int i;\n"
              "do {\n"
              "  i = getc (pFile);\n"
              "} while (EOF != i)"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());


        // check fgetc
        check("voif f (FILE * pFile){\n"
              "unsigned char c;\n"
              "do {\n"
              "  c = fgetc (pFile);\n"
              "} while (c != EOF)"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (warning) Storing fgetc() return value in char variable and then comparing with EOF.\n", errout.str());

        check("voif f (FILE * pFile){\n"
              "char c;\n"
              "do {\n"
              "  c = fgetc (pFile);\n"
              "} while (EOF != c)"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (warning) Storing fgetc() return value in char variable and then comparing with EOF.\n", errout.str());

        check("voif f (FILE * pFile){\n"
              "signed char c;\n"
              "do {\n"
              "  c = fgetc (pFile);\n"
              "} while (EOF != c)"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("voif f (FILE * pFile){\n"
              "int i;\n"
              "do {\n"
              "  i = fgetc (pFile);\n"
              "} while (i != EOF)"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("voif f (FILE * pFile){\n"
              "int i;\n"
              "do {\n"
              "  i = fgetc (pFile);\n"
              "} while (EOF != i)"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        // cin.get()
        check("void f(){\n"
              "   char ch;\n"
              "   while ((ch = std::cin.get()) != EOF) {\n"
              "        std::cout << ch;\n"
              "   }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (warning) Storing cin.get() return value in char variable and then comparing with EOF.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(){\n"
              "   char ch;\n"
              "   while ((ch = cin.get()) != EOF) {\n"
              "        std::cout << ch;\n"
              "   }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (warning) Storing cin.get() return value in char variable and then comparing with EOF.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(){\n"
              "   int i;\n"
              "   while ((i = cin.get()) != EOF) {\n"
              "        std::cout << i;\n"
              "   }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(){\n"
              "   int i;\n"
              "   while ((i = std::cin.get()) != EOF) {\n"
              "        std::cout << i;\n"
              "   }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(){\n"
              "   char ch;\n"
              "   while ( EOF != (ch = std::cin.get()) ) {\n"
              "        std::cout << ch;\n"
              "   }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (warning) Storing cin.get() return value in char variable and then comparing with EOF.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(){\n"
              "   char ch;\n"
              "   while ( EOF != (ch = cin.get()) ) {\n"
              "        std::cout << ch;\n"
              "   }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:3]: (warning) Storing cin.get() return value in char variable and then comparing with EOF.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(){\n"
              "   int i;\n"
              "    while ( EOF != (i = cin.get()) ) {\n"
              "        std::cout << i;\n"
              "   }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(){\n"
              "   int i;\n"
              "   while ( EOF != (i = std::cin.get()) ) {\n"
              "        std::cout << i;\n"
              "   }\n"
              "}");
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());
    }

    void checkSleepTimeIntervall() {
        // check usleep(), which is allowed to be called with in a range of [0,999999]
        check("void f(){\n"
              "usleep(10000);\n"
              "}",NULL,false,false,true);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(){\n"
              "usleep(999999);\n"
              "}",NULL,false,false,true);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout.str());

        check("void f(){\n"
              "usleep(1000000);\n"
              "}",NULL,false,false,true);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (error) The argument of usleep must be less than 1000000.\n", errout.str());

        check("void f(){\n"
              "usleep(1000001);\n"
              "}",NULL,false,false,true);
        ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:2]: (error) The argument of usleep must be less than 1000000.\n", errout.str());
    }
};

REGISTER_TEST(TestOther)